f: Chicago style guide 1
CITATION STYLE: Chicago
CHICAGO STYLE
Acknowledge your source
Plagiarism refers to the use of another’s ideas, expressions or opinions without
acknowledging their source or by claiming these views as your own.
• whenever you paraphrase or quote words or a written passage in an essay you need to
state where this information came from
• if your refer to another’s idea or argument you must acknowledge the original source
The Australian National University, Faculty of Arts web page on plagiarism can be found at:
[Link]
In text citations
How to cite a reference within an essay
In text citations refer to citations made within an essay. Each citation style has a different
way of acknowledging these citations. It is important to be aware of the way the style that
you are using is written within your essay.
There are two methods of in text citation for the Chicago style; author-date system and the
note system.
Author-date system: known as the Harvard system refers to brief citations within the essay
that refers to the list of references placed at the end of the essay.
• People most likely to use this system: physical and natural sciences students
Note: for information on the author-date system of citation for the Chicago style please see
The Chicago Manual of Style. 14th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1993 pp.
637-699.
Note system: this uses numbering within the essay to direct the reader to detailed citation
information in footnotes or endnotes.
People most likely to use this system: humanities students
The note system refers to documenting citations within the text by numbers. These numbers
are then repeated with citation details either at the end of each page (as a footnote) or at the
end of the document (as an endnote, also known as notes and backnotes).
For example the in text citation would appear as:
•
"Fire is favourable to the dreamer if he does not get burned."1
The endnote or footnote to the above citation would be shown as:
• Gustavns Hindman Miller, "Fire." The Wordsworth Dictionary of Dreams. 1994.
(Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editons Ltd, 1995), p.237.
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When placing the in text numbers, it is best to provide these at the end of a sentence or
clause.
Note: in a footnote or endnote the author’s name is written from first name to last and commas are used to
separate author and title of the work. However, in the Works Cited List (references/bibliography) the last name
of the author comes first, followed by the first and secondary names. The author and title are separated by a
period.
Works Cited:
Miller, Gustavns Hindman. "Fire." The Wordsworth Dictionary of Dreams. 1994.
Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editons Ltd, 1995.
How do I know whether to use footnotes or endnotes?
Always check with your department about the style that you should use and whether your
department prefers footnotes or endnotes. It is important that once you have decided on the
style and the format that you are consistent throughout your writing.
Using quotations
If you use a quotation you cannot change the grammar or spelling of that quotation.
Short quotations: place the quotation within "double quotation marks" within the body of the
text and provide the citation details after the closing quotation marks.
• Gustavus Hindman Miller writes that a business man who dreams of his store burning
is forewarned of, "a great rush in business and profitable results."2
Long quotations: single quotes that are more than four lines should:
• be indented from the left margin by five spaces
• be single spaced
• should not have any quotation marks surrounding the quotation
• have the citation number after the punctuation mark at the end of the quotation
To dream that he is fighting fire and does not get burned, denotes that he will be much
worked and worried as to the conduct of his business. To see the ruins of his store after a
fire forebodes ill luck. He will be almost ready to give up the effort of amassing a
handsome fortune and a brilliant business record as useless, but some unforeseen good
fortune will bear him up again.3
The footnotes or endnotes would then appear as:
2. Gustavns Hindman Miller. "Fire." The Wordsworth Dictionary of Dreams. 1994.
Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editons Ltd, 1995, p.237.
3. ibid p.237.
For more information on how to use the shortened version of footnotes and endnotes, using
ibid see:
Writer’s Handbook Chicago Style:Sample Notes - Second or Subsequent References:
[Link]
Preparing your works cited list
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It is a good idea to write a draft of the Works Cited list before you begin writing, as this will
make it easier to write your footnotes or endnotes.
The Works Cited is a compilation of all the works that you cite within your text. This means
that you do not include texts that you have not used in your essay. Other names for this list
include References; the preferred name for the Chicago style is Works Cited.
Note: if you include references that you have not mentioned within your essay, then this list
is called a Bibliography or Selected Bibliography, rather than Works Cited
How to format your works cited list
The list of references should be placed in alphabetical order, using the author’s last name (if
given) or the first word of the titleIf you have the following names Ian McKnight, Ian
MacDonald, Ian MacKnight, Ian Macaroon, Ian Maast and Anne McKnight then they would
appear as:
• Maast, Ian
• Macaroon, Ian
• MacKnight, Ian
• McKnight, Anne
• McKnight, Ian
The alphabetical order is taken from alphabetical order of letters in the last name. Only when
these names are identical will you refer to the alphabetical order of the first [Link]
works are co-authored and the first author is the same, take the last name of the second author
as your guide to place the names in alphabetical order.
• Smith, Jan and Michael Smith
• Smith, Jan and Kay Wilson
When the work is by an anonymous author, use the first word in the title to place it in
alphabetical order. However, if the title begins with A, An or The, then ignore these words
and take the beginning of the title from the second word.
• The Orange Man
• A Tale of Truth and Lies
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Chicago Works Cited Examples
In accordance with the note system on citation as given in the The Chicago Manual of Style.
14th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1993.
Chicago works cited examples for books
Type of Item Examples
“Author: full name of author or authors; full name of editor or editors
List of possible
if no single author is listed (editor’s name may be given after title); or
components for a book
name of institution responsible for the writing of the book
and the order in which
they should appear:
Title: full title of the book, including subtitle if there is one
Editor, compiler, or translator, if any, and if in addition to listed author
(may be located in author’s position if no author is listed)
Edition, if not the first
Volumes, total number if multivolume work is referred to as a whole
Volume number of multivolume work, if single volume is cited
Title of individual volume, if applicable
Series title, if applicable, and volume number within series
Facts of publication: city, publisher, and date
Page number(s); or volume and page number(s), if applicable”1
The basic entry: a book Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and
by a single author Cultural Theory. New York: Manchester University Press, 1995.
Two or three authors Jakobson, Roman, and Linda R. Qaugh. The Sound Shape of
Language. Bloomington: Indiana Up, 1979.
Four or more authors Quirk, Randolph, and others. A Comprehensive Grammar of the
English Language. London: Longman, 1985.
Or
Qurik, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan
Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language.
London: Longman, 1985.
1
The Chicago Manual of Style. 14th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993 p. 529.
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Type of Item Examples
A book by a corporate American Council of Learned Societies. Teaching the Humanities:
author Essays from the ACLS Elementary and Secondary Schools Teacher
Curriculum Development Project. New York: American Council of
Learned Societies, 1994.
An introduction, a Drabble, Margaret. Introduction to Middlemarch, by George Eliot.
preface, a foreword, or New York: Bantam, 1985.
an afterword
An Anonymous Book A Guide to Our Federal Lands. Washington: National Geographic
Society, 1984.
An Editor Tortelli, Anthony B., ed. Sociology Approaching the Twenty-first
Century. Los Angeles: Peter and Sons, 1991.
Or
John Stuart Mill, Autobiography and Literary Essays, ed. John M.
Robson and Jack Stillinger. Toronto: niversity of Toronto Press, 1980.
Original Dostoevsky, Feodor. Crime and Punishment. Trans. Jessie [Link].
author/translator George Gibian. New York: Norton, 1964.
A book Published in a
Second or Subsequent
Edition “Hazard, John N. The Soviet System of Government. 5th ed. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1980.
Stevens, Halsey. The Life and Music of Bela Bartok. Rev. ed. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1964.
Dickens, Charles. The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit. New
Oxford Illustrated Dickens. London: Oxford University Press, 1951.
Weber, M.; H.M. de Burlet; and [Link]. Die Saugetiere. 2d ed. 2 vols.
Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1928.”2
A Multivolume Work Blanco, Richard L., ed. The American Revolution, 1775-1783: An
Encyclopedia. 2 vols. Hamden: Garland, 1993.
A Book in a Series Fairchild, Arthur H.R. Shakespeare and the Arts of Design. University
of Missouri Studies, vol. 12. Columbia, 1937.
2
The Chicago Manual of Style. 14th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993 p. 546.
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Type of Item Examples
A Book in a Language Bessiere, Jean, ed. Mythologies de l’ecriture: Champs critiques. Paris:
Other Than English PUF, 1990.
An Unpublished Stephenson, Denise R. “Blurred Distinctions: Emerging Forms of
Dissertation Academic Writing.” Ph.D. diss., University of New Mexico, 1996.
Chicago works cited examples for journals
Type of Item Examples
“author’s name
title of article
List of possible title of periodical
components for an issue information volume, issue number, date)
article citation and the page reference”3
order in which they
should appear:
The Basic Entry: Benjoseph, John J. “On the Anticipation of New Metaphors.”
Cuyahoga Review 24 (1988):6-10.
An Article in a Finnonian, Albert. “The Iron curtain Rises.” Wilberton (Ohio) Journal,
Newspaper 7 February 1990, final edition.
An Article in a Karen, Robert. “Becoming Attached.” Atlantic. February 1990: 35-70.
Magazine
A Review Spitzer, Steven. Review of The Limits of Law Enforcement. By Hans
Zeisel. American Journal of Sociology 91 (November 1985): 726-29.
33
The Chicago Manual of Style. 14th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993 p. 568.
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Chicago works cited examples for electronic sources
Type of Item Examples
“Author's name
Title of document, in quotation marks
Title of complete work (if relevant), in italics or underlined
List of possible Date of publication or last revisionD
components for a web URL, in angle brackets
document and the order Date of access, in parentheses”4
in which they should
appear:
Basic Internet citation “The Australian National University Division of Information:
Scholarly Information Services/Library”. The Australian National
University. 1999. <[Link] [07/09/01].
Uniform resource < [Link]
locator (URL)
A chapter in an online Andrew Harnack and Eugene Kleppinger, “Using Chicago Style to
book Cite and Document Sources”, in Online! A Reference Guide to Using
Internet Sources 2001
<[Link] [07/09-01].
4
Andrew Harnack and Eugene Kleppinger, “Using Chicago Style to Cite and Document Sources”, in Online! A
Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources 2001 <[Link] [07/09-
01].
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Web links to further information
Chicago style homepage [Link]
How to write in text citations
Writer’s Documentation Chicago Style:
[Link]
Preparing a works cited list
"Chicago Style, Citation and Bibliography," in Research and Documentation Online:
[Link]
Information for referencing electronic resources
"Using Chicago Style to Cite and Document Sources," in Online! A Reference Guide to
Using Internet Sources: [Link]
Frequently asked questions
The Chicago Manual of Style FAQ (and not so FAQ:
[Link]
Chicago Bibliography
The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, The Australian National University:
Rules and Policies, Plagiarism. 2001.
<[Link] [12/10/01].
The Chicago Manual of Style. 14th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993.
Hacker, D. "Chicago Style, Citation and Bibliography", in Research and Documentation
Online. 2001.< [Link] [12/10/01].
Harnack, A and Kleppinger, E. "Using Chicago style to cite and document source", in
Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources. 2001.
<[Link] [12/10/01].
Miller, G.H. "Fire", in The Wordsworth Dictionary of Dreams. 1994. Hertfordshire:
Wordsworth Editons Ltd.1995.
The University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style. 2001.
<[Link] [12.10.01].
The University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style FAQ (and not so FAQ). 2001.
<[Link] > [12/10/01].
The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center. Writer’s Handbook Chicago
Style:Sample Notes - Second or Subsequent References. 2001.
<[Link] [12/10/01].
The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center. Writer’s Handbook Documentation
Chicago Style. 2001.<[Link]
[12/10/01].
