Syllabus B.A.(Geo), R.T.M.

Nagpur University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj

Nagpur University Nagpur

SEMESTER SYSTEM SYLLABUS

FOR

B.A.(Part-I)- Semester-I & II

B.A.(Part-II)- Semester-III & IV

B.A.(Part-III)- Semester-V & VI

GEOGRAPHY

(WITH EFFECT FROM 2016-17)

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj

Nagpur University Nagpur
SEMESTER SYSTEM SYLLABUS

FOR

[Link]

Semester wise Distribution of Marks

Code Class Seme Theory Theory Code Practical Practical Total
ster Paper Internal Marks Internal Marks
Marks Assessment Assessment
1T1 B.A. Part-I I 40 10 1P1 40 10 100
1T2 B.A. Part-I II 40 10 1P2 40 10 100
2T1 [Link]-II III 40 10 2P1 40 10 100
2T2 [Link]-II IV 40 10 2P2 40 10 100
3T1 [Link]-III V 40 10 3P1 40 10 100
3T2 [Link]-III VI 40 10 3P2 40 10 100
240 60 240 60 600

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

PATTERN OF EXAMINATION

Theory:

One theory paper of 40 marks each and of two hours duration will be conducted at
the end of each semester.

Practicals:

1) One Practical examination of 40 marks of four hour duration in each semester will be
conducted at the end of the same semester.

2) Practical examination in all six semester will be conducted by Internal and External
examiners appointed by the University.

Internal Assessment for Theory Examination:

1) Head of the department will carry out internal assessment of the students on the basis
of evaluation report from the concerned teacher/ teachers, under the supervision of the
principal of the college and will be done at the end of each semester.

2) Distribution of 10 marks of internal assessment is as under-

i) Home Assignment 05 marks

iii) Test Exam 05 marks

Internal Assessment for Practical Examination:

i) Test Exam 10 marks

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Pattern of Question Paper

Examination U.G. Level Geography

B.A.(Part-I)- Semester-I & II

B.A.(Part-II)- Semester-III & IV
B.A.(Part-III)- Semester-V & VI

Time – Two Hours Full Marks-40

Instructions- 1) All Questions are compulsory.
2) All Question carry equal marks.
[Link].1. Long answers question with Internal Choice from any Unit of 08 Marks.

[Link].2. Long answers question with Internal Choice from any Unit of 08 Marks.

[Link].3. Two Short answers question with Internal Choice from any Unit of 4X2=08 Marks.

[Link].4. Two Short answers question with Internal Choice from any Unit of 4X2=08 Marks.

[Link].5. Four very short answer question without internal choice 4X2=08 Marks.

Note: 1) One question from each unit.

2) Question No.5 should be asked from all 4 units.

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rules and Regulations

1. There will be four periods per week for theory papers.

2. The batch of Practical class should not be exceeding 16 students.

3. There will be two periods per batch per week for practicals.

4. Passing Marks Theory + Internal =40% (Combined passing).

5. Passing Marks Practical+ Internal =40% (Combined passing).

6. Marks will not be allotted to student if he/she is found absent in study tour.

CERTIFICATE
Department of Geography

Name of College ……………………………………………………………………….

This is to certify that this practical record is the Original Practical works of Shri/ Kumari/
Smt. …………………………………………………………………

Class…………….. Semester…………….. During the academic year.

He/ She has attended/ not attained the field work/ Study tour prescribed by the
RTM Nagpur University Nagpur.

Note: Student will not be allowed to appear in the practical examination without duly
signed Practical record by teacher & Head of the Department

Signature of the teacher who taught the examinee

1) ……………………………………

2) ……………………………………

3) ……………………………………

4) ……………………………………

Head of Department

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

B.A.I. Geography
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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Semester-I (1T1)
Semester Exam: 40 Marks

Internal Assessment: 10 Marks

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Introduction to Geography

Unit-I

The Nature of Geography – Meaning, Definition, Scope, Approach, Objectives, Relevance

of Geography; Place of Geography in the Classification of Sciences; Branches of
Geography; Geography and other disciplines.

Unit-II

The Physical Dimension in Geography, The Universe; The Solar System: Earth as an
Unique Planet, The Earth Movement: Rotation and Revolution, Size and Shape of the
Earth, Latitudes, Longitudes & Local time and Time zones, Phase of moon, lunar and
solar eclipse.

Unit-III

Geography as a study of Environment; Man- Environment; Ecology and Ecosystem;

Environmental Determinism, Possiblism, Neo-determinism; Dualism in Geography-
Systematic/ Regional, Physical / Human; Complementarities.

Unit-IV

A brief Historical overview of Geography as a discipline- contribution of ancient classical

time and modern classical time geographers. Recent Trends in Geography with special
reference to India; Imperatives for the future; Career Opportunities for Geographers.
Contribution of ancient classical time and modern period classical time geographers.

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

B.A.I. Geography
Semester-I (1P1)
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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Practical Geography
Semester Practical Examination Marks:40
Internal Assessment: 10

Unit-I:
Meaning Definition, Nature & Scope of Cartography, Globe & Maps, Essentials of maps,
History of Map-Making, Types & Uses of Maps.
Unit-II:
Scale:
(A) Conversion of Scale: Statement to R.F. & R. F. to Statement
(B) Linear Scale:-
a) Simple Scale
b) Comparative scale: Time and Distance
c) Diagonal Scale
Unit-III
Statistical Method
a) Tabulation, Seriation and frequency distribution
b) Measures of central tendency: Mean Median and Mode.
Plan of Practical Examination
The following plan will be strictly followed to test the skill developed by the students.
1) Introduction to Cartography (5 Marks)
2) Scale (Two Problems) (10 Marks)
3) Statistical method- Tabulation Seriation and
Frequency distribution (5 Marks)
4) Statistical method- Central tendency (Two Problems) (10 Marks)
5) Viva-voce (5 Marks)
6) Practical Records, (5 Marks)
Internal Assessment:
Test Exam (10 Marks)

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

B.A.I. Geography
Semester-II (1T2)
Semester Exam: 40 Marks

Internal Assessment: 10 Marks

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Physical Geography (Climatology)

Unit-I

Meaning, Scope and significance of Climatology, Atmospheric composition and structure,

Elements of Weather and Climate, Insolation: Determinants & Distribution; Global energy
Budget.

Unit-II

Temperature: Factors, Horizontal & Vertical Distribution of Temperature and Processes of

Heating & Cooling of the Atmosphere, pressure and wind, Vertical and Horizontal
Distribution of Pressure, Planetary, Periodic and local winds, Monsoon.

Unit-III

Atmospheric Moisture, Humidity, Evaporation and Condensation; Precipitation: Forms &

Types; Rainfall; Air Masses and Fronts,; Concepts, Classification and Properties.

Unit-IV

Atmospheric disturbances, Cyclones; Tropical & Temperature; Anticyclones,

Thunderstorms and Tornadoes; Climatic Classification: Basis of Koppens Classification
and types, Role of Climate in Human Life, Global Warming- General causes,
Consequences and Measures of control.

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

B.A.I. Geography
Semester-II(1P2)
Semester Practical Examination Marks:40
Internal Assessment: 10
Unit-I:
Preparation of climatic maps and diagrams-
a) Preparation of Isopleths showing temperature, pressure and rainfall. (Each Two
Examples)
b) Construction of Histogram, Hythergraph, Windrose Diagram and Taylor’s
Climograph.
Unit-II:
Study of Indian daily Weather Maps: Showing summer, Rainy seasons and winter
condition.
Unit-III:
Study of following weather instruments:
a) Maximum and minimum thermometer.
b) Barometer
c) Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometers
d) Rain Gage and Anemometer & Wind vane
Unit-IV
Instrumental Survey- Plane table Survey- Methods & Type.

Plan of Practical Examination

The following plan will be strictly followed to test the skill developed by the students.
1) Preparation of climatic maps and diagrams
a) Isopleths (6 Marks)
b) Diagrams (Two Problems) (8Marks)
2) Study of Indian daily Weather Maps (6 Marks)
3) Surveying (6 Marks)
4) Weather instruments (4 Marks)
5) Viva-voce (5 Marks)
6) Practical Record, Attendance and Punctuality (5 Marks)
Internal Assessment:
Test Exam (10 Marks)

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Suggested Readings

1. Contemporary American Geography; Routlege New Jersy 1992

2. Dikshit R.D. Geographical Thought- A contextual History of Ideas. Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd 2000.
3. Dohrs. F. E. and Sommers, L.W. (sds.) Introduction to Geography, Thomas Y.
Crowell Co. Chicago, 1959.
4. Harvey, David: Explanation in Geography Edward- Amold, London, 1972.
5. Holt-Jensen, A Geography: Its History and Concepts, Longmans, 1980
6. Husain, Majid: Evolution of Geographical Thought, RawatPublicaions, Jaipur, 1984
7. James, P.E. All Possible Worlds: A History of Geographical Ideas. Sachin
Publication, Jaipur.
8. Johnston, P.J. and Claval, P. (eds) Geography Since the Second World War. Croom
Helm London/ Bernes and Noble, N.J. 1984
9. Jones, PA/: Field work in Geography, Longmans 1968
10. Lownsburg J.F. and Aldrich F.T. Introduction to Geographical Methods and
Techniques, Charles Marrili., Columbus, 1979.
11. Matthews J.A. and Herbert D.T.; Geography; A very short introduction, oxford
university press New York 2009
12. Minshull, R: The changing Nature of Geography. Hutchinson University Library,
London, 1970
13. Wooldridge S.W.: The Geographer as Scientist, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.
London. 1956.
14. Barry, R. G. and Carleton, M. (200 I): Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology, Rout
ledge, London.
15. Chorley, R.J. (200 I): Atmosphere, Wea-Oimate, Methuen, and London.
16. Critchfield, H. J. (2002): General Climatology. Prentice- Hall of India, New Delhi.
17. Finch, J.E. and Trewartha .G.T.: Elements of weather and Climate. Prentice –Hall
London.

18. Kendrew W.e. (1998): Climatology. Edward Arnold London 5th edition.
19. Lal, D.S. (1986): Climatology. Chaitanya Publications, Allahabad.
20. Oliver J.E. and Hidore, J.J. (2003): Climatology: An Atmospheric Science, Pearson
Education Private Ltd. Pratapganj, Delhi.

21. Robinson P.J. and Henderson, S. (1999): Contemporary Climatology, 2 nd edition,

Pearson Education Ltd. Harlow, UK.
22. Singh M.B. (1998): JalvayuAvamSamudraVigyan. Tara Book Agency, Varanasi.
23. Singh M.B. (1999): JalvayuAvamSamudraVigyan. Tara Book Agency, Varanasi.
24. Singh S. (2005): Climatology. PrayagPustakBhawan, Allahabad.

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

25. Singh S. (2006): Climatology. PrayagPustakBhawan, Allahabad.

26. Anthes, R. (1997) Meteorology, Seventh Edition PHI, New Delhi.
27. F. J. Mankhouse- maps and Diagram- B.L. Publication Pvt. Ltd.
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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

[Link]. Geography

Semester-III (2T1)
Semester Exam : 40 Marks

Internal Assessment: 10 Marks

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Geomorphology

Unit-I-
The nature and scope of physical Geography, The place of Geomorphology in physical
Geography, Geological time scale, Earth’s interior, Rocks- origin and composition,
types & their characteristics.

Unit-II
Wegner’s theory of continental Drift, Plate tectonic, Isostasy,
Earth movements-orogenic and eperogenic, Earthquakes and volcanoes.

Unit -III
Weathering, Geomorphic agents and process-erosion, transportation and deposition,
Concept of cycle of erosion, Interruption of cycle of erosion.

Unit –IV

Fluvial, Glacial, Arid, Karst and Coastal landforms.

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

[Link]. Geography
Semester-III (2P1)
Practical Geography
Semester Practical Examination Marks:40
Internal Assessment: 10
Unit-I
Preparation of relief Maps and diagrams.
a) Representation of different landforms by contours
b) Study of contours maps representing different relief features with the help of
profiles.
Unit-II
Drawing of profiles- Serial, superimposed, composite and projected and their relevance in
landform analysis.
Unit-III
Study of topographical Maps-Classification and scale, interpretation of GOI toposheets of
a hilly, plateau and plain area of India in respect of (i) relief, (ii) drainage (iii) Settlement,
(iv) communication pattern.

Plan of Practical Examination

The following plan will be strictly followed to test the skill developed by the students.
1. Representation of different landforms by using contours (5 Marks)
2. Study of Contour maps representing different relief (5 Marks)
features with the help of profiles.
[Link] of Profiles- serial, superimposed and compound (10 Marks)
4. Question on the study of topographical maps.
(I) Classification of Maps & Scale of GOI toposheets (5 Marks)
(II) Interpretation of topographical Map. (5 Marks)
5. Viva-voce. (5 Marks)
6. Practical record, attendance and punctuality (5 Marks)
Internal Assessment:
Test Exam (10 Marks)

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

[Link]. Geography
Semester-IV (2T2)
Semester Exam: 40 Marks

Internal Assessment: 10 Marks

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Human Geography
Unit-I

Nature and scope of human geography, Branches of human geography. Human races-
meaning, criteria of racial types, brief history of racial classification, races of India.

Unit-II

Early economic activities of mankind, food gathering, hunting, fishing and shifting
cultivation. Human adaptation to the environment (i) Cold region- Eskimo!, Hot region-
Bushman, Beduin, (iii) Plateau- Gonds, Masai (iv) Mountain- Gujjars.

Unit-III

Distribution of world population, physical, economic and social factors influencing spatial
distribution, concepts of over, under and optimum population. Population Theories-
classical and modern. Migration- aspects of migration, major migrations of the world,
effects of migration.

Unit-IV

Population regions of India, problem of over population in India, remedial measures,

Population policies in India.

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

[Link]. Geography
Semester-IV (2P2)
Practical Geography
Semester Practical Examination Marks:40
Internal Assessment: 10
Unit-I:
Construction Merits, Demerits, characteristics and uses of the following Projections-
(i) Simple cylindrical projection
(ii) Cylindrical equal area projection
(iii)Conical projection with one standard parallel
(iv)Conical projection with two standard parallel.
Unit-II:
Use of Statistical method-
Measuring of dispersions
(i) Mean Deviation, (ii) Quartile Deviation, (iii) Standard Deviation
Unit-III:
Use of line and Bargraphs for representing population, agriculture, industry and transport
data. (Simple, multiple and compound)
Unit-IV
Field study of topographical features.

Plan of Practical Examination

The following plan will be strictly followed to test the skill developed by the students.
1.(a) Construction of Projection (8 Marks)
(b) Merits, demerits and use of projection (2 Marks)
2. Statistical Method (Two Examples) (8 Marks)
3. (a) Use of Bargraphs (4 Marks)
(b) Use of Linegraphs (4 Marks)
4. Field Study of topographical features (4 Marks)
5. Viva-voce. (5 Marks)
6. Practical record, attendance and punctuality (5 Marks)
Internal Assessment:
Test Exam (10 Marks)

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

[Link]. Geography
Semester-V (3T1)
Semester Exam: 40 Marks

Internal Assessment: 10 Marks

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Geography of Maharashtra

Unit-I
Maharashtra- Geographical location and extent, Administrative divisions.
Physiography and drainage- Main physiographic divisions, Drainage pattern.

U nit-II
Climate- Regional and seasonal variations, Major climatic regions.
Forest- Major forest types and their distribution, forest conservation.
Soil- Major soil types and their distribution, soil conservation.

Unit-III
Agriculture- Production and distribution of major crops (Rice,Wheat, Cotton,Sugarcane)
Industries –Major agro based industries- (Cotton textile, sugar)
Major Industrial regions.
Mineral and power resources-Distribution and utilization of Iron ore,
Manganese, Coal and major hydro and thermal power projects.
Tourism- Importance, factors influencing, development of Tourism, Tourism in Maharashtra.

Unit-IV
Population- Distribution, Density, growth and problems, urbanization,
Migration - causes and effects.

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

[Link]. Geography
Semester-V (3P1)
Practical Geography
Semester Practical Examination Marks:40
Internal Assessment: 10
Unit-I:
Enlargement & Reduction by Graphical Method.
Unit-II:
a) Prismatic Compass Survey
I) Correction of Bearings
II) Plotting of Bearing and Closing Error.

Unit-III:
Representation of Statistical Data
a) Diagrams- I) Divided Circle (Pie)
ii) Divided Rectangle
iii) Pyramid- Simple,Compund.
b) Maps- I) Dot II) Proportinal Circle III) Choropleth

Plan of Practical Examination

The following plan will be strictly followed to test the skill developed by the students.
[Link] and Reduction (5 Marks)
2. (a) Correction of Bearings (4 Marks)
(b) Plotting and closing error. (6 Marks)
3. (a) Preparation of diagrams. (7 Marks)
(b) Preparation Maps. (8 Marks)
5. Viva-voce. (5 Marks)
6. Practical record, attendence and punctuality (5 Marks)
Internal Assessment:
Test Exam (10 Marks)

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

[Link]. Geography
Semester-VI (3T2)
Semester Exam: 40 Marks

Internal Assessment: 10 Marks

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Geography of India
Unit-I
India in the context of Southeast and South Asia; India: a land of diversities; unity within
diversities.
Major terrain elements of India and their role in shaping physical landscape of India.
Drainage systems of India and their functional significance.
Unit-II
Regional and seasonal variations of climate- The monsoon, Climatic regions of India. Soil
types of India, Vegetation types and distribution.
Forest, minerals (Iron-ore, Manganese) and power resources(Coal, Petroleum & Hydro-
electricity). The status of their use the need for conservation.
Unit-III
Spatial distribution of population and density, age, sex and literacy structure, Green
Revolution; regionalisation of Indian agriculture
Unit-IV
Industries- Iron & steel, Cotton textile, Sugar Industries., Industrial regions of India,
composition of domestic and international trade.

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 Syllabus B.A.(Geo), [Link] University, Nagpur

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur

[Link]. Geography
Semester-VI (3P2)
Practical Geography
Semester Practical Examination Marks: 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Unit-I:
Dumpy Level Survey- Use of Dumpy Level
a) Preparation of field Book (Rise and fall Method and Collimation Method)
b) Drawing of Profile.
Unit-II:
Introduction to modern Techniques.
(a) Equipments of Air Photography, types of Air Photographs, Scales of Air Photographs,
interpretation of Air Photographs, merits and demerits of Air Photographs.
(b) GIS and Remote Sensing- Introduction to GIS, Fundamentals of GIS-spatial and
concepts and spatial relationship, Definition of R.S., R.S. Platforms and scanners, R.S. as
a tool for data generation and mapping.
Unit-III:
Meaning and Computation of Correlation, Correlation Co-efficient by Karl Pearson’s and
Spearmen’s Method.
Unit-IV
Field Work and Field Report. Socio-economic Survey of Small Village.
Plan of Practical Examination
The following plan will be strictly followed to test the skill developed by the students.
1. Problem on levelling
(a) Preparation of field book (6 Marks)
(b) Drawing of Profile (4 Marks)
2. Introduction to Modern techniques
(a) Aerial photographs (4 Marks)
(b) G.I.S. and Remote Sensing (6 Marks)
3. Computation of correlation (5 Marks)
4. Field Survey report (5 Marks)
5. Viva-voce. (5 Marks)
6. Practical record, attendance and punctuality (5 Marks)

Internal Assessment:
Test Exam (10 Marks)

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