The University of Lahore
Department of Civil Engineering
Internship Report
Prepared by: Aqib Sohail
Registration No.: BSCE01163187
Internship Organization: Lahore Development Authority (LDA)
Project: Lahore Orange Line Metro Train
Project – Grade Works of Section-I
Duration: July 10, 2020 – August 10, 2020
Date of Submission: May 30, 2021
INTERNSHIP RUBRIC
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praise to Allah Almighty, The Most Gracious, and The Most Merciful, who enabled us
to read and write, And Praise to Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him), who guided us onto the
right path. First of all, I thank to Allah Almighty who blessed me the opportunity to take
part in this project. Secondly, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. M Zulfiqar Ali Khan head of
civil engineering department at University of Lahore who advised me to do this internship.
Thirdly, I would like to thank Engr. Muhammad Arshad Bhatti Assistant Director at Lahore
Development Authority (LDA) for accepting my internship letter and giving me an
opportunity to get knowledge about one of the best firms for civil engineers. For me, it was
a unique experience to study an internship project. It helped me to get back my interest in
civil engineering and to have new plans for my future career. Furthermore, I want to thank
all the engineers and surveyors with whom I get the fieldwork experience which would help
me in future. Lastly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot
in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1
1.1. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ............................................................................. 1
1.2. PROJECT PURPOSE OR JUSTIFICATION: ...................................................... 2
1.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT: ........................................................................ 3
1.4. BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT: .......................................................................... 4
2. ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATED .............................................................................. 5
2.1. CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING: ......................................................................... 5
2.2. EXCAVATION: ...................................................................................................... 5
2.3. FLOORING:.......................................................................................................... 5
2.4. CURING................................................................................................................ 5
2.5. POURING OF CONCRETE: ................................................................................ 6
2.6. PLASTERING ...................................................................................................... 6
2.7. FINISHING WORK:............................................................................................. 6
3. ACTIVITIES OBSERVED ....................................................................................... 7
3.1. CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL: ........................................................................... 7
3.1.1. Cement ............................................................................................................... 7
3.1.2. Sand.................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.3. Aggregate ........................................................................................................... 8
3.1.4. Steel.................................................................................................................... 8
3.2. FORM WORK: ..................................................................................................... 8
3.3. FIXING OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT: ........................................................... 9
3.4. COLUMN CASTING: .......................................................................................... 9
4. CORRELATION OF ACTIVITIES WITH STANDARD ..................................... …………10
4.1. FIELD COMPACTION TEST/PROCTER TEST .............................................. 10
4.2. SLUMP CONE TEST-ASTM C 143 .................................................................. 10
4.3. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TEST ........................................................... 11
4.4. SPEEDY MOISTURE METER TEST (ASTM D4944; AASHTO T217) ......... 11
5. DIFFICULTIES FACED ........................................................................................ 12
6. SUMMARY AND KNOWLEDGE ........................................................................ 13
7. APPENDIX ............................................................................................................... 14
8. REFERENCES......................................................................................................... 16
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Scaffolding Work ................................................................................................ 14
Figure 2 Installing of Escalator .......................................................................................... 14
Figure 3 Inside view of Orange line Station ...................................................................... 15
Figure 4 Top View of Rails Connection at Station ............................................................ 15
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Project Profile ...................................................................................................... 4
1. INTRODUCTION
This report is a short description of my four-week internship carried out at Traffic
Engineering and Transport Planning Agency of Lahore Development Authority company
(LDA) in 2020 as compulsory component of [Link]. Civil Engineering. I formulated
following learning goals before entering into internship:-
1) Check my gained knowledge with its practical application.
2) Enhance and refine my communication skills.
3) Understand the functioning and working environment of a governmental organization.
4) Learn about research methodologies (field methods/methods to analyze data).
5) Get fieldwork experience/collect data in an unknown environment.
This internship report contains the activities which contributed to achieve my stated goals.
The following paras of this report surround the organization of LDA, my activities in the
organization to achieve my goals and finally the conclusion of the report.
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INTRODUCTION
1.1. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT:
Orange Line is an automated rapid transit line in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is operated
by the Punjab Mass Transit Authority and forms part of the Lahore Metro system. The line
is Pakistan's first metro train. The line spans 27.1 km (16.8 mi) with 25.4 km (15.8 mi)
elevated and 1.72 km (1.1 mi) underground. The line is served by 26 stations and is
expected to handle 250,000 passengers daily. It is a part of the wider CPEC China Pakistan
Economic Corridor, the Orange line is being financed by both the Government of Pakistan,
and Government of China.
The Orange Line MRT feasibility study was done by the Consultant MVA Asia Ltd. in year
2007 for 27 km route. The study was updated by NESPAK in 2014 through Addendum to
the Feasibility Study.
The orange line starts from Ali Town on Raiwind Road and terminates at Dera Gujran. The
alignment follows the Multan Road corridor from Thokar Niaz Baig up to Chauburji, then
via Lake Road, Mcleod Road, Nicholson Road to the main Railway Crossing to reach GT
Road and follows GT Road till interchange of Lahore Ring Road. The project cost is USD
1478.18 Million (exclusive of Contingencies).
The features of the Lahore Orange Line Metro Train project are as follows:
• Total length: 27.1 Km (Cut & Cover section: 1.72 Km; Elevated: 25.4)
• Total Stations: 26 (Elevated stations: 24 & Cut & Cover stations: 02)
• Rolling Stock Requirement - 27 Train sets at the start of operations
• Ridership: 245,000 passengers per day
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INTRODUCTION
1.2. PROJECT PURPOSE OR JUSTIFICATION:
The fundamental reason for this project is to give safe journey to the travelers of the Lahore
which is the Capital City of Punjab Province, and individuals with only 40 rupees
can travel from Ali Town to Dera Gujran. The primary intention is to give safe and well-
being making cross to the general population of Lahore so a real issue around crowding of
traffic within city. Orange line project is the planned framework for upgrading current
existing structure. This will give the general population to have a protected trip. The
outcomes of this project will give a great deal of advantage to the general population as
they can travel securely and achieve their goal in a matter of moments. They dispose of the
additional charges from the cab drivers and anybody can go with in brief time with less cost
another fundamental reason for existing is that streets accident gets lessen in light of the
fact that a different street track is distributed for that as street accident get decline.
1.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:
1. The traffic congestion will be reduced.
2. This service is economical for type of citizens like poor and rich and there is
equality because this service is publicly reachable.
3. Through this service people can move easily.
4. Passengers who will travel through orange line will be secure and they will
be checked by the scanner on every station.
5. Traffic accidents ratio will be decreased because of orange line service.
6. Separate seats will be available for ladies and disabled.
7. There are separate tracks for orange line so there will be no blockage of traffic.
8. University students and airport employees will be also entertaining.
9. The distance will become shorter and time will be saved
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INTRODUCTION
1.4. BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT:
The main objective of this project is to provide bus service to give simple and safe journey
to the overall population of Lahore City individuals can easily move from any territory
inside city with in time. Orange line transport station are presented in principle areas in
Lahore. It will be good to all kind of individuals like business class individuals and needy
individuals will go on same transport with no difference of position. It will offer
comfortable journey to traveler to move starting with one area then onto the next part
between different stations. It is envisaged that the number of accidents will be reduced
because of orange line transport. There will be special seating for female passengers on the
new service.
Table 1.1 Project Profile
Lahore Orange Line Metro Train Project
Project Name
Grade Works of Section-I
Project
Lahore City
Location
Consultant NESPAK
Contractor Habib Construction Services Pvt.
Client LDA
Start Date
Oct 2015
(Month / Year)
Rail works, Pedestrian bridges, Underpasses, Sewerage system,
Scope of Work
Overhead bridges, T-walls and Building constructions.
Total Project
Rs 22 Billion
Cost
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2. ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATED
2.1. CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING:
Construction surveying or building surveying is to stake out reference points and markers
that will guide the construction of new structures such as roads or buildings. These markers
are usually staked out according to a suitable coordinate system selected for the project.
2.2. EXCAVATION:
Excavation is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials with tools, equipment or
explosives. It includes earthwork, trenching, wall shafts, tunneling and underground. Some
of the different processes used in excavation include trenching, digging, dredging and site
development.
2.3. FLOORING:
Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing
such a floor covering. Floor covering is a term to generically describe any finish material
applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Both terms are used
interchangeably but floor covering refers more to lose-laid materials.
2.4. CURING:
Curing is very important factor for the attaining of compressive strength of the concrete. It
precedes the hydration process of the cement. I was assigned with the duty of checking of
proper daily curing of the structural components. The curing of concrete was carried out by
wrapping thick clothes around them and enriching the clothes with water. Whereas, for the
curing of slabs, pounding process was used.
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ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATED
2.5. POURING OF CONCRETE:
When frame work was complete then pouring and casting and was started. When concrete
was pouring, I checked the thickness at many points, for this purpose a steel bar was used.
Steel bar was tied up with a ring at 5 inches depth and that steel bar was used to insert in
concrete at different points to check either the slab thickness is according to design or not.
And if some fault were found then it was having to be corrected by calling the labors.
2.6. PLASTERING:
Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and
ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. In English "plaster" usually
means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to
external applications.
2.7. FINISHING WORK:
Finishing work is the concluding stage of construction; in many cases, the overall quality
of a building or structure being put into service depends on the quality of its execution. The
main types of finishing work include facing, plastering, flooring (and parquetry), painting,
wallpapering, and glazing.
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3. ACTIVITIES OBSERVED
Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source. The main
advantage of observation is its directness. We can collect data at the time they occur. The
observer does not have to ask people about their behavior and reports from others. He or
she can simply watch as individuals act and speak. This temporary position has helped us
a great deal in getting increasingly more field understanding. Following are the activities
which I observed in the field.
3.1. CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL:
3.1.1. CEMENT
A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and
adheres to other materials to bind them together.
Cements used in construction are usually inorganic, often lime or calcium silicate
based, which can be characterized as non-
hydraulic or hydraulic respectively, depending on the ability of the cement to set in
the presence of water.
3.1.2. SAND
Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.
It is defined by size, being finer than gravel and coarser than silt.
Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more
than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass.
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ACTIVITIES OBSERVED
3.1.3. AGGREGATE
Construction aggregate, or simply aggregate, is a broad category of coarse to
medium-grained particulate material used in construction,
including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic
aggregates.
Aggregates are a component of composite materials such as concrete and asphalt
concrete; the aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to the overall
composite material.
Aggregates are also used as base material under foundations, roads, and railroads.
3.1.4. STEEL
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence applied that will strengthen
an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific
antecedent stimulus.
There are two types of reinforcement, known as positive reinforcement and negative
reinforcement; positive is where by a reward is offered on expression of the wanted
behavior and negative is taking away an undesirable element in the persons
environment whenever the desired behavior is achieved.
3.2. FORM WORK:
Formwork is temporary or permanent molds into which concrete or similar materials are
poured. In the context of concrete construction, the false work supports the shuttering
molds. Formwork allows contractors to cast and construct the main parts of a building
which are required to be strong and support the structure such as floors and walls, as well
as smaller parts of a building such as stairs relatively quickly. There are many different
types of concrete formwork used in construction. Traditional formwork is fabricated using
timber, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fiber reinforced plastics and other
materials.
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ACTIVITIES OBSERVED
3.3. FIXING OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT:
Rebar (short for reinforcing bar), known when massed as reinforcing steel
or reinforcement steel is a steel bar or mesh of steel wires used as a tension device in
reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures to strengthen and aid the concrete
under tension. Concrete is strong under compression, but has weak tensile strength. Rebar
significantly increases the tensile strength of the structure. Rebar's surface is often
"deformed" with ribs, lugs or indentations to promote a better bond with the concrete and
reduce the risk of slippage. The most common type of rebar is carbon steel, typically
consisting of hot-rolled round bars with deformation patterns. Other readily available types
include stainless steel, and composite bars made of glass fiber, carbon fiber, or basalt fiber.
3.4. COLUMN CASTING:
Reinforced Concrete column is a structural member of RC frame structured building. It’s a
vertical member which transfers loads from slab and beam directly to subsequent soil. A
whole building stands on columns. Most of the building failure happens due to column
failure. And most of the column failure happens not for design fault but for the poor
construction practice. So, it is very important to know the construction process of the RC
column properly.
Constructing Concrete Column involves following four stages of works.
1. Column layout work
2. Column reinforcement work
3. Column formwork, and
4. Pouring concrete into column.
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4. CORRELATION OF ACTIVITIES WITH STANDARD
All the activities were according to standards, in this regard various test was also performed
on soil, concrete and aggregates to ensure the quality of work according to standards. The
main test performed were:
1. Compressive strength test on concrete.
2. Slump test.
3. Speedy moisture meter test.
4. Soil compaction test.
4.1. FIELD COMPACTION TEST/PROCTER TEST
The dry density of the compacted soil pavement material (ASTM D698) is a common
measure of the amount of the compaction achieved during the construction. Knowing the
field density and field moisture content, the dry density is calculated.
The basic principle of sand replacement method is to measure the in-situ volume of hole
from which the material was excavated from the weight of sand with known density filling
in the hole. The in-situ density of material is given by the weight of the excavated material
divided by the in-situ volume. Same procedure was followed at site and the results was that
the 90% soil compaction is done.
4.2. SLUMP CONE TEST-ASTM C 143
This test method was done in order to calculate the workability and to check that concrete
batch should be selected or rejected. For this purpose, a slump cone of 8 inches base
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CORRELATION OF ACTIVITIES WITH STANDARD
diameter, top diameter of 4 inches, and a height of 12 inches was used. The mold was filled
with concrete in three layers. Each layer was compacted with 25 strokes of tamping rod.
The slump cone mold was lifted vertically upward and the change in height of the concrete
measured.
I also calculated the slump value of the concrete which was conducted at site in the evening
after I took the readings. I compared it with design specification given by the client (75mm to
125mm slump) before casting the concrete.
4.3. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TEST
This test was performed at site to check the compressive strength of concrete. In this test,
we used cylinder of 12in height and 6in diameter. For this purpose, compressive strength
machine was used. In this test concrete cylinder was cured in water for 28 days. The
specimen was taken out from the curing tank after 28 days and extra water from the surface
of specimen was wipeout. The specimen was vertically placed on the platform of
compression testing machine. The load was applied continuously and uniformly without
shock at the rate of 315 k-N/min until the specimen was fail.
4.4. SPEEDY MOISTURE METER TEST (ASTM D4944; AASHTO T217)
The UTS-0155 Speedy Moisture Tester is used to determine the moisture content of soils,
sand and fine aggregates in the field. It is an easy and portable method. The amount of gas,
which is given off when water and calcium carbide are mixed and react, is directly
proportional to the amount of water present in the sample and results in percentage moisture
are taken from a pressure gauge. This model is used for moisture determination of a 20g
specimen with 20% maximum moisture content.
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5. DIFFICULTIES FACED
During my temporary job, I confronted different challenges. As it was my first viable
involvement with the field of building development so these challenges and issues showed
me a great deal and caused me to plan for such sort of things in future. In field each new
comer needs to figure out how to counter these challenges with the assistance of this
experience and information.
The major problem I faced was of the communication with the labors at a site.
The site staff used to underestimate the internees.
All drawings and design calculations were in FPS system but our curriculum is
based on the SI system, therefore I was very confused with the unit conversions and
formulas used in a different manner.
Site engineers were busy in their particular work and they could not help me in any
technical situation at all.
Construction and working were stopped for a few hours due to rain. Because there
was no proper system of drainage.
I was not familiar with local terminologies.
There were no safety precautions at a site.
A concrete yard was too far from the construction site of the company which
resulted in lack of maintenance of the temperature of concrete due to hot weather.
There was no food easily available at the site for trainees.
There was no proper system of potable water.
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6. SUMMARY AND KNOWLEDGE GAINED
I played out my obligations during temporary position successfully and genuinely and by
and large my experience was very instructive and testing. The 5-week span of my entry
level position end up being useful in comprehension of execution of a task, its strategies
and methods. During this period, the undertaking was in its final period of development.
Cutting, binding, laying, providing hooks, lap splices of steels.
To study and understand the structural drawings.
The working of machineries like concrete mixer, excavator, compactors, vibrator
etc.
Punctuality is very important factor at site for proper supervision.
The engineer should be vigilant at site to get maximum progress of the work.
To deal with the seniors in a respective way and how to manage things in proper
manners.
The execution of formwork of slab at site.
The various ambiguities we usually faced at the site such as climatic conditions,
man power availability.
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7. APPENDIX
Figure 1 Scaffolding Work
Figure 2 Installing of Escalator
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APPENDIX
Figure 3 Inside view of orange line Station
Figure 4 Top View of Rails Connection at Station
Page | 14
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