2020-21

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ECONOMIC SURVEY

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ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL ORGANISATION
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING,
GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB

www.esopb.gov.in
 Preface

Raj Kamal Chaudhuri, IAS

Principal Secretary,
Department of Planning,
Government of Punjab

Punjab Economic Survey presents the consolidated picture of current economic developments
of the State in comparison to previous year viz-a-viz other states and country. It also contains
government's key initiatives, problems, prospectus and challenges with respect to socio-
economic development of the State. Present Economic Survey 2020-21 is special in the sense
that it covers the period of crisis of Corona virus pandemic and its impact on economy. The
economic impact of the pandemic has been disruptive and government as well as general
public passed through the paradoxical situation between ‘lives vs livelihoods’.
Punjab has not only fought with the global pandemic successfully but ensured some
economic recovery also in post lockdown period. Agriculture being predominant sector of the
economy proved to be the positive factor which provided the cushion during this crisis and it
is the only sector which contributed positively to the overall growth of the economy during
previous year. Food security of the country played an important role to face the pandemic
crisis and Punjab being bread basket of the nation provided favourable conditions to ensure
food self sufficiency of the nation. Punjab’s share in the central pool of rice and wheat has
been very significant despite small share of 1.53%, in total geographical area of India. In
2019-20 share of rice and wheat in central pool was 20.92% and 37.82 % respectively.
Livestock sector, which is less vulnerable to the vagaries of climate also witnessed a growth
of 4.76% in 2020-21 as compared to 6.5% over previous year despite adverse conditions
posed by reoccurring lockdowns.
Fight against COVID-19 demonstrated the importance of investing in public health system.
On the health front, the well developed health infrastructure (both physical and human)
proved to be a major strength of Punjab during pandemic. On most of indicators, Punjab
performs better than all India average.
On the educational front, despite closer of schools since March 2020 due to the COVID-19,
alternative arrangements were made to teach the students through various online methods. A
You Tube channel named “Edusat Punjab” was started. Punjab is a top ranker with the
highest proportion of schools buildings with a boundary wall and those approachable with
all-weather roads, in the country. Punjab showcases strong performance on various education
related outcomes indicators, like literacy rates, gross enrolment ratio and net enrolment ratio.
The low drop-out rates and high transition rates in the State are indicative of the fact that not
only has the State been successful in bringing children to school, but also ensuring that they
stay there.
Punjab also boasts of one of the lowest poverty rates in the country. With almost one-third of
its population belonging to SC, Punjab has the largest proportion of SCs in its total
population, across the country. In comparison to SCs across the country, SCs in Punjab have
much better performance on human development. The State performs better than national
averages in most of these indicators.
I thank Sh. Daljit Singh Mangat, IAS, Secretary Planning, Sh. Mohan Lal Sharma, Economic
Adviser, Sh. Harvinder Singh, Coordinator-Economic Survey and other officers of Economic
and Statistical Organization, who have worked with dedication in preparation of this
Economic Survey.
We hope that in coming period the sectors and sections adversely affected by the pandemic
will recover through the efforts of government and cooperation of public.

Raj Kamal Chaudhuri

 ;{ue
INDEX

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Contents Page No. ftPk ;{uh
N. BzL BzL

1. Macroeconomic overview 5-32 1. ft;fsqs nkofEe ;whfynk 189^217

Agriculture, Allied activities y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs feZs/ ns/ g/Av{

2. 33-64 2. 219^253
and Rural Development ftek;

3. Industrial Development 65-82 3. T[d:'fre ftek; 255^274

4. Service Sector 83-98 4. ;/tktK y/so 275^292

5. Urban Development 99-111 5. Pfjoh ftek; 293^306

6. Human Development 113-158 6. wB[Zyh ftek; 307^352

7. Public Finance 159-174 7. b'e ftZs 353^371

8. Governance 175-187 8. okI gqpzX 373^385

IV STATISTICAL TABLES i-lii IV i-lii

 Page
Contents No.

Chapter 1 Macroeconomic Overview 5

1.1 Economic Growth 5

1.2 Sectoral Performance 6
1.3 Economic growth and individual welfare 13
1.4 Inflation 13
1.5 Demography and employment 18

Chapter 2 Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 33

2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Performance of agriculture sector 34
2.3 Employment 35
2.4 Agriculture based Industries 35
2.5 Agricultural sub-sectors 36
2.6 Factors influencing agricultural performance 47
2.7 Institutions and infrastructure 57
2.8 Agricultural land holdings profile 60
2.9 Rural development 62

Chapter 3 Industrial Development 65

3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Performance 65
3.3 Index of industrial production 67
3.4 Employment 68
3.5 Capital formation 70
3.6 Selected industrial sub sectors:a closer look 72
3.7 Electricity, gas,water, supply and other utilities sector 76
3.8 Size based classification of industries 78
3.9 Various government initiatives taken to promote industries 80
Chapter 4 Services Sector 83

4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 Trade and repair 87
4.3 Tourism 89
4.4 Transport 91
4.5 Telecom 95
4.6 Financial services 96
4.7 Various government initiatives 98

Chapter 5 Urban Development 99

5.1 Urbanisation in Punjab 99

5.2 Urban infrastructure and its financing 106
5.3 Urban local government 109
5.4 Urban reforms 111

Chapter 6 Human Development 113

6.1 Introduction 114

6.2 Sustainable development goals 114
6.3 Healthcare and Nutrition 118
6.4 Education 131
6.5 Women empowerment 147
6.6 Uplifting of marginalized classes 153
6.7 Poverty 156
6.8 Environmental Challenges 158

Chapter 7 Public Finance 159

7.1 Overview 159

7.2 Revenue receipts 160
7.3 State expenditure 166
7.4 Public debt and other liabilities 172
7.5 Public financial management reform initiatives 174
Chapter 8 Governance 175

8.1 Introduction 175

8.2 Law and order 176
8.3 Combating corruption 178
8.4 E-governance 180
8.5 Transparency 185
8.6 Empowering local bodies 186

Annexures i-lii
 Chapter 1 Macroeconomic Overview

The year 2020 witnessed unrivalled turmoil with the COVID-19 virus and the resultant
pandemic emerging as the biggest threat to economic growth. The Pandemic is expected to
experience a contraction in GSDP at Punjab and at National level. Economic growth in Punjab is
expected to contract with National average in 2020-21 due to the Pandemic. During the initial
months of the pandemic when uncertainty was high and lockdowns imposed economic
restrictions. The spread and intensity of COVID-19 induced twin economic shock through impact
on output/Gross Value Added and employment.
The Pandemic outbreak brought social and economic life to a standstill. The Impact on
affected sectors, such as aviation, tourism, retail, capital markets, MSME’s and oil, International
and Internal mobility is restricted and the revenues generated by travel and tourism took a major
toll to the GSDP growth. Aviation revenues also came down. The crisis witnessed a horrifying
mass exodus of such floating population of migrants on foot, amidst countrywide lockdown. These
worries primarily were loss of jobs, daily ration and absence of social security.
The manufacturing sector was hit hard but has since picked up though mining still
remains impacted. Construction and Services sector were hit the hardest due to the pandemic
induced requirements of social distancing and minimising of personal interaction. Punjab though
sheltered by the relatively resilient agriculture sector is expected to experience informal labour
shocks in the services sector.
Agriculture is set to cushion the shock of the pandemic on the Punjab’s economy in
2020-21 with a growth rate of 6.30%. It is the only sector that has contributed positively to the
overall Gross State Value Added. This indicates that agricultural activities for rabi harvesting
and Kharif sowing were largely unaffected by the induced lockdown.

1.1 Economic growth

GSVA growth rates have witnessed a declining trend since
2016-17 both at national and Punjab state level. However, Punjab’s GSDP grew at an
real growth in GSVA in Punjab for 2019-20(Q) is same as the average rate of 5.75%
real GVA growth in India. A national level slow down, between 2015-16 and
especially in the manufacturing sector during 2019-20 has 2019-20.
have constrained the growth of the GSVA in the State as well.
Overall GSVA grew at 3.53% in 2019-20(Q), against 5.30% in 2018-19.
Economic Growth in Punjab has declined in the year 2019-20(Q) in line with national trends.
Figure 1 Punjab’s GSDP grew at 3.98% in 2019-20(Quick Estimates) as compared to 5.76% in 2018-
19(Provisional estimates)
As per the advance estimates for 2020-21growth rate of Punjab and at national level have contracted.
Despite the moderation in growth rates over the past few years, Punjab’s economy is expected to
contract in 2020-21. Since 2013-14, growth rate in Punjab was slower than the national average.
However, the estimates for 2020-21 indicate a shift in this trend. The advance estimates for 2020-21
indicate that contraction in GSDP of Punjab is 1.3% less as compared at all India level.
6 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Figure 1: Growth rate of Punjab's GSDP vis-a-vis India's GDP

Punjab's GSDP growth and National GSDP growth

9.0% 8.0% 8.3%

7.4%
8.0% 6.6% 6.8%
7.0%
5.5% 6.5%
6.0%
5.7% 6.9% 6.4%
5.0% 6.4%
5.3% 5.8% 4.0%
4.0%
4.2%
3.0%
4.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19(P) 2019-20(Q)

Punjab India

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab & MoSPI, Government of India

1.2 Sectoral performance

Like the national economy, the services sector has contributed the largest share in State’s gross value
added, in recent years (Table 1) Over past 5 years (2015-16 to 2019-20(Q)), services sector in Punjab
has contributed an average share of 46.5% annually. The natural transformation process of any
economy witnesses the services sector contributing the largest share as an economy progresses. With
higher per-capita incomes and more spending powers, the demand for services witnesses a rise, as
has been evident in the case of Punjab as well. Quick estimates for 2019-20 indicate a increase in the
share of services sector in Punjab’s GSVA to 47.18% in 2019-20(Q) from 46.48% in 2018-19(P).
Table 1: Sectoral growth rate, share and employment in Punjab's GSVA

Real Growth Rate Share in Nominal GSVA

Share in
Average Average Employment
2018-19 2019-20 2018- 2019-20
for 2012-13 for 2012-13 (2018-19)
(P) (Q) 19 (P) (Q)
to 2017-18 to 2017-18

Agriculture & allied

2.2% 1.7% 1.8% 29.2% 28.7% 28.7% 24.6%
sectors

Industry 5.1% 5.7% 1.1% 24.7% 24.8% 24.1% 35.4%

Services 7.3% 7.0% 5.6% 46.1% 46.5% 47.2% 40.0%

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab and PLFS 2018-19

Yet, unlike the national economy, agriculture and allied activities continue to contribute a large share
in Punjab’s overall value added, exceeding the share of industry. In 2019-20, agriculture and allied
sectors is expected to contribute a share of 28.68% of the Punjab’s GSVA. Since the Green
revolution in 1960s-1970s and mechanization of agriculture in Punjab, the State has grown to be the
bread basket of the country. The sector continues to be the driver of Punjab’s economy, pulling up the
industry and services sector in the State as well, as described in Box 1.
 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 7
Box 1: Agriculture sector driving Punjab’s growth

Relative to national trends, the sectoral composition of Punjab’s Gross Value Added is more
balanced, as mentioned before. Even though, services sector has grown to have the largest share,
industries and agriculture continue to have a significant share in the GVA. While the three sectors
are interlinked and progress in one impact the other sectors too, agriculture sector can be believed
to be the driving force for Punjab’s economy. The boom in Punjab’s economy during Green
Revolution is testimony of the role played by the sector in making Punjab one of the richest states
in the country.
Punjab continues to be an agrarian economy and exploratory analysis shows that agriculture sector
plays an important role in driving growth in other sectors. With a lag of a year, a unit’s rise in
agricultural product results in 1.4 units rise in services product and 1.77 units rise in industrial
product, which is two to three times the impact of other sectors. With majority of industries in
Punjab being agro-based, the growth in agriculture adds to the raw material for the industries.
Further, with Punjab producing a majority share of central pool of wheat and rice, transportation
of these cereals adds to the growth of services sector. Additionally, it should be noted that, with
higher agricultural income the demand for products from the industry and services sector products
grows, boosting the entire economy. It is evident that agriculture sector is the axis in the economy,
strongly impacting growth in other sectors and driving the economy.

Agriculture and allied sectors

Punjab has historically had an important role in bolstering India’s agriculture production and food
security. Along with Western Uttar Pradesh and Haryana, the state was at the forefront of the Green
Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s. Till today, it enjoys the status of being ‘India’s granary’ –
contributing towards 12.8% of the country’s rice production, and 18.2% of wheat production. Notably,
Punjab’s percentage share in the country’s area under cultivation of the two crops was 7%and
12%respectively1. This high yield, mechanised cultivation is a distinguishing characteristic of Punjab’s
agriculture. It also means that unlike at the all India level, where a 18.38% share in total value added,
translates into a 42.5% share in the country’s employment for the agriculture and allied sector, in
Punjab a 28.68% share in GSVA, translates into a more proportionate share of 24.6% in employment
(Box 2).

1
Data for 2018-19, available in Agriculture Statistics at a Glance, 2019.
8 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Box 2: Balanced output and employment structure in Punjab supported by mechanized agriculture
sector

A common trend observed across States in India is the dominance of services sector in State’s
GVA, followed by manufacturing and agriculture sector. However, in terms of employment, the
distribution of workers in the three sectors has been majorly skewed towards agriculture. A stark
mismatch in output and employment concentration of the three sectors is witnessed at the national
level and is presented in Table 2. Share of agriculture sector in India’s GVA stood at 18.38% as per
quick estimates for 2019-20, while the sector employed more than twice (42.5%) of the total labour
force. This mismatch indicates towards a labour intensive nature of agriculture sector and low per-
labour output at the national level. In contrast, services sector which is estimated to contribute
54.96% of India’s GVA in 2019-20, only occupied 32.4% of the total labour. This indicates towards
a probable case of jobless growth in service sector at the national level.
In a contrasting trend, the composition of output and employment in Punjab, across the three
sectors, is relatively much more balanced. Contributing over 28.68% of the GVA of the state in
2019-20 (Q), agriculture and allied activities employed 24.6% of the labour force in the State. Use
of advanced technologies like farm equipment and relatively expensive HYV seeds and fertilisers
has pushed various farmers towards other sectors. This has ensured towards a more balanced
distribution of workers and higher per-labour output in all sectors, in comparison to the national
level trends. Services sector with a share of 47.18% of Punjab’s GVA, as per quick estimates of
2019-20, employs 40.0% of the State’s labour.
Table 2: Sector-wise composition of GVA (2019-20Q) and employment (2018-19)

Employment Share (2018-19) Share in GVA (2019-20Q)

Punjab

Agriculture & allied activities 24.6% 28.68%

Industry 35.4% 24.11%

Services 40.0% 47.18%

India

Agriculture & allied activities 42.5% 18.38%

Industry 25.1% 26.66%

Services 32.4% 54.96%

Source: PLFS 2018-19 and Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Hence, it is not a surprise that the NABARD All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS)
2016-17, found that among all the states, agricultural households in Punjab reported the highest
average monthly income (Rs. 23,133), with Haryana coming a distant second (Rs. 18,946)
(NABARD, 2018)2. It also means, that the general conception that agrarian states record low per

2
NABARD (2018). All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) 2016-17. Available at
https://www.nabard.org/auth/writereaddata/tender/1608180417NABARD-Repo-16_Web_P.pdf
 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 9

capita income does not hold true for Punjab. In fact, it is a rare state that enjoys both a high share of
agriculture in total GSVA and a high overall per capita income.
In recent years however, Punjab has experienced uneven growth in agriculture, especially in crop
cultivation. GVA growth of the agriculture and allied sector for the year 2018-19 and 2019-20 slowed
down to 1.74% and 1.81% from 2.2% average growth rate from 2012-13 to 2017-18(Table 3). This
slowdown was most noticeable in the crop husbandry sector, where GVA witnessed a negative growth
rate. The slowdown may also be symptomatic of long-term trends in crop cultivation. For instance,
while paddy cultivation contracted in 2019-20, area under paddy cultivation marginally increased.
Hence, a fall in yield was to be blamed. This stagnation also seems to hold true for wheat cultivation,
as can be seen in Figure 2 below. Since the 2000s, the area and yield of paddy and wheat have both
plateaued. Potential reasons for this could be diminishing marginal returns especially in the backdrop
of low investment ratios though this needs to be explored in more detail (Box 3). Crop diversification
is likely to be the way forward.
Table 3: Growth rates and share of agriculture and allied sectors (2012-13 to 2019-20Q)
Real Growth Rate Share in Nominal GSVA
Average
Average for
for 2012- 2018-19 2019-20 2018-19 2019-
2012-13 to
13 to (P) (Q) (P) 20 (Q)
2017-18
2017-18
Agriculture& 2.2% 1.7% 1.8% 29.2% 28.7% 28.7%
allied sectors
Crops 1.0% -0.4% -1.0% 17.6% 16.4% 15.8%

Livestock 5.1% 5.8% 6.5% 8.8% 9.9% 10.5%

Forestry &
0.9% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.1% 2.0%
Logging
Fishing 5.9% 0.3% 12.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3%

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Figure 2: Area and yield of paddy and wheat in Punjab
7000
Paddy 6000
Wheat
6000
5000
5000 4000
4000 3000
3000 2000
2000 1000
1000 0
1960-61
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
1995-96
2000-01
2005-06
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2019-20

0
1950-51
1960-61
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
1995-96
2000-01
2005-06
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2019-20

Area ('000s ha) Yield (kg/ha) Area ('000s ha) Yield (kg/ha)

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

10 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Future growth in the agriculture is also likely to come from
the allied sectors – which are promisingly, increasing their Livestock sector holds
share in agriculture GSVA. Share of livestock sub-sector in significant promise to
State’s GVA has consistently grown over the years to reach overall economic
10.5% in 2019-20(Q) and the sub-sector has witnessed prosperity in Punjab given
consistent high growth in the recent past. Over the last 3 the constraints faced in
years, growth in livestock sub-sector has been the highest other Agri sub-sectors.
amongst all sub-sectors in agriculture sector. Efforts of the
Government in livestock through various national and state-level initiatives highlight the state’s focus
on boosting the growth of this sub-sector.
Box 3: Investment growth in Punjab

Investment enters GDP from the demand side – in the year in which the investment is made,
GDP is higher by the extent of the investment demand. Moreover, investment in terms of
machinery, capital etc., also predispose an economy to future growth. This is one area where
Punjab has scope to improve.
In 2018-19, Gross Capital Formation (GCF) was 14.1% of GSDP in the state. It is also
instructive to look at these ratios sector-wise (Figure 3). Not surprisingly, the industry sector has
the highest GCF to GSVA ratio – based on the nature of the industry. Services, by nature of the
industry and also often being informal in nature also have relatively low investment ratios.
However, both these sectors showed an improvement in the investment ratio between 2011-12
and 2018-19.
Figure 3: GCF to GSVA ratio – industry and services

33.2%
28.7%

14.5%
12.7%

Industry Services
2011-12 2018-19

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Government of Punjab

Industry Sector
Driven by the manufacturing sub-sector, the industrial sector has been witnessing a contraction in its
growth rate in the past two years. Quick estimates for 2019-20 indicate that growth in the sector is
expected to decline to 0.07% the trends in industry sector mimic the growth at national level.
Manufacturing is not only the highest contributor to GSVA growth within the industrial sector, but
also among the top overall sub-sectors, second to cropping sector (Table 4). The focus on agriculture
sector has led to ancillary industries like food processing and textiles to come up in Punjab. The state,
 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 11

today, is a leading producer of apparels, woolen knitwear and sports good. Ludhiana city has emerged
as the largest manufacturing cluster in north India. Further, light engineering (production of bicycles
and auto parts) is an important industry in Punjab. Efforts of the State government to set up various
textile parks and light engineering parks are expected to revive the growth of industries in the state.
Industry and services are estimated to grow by 1.13 percent and 5.60 percent during the year 2019-
20(Q). Within industry mining is estimated to grow by 17.79% manufacturing by 0.07% and
construction by 1.84%. The electricity, gas and utility sector has shown a sharp recovery and
registered a positive growth of 4.13% in 2019-20. Punjab is also strategically placed to harness solar
electricity. Various initiatives have been undertaken to boost growth of renewable energy resources in
the State.
Table 4: Growth rates and share of industry sector (2012-13 to 2019-20Q)

Real Growth Rate Share in Nominal GSVA

Average
Average for
for 2012- 2018- 2019- 2018- 2019-
2012-13 to
13 to 19(P) 20(Q) 19(P) 20(Q)
2017-18
2017-18

Industry 5.1% 5.7% 1.1% 24.7% 24.8% 24.1%

Mining &
39.2% 6.1% 17.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Quarrying

Manufacturing 5.5% 4.8% 0.1% 14.2% 13.8% 13.2%

Electricity,
Gas, Water
Supply & 9.9% 6.0% 4.1% 3.6% 4.3% 4.3%
other Utility
Services

Construction 2.1% 7.6% 1.8% 6.9% 6.7% 6.5%

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Services Sector
Consistent with national trends, services sector contributes the largest share to Punjab’s GVA and is
also the fastest growing sector. The sector has consistently contributed a share of over 46% of the
State’s GVA and witnessed a growth over 7% over the six-year period between 2012-13 and 2017-18.
In 2018-19 the sector also grew at 7% (Table 5). Quick estimates for 2019-20 indicate that the sector
will continue to contribute a share of over 47.18% and a growth of 5.60%.It is interesting to note, that
apart from financial services, all other sub-sectors in services sector have grown at over 6% since
2012-13 (on average). Within services sector trade, hotels and restaurant, transport, storage &
communication is estimated to grow by 4.27% and 3.66% respectively in 2019-20(Q). Punjab, though
sheltered by the relatively resilient agricultural sector, is expected to experience informal labour
shocks in the services sector during lockdowns.
Complimentary to light engineering industries, trade and repair services have contributed almost 11%
of Punjab’s service sector GSVA, year after year. Propelled by high growth rates, however, ‘Other
12 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
services’ have now surpassed this share. Real estate is the other important contributor to GSVA with a
share of 9% over the last eight years and consistently rising growth rate in the recent past.
Punjab has further potential to boost the services sector, especially in the domain of tourism. Amritsar
is a popular destination for tourists from within and outside India. More than 70% of total tourist
arrivals in Punjab are in Amritsar. The city provides scope for both heritage and rural tourism to
develop in the state. Further, the state is growing to be a popular destination for medical tourism.
Jalandhar has various nursing homes equipped with modern technologies, and is thus, emerging to be
a popular medical tourism destination, especially amongst Non-Resident Indians (NRI).
Table 5: Growth rates and shares of services sector (2012-13 to 2019-20Q)

Real Growth Rate Share in Nominal GSVA

Average
Average
for
for 2012- 2018- 2019- 2018- 2019-
2012-13
13 to 19(P) 20(Q) 19(P) 20(Q)
to 2017-
2017-18
18

Services 7.3% 7.0% 5.6% 46.1% 46.5% 47.2%

Trade, Repair,
Hotels & 7.6% 6.8% 4.3% 10.8% 10.9% 11.0%
Restaurants
Transport,
Storage,
Communication
6.8% 6.5% 3.7% 5.4% 5.3% 5.3%
& services
related to
broadcasting
Financial
4.4% 5.6% 5.1% 5.3% 5.1% 5.0%
Services
Real Estate,
Ownership of
dwellings & 7.0% 6.6% 4.6% 9.3% 9.2% 9.3%
professional
services
Public
7.0% 5.4% 7.7% 5.2% 5.0% 5.0%
Administration

Other Services 9.3% 9.1% 8.0% 10.0% 11.0% 11.6%

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 13

1.3 Economic growth and individual welfare

SDG Indicator 8.1.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita
On average, the per capita GSDP (at current prices) in Punjab is estimated to be Rs. 1,79,163 in 2019-
20(Q), showing a growth rate of 4.43% over 2018-19. This implies an average monthly GSDP of Rs.
14,930 in 2019-20. In per-capita income terms (which is ratio of NSDP and population), estimated
per-capita income is Rs. 1,61,083 in 2019-20(Q), 1.20 times the per capita income reported at the all
India level.
Intra-state trends in per-capita income Punjab estimates per-
capita income of
Roopnagar, SAS Nagar and Ludhiana are the leading
Rs.1,61,083 in 2019-20
districts, in terms of per capita income since 2013-14.
in comparison with
As of 2017-18, Roopnagar reported a per capita
Rs.1,34,186 at all-India
income (in current prices) of Rs. 182,552; Ludhiana
level.
reported per capita income of Rs. 168,706 and SAS
Nagar reported Rs. 162,143. Interestingly, Roopnagar
is an agrarian district with 30% of its Gross District
Value Added (GDVA) coming from the agriculture and allied sector. SAS Nagar and Ludhiana are
however, powered by manufacturing, contributing 27% and 27% respectively to the respective GDVA
in 2017-18. On the other hand, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran districts report the lowest per-capita
income in the State. Restrictions on economic activities and border tensions have constrained growth
of these districts.

1.4 Inflation
Economists believe that very high rates of inflation and hyperinflation are harmful, and are caused by
an excessive growth of the money supply. Views on which factors determine low to moderate rates of
inflation are more varied. Low or moderate inflation may be attributed to fluctuations
in real demand for goods and services, or changes in available supplies such as
during scarcities. However, the consensus view is that a long sustained period of inflation is caused by
money supply growing faster than the rate of economic growth.
Inflation Trends
Inflationary environment in the State has been benign over the last few years, fluctuating within the
RBI target range of 2% to 6%. The recent inflation numbers, although, show a divergence from the
past trends. Inflation has been on the rise in Punjab (Figure 4). Post October, 2020, inflation rate has
fallen rapidly at the State and national level, upholding RBI’s 6% target in December 2020. This was
largely on account of decreasing food inflation. It should be noted that, contrary to popular belief,
mild levels of inflation are considered good for the economy, by promoting consumption and thus,
production.
14 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Figure 4: Inflation (CPI General Index) in Punjab and India

Inflation environment in the State has been benign over the

8 last few year
7
6
5 3.8
3.7 5.1 5.8 5.7 5.7
4 5.3 5.4
5.0
3 4.4 2.9
2
1
0

Jul-20

Aug-20

Sep-20

Nov-20

Dec-20
2016-17

2017-18

2018-19

2019-20

Jun-20

Oct-20
Punjab India

Source: MoSPI, Government of INDIA

Food and Non-Food Inflation

Food prices in recent months of the year 2020-21 has shown fluctuation as compared to 2019-20.
As seen food inflation rose in 2019-20 in Punjab and India, both. However, the scenario has reversed
in 2020-21, with decline rates of inflation (Figure 5). In December 2020, food inflation reached 0%
in Punjab. Due to corona virus Pandemic figure for months of April, 2020 to July, 2020 is not
available. Inflation of fruits, vegetables, cereals & products and milk & products, has decreased
affecting food inflation moving downward trend especially in December 2020. Food inflation has
been driven by almost all its sub-components. Fruits price inflation has of course, been the most
visible phenomenon with prices in December 2020 being -0.3% lower than those prevailing at the
same time in the previous year. There has also been steady decrease in prices of sugar and
confectionery, from April to December 2020. Milk and products, vegetables, cereals and products
have similarly seen decrease in inflation. Dramatic increase has been seen in spices prices in 2020-21.

Figure 5: Food and beverages inflation in Punjab vis a- vis India

Food inflation has been witnessing a decline

12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Aug-20 Sep-20 Oct-20 Nov-20 Dec-20

Punjab India

Source: MoSPI, Government of India

In terms of non-food inflation, Transport and Communication, clothing and Personal care inflation
have increased (Figure 6). The worrisome trend is the high inflation in “clothing” (5.1%), “transport”
(10.8%) and personal care services (7.6%) which are essential commodities/services for enjoying
decent quality of life. Health, housing and Pan and tobacco etc have seen a deflation.
 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 15

Figure 6: Inflation in various non food items in Punjab

15%
10.8% Inflation in Non food items has decreased
12%
9% 7.6%
5.4% 5.2% 6.0%
4.3% 5.1%
6% 4.2%
1.4% 2.1% 2.4%
3%
0%
communication

Recreation
Footwear

Clothing

Housing

HH goods & services

Health
Education

Pan, tobacco etc

Fuel & light

Personal Care
-3%
Transport &

2019-20 2020-21 (Aug, 20 to Dec,20)

Source: MoSPI, Government of India

Spatial variation in inflation trends

Urban inflation in Punjab exceeds Rural inflation in the year 2020, but rural inflation
overtaking urban inflation from 2016-17 to 2019-20. A reversal in the trend, at the national level,
has been observed since the past financial 2019-20 year with urban inflation overtaking rural inflation
and similar trend observed upto Dec., 2020 in FY 2020-21(Figure 7). Punjab continues to have a
positive rural-urban differential in 2019-20 and negative rural-urban differential in 2020-21 (till Dec
2020).
Figure 7: Rural-urban inflation differential in punjab vis-a-vis India

Rural-Urban inflation differential in Punjab and India

3.0%

2.0%

1.0%

0.0%
2016-17

2017-18

2018-19

(June20 to
2019-20

2020-21

-1.0%
Dec,20)

-2.0% India Punjab

Source: MoSPI, Government of India

This is on account of non-food inflation in urban Punjab exceeding the non-food inflation in Rural
Punjab, across various products. The differential is most significant in the category of Recreation and
amusement, where urban inflation till Dec 2020 averaged 6.1%. In contrast, rural inflation in the same
category was 4.7%. Similarly, inflation in education, and personal care are higher in rural than urban
areas. It should be noted that in Punjab, as per the national trends, urban food inflation has exceeded
rural food inflation from August, 2020 onward. This was largely on account of wide differentials in
rural-urban decrease in sugar confectionery, milk and products, vegetables, cereals and product,
spices.
16 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Drivers of Inflation
Miscellaneous items are the largest contributors to inflation in rural and urban Punjab during the
2019-20 and 2020-21(August, 2020 to December, 2020). While food inflation in Punjab has been
relatively lower than non-food inflation over the years, the recent upward trend in Non food inflation
and the high weightage attached to Non food items, has made it an important contributor to the
inflation in the State. Further, with high inflation in miscellaneous items like personal care goods has
led to significantly impacting the inflation in Punjab.
Rising Non food inflation has also removed disparities in contributors to inflation in rural and urban
areas (Figure 8) Miscellaneous products are the next highest contributor to inflation with 57% in rural
areas and 35% in urban areas, during the first three quarters of 2020-21. Interestingly, clothing and
footwear have risen to be an important contributor to urban inflation in 2020-21 with its contribution
growing from 4% in 2019-20 (till February) to 7% during 2020-21(Aug.-Dec, 2020). Apart from
these, housing has also been an important contributor to inflation in urban areas of Punjab.
Figure 8: Drivers of inflation in rural and urban Punjab
Year 2020-21 (till
Rural Year 2020-21(till dec,2020) dec.,2020) Urban Food and
Food and
beverages beverages
Pan;tobacoo;
Pan;tobacoo; and intoxicants
and intoxicants
Fuel and light
Fuel and light
Clothing and
footwear
Clothing and
footwear Miscellaneous

Miscellaneous Year 2019-20 Year 2019-20

Housing

Source: MoSPI, Government of India

Public Distribution System in Punjab

Punjab is amongst the leading states in the country to implement the National Food Security Act,
2013 w.e.f. December, 2013. The atta Dal scheme being run by the Department of Food Civil
supplies & Consumer Affairs, Punjab was brought under the ambit of NFSA, 2013 and it was
renamed as Smart Ration Card Scheme in the year 2017.
The State Government procures wheat required for distribution to beneficiaries of this scheme under
De-centralized procurement (DCP) and the same is being stored at approx. 527 dedicated DCP
godowns and is distributed bi-annually through network of 17186 fair price shop dealers. The
beneficiaries of this scheme are distributed wheat @ Rs. 2/- per Kg as per their entitlement in 30 Kg
bags. The priority household beneficiaries (PHH) get 5 Kg wheat per month and Anna Antodaya
Yojana (AAY) beneficiary families get 35 Kg wheat per month. The State Government distributes
8.70 lakh MT wheat annually to 1.4145 crore beneficiaries.
At present, subsidized wheat is being distributed to 36.57 lakh beneficiary families (Approx. 140.72
lakh beneficiaries) as per allocation for the period from April, 2020 to September, 2020. The details of
the beneficiaries are available on transparency portal http:// www.foodsuppb.gov.in the Department
of Food Civil supplies & Consumer Affairs, Punjab. About 99% of ration cards/beneficiaries have
been seeded with Aadhaar numbers. Online monitoring of distribution is available on portal
epos.punjab.gov.in
In order to bring transparency, wheat is distributed to the beneficiaries in the presence of Government
functionaries, panchayat member/councilors and members of vigilance committees.
 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 17
Three tier Grievance Redressal Mechanism is in place viz-internal, external and through State Food
Commission for redressal of grievances of the beneficiaries. Additional Deputy Commissioners of the
State have been designated as District Grievance Redressal Officers for Redressal of grievances of the
beneficiaries.
To ensure transparency and efficiency in the distribution of food grains under NFSA-2013, under End
to End Computerization of TPDS, automation of FPS, Supply Chain Management was implemented.
From April, 2018 onwards, wheat is being distributed to eligible beneficiaries through e-PoS devices
after Aadhaar authentication/IRIS scanner. The Department has procured 1917 e-PoS devices for this
purpose.
State Government undertakes verification/re-verification of beneficiaries from time to time to ensure
that only eligible beneficiaries get the benefits of this scheme.

Table 6: Detail of distribution of wheat from October, 2017 to December, 2020 through FPS
dealers is as under:

Detail of Wheat Distributed from 2017 to 2020 to NFSA beneficiaries

Wheat Pulses
District Wheat distributed
S.No Category Time period distributed distributed
covered (Kgs)
(MTs) (MTs)
Oct 2017 to
1 NFSA 4 10434946.00 10434.95 NA
March 2018
April 2018
2 NFSA to Sept 22 380542501.50 380542.50 NA
2018
Oct 2018
3 NFSA to March 22 383975358.99 383975.36 NA
2019
April 2019
4 NFSA to Sept 22 387094825.40 387094.83 NA
2019
Oct 2019 to
5 NFSA 22 386227257.00 386227.26 NA
March 2020
April 2020
6 NFSA to Sept 22 413533268.37 413533.27 NA
2020

Total of NFSA 1961808157.26 1961808.16 0.00

PMGKAY April 2020 to

7 22 201639200.00 201639.20 10407.29
-1 June 2020
July 2020 to
PMGKAY
8 November 22 334143600.00 334143.60 17108.82
-2
2020

Gross Total (NFSA + PMGKAY ) 2497590957.26 2497590.96 27516.11

Source: Department of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs, Government of Punjab

Department of Food Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs has successfully implemented ONE
NATION ONE RATION CARD scheme which is aimed for the benefit of migrants who have to
frequently change their place of residence for employment purpose. In addition to this, during
distribution cycle from April, 2020 to September, 2020, under intra State portability 174847
18 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
transactions were conducted i.e. ration card holders of the Punjab State has availed the facility of
getting food grains from the Fair Price Shop of their choice.
In order to mitigate the difficulties of the beneficiaries in carrying the physical ration card/Aadhaar
card, the State of Punjab has introduced Chip based Smart Ration Card which will eliminate the
physical cards and the beneficiaries will have to carry only Smart Ration Card to get their entitled
quota of food grains from any Fair Price Shop of their choice. Till 05-02-2021 34,38,792 Smart
Ration Cards (with chip) have been handed over to the District Controllers, Food Civil Supplies &
Consumer Affairs, in the State of Punjab for onward distribution among the beneficiaries.

1.5 Demography and employment

In this section, we discuss population trends in Punjab that have an implication for the labour force
and employment. These include demographic change, sex ratio and migration trends. We then discuss
the employment trends being witnessed in Punjab.
Demographic Trends
It is observed that population Figure 9: Decadal population growth rates in Punjab and
growth rates have slowed down India
in Punjab, on the back of Lower decadal population growth in Punjab
declining birth rates and fertility.
Declining birth rates have not only
led to population growth rates 25% 25% 24%
falling in Punjab over time, the 22% 22%
18%
decline has been sharper for the 24%
22% 22% 21%
State than at the all India level. The 20%
decadal growth rate of Punjab was 14%
14 percent during the period 2001-
2011 in comparison to all India
level leading to annual population
1951-1961 1961-1971 1971-1981 1981-1991 1991-2001 2001-2011
growth rate in Punjab over the
period 2001 to 2011 was 1.4% as Punjab India
compared to 1.8% at the all India Source: Handbook of State Statistics, RBI
level (Figure 9). Fertility rates have
also declined concomitantly. India and Punjab both had fertility rates of 5.2 in 1971. As of 2018 the
rate stands at 2.2 for India and 1.6 for Punjab, falling below of the replacement level fertility rate of
2.1%. At the same time, death rates have also declined, though registering a marginal increase
between 2011 and 2018.
These trends have contributed to a demographic shift in Punjab with a consistent increase in the
population in the working age group, i.e., between 15 and 64 years of age. This can also be seen from
Figure 10, where from 1991 to 2017, the bulge in the age-sex pyramids moves from the bracket of
zero to 14 years to 10 to 24 for males and 15 to 29 for females. It should be noted, that the
demographic shift for females is relatively faster, as compared to males in Punjab. Table 7 highlights
that the working age population (15 to 64 years) in Punjab has grown from 60.1% of the population to
71.8% of the population in 2017. At the same time, the percentage of population in the older age
group (i.e., above 65 years of age) is also increasing.
Table 7: Distribution of Punjab's population in various age groups
Age (years) 1991 2011 2017
Working Age 15 to 64 60.1% 67.7% 71.8%
Youth 15 to 29 28.3% 29.1% 30.4%
 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 19

Stepping into working age 14.8%

5 to 14 23.3% 17.9%
in next decade

Old Age Over 65 5.0% 6.7% 7.1%

Source: Census of India, 1991 and 2011; Sample Registration Survey, 2017
Figure 10: Shift in age structure in Punjab (1991 to 2017)

Source: Census of India, 1991 and 2011, Sample Registration Survey, 2017
This demographic shift raises two concerns. First, the presence of a large working age population
does not automatically translate into an economic advantage. Instead, skilling and employment
opportunities, matching the aspirations of the youth, need to be provided to ensure that the population
bulge transforms into a demographic dividend. Second, with higher population in older age groups,
Punjab would have to invest in health care and social security initiatives to cater to the needs of the
growing dependent population, apart from the initiatives the state undertakes for welfare of children
and disabled. Both these aspects are important, in the face of limited fiscal space. As discussed in
Chapter 7: Public Finance, Punjab has significant committed expenditure which requires careful
carving out of space for these initiatives.

Sex Ratio
An IMF staff study has found that women’s participation in the labour force has significant
economic gains for two reasons. Firstly, increased diversity at the workplace allows for wider
perspectives and innate differential skills to be brought on board, thus improving productivity.
Secondly, as an economy grows, employment opportunities increase in the service sector which is
inherently more conducive for inclusive employment. However, social or other barriers to women’s
20 Punjab Economic Survey 2020
2020-21
entry into the labour force could slow the process of increased employment and output (Ostry et al,
n.d)3. One measure of such social barriers is the sex ratio, that reflects sex discrimination at birth.
Although historically Punjab has adverse sex ratio yet it has improved significantly dur during the
decade between 2005-07 07 to 2016-18.
2016 . Conscious and consistent efforts by the State Government
have resulted in raising the sex ratio. Punjab’s sex ratio rose from 837 in 2005
2005-07
07 to 890 in 2016
2016-18.
In contrast, the national sex ratio declined from 901 in 2005-07 to 899 in 2016-18. 18. In comparison,
with other 18 States, Punjab has been the top performer with an improvement of 53 women per
thousand men, as presented in Figure 11 11, followed by the second top performer, Madhya Pradesh,
which improved its sex ratio by 12 women per thousand men.. Most of the remaining states have
witnessed a decline in sex ratio, over these 10 years. It is worth noting that despite the significant
improvement in sexx ratio, Punjab continues to be below the national average.
Figure 11: Sex-ratio
ratio in Punjab relative to other states

Source: Detailed Tables, Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2018

Figure 12: Sex ratio in rural and urban Punjab

Urban and rural population have showed improvement in sex ratio

950
900
850
800
750

Rural Urban

Source: Sample Registration Survey, Multiple years

It is observed that sex ratio has shown improvement in both rural and urban areas, as presented in
Figure 12,, with urban Punjab performing better than rural Punjab. Higher level of awareness, higher
literacy and stricter medical regulations in urban areas play a significant role in the higher sex ratio

3
https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/SDN/2018/SDN1806.ashx
 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 21

observed in urban areas. Punjab’s Sex ratio has recorded a decline marginally from 876 to 874 from
2005-07 to 2015-17 but it increased to 878 in 2016-18. In contrast, urban Punjab witnessed an
improvement in sex ratio from 905 in 2015-17 to 908 in 2016-18.

Migration trends in Punjab

Punjab is the unique state which attract high in-migration from other States .As per 2011 Census
data, over 24 lac people (24, 88,299) from states across the country migrated to Punjab. This was
5.3% of total migrants within India. This makes Punjab the state with 8th largest share of migrants
from other states. Majority of these migrants were females, with a share of 55.2%. Most of the in-
migrants to the state settled in industrial city Ludhiana and SAS Nagar.
Gender wise reason for in-migration Figure 13: Distribution of migrants based on purpose for
to Punjab varies. Males migrated to shifting
Punjab in search of work/employment
opportunities, majority of the females While males migrate for employment
purposes, females migrate for marital purposes
shifted for marital purposes, as
presented in Figure 13. Similar trend
is observed across the country. Uttar 11.7% Work/employment
18.4%
Pradesh is the leading state in terms
of migration to Punjab with a share of Business
27.7%
26.1%. Majority of the migrants from 23.9%
Education
UP and Bihar come to Punjab in
search of employment opportunities. Marriage
These people work as casual labour in
farms or daily wage earners, and thus, Moved after birth
are subjected to poor working 50.4%
Moved with
conditions. The high influx of 46.4% household
population from other states in search Others
of employment opportunities puts
pressure on the labour market in the
State and requires interventions to Males Females
ensure availability of appropriate
employment opportunities. Source: Census of India 2011
22 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Box 4: The search for greener pastures

Diaspora amongst Punjabis, especially the youth is a well-known fact across the State. A variety
of push and pull factors are at play which have resulted in the youth, leaving their hometowns in
search of greener pastures abroad. Better standards of living in the developed economies like
Canada, USA, Australia and UK is the biggest pull factor attracting the high aspirational youths
in the State.
On the other hand, a rising number of push factors are also at play. Lack of employment
opportunities which suit the aspirations and qualifications of Punjabis is one of the leading
reasons. This is substantiated by the fact that of the total 265249 applicants to the
Unemployment Bureau in 2020 (as of 31st December), 88% are educated (matriculate and
above) and 50% were categorized as skilled. This indicates that a possible mismatch exists
between the jobs available and the aspirations/qualifications of the applicants, forcing a brain
drain from the State. As agricultural growth reaches a plateau, a large proportion of children of
these farmers have been migrating abroad in search of employment opportunities. Surveys
highlight that more and more farmers (especially small and marginal farmers) have been selling
their lands to fund the migration of their children abroad.
A combination of these pull and push factors have resulted in brain drain from the State and high
unemployment amongst the youth (as mentioned ahead).

Another interesting trend observed in Punjab is the high diaspora amongst Punjabis (especially
the youth).A large share of Punjabis migrates outside the country in search of better employment
opportunities. The various push and pull factors leading to the high diaspora are discussed in

Box 4. Canada, USA and UK have historically been the top destinations amongst migrants. However,
countries like Spain and Italy are now emerging as preferred destinations as well. High Diaspora
opens doors to remittance income for Punjabis. RBI’s inward remittance survey 2016-17 highlights
that 1.7% of the total inwards remittance was directed towards Punjab, ranking 10th out of all states
and UTs.
Various government initiatives to promote welfare and social security
Social Security Schemes - support to the citizen from womb to old age
State Government department of Social Security and Women & Child Development plays a vital role
in providing support to the citizen from womb to old age. The department provides financial
assistance to the elderly, widows and destitute women, dependent children and disabled persons for
their subsistence under the Social Security Schemes. A sum of Rs.2621.70 crore has been proposed
for 29.13 lac beneficiaries during the year 2020-21. A Sum of Rs. 2622.17 crore has been proposed
for the year 2021-22.
Old Age Pension Scheme
Punjab has 2866000 old age population which constitutes 10.3 % of total population. To support the
old age persons an amount of Rs. 1558.10 crore was approved for the year 2020-21 against which a
sum of Rs. 1012.56 crore has been spent up to 31.12.2020 to cover 17.50 lakh beneficiaries.
 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 23

Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension (IGNOAPS)

This scheme was started on 16-8-1995 by govt. of India. The age of the applicant shall be 60 year or
higher. Applicant must belong to a household below the poverty line.An amount of Rs.5400.00 lacs
was approved for the year 2020-21, against which 3199.42 lakhs expenditure has been incurred up to
31.12.2020.
Celebration of International day for Older Persons
To provide us an opportunity to acknowledge the contribution, wisdom, dignity and needs of our
senior citizens and to re-dedicate ourselves to their well-being Ist October of every year is celebrated
as the International Day of Older Persons (IDOP) around the world in pursuance of a UN General
Assembly resolution of December 1990 for elderly.Eminent older persons are felicitated on this
occasion.For the year 2019-20 the approved outlay was Rs. 30.00 lacs against which a sum of Rs.
30.00 lacs were spent. For the year 2020-21 the outlay is Rs. 30.00 lacs, out of which Rs.2.58 lacs
expenditure has been incurred upto 31.12.2020. The budget provision of Rs. 30.00 lacs has been
proposed for the year 2021-22.
Facilities to Senior Citizens
The department issue identity cards to Sr. citizens having the age of 60 years and above under the
scheme.
• Three seats per bus will be reserved in Punjab Roadways/P.R.T.C. buses,
• Separate queues for Sr. Citizen in all the OPD,s in civil Hospitals,
• Separate queues for Sr. Citizen for payment of electricity/water bills,
• Any other benefits extending to Sr. citizen by the Punjab Government from time to time.
Punjab Financial Assistance to Acid Victim Scheme, 2017
Effective since June 2017, the main objective of the Scheme is to provide financial assistance to
females who due to acid attack, have been rendered disabled. The acid attack victim should be
resident of Punjab State to be covered under the scheme, The application is to be submitted by the
District Social Security Officer, supported with medical certificate duly issued by the Civil Surgeon of
the concerned district to the effect that the applicant, due to acid attack, has been rendered disabled
as defined under Section 2(1) of the Persons with Disabilities (Equal opportunities Protection of
Rights of Full Participation) Act. Each victim is paid Rs 8,000 /- every month an amount of Rs 20 Lac
has been earmarked for 2018-19, 20 lac for 2019-20 and Rs 24 Lacs for the financial year 2020-21.
Financial Assistance to Widow and Destitute Women
An amount of Rs. 428.07 crore was approved for the year 2020-21 under “Financial Assistance to
Widow and Destitute Women”, against which a sum of Rs. 313.32 crore has been spent 31.12.2020 to
cover 513000 beneficiaries.
Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme
This scheme was started on 20-2-2009 by Government of India. The age of the widow shall be
between 40-59 years. The applicant must belong to a household below the poverty line. An amount of
Rs.7.50 crore was approved for the year 2020-21 against which an expenditure of Rs. 4.59 crore has
been incurred upto 31.12.2020 to cover 17967 beneficiaris.
24 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Financial Assistance to Dependent Children
To support the dependent children an amount of Rs. 145.71 crore was approved for the year 2020-21,
Out of which a sum of Rs 104.11 crore has been spent to cover 189000 beneficiaries.
Integrated Child Protection Scheme
Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) was launched by Ministry of Women and Child
Development, Government of India, New Delhi on 26-11-2010 after the approval of council of
ministers. This scheme relates to bringing the existing 15 homes under the Juvenile Justice (Care &
Protection of Children) Act, 2000 and Child Protection Programmers under one umbrella. An amount
of Rs.20.00 crore was allocated under this, scheme, against which a sum of Rs. 10.74 crore has been
spent upto 31.12.2020 for the financial year 2020-21.
Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS)
For overall development of children this scheme was launched in 1975 on experimental basis. Under
this scheme, 27,314 Anganwadi Centers are being run in 155 ICDS blocks (146 Rural and 9 Urban) of
the State. For this scheme, a budget provision of Rs 446.35 crore was made against which 197.26
crore has been spent upto 31.12.2020 for the financial year 2020-21.
Financial Assistance to Disabled Persons
To provide financial support under this scheme an amount of Rs. 187.33 crore was approved for the
year 2020-21 against which an expenditure of Rs. 136.82 crore has been made to cover 258000
beneficiaries.
Indira Gandhi National Disabled Pension Scheme
This scheme was started on 20-2-2009 by Government of India. The age of the disabled shall be
between 20-59 years. The applicant must belong to a household below the poverty line. An amount of
Rs. 2.00 crore was approved for the year 2020-21 against which an expenditure of Rs. 1.47 crore has
been spent.
Rights of persons with Disability Act, 2016
‘The Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (P.W.D. Act)’ is being implemented by the State
Government. Under the Act, two committees namely State Coordination Committee and State
Executive Committee have been constituted. As on 19-4-2017 Social Security and Women & Child
Development department as Nodal Department has identified total 899 posts, out of which 287 have
been filled by disabled people.Disabled Students up to 8th standard get Rs.200/- per month and above
9th standard get Scholarship of Rs.300/- per month for their studies.
Regional Spinal Injury Centre, Mohali (RSIC)
Under this programme the Government of Punjab has set up a Regional Spinal Injuries Centre in
Mohali. This Centre was started in the year 1999-2000 . For setting up of the centre, a piece of 5 acre
land has been taken from Puda @ Rs.1.45 lacs per year on lease basis. This Centre is providing
benefit to the people of the States of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and
Union Territory of Chandigarh. This Centre is working for the benefit of the people belonging to the
handicapped category i.e. deaf, dumb, blind and orthopedically handicapped persons. This Centre is
providing physiotherapy services and other treatments related to spinal cord services to the needy
patients.
During the year 2019-20 the budget amounting to Rs 200.00 lacs was allotted, out of which an
amount of Rs 200.00 lacs was spent on providing medical services to total number of 167420 patients.
 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 25
For the year 2020-21 the outlay is Rs. 200.00 lacs . A sum of Rs 200.00 lacs has been proposed to be
allotted in the budget provision for the financial year 2021-22 also to cover 50000 patients.
Travelling Facility to Blinds and Handicapped Persons
Blind persons are provided free travelling facility and handicapped persons are provided concessional
travel facility in the Punjab Roadways and P.R.T.C. Buses under the “Travelling Facility to Blinds
and Handicapped Persons” scheme,. Under this scheme a budget provision of Rs.1040.00 lac has been
made for the year 2019-20, out of which Rs. 371.52 lacs were spent. A budget provision of Rs. 11.00
crore has been made for the financial year 2020-21.
Celebration of world disabled day and state awards to handicapped
3rd December of every year is celebrated as International day of disabled persons. On this day, a
sports meeting is organized and NGO's/employees/self-employed and sports persons are conferred
state award on the basis of their performance. Under this scheme a budget provision of Rs. 10.00 lac
has been made for the financial year 2020-21 against which Rs. 2.50 lakh has been utilized.
Scheme for Rights of persons with disability Act, 2016 (SIPDA)
To the maximum extent possible,
buildings/places/transportation systems for public
use are be made barrier free.Barrier-free Punjab has experienced
environment enables people with disabilities to increase in labour force
move about safely and freely, and use the facilities participation and worker
within the built environment. The goal of barrier population ratio while at All
free design is to provide an environment that India level there is a decline
supports the independent functioning of individuals since 2015-16
so that they can participate without assistance, in
everyday activities.
Under this Scheme for implementation of persons with disabilities Act,2016 the proposals are
demanded for under mentioned schemes:-
1. To construct/modify Ramps, lifts, toilets and provide barrier free environment in State
Governments important buildings like Collectorate Offices, State Universities, Medical Colleges,
Division Headquarters and other important buildings .
2. To make accessible the website to the handicapped persons. Instructions regarding website are
available on http://darpg.nic.in
Scheme for implementation of persons with disabilities Act,2016 is 100% centrally sponsored
scheme. For the financial year 2020-21 a budget of Rs 5000.00 lacs has been allotted .

Employment and unemployment trends

In comparison with 2017-18, the LFPR in Punjab has witnessed a one-percentage point growth,
During the same period LFPR and WPR at the national witnessed a 0.4 & 0.5 percentage point growth
respectively. As per the latest Period Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2018-19, labour force participation
rate (LFPR) for 15+ years in Punjab stood at 47.7% and worker population ratio (WPR) for 15+ years
stood at 44.2%, as highlighted in Table 84. Efforts of the State government to provide skill trainings
and employment opportunities through various initiatives like setting up health sector skill
development centres and institutes like Maharaja Ranjit Singh Armed Forces Services Preparatory

4
Both indicators have been measured for individuals who are 15 years or older
26 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Institute have boosted the employment scenario in the State. As presented in Table 8, unemployment
rate (measured for individuals who are 15 years or older) has shown a decline in 2018-19 as compared
with 2017-18 both at state and national level.
Table 8: Employment and unemployment indicators for Punjab vis-a-vis India (%)- For ages 15
and above
Punjab India

2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19

Labour Force Participation Rate 46.5 47.7 49.8 50.2

Worker Population Ratio 42.9 44.2 46.8 47.3

Unemployment Rate 7.7 7.4 6.0 5.8

Source: PLFS, 2017-18 and 2018-19

Employment Trends: Rural-Urban

Data presented in Table 9 reveal that Employment trends have been relatively better in urban
areas of Punjab than rural areas. As of 2018-19, unemployment rates in both rural and urban
Punjab were 7.7% and 7.0% respectively. However, LFPR and WPR at urban centres of Punjab is
relatively higher than rural centers as presented in Table 9.
In comparison with 2017-18, LFPR and WPR has increased in 2018-19 in both rural and urban
Punjab. Unemployment rates has marginally increased by 0.1 percentage point growth in rural
Punjab, While it has decreased by 0.7 percentage point in urban Punjab. Together these indicators
point towards a better and improving employment scenario in both rural and urban Punjab. Further
unemployment rates in urban Punjab has improved more than national level.
Table 9: Employment and unemployment indicators for Punjab vis-a-vis India (%)- Rural and urban
areas- For ages 15 and above

Rural Urban
Punjab
2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19
Labour Force Participation Rate 44.5 46.3 49.6 50.0

Worker Population Ratio 41.1 42.7 45.8 46.5

Unemployment Rate 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.0

Rural Urban
India
2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19

Labour Force Participation Rate 50.7 51.5 47.6 47.5

Worker Population Ratio 48.1 48.9 43.9 43.9

Unemployment Rate 5.3 5.0 7.7 7.6

Source: PLFS, 2017-18 and 2018-19
 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 27

Employment Trends: Male-Female

Gender disparity is observed in employment trends in Punjab as well same as at the national
level. Females have lower LFPR and WPR, as well as significantly higher unemployment rates than
that observed for males. Table 10 provides a snapshot of the employment trends for females’ vis-à-vis
males in Punjab, as per the PLFS 2018-19. LFPR for females stood at 19.1% in contrast to 73.9% for
male, almost 4 times higher. A similar difference is observed in WPR and unemployment rates for
males and females.
Table 10: Employment and unemployment indicators for Punjab (%)- Males and females- For ages
15 and above

Male Female

2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19

Labour Force Participation Rate 74.9 73.9 15.5 19.1

Worker Population Ratio 69.8 68.8 13.7 17.3

Unemployment Rate 6.9 6.9 11.7 9.4

Source: PLFS, 2017-18 and 2018-19

Sectoral Distribution of workforce

One fourth share of workers in Punjab are concentrated in agriculture and allied sub-sectors, followed
by manufacturing and trades and repair. As per estimates in PLFS 2018-19 nearly 25% of workers in
Punjab are engaged in agriculture and allied activities. Punjab has grown to be a hub for textiles,
sports goods and light engineering goods, a significant proportion (19%) of workers are engaged in
manufacturing. Ancillary to these manufacturing activities, trade and repair services employ the third
largest share of workers in the State (14%).
At national level share of agriculture and allied sectors in employing labour force is significantly
higher than Punjab. Over 42% of workforce is engaged in these sectors at national level against only
25% in Punjab. Further, while manufacturing is again the second largest employer, the proportion of
workers engaged at national level are significantly lower than those in Punjab. Construction is the
third largest employer at the national level (Figure 14).
Figure 14: Composition of workforce across sub-sectors in Punjab vis-a-vis India

50% Composition of workers in Punjab differs significantly from national

42% trends
40%

30% 25%
19% 15%
20% 14%
12% 12% 11%
10% 5% 5%
0%
Agriculture, forestry Manufacturing Construction Trade and Repair Transport, Strorage
and fishing and
Punjab Communication
India

Source: PLFS 2018-19

28 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
While agriculture and allied sectors are the largest employers for both males and females in Punjab,
distribution of the remaining workers varies across the genders. Following agriculture, manufacturing
and trade repair are the leading employer for males in the State. In contrast, the second largest
employer for females in Punjab is the education sector. Almost a quarter (24.8%) of female workers
in Punjab are engaged in education. This makes Punjab the state with the second highest proportion of
female workers employed in education sector. Assam with 36.2% of female workers in education
sector is the leader.
Informal Employment
Majority of workers in the non-agriculture sector in Punjab are engaged in the informal sector (Figure
15). Nearly 53% of non-agricultural employment is informal in Punjab – i.e., involving no written
contract, thus informal.
Figure 15: Percentage of informal non-agriculture employment (in %)

70% 63.20% 61.70%

55.50% 54.10% 53.10% 51.10%
60% 50.50% 49.70% 47.10%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

Source: PLFS 2017-18

Youth Employment
Though unemployment among the youth (15-29 years of age) is a matter of concern. As per
PLFS survey in Punjab, it has recorded a decline from 22% in 2017-18 to 21% in 2018-19. As
presented in Figure 16 male and female unemployment rate has also recorded a decline in 2018-19.
Figure 16: Status of youth unemployment in Punjab (2017-18 & 2018-19)

37%

30%

22% 21%
19% 19%

male female total

Punjab 2017-18 Punjab 2018-19

Source: PLFS 2017-18 & 2018-19

 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 29

A variety of steps have been undertaken to bridge the gap between skill sets of the youth and
job opportunities in the State. Skill and training centres across a variety of domains like health have
been set up across the state. Schemes like ‘Apni Gaddi Apna Rozgar Yojana’ are aimed at providing
youths with entrepreneurial opportunities in the transport sector. The government has tied up with cab
aggregators like Ola and Uber to provide job opportunities to the youth. Apart from this, Mega
Placement Drive/Mega job fairs are being organized under the ‘Ghar Ghar Rozgar’ schemes which
aims at providing employment to unemployed youth.
Various government initiatives to promote employment and skill
development
State Employment Plan for the year 2020-2022
The state govt. has decided to recruit one lakh personnel in the various departments. As on 3-7-2020.
Punjab govt. has 305173 employees. More than one lakh direct quota posts are either vacant in
various departments or would fall vacant because of refixing the retirement age at 58 years. Out of
these 1 Lakh vacant posts 50000 may be filled during in financial year 2020-21 and balance 50000
posts should be filled during financial year 2021-22
Keeping in view the need to provide employment to the youth, the State Government is
undertaking various initiatives to enhance the employability of youth by imparting job specific
vocational skills. During 2020 (January to November), the department concerned registered a total of
21581 applications, of which 335 applicants were provided employment under Compulsory
Notification of Vacancy Act 1959. During the first 8 months of 2020-21 (1 April 2020 to 30
November 2020), the department organized 798 Placement Camps through which 94925 applicants
provided employment assistance and 91360 applicants received employment through 6 th Mega Job
fair.
Setting up District Bureau of Employment and Enterprises (DBEE)
State Government, has established District Bureau of Employment and Enterprises (DBEE) in
November 2018 to fecilitate Unemployed youth. DBEE is Single window platform for employment
services, for the employment seeker and employer, in every district headquarter of the State. The main
services provided by DBEE are:
i. To arrange regular interface between the Job seekers and Employers in the form of Rozgar
Melas for placements.
ii. Providing Guidance & Career Counseling
iii. Helping in e skill training to increase employability of youth.
iv. Facilitate self-employment, enterprise and entrepreneurship development.
v. Helping in obtaining bank loans for start-ups of micro and small enterprises.
vi. Supporting youth desiring overseas placements.

Supporting youth looking for overseas employment

Facilitation services (such as information about overseas opportunities, clearances required, skill
required, counseling and other support) are available for providing necessary support to the youth
desiring overseas placement under the DBEE.Till date, recruiting agents have been empaneled in the
following districts: Bathinda, Roopnagar, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Moga, Pathankot, Patiala
& SAS Nagar.
30 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Mai Bhago Armed Forces Preparatory Institute
To impart training to girls Mai Bhago Armed Forces Preparatory Institute for girls has been set up by
the State Government at SAS Nagar. This is the only and unique institute of its kind in the entire
country which trains young girls from Punjab for joining the armed forces as commissioned officers.
During the period 1 April 2020 to 31December 2020, the following number of young girls were
imparted training:

IV Course: 22
V Course: 21
VI Course: 21
During this period 10 trainees were selected/placed as Commissioned Officers
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Armed Forces Services Preparatory Institute
In the modern city of SAS Nagar (Mohali )the ‘Maharaja Ranjit Singh Armed Forces Services
Preparatory Institute’ has been established to provide focused and goal-oriented training to cadets and
to equip them with the required intellectual, physical skills and character-building qualities for joining
the National Defence Academy and becoming commissioned officers in the Armed Forces.
52 youths were trained between 1 April 2020 and 31 December 2020 out of which 17 youths were
absorbed in NDA and 11were placed as Commissioned Officers to Indian Army .
Centre for Training and Employment of Punjab Youth(C-PYTE)
On 19 August 1990 ‘Centre for Training and Employment of Punjab Youth (C-PYTE) was
established. It is a unique Organisation which is engaged in inculcating self-discipline, spirit of
national integration, secularism, dignity of labour and work culture, besides imparting technical skills
for generating self-employment opportunities, rather than seeking employment alone. Main lot of
beneficiaries of the scheme are the rural unemployed youth who are given pre recruitment training for
joining the Armed Forces, Central Para Military Forces and Police.
The Organisation has established 14 C-PYTE training camps, including 4 permanent camps and 10
temporary camps. The scheme endeavors to eradicate unemployment amongst the youth of Punjab
particularly amongst the youth of border areas and youth belonging to SC/ST and backward classes.
A 12-week capsule was organized during the year, as part of the pre-recruitment training for the
Army. During 2020-21 online training was imparted to 2963 youths.
Ghar-Ghar Rozgar
“Ghar-Ghar Rozgar” is a special programme of the State Government to provide employment to
unemployed youth through Mega Placement Drive/ Mega job fair. The first job fair in Punjab was
organized from 21 August 2017 to 3 September 2017, where 9,533 candidates were provided
appointment letters at State level function. Additionally, 13,177 candidates were given employment in
the private sector between March 2017 and September 2017. The second state level mega job fair was
organized from 20 February 2018 to 8 March 2018 for the placement of engineering, ITI, polytechnic
and single trade institute students. A total of 7378 candidates were given appointment letters at State
level functions. The third Mega job fair in Punjab was organized from 12 November 2018 to 22
November 2018. During the fair, appointment letters were given to 6,863 selected candidates and
6,230 candidates were shortlisted. Apart from this, 6,231 candidates were given employment in
private sector between April 2018 and November 2018.
An exclusive Ghar Ghar Rozgar Portal (www.ghargharrozgar.punjab.gov.in) & www.pgrkam.com
was launched in February 2018 by Government of Punjab, where both job seekers and job providers
 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview 31

can register themselves on this interactive platform. Employers can search for potential candidates as
per their qualification and eligibility criteria. A total of 1062262 unemployed candidates and 7933
employers were registered on this portal.
Apni Gaddi Apna Rozgar Yojna
To provide self-employment/entrepreneurial avenues to youth of Punjab in transport sector “Apni
Gaddi Apna Rozgar”Yojna launched by State Government. Under the scheme, taxis are provided at
subsidized rates and no collateral are required for the loan for purchasing the taxi.The Department of
Employment Generation and Training have formulated this scheme in the collaboration of private
sector through Deputy Commissioners/ District Bureaus of Employment and Enterprises (DBEEs).
The nodal department ‘Department of Employment Generation and Training (DEGT),’ Punjab signed
a Memorandum of Understanding with suitable private players for the success of this Scheme. DEGT
and the private companies work in coordination with Transport Department, Police Department,
Punjab Skill Development Mission and other line departments.
The Punjab government has tied up with two largest taxi operator companies in India, Ola and Uber.
During 2019 and 2020, the employment opportunities generated under the scheme is as follows:
Table 11: Employmnet Generated under the scheme

Period Ola Uber

April 2019 to March 2020 27455 7897

April 2020 to June 2020 0 46

Total: 35398

Punjab Skill Development Mission

Different schemes are being implemented under the Punjab Skill Development Mission which aim at
developing the skill sets of individuals, especially youth, ensuring them better employment
opportunities. The details of achievements of these schemes during 2020-21 is given below:
Table 12: Targets of Punjab Skill Development Mission in coming year

Total Number of candidates to be

S.
Name of Scheme
No. Appointed/Placed
Trained candidates
Candidates in year 2020

Deen Dayal Upadhayaya

1 379 897
Gramin Kasualya Yojna

2 National Urban
2465 448
Livelihood Mission

Pardhan Mantri Kaushalya

3 Vikas Yojna 7583 2543

Punjab Heritage and

4 Tourism Promotion Board 316 0
32 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

S. Name of Scheme Total Number of candidates to be

No.
5 CSR 2501 2501
6 Total 13244 6389

Sardar Bahadur Amin Chand Sony Armed Forces Preparatory Institute

Sardar Bahadur Amin Chand Sony Armed Forces Preparatory Institute on the lines of Maharaja Ranjit
Singh Armed Forces Preparatory Institute will be set up at village Bajwara in Hoshiarpur district of
Punjab by the end of 2021.In this institute, 270 youths would be trained every year to be recruited as
commissioned officers in CDSE (Combined Defense Services Examination) / AFCAT (Air Force
Central Admission test).Sardar Bahadur Amin Chand Soni Armed Forces Preparatory Institute is
under construction.
 Chapter 2 Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural
Development

Punjab has played the key role to ensure food security and self sufficiency in food grains to the
Nation. The State is known as the bread basket of India. Despite negligible share of 1.53%, in total
geographical area of India, its share in the central pool of rice and wheat has been very significant
especially after Green Revolution period. In 2019-20 share of rice and wheat was 20.92% and
37.82 % respectively.
Share of agriculture and allied activities in GSVA is contributing 31.6% of the total GSVA (2020-
21) and it was source of employment to 24.6% of its workforce (2018-19). Agricultural yield in
Punjab was the highest across India for wheat and second highest in rice in 2018-19. As per
NABARD survey in among the states of India, agricultural households in Punjab had the highest
monthly average income. It has been primarily because of the following factors :
1) Highly mechanized farming .
2) Availability of highly -developed irrigation network which enabled irrigation of 99% of
the gross cropped area.
3) Availability of required inputs like fertilizers, pesticides, seeds since the time of the Green
Revolution.
4) Adequate marketing infrastructure including storage facilities, well-developed network of
regulated markets and procurement facilities
The sector is showing moderate growth trend in past due to slowdown in crop husbandry sector .
This sector has been subject to a lot of volatility in recent years and has presented the case for
greater diversification. There could be two avenues for this:
1) Crop diversification: Production and productivity of rice and wheat has reached to nearly
saturation level, even though Punjab still is among States having the highest yields. Moreover,
paddy cultivation is water intensive, and has caused over-exploitation of Punjab’s ground
water resources. Cultivation of rice would need the use of submersible pumps which are
expensive, and unlikely to be suitable for marginal and small landholding farmers. Therefore
there is a need to diversify crops and horticulture, as well as pulses and oilseeds act as
avenues for diversification.
2) Move to ‘allied sectors’: Livestock sector has adequate potential for growth and supplement
income and employment .Unlike crop husbandry this sector is less vulnerable to the vagaries
of climate also.

2.1 Introduction
Agriculture sector has played the multidimensional role in ensuring food security and nutrition as well
as eradicating poverty, uplifting the rural economy and providing employment to a large section of the
society. Agriculture sector of Punjab has great importance not only in State’s economy but in the
economy of country as well . Between 2011-12 and 2019-20, on average, the agriculture and allied
sector, contributed almost 30% of the GSVA and it employed more than one-fourth of the state’s
workforce according to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) of 2018-19.
34 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Punjab has played a historical role in ensuring self
sufficiency in food grain production . The State is still the Punjab bread basket of
‘bread-basket’ of the country, due to its significant India, contributed 21% to
contribution to the national production of wheat and rice. In central pool in 2019-20 in
2018-19, Punjab produced nearly 18% of the country’s total rice and 38% in 2019-20
wheat production with just less than 12% share of the total in wheat
area under cultivation of wheat, at the national level. During
the same period State also contributed almost 11% of the
total rice produce of the country while with only 7% of the total area under rice cultivation in the
country. The state contributes more than a one fourth of the total central pool procurement of rice
and wheat in the country.
Higher level of yield and productivity have led to high incomes for agricultural households in the
State. As per NABARD All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey 2016-17, agricultural households
in Punjab have the highest average monthly income in the country, followed by Haryana.

2.2 Performance of Agriculture sector

In 2020-21, agriculture and allied sectors are expected to
contribute 31.6% of Punjab’s GSVA as compared to 28.7
Higest yield across
% in 2019-20. .
states in Punjab in
Agriculture and allied sector of Punjab grew at 1.81% in wheat and second
2019-20 and is expected to register a higher growth rate higest in rice.
in 2020-21. Similar to the growth registered in 2018-19, this
was almost equal to the average growth rate of 2.1%
registered on average between 2012-13 and 2018-19. The growth moderation after 2017-18 is largely
on account of a slowdown in the crop husbandry sector.
The crop husbandry sub-sector has the largest share in the State’s GSVA, contributing more
than 17.6% of Punjab’s GSVA and over half of the agricultural GSVA. This large share implies
that movements in growth rates of cropping sector are closely mirrored in the movements in growth
rate of the agricultural and allied sector (Figure 17). Estimates for 2020-21 highlight that cropping
GSVA of Punjab is expected to increase by 6.3%, against -1.04% in 2019-20. The high dependence of
the sector on environmental inputs also makes it susceptible to fluctuations in its growth rates.
Figure 17: Real growth rate of agriculture and allied activities in Punjab

Crops drive the growth in Agriculture and Allied Activities

12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
-2% 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
-4%
-6%
-8% Crops Forestry and Logging

Livestock Fishing

Agriculture and Allied Activities

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab.

 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 35
Growth in the allied activities, on the other hand, has been relatively stable. These sectors are
relatively less dependent on environmental factors and thus experience stable growth. Livestock
rearing is the most important sector here and has shown strong growth of 5.3% between 2012-13 and
2019-20 on average.
Interestingly, the share of allied activities has also been increasing in the agriculture and allied
activities’ GSVA. This is largely on account of the livestock sector. Growing from a share of 26.03%
in agriculture and allied activities in 2011-12, the livestock sector is expected to contribute a share of
36.23% of GSVA of Punjab’s agriculture and allied sectors in 2020-21 (Figure 18). This highlights
the increasing relevance of activities allied to the agriculture sector for farm income augmentation and
employment generation.
Figure 18: Share of subsectors of agriculture

120.00%
0.75% 1.09%
100.00%
9.16% 6.81%
80.00% 26.03% 36.23%
60.00%

40.00%
64.07% 55.87%
20.00%

0.00%
2011-12 2020-21

Crops Livestock Forestry and Logging Fishing

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

2.3 Employment
Agriculture sector provide employment to around one fourth labour force in the State.As per the
Periodic Labor Force Survey (PLFS) 2018-19, the agriculture sector of Punjab provides employment
to 24.59% of workers, as per Usual Principal and Subsidiary Status (UPSS), against 42.49% at the
national level.
In rural areas, this sector is the main source of livelihood, employing 38.74% of the total rural
workers. Propotion of male and female rural work force were employed in this sector 37.89% and
42.20% respectively.

2.4 Agriculture based industries

There is good potential for establishment of agro-processing units in Punjab due to the higher
level of agricultural productivity and production of the State. About 7.31% of the total registered
factories in Food Processing Industry (FPI) sector in the country were available in Punjab. In this
regard Punjab was having fourth highest share, surpassed only by Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and
Telangana (MoFPI, 2019)5. As per the Annual Survey of Industries, 2017-18,share of agro-processing
units (food, beverages, wood and wood products, leather and related products etc.) was 33.5% of the

5
Ministry of Food Processing Industries, (2019). Annual Report 2018-19. Government of India
36 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
total gross value added of the manufacturing sector and about 44% of the total workers was employed
by registered factories (MoSPI)6. Detailed analysis of relation between agriculture and industry sector
is presented in Chapter 3 .

2.5 Agricultural sub-sectors

Crop-husbandry
Land Use Pattern Figure 19: Land use pattern-share of total reported area in Punjab

After Green Revolution period major

82%
part of land, has been devoted to crop 75%
cultivation (Figure 19). 82 % (41.2 lac
hectares,) of total reported area was under
cultivation in 2018-19. Fallow land, 13% 11% 5%
Cultivable land other than fallow land has 1% 5% 1% 6% 2%
also come down from 6% and 5% of
Forest Not Cultivable Fallow Land Net Area
reporting area in 1960-61 to 2% and 1% available for land other Sown
in 2018-19, respectively. Land not cultivation than fallow
available for cultivation has decreased land
from 13% to 11 % between 1960-61 and 1960-61 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2018-19
2018-19. Hence, there is limited scope
for any expansion in the area under Source: Director,Land Records, Punjab
cultivation.
Cropping Intensity
Cropping intensity in Punjab has reached to almost at saturation level and it was 190% in 2018-19.
The average cropping intensity improved from 180% during 1990-91 to 1994-95, to 190% during
2010-11 to 2014-15. The State has successfully maintained this high level of cropping intensity since
then. In contrast, cropping intensity at the national level has grown from 130.01% in 1990-91 to
141.55% in 2014-15 (Figure 20). It is evident that multiple cycles of sowing on the same land is
highly prevalent in Punjab vis-à-vis the national level trends.

Figure 20: Average cropping intensity in Punjab (five-year averages) (in %)

Source: State-wise Pattern of Land Use - Cropping Intensity, Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, RBI

6
MoSPI. (n.d.). Annual Survey of Industries 2016-17. Industrial Statistics Wing, Data Processing Division, Ministry of
Statistics and Programme Implementation.; NIC 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 taken into consideration.
 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 37
Cropping Pattern
Food-grain cultivation especially wheat rice crops dominate cropping pattern of of Punjab. In
2019-20, approximately 91% of the total cultivated land was used for cultivation of food
grains which include cereals and pulses. Cotton was cultivated only 3.2% of the total
cultivated land and sugarcane and fruits each were grown on approximately 1% of the total
cultivated area respectively. Due to the assured income from the production of wheat and
rice, their share in the total cropped area has increased over the years. On the other hand, the
share of pulses, maize, oilseeds and the other crops has declined in Punjab (Table 13).
Table 13: Crop wise percentage share of cropped area

Crops 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2018-19 2019-20

Paddy 4.8% 6.9% 17.5% 26.9% 31.3% 39.6% 40.1%

Wheat 27.3% 40.5% 41.6% 43.6% 43.1% 44.9% 45%

Maize 6.9% 9.8% 5.6% 2.5% 2.1% 1.4% 1.5%

Bajra 2.69% 3.7% 1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.03%

Barley 1.4% 1% 0.9% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1% 0.12%

Pulses 19.1% 7.3% 5% 1.9% 0.7% 0.4% 0.5%

Oilseeds 3.9% 5.2% 3.7% 1.5% 1.1% 0.5% 0.6%

Sugarcane 2.8% 2.3% 1% 1.3% 1.8% 1.2% 1.2%

Cotton 9.4% 7% 9.6% 9.3% 7.6% 3.4% 3.2%

Vegetables 1.2% 0.9% 1.1% 0.7% 1.3% 3.3% 3.3%

Fruits 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 0.8% 0.5% 1.1% 1.1%

Other crops 17.7% 14.8% 12.6% 10.8% 10.1% 2.4% 3.6%

Source: Directorate of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Punjab

Foodgrains and oilseeds

As mentioned earlier a significant portion of the total cropped area is held by food grain production in
Punjab and within the food grain production, the cropped area is majorly occupied by the wheat and
paddy crops due to assured economic return in the form of Minimum Support Price provided to the
farmers, on these two crops. Therefore, out of the total area of 78.2 lac hectares used for crop
production, 40% was used for paddy cultivation and 45% was used for wheat cultivation in 2019-20.
As a result of the high portion of total cropped area under wheat and rice have led to very high
production. However, this cropping system of Punjab is becoming economically and ecologically
unviable given the deterioration of soil health, depletion of water table and squeezing of farm incomes
as cost of cultivation increases.
38 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Table 14: Area and Production of Principal Crops in Punjab

Area (000 Ha) Production (000 MT)

Crops 2018-19 2019-20 Change (%) 2018-19 2019-20 Change (%)

Food Grains 6769 6818 0.72% 31522 30755 -2.43%

Cereals 6763 6785 0.33% 31494 30725 -2.44%

Rice 3103 3141 1.22% 12822 12675 -1.15%

Wheat 3519 3521 0.06% 18257 17616 -3.51%

Maize 109 115 5.50% 396 410 3.54%

Pulses 30 33 10.00% 28 30 7.14%

Gram 2 2 0.0% 3 2 -33.33%

Other Pulses 28 32 14.29% 25 27.7 10.80%

Oilseeds 41 40 -2.44% 60 59 -1.67%

Groundnut 1 1.8 80.0% 3 4 33.33%

Other Oilseeds 40 38.2 -4.50% 57 55 -3.51%

Sugarcane 95 91 -4.21% 7776 7302 -6.10%

Cotton 268 248 -7.46% 1223 1207 -1.31%

Total 7839 7825 -0.18% 40570.2 39263.6 -3.22%

Source: Directorate of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Punjab

Figure 21: Crop-wise yields in Punjab and India, 2018-19 (in Kgs/ hectare)

The agricultural yields of cereals, pulses and oilseeds in Punjab are higher in
comparison to the all India
4528

2752

1266 1474
757 909

Cereals Pulses Oilseeds

India Punjab

Source: Department of Agriculture , Cooperation and Farm Welfare , Ministry of Agriculture.

 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 39
The yields of cereals, pulses and oilseeds in Punjab are higher in comparison to all India . Yield
of food grain is the highest in the country. After the introduction of the green revolution crop yields
significantly increased in Punjab (Table 15). It was due to introduction of high yield varieties of
seeds, intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides along with the application of highly mechanized farm
implements and expansion of irrigation. However, yields are stagnating in wheat and rice and it is
another reason for crop diversification to be the way forward (see Chapter 1). Oilseeds and pulses
which have adequate demand deficit in the country could offer one avenue for crop diversification
(Box 5).
Table 15: Crop-wise yields in Punjab (in Kgs/ hectare)

1960- 1990- 2000- 2018- 2019-

Crops 1970-71 1980-81 2010-11
61 91 01 19 20
Rice 1009 1765 2733 3229 3506 3828 4132 4034

Wheat 1244 2237 2730 3715 4563 4693 5188 5004

Maize 1135 1555 1602 1784 2793 3707 3639 3581

Sugarcane 33956 40442 49739 55369 60844 70059 81857 80244

Cotton 269 371 309 463 430 641 776 829

Source: Directorate of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Punjab

Horticulture
It is observed that the share of area under vegetables has increased over the years and remained almost
constant for fruits (Table 16). Punjab has diverse agro-climatic zones which are favourable to
production of various fruits such as Kinnow, Sweet Orange, Guava, Pear, Litchi, Mango and Peach.
Horticulture sector can provide good opportunities to diversify the cropping pattern in agriculture
away from the current cereal-centric focus to high value and commercial horticultural crops, as
income derived from horticulture per hectare of land is generally higher than in cereals and pulses.
New Initiatives:
Keeping in view the importance of this sector Horticulture Department of Punjab has identified a 100-
acre land at Attari for the establishment of Post Graduate Institute of Horticulture Research and
Education in Amritsar. The institute will be established by Indian Council for Agriculture Research
(ICAR) in collaboration with the Punjab government. In addition to it , Five Citrus Estates have been
established in Bhunga (Hoshiarpur), Badal (Sri Muktsar Sahib), Abohar, and Tahliwala Jattan
(Fazilka). The estates will cover approximately 43,646 hectares of area and 8,174 farmers have been
registered for the same.
Top three fruits with the highest production recorded in 2019-20 were Kinnow, Guava and
Mangoes. The highest yield was seen in Bananas (56,787 Kgs/ha), Grapes (30,183 Kgs/ha) and
Kinnow (24,501 Kgs/ha). However, the production of lemon recorded the highest growth of 13%
followed by 8% growth in the production of Amla and 7% growth in the production of Pear.
40 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Table 16: Area, Production and Yield of Horticulture crops

Crop Area (Hectare) Production (MT) Yield (Kgs/Ha)

Change Change Change

2018-19 2019-20 2018-19 2019-20 2018-19 2019-20
(%) (%) (%)

Fruits 86774 90466 4 1856845 1972380 6 21399 21802 1.88

Kinnow 53359 54243 2 1254328 1328996 6 23507 24501 4.23

Sweet
3080 3118 25761 26919 8364 8633
Orange 1 4 3.22

Lemon 1102 1245 13 8541 9654 13 7751 7754 0.04

Litchi 2899 3057 5 47130 50091 6 16257 16385 0.79

Guava 9172 9645 5 206777 217738 5 22544 22575 0.14

Pear 3332 3501 5 76668 81892 7 23010 23391 1.66

Peach 1954 1979 1 34893 35406 1 17857 17891 0.19

Plum 315 337 7 5590 5891 5 17747 17482 -1.49

Grapes 289 280 -3 8261 8451 2 28584 30183 5.59

Ber 1636 1632 0 27503 27553 0 16811 16883 0.43

Amla 605 606 0 8286 8912 8 13697 14706 7.37

Banana 93 100 8 5388 5679 5 57940 56787 -1.99

Mangoes 7007 7012 0 118455 118783 0 16905 16940 0.21

Source: Director, Horticulture, Punjab

 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 41
Box 5: Potential of Oilseeds and Pulses cultivation in Punjab

After green revolution the percentage share of cropped area of oilseeds and pulses has declined
considerably (Table 13). The share of pulses in cropped area declined from 19.1% in 1960-61 to
0.4% in the share of oilseeds declined from 3.9% to 0.5% during the same period. This decline is
primarily on account of the preference of Punjab’s farmers to cultivate wheat and paddy for
assured income in the form of MSP offered on their production. As a result of it the shrinking
area under cultivation, the production of oilseeds and pulses has also declined. The pulses
production in Punjab declined from 7,09,000 tonnes in 1960-61 to 27,700 tonnes in 2018-19 and
the production of oilseeds declined from 1,21,000 tonnes to 59,600 tonnes.
Union government still import oilseeds and pulses to bridge the demand supply difference in
the domestic market. According to the provisional estimates of 2017-18 published by the
Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, the Indian imports of pulses were
valued at Rs. 28, 523.18 crores and those of oilseeds were valued at Rs. 393.75 crores . Keeping
in view the higher than national average yields and suitability of growing of pulses and oilseeds
in Punjab , the central government could take steps to tap Punjab’s potential in catering to the
increasing domestic demand of oilseeds and pulses in India.GOI may do it by offering better
incentives in the form of higher MSP and effective procurement of these crops on the pattern of
wheat paddy .
Major pulses producing states in India were Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Maharashtra. The
highest oilseeds producing states were Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat. . Fig -6 presents
the projection of oilseeds and pulses production of Punjab .It is observed that if oilseeds and
pulses production in Punjab grew at the rate at which the production of the top three producing
states grew, on average between 1990-91 and 2016-17, the oilseeds and pulse production both
would more than double by 2022-23 (Figure 22).
As per this projection Punjab could help in saving Rs. 621.33 crores of import value for
pulses and Rs. 5,221.60 crores for oilseeds by 2027.Assuming that Punjab’s pulses and oil
seeds production grew at the average rate of the highest producing states (14% for pulses and
12% for oilseeds) and India’s imports continue to grow at the average growth over the period
2009-2018, exchange saving of $818 million
Figure 22: Projections based on Punjab's pulses and oilseeds production growth and growth of
highest producing states (in thousand tonnes)

Source: Calculations based on State-wise production of pulses and oilseeds, Handbook of Statistics on Indian States
2019, Reserve Bank of India
42 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Livestock
Livestock rearing is an important sub-sector under agriculture and allied activities. It contributes over
one third GVA to agriculture and is the second largest contributor to agricultural GVA . It is expected
to contribute over 33.37% of Agriculture GVA in 2020-21. It witnessed a growth of 6.5% in 2019-20.
Over the period of 2012-13 to 2019-20, the livestock sector recorded an average growth of 5.30%, as
compared to 0.8% in the crop husbandry sector. As compared to crop husbandary the low dependence
of this sub-sector on natural factors like rainfall, soil type and climatic conditions make it a more
sustainable source of income generation. This sub-sector plays a significant role to generate
alternative source of income and full/part-time employment for rural households of Punjab. As per
the NSSO report on Income, Expenditure, Productive Assets and Indebtedness of Agricultural
Households in India (2012-13), Punjab reported the second highest average monthly income of Rs.
5,303 from farming of animals, surpassed only by Haryana (Rs. 6,089). Milk production was highest
source of income generation which contributed 91.6% to the total average monthly receipt from
farming of animals.
As per the Livestock Census 2019 Punjab has 1.3% share of India’s total livestock. Share of
buffaloes was largest (57.4%,) in total livestock population, followed by cross-bred cattle and
indigenous cattle Figure 23.The share of crossbred cattle increased to 29.43 % in 2019, in comparison
to 25.4% in 2012. It reveals that share of higher productivity animals is rising in the State. Available
facts show that Punjab has the highest per capita milk availability 1035 per gram per day in the
country in 2019-20 (NDDB, nd)7.Share of poultry of Punjab in India was 2.1%
Figure 23: Share of animals in livestock of Punjab

Buffaloes form the largest share of livestock population in Punjab

6.7% 6.5% 7.2%

63.6% 57.4%
69.6%

6.1%
4.5%
5.9%
25.4% 29.3%
17.8%

2003 2012 2019

Cross Bred Cattle Indigenous Cattle Buffalo Others

Source: Livestock Census, various years

7
National Dairy Development Board. (nd). Per capita availability of Milk by States. Available at
https://www.nddb.coop/information/stats/percapitavail
 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 43

Table 17: Milk, meat and Eggs production and growth in output in Punjab

Output Growth
Milk Meat Eggs
Year Milk (%) Meat (%) Eggs (%)
(000 Tonnes) (000 Tonnes) (Lac)
2012-13 9724 212 37911

2013-14 10011 235 43376 3.0% 10.8% 14.4%

2014-15 10351 237 42642 3.4% 0.9% -1.7%

2015-16 10774 250 44218 4.1% 5.5% 3.7%

2016-17 11282 249 47826 4.7% -0.4% 8.2%

2017-18 11855 276 52250 5.1% 10.8% 9.3%

2018-19 12599 231 55909 6.3 % -16.3% 7.0%

2019-20(P) 13347 251 56900 5.9% 8.7% 1.7%

Source: Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, 2019

In 2019-20, milk production in Punjab increased by 5.9% in comparison to the growth of 6.3% in
2018-19 showing a marginal decline of 0.4 %. During 2019-20, Egg production increased only by
1.7% in comparison to 7.0% in the previous year. Interestingly the meat production registered a
growth of 8.7% in 2019-20 in comparison to the negative growth of 16.3% in the previous year. Over
the period ranging from 2013-14 to 2019-20, the milk, meat and egg production in Punjab registered
an average growth of 4.6%, 2.9% and 6.1% respectively.
The Punjab government is making special efforts to develop Punjab as ‘Dairy State of India’
particularly by increasing better breed cattle production in the State. The Department of Animal
Husbandry, Punjab, performed 33,83,471 artificial inseminations in the State in 2019-20. Punjab has
an extensive veterinary infrastructure for animal health care which includes 1,367 veterinary hospitals,
1,489 permanent outlying dispensaries and insemination units, 22 polyclinics. As per as the
manpower concerns the state has 1,423 veterinary officers and 2,010 veterinary inspectors. The
livestock unit per veterinary institution in 2019-20 was 5,610 in Punjab.
Punjab Veterinary Vaccine Institute, Ludhiana is being upgraded to GMP (Good Manufacturing
Practices) Norms as per WHO guidelines with funds to the tune of Rs 32.00 crore under RKVY
Scheme in the production of different type of vaccines to prevent prevalent animal diseases in the
State. PVVI, Ludhiana has started the production of Cell Culture Classical Swine Fever vaccine with
newer technology. Thus, Punjab has become the first State in the country to produce this vaccine after
signing a Material Transfer Agreement with IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly.
Regional Research and Training Center for Buffaloes with objectives to improve the Buffalo breeds
through genetic improvement and to establish an elite herd of Buffalo, with total cost of Rs.20.47
crores is being established since 2018-19 at Village Booh, District Tarn Taran and should be
completed by 2023.
44 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
A State of Art Indigenous Cattle Breeding Farm, Gokul Gram at Bir Dosanjh, Nabha has been
established at a cost of Rs. 12.84 crore to house elite indigenous breeds of cattle (Sahiwal & Gir) with
the objective of their Conservation, Development and Propagation.
A new College of Veterinary Sciences at Rampura Phul, District Bathinda is being established at the
cost of Rs 92.14 crores to fulfill the shortage of veterinary doctors & to promote the Animal
Husbandry sector among the youth of the state.
Free Artificial Insemination should be applied to 11.00 lakh eligible Buffalo & Cattle with quality
semen under NAIP (Nationwide Artificial Insemination Programme), Government of India in all the
villages of the state. The inseminated animals are being Ear-tagged with 12 digit Ear tag and their data
is being uploaded to National data Base under INAPH software.
Multi-speciality Veterinary Hospital and Regional Research Centre is being set up at the cost of Rs.
62.14 crore at village Sappanwali, district Fazilka during 2020-21 with the primary objectives to
provide multi-speciality Veterinary care services to the animals of Abohar and its adjoining areas with
the objective to promote Value Addition to Animal production and enhance farmers' income.Rs.10.00
crore have been sanctioned under the scheme (out of the approved budget requirement for the year
2020-21 of Rs. 15.02 crore). The project will be completed by 2026-27.
Punjab Government has appointed 117 Veterinary Officers in December 2020 to fill-up the gap in the
field conditions for the better and efficient Veterinary Care and Management of animals of the State.
10th and 11th Livestock Championship & Expo - 2017 and 2020 were conducted successfully during
01-05 Dec., 2017 and 27 Feb. - 02 Mar., 2020 at village Jahlaan (Patiala) & Batala (Gurdaspur), in
which prizes to the tune of Rs 1.25 Crore and Rs 2.00 crore respectively were distributed to the
owners of the winning animals of different events of Milking Competitions and Breed Competitions.
12th Livestock Championship & Expo-2021 would be conducted during 16-20 Mar., 2021 at Batala,
District Gurdaspur.

Among the major states, estimated average monthly expenditure on farming of animals was the
highest for Punjab at Rs. 3,561, according to the NSSO report on Income, Expenditure, Productive
Assets and Indebtedness of Agricultural Households in India (2012-13). 82.9% of the average
monthly expenditure on farming of animals is spent on animal feed in Punjab while at the all India
level 77% of the average monthly expenditure on farming of animals is spent on animal feed. In
Punjab higher expenditure on feed may be due to lack of pastures and grazing land. In 2017-18, only
0.08% of the total geographical area of Punjab was used as permanent pastures or other grazing land8.
Fisheries
Punjab being the landlocked state, fisheries do not form an important sub-sector which is evident from
following Figure 24, showing the state-wise production of fish for 2018-19. Punjab is outperformed
by several coastal states like Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat etc. Contribution of the fisheries
sector to overall agriculture and allied activities GSVA of fishery is only 1.09% in 2020-21. Despite
adverse conditions of pandemic this sector grew at the rate of 2.56% in the year 2020-21, vis-à-vis an
average annual growth of 5.09% between 2012-13 and 2018-19.

8
Statistical Abstract of Punjab
 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 45
Figure 24: Fish production in 2018-19(P) in 000 tonnes

Punjab's Fish production remains lower in comparision to other states due to

its Landlocked geography
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance,2019

Due to Punjab's Landlock geography fish production is lower as compared to other coastal states.
Punjab's fish production in inland water resources was 136.6 in 2017-18 and in 2018-19 it saw a
decline of 0.3%.Fish production in Punjab (135.8 thousand tons ) was lower than average fish
production of other landlock states (167.9 thousand tones). .
The government of Punjab has been taking many initiatives to increase fish production in the state.
With the twin objective of using affected land and enhancing income of farmers special efforts are
being made to bring saline affected water-logged areas of south western districts of Shri Muktsar
Sahib, Ferozpur, Mansa, Fazilka, Bathinda and Faridkot under fish culture. During the year 2020-21,
1865.48 acres of new area was brought under fish culture against the target of 6,000 acres and
35,021.02 acres old area maintained under fish culture against the target of 42,224.85 acres. During
the year 2020-21, Rs.1248.02 lakh Fish seed has been produced at Government Fish Seed Farms
against the target of 1800 lakh.(Up to December). Further, 3,842 beneficiaries have been imparted
training in Fish Farming and an amount of Rs. 329.10 lakh was provided to the fish farmers as a bank
loan, in an effort to promote self-employment in the sector.

Other initiatives
Promotion of shrimp farming
To increase shrimp production, impart training to new/existing shrimp farmers, and to check soil and
water quality parameters of the saline affected area of the State, a Demonstration Farm-cum-Training
Center (DFTC) has been established at village Ana Khera, district Sri Muktsar Sahib. For the
development of saline affected water logged south-western districts of the state, shrimp farming has
been introduced and is being popularized. Starting from 1 acre in 2016, area under shrimp farming has
reached to 410 acres in 2019-20.
Establishment of fish feed mills
To enhance fish production and productivity good quality balanced feed plays a significant role.
Keeping it in view six feed mills have been set up at various government fish seed farms located at
Amritsar, Roopnagar, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib, Bathinda and Patiala under Centrally sponsored
46 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
schemes on Blue Revolution. Establishment of similar five more feed mills is under progress at
Hoshiarpur, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Ludhiana, Sangrur and Ferozepur under the RKVY
scheme.
To increase the availability of quality fish seed in the state, work of establishment of a new
government. Fish Seed Farm has been initiated in village Killian Wali, district Fazilka with project
cost of Rs.10.10 Cr. The construction work is in progress.
Innovations in fish production technology
Keeping, the limited resources of land and water in view, an innovative high- density fish production
technology of Bio-Floc fish culture will be introduced for the first time in the State. In this technique,
microbes added within the tank/pond convert fish excreta into fish feed. The technique has dual
benefits of (a) maintenance of water quality and (b) decrease of feed costs. This technology will not
only help in achieving high fish production from limited area, but will also help in increasing the
farmer’s profits
The department has also introduced another profitable fish production technology called Re-
circulatory Aquaculture System (RAS) during the year 2019-20. This is an innovative fish production
technology in which high density fish production can be achieved by rearing fish in indoor tanks
within controlled environment and reused water. This technique will also help in increasing farmer’s
profit. The establishment of two units is under progresss in the State.
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)

Government of India has launched a new scheme Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana
(PMMSY).Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, GOI, has granted an
administrative approval of projects for 2020-21 to Punjab with a project cost of Rs.45.82 cr. Along
with release of Center Share of Rs.5.68 Cr. to the State, with which, various projects will be
implemented for the development of fisheries sector in the state.
COVID-19 pandemic Effects and Strategy
Fisheries Department, Punjab tried to provide service delivery to the stakeholders during and after the
lockdown period of COVID-19. Fish seed production activity is a very crucial stage of fish farming.
Fish seed of carp variety of fish cultured in Punjab is available to the farmers once in a year from
March to September. If this time is missed, farmer has either to purchase grown-up seed at higher
price or to wait next year till the availability of seed. During the commencement of fish breeding
season, nation-wide lockdown was imposed. To minimize its impact on farmers, following steps were
taken:
• Fish breeding and fish seed supply services were ensured uninterrupted at all the districts of
the State even during the lockdown period. 1381.72 lac fish seed was produced by the
Department since the start of COVID-period from March 2020 up to December, 2020.
• The District Administration of every district was requested to issue permission to Fisheries
Staff as well as to fish farmers to collect fish seed from Govt. fish seed farms and feed from
supply points. Fish seed was supplied by the department at the door steps of farmers in
villages as per requirement.
• Advisories for purchasing and supplying the seed, their stocking etc. were issued to fish
farmers regularly through digital modes of communications like bulk SNS and Whatsapps
messages.
• To resolve this situation the farmers were encouraged regularly and Shrimp seed started
arriving from last week of May and farmers slowly picked up their pond stocking.
 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 47
• Despite adverse situation due to COVID-19, shrimp farming has been practiced in an
appreciable 397 acres and shrimp harvesting resulted in about 788 tons which is better than
last year of about 750 tons. Due to less shrimp production in coastal areas as a result of
COVID-19, farmers are fetching a handsome rate of an average Rs.350-400/kg shrimp.
• Extension services and elementary training on fish farming was imparted on regular basis.
Awareness camps like celebration of Fish farmer day on 10th July 2020 and World Fisheries
Day was celebrated on 21st December 2020 were conducted at all the district offices abiding
all guidelines of COVID-19.

The department officials carried out random checks on sale of banned Thai Magur Fish to cult
exploitation of general public.

2.6 Factors influencing agricultural performance

Rainfall
Although Punjab has adequate irrigation facilities and limited dependence on rainfall for its irrigation
needs yet rainfall can play a significant role in terms of variation in agricultural output due to the
damage to crops caused by excessive rain or floods. During 2019 the state received 578.6 mm of
rainfall and in 2018, the state received 598.3 mm of rainfall. The rainfall in various districts varied
from 107.2 mm in Firozpur to 1306.9 in Gurdaspur. Figure 25 highlights the average actual rainfall
and departure from the normal (as defined by the rainfall records of 1951 to 2000) by districts of
Punjab for the year 2018.
Figure 25: District-wise average annual rainfall and departure from normal-2018 (%))

1400 40%
1200 20%
1000 0%
800 -20%
600 -40%
400 -60%
200 -80%
0 -100%

Rainfall (mm) Departure of annual rainfall (%)

Source: Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 2018-19, Rainfall Statistics of India 2018 & Indian Meteorological Department.

Punjab is vulnerable to several types of natural hazards. A substantial part of the geographical area of
the State is flood prone but most of it is protected through flood control measures. Occasionally,
Punjab experiences hailstorms, which cause damage to standing crops(Gulati, Roy, & Hussain,
2017).There has been minimal damage to crops due to normal rainfall in the year 2017-18. The value
of crops damaged amounted to Rs. 2,46,000 and the damaged area forms a mere 0.02% of the total
48 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
cropped area. However, in 2019, 1.51 lac hectares of the total agricultural area was affected by floods
and hydro-metrological hazards during South-West Monsoon-2019 (DAC&FW, 2019)9.
Inputs
Fertilizers
It is observed by few experts that over use of fertilizer is a serious cause of concern in Punjab.In the
post Green Revolution period fertilizer consumption increased significantly in the State from 37.5 kg
per ha in 1970-71 to 162.6 kg per ha in 1990-91 and 243 kg per ha in 2010-11. In 2019-20 it was 242
kg per ha. In 1990-91, per ha use of fertilizer in Punjab was more than twice the average used in
India.
Figure 26: Nitrogen to Potassium use and Phosphorus to Potassium use in Punjab.

Punjab witnessed an improvement in the balanced use of Fertilizers

since 1990-91

58.5

43.8

25.0 26.6
21.9 23.3
18.1 19.2
12.3
4.4 7.1 6.0 6.2 6.3

1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2018-19 2019-20

Nitrogen to Potassium Phosphorus to Potassium

Source: Director of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Punjab

In 2010-11, this ratio stood at 1.67, as the all India average use of fertilizer per ha also increased.
Between 2011-12 and 2013-14, it again started rising as average use at the all India level dropped,
forming the U-shaped curve seen in (Figure 27). In 2018-19, the latest year for which data is
available for both the state and the country, the ratio was 1.69.
A related concern is the imbalanced use of fertilizers. The ideal ratio for use of Nitrogen,
Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) is 4:2:1. However, a regime of urea subsidy to bolster the green
revolution led to a situation of overuse of nitrogen fertilizer. At the all India level, the ratio of use was
6.3:2.5:1 in 2018-19. In Punjab, the usage was in the ratio of 33.1:7.8:1. during the same period
However, this is a significant improvement over 1990-91, when the ratio stood at 58.5:21.9:1.The
ratio has further improved in 2019-20 (Figure 26).

9
DAC&FW. (2019). Farm sector news. Agricultural Situation in India, VOL. LXXVI No 9, Dec 2019. Ministry of
Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. Available at https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/PDF/December2019.pdf.
 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 49
Figure 27: Fertilizers use pattern in Punjab

300 Fertiliser use in Kg/ha

250

200

150

100

50

0
1960-61

1970-71

1980-81

1990-91

2000-01

2010-11

2019-20
Ratio of fertilizer use in Punjab to India (kg/ha)

2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1990-91

1995-96

2000-01

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

2017-18

2018-19

Source: Directorate of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Punjab and Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2019.
 50 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Box 6: Deforestation and the scope for agro-forestry in Punjab

Forest cover in the State is relatively low as compared to many other States. According to land use
statistics, the state has roughly 5% of its area under forests Figure 19. In contrast, the Forest Survey
of India draws on satellite imagery to provide data on actual forest cover. This shows that Punjab is
the state with the second-lowest forest cover of 3.67% (Figure 28). Despite an improvement since
2015, this is much lower than the actual all India average of 21.7%, which in turn is substantially
lower than the national target of 33%. Moreover, only a negligible share of the forest cover is under
very dense forests (canopy density of 70% or more). More than half of the forest cover (56%)
amounts to open forests, implying a canopy density between 10 and 40% (Forest Survey of India,
2019).
Figure 28: Forest cover as percentage of total area, bottom 10 states

20%
15%
10%
0.036714189
5%
0%
Punjab

Bihar

Maharashtra

Andhra

Telangana
Haryana

UP

West Bengal
Rajasthan

Gujarat

Source: Forest Survey of India, 2019

Continued deforestation, on account of forests being diverted for industrial and other projects is also
of concern. Since 1980, Punjab has diverted 801 sq. km of land to non-forest uses. This amounted to
26% of the forest area in the state in 2019 (e-Green watch, 2020). The last big diversion was in
2009, when 676 sq. km of forest land was diverted. This has dwindled in recent years (Figure 29).
Figure 29: Diversion of land from forest purposes (in ha) in Punjab between 2010 and 2019

1000 902.2

800
In Hectares

600 508.3 502.9

433.5
400
249.0 270.3
217.7
200 144.1
3.4 1.8
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Source: e-Green watch, 2020

 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 51

Any continued diversion points to the importance of compensatory afforestation. The Forest
Conservation Act (FCA) 1980 stipulates that any project that requires forest diversion must require
afforestation to compensate for the loss of forest land. While the State government undertakes the
afforestation work, the user agency taking control of the land, pays for this work.
However, given the already low forest cover, steps need to be taken to expand forests over and
above the existing resources. One solution could be to encourage agro-forestry. The Food and
Agriculture Organisation (FAO) identifies agroforestry as a part of climate smart agricultural
strategies, due to the ability of these systems to prevent soil erosion, improve water infiltration, and
diversify sources of farm income (FAO, 2013). Moreover, by practising boundary plantation, even
small farmers in the State would be able to diversify, without need for sacrificing land.
The FAO has suggested certain strategies for encouraging agroforestry (Buttoud, 2013). In the
context of India and Punjab, some of the relevant strategies are as below:

• Increase awareness through localised research and extension. Essentially, extension workers
must provide contextual knowledge, and demonstrate both technical and economic viability
of pursuing agro forestry. This should also address the needs of small farmers. For instance,
forestry can have long gestation periods. Hence, for maintaining income flows in the short
term it may require adjusting the cropping practices accordingly.
• Create agricultural policies that consider the role of trees in rural development. For instance,
the National Agro forestry Policy, 2014 had made a case for convergence between different
programmes such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA),
Integrated Watershed Management Programme, National Rural Livelihood Mission
(NRLM) etc.
• Promote inter-departmental coordination for better policy coherence. In India, and Punjab,
forest departments, land revenue departments, local bodies as well as the Department of
Agriculture may need to coordinate to identify regulatory hindrances to growth of the sector.
• Strengthen market linkages for tree products: currently timber falls within the purview of the
contract farming law in Punjab. Marketing infrastructure similar to other agricultural
commodities would help build the commercial case for agro forestry. Encouraging Farmer
Producer Organisations for collectivisation in marketing may also be helpful.

Sources:
Source: Directorate of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, Punjab
Forest Survey of India. (2019). India State of Forest Report 2019. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Available at http://fsi.nic.in/isfr-volume-i.
e-Green Watch (2020). Integrated e-Governance Portal for Automation, Streamlining & Effective Management of
Processes related to Plantation & Other Forestry Works. Available at
http://egreenwatch.nic.in/FCAProjects/Public/Rpt_State_Wise_Count_FCA_projects.aspx?id=28
FAO (2013). Climate Smart Agriculture Sourcebook. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/i3325e/i3325e.pdf
Buttoud G., (2013). Advancing Agroforestry on the Policy Agenda A guide for decision-makers. Food and Agriculture
Organisation of the United Nations. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3182e.pdf
Department of Agriculture & Cooperation. (2014). National Agroforestry Policy. Ministry of Agriculture. Available at
http://agricoop.gov.in/sites/default/files/National_agroforestry_policy_2014.pdf.
52 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Pesticides
Pesticide use has similarly moderated (Figure 30). Usage of pesticides peaked in 2000-01 reaching
6970 metric tonnes. Since 2011-12, it has hovered around an average of 5717 metric tonnes. This was
affected by high usage in 2016-17 (5843 MT), possibly in response to the pest attack in the previous
year. In 2019-20, pesticide use declined by 3.0% over the previous year.
Figure 30: Pesticide use in Punjab, in metric tonnes

Pesticides use witnessed a spike in 2016-17 in response to the whitefly pest attack
5900
5843
5850 5820
5800
5750 5720 5721
5690 5699 5690
5700
5650
5650
5600
5550
2011-12 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Source: Directorate of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Punjab

Power
Punjab provides free electricity to its farmers. In 2017-18, electricity consumed by the agricultural
sector in Punjab increased by 1% over the previous year to reach 12295 GWh. This was 26% of total
electricity sold in the state, higher than the corresponding 20% registered at the all India level. Even
this reflects a decrease in the same ratio over the years. In 2011-12, a little more than 30% of total
electricity sold was used for agricultural purposes, though in absolute terms, the electricity consumed
by the agriculture sector was lower.

Figure 31: Percentage share of total electricity sold going for agricultural purposes

A Large portion of electricity genrated is used for agriculture in Punjab

35% 30%
30% 28% 26%
25% 21% 21% 20%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
2011-12 2016-17 2017-18

All India Punjab

Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, various years

 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 53
Easy access to power may have incentivize farmers to over-exploit ground water resources.To
address this important issue, the Punjab government has launched the Paani Bachao Paise Kamaos
scheme. It is a pilot Direct Benefit Transfer scheme being implemented in six agriculture feeder areas.
The participant farmer gets a fixed allocation of electricity consumption. If the farmer consumes less
than the fixed allocation, he/she receives a benefit of Rs. 4 per KWh of electricity not consumed.
Moreover, electricity under the programme is available during daytime hours, unlike regular
electricity received by farmers which is rostered, and hence unpredictable in supply. It causes farmers
to leave their pump sets on auto-starters, that switch the pump set on or off based on electricity
supply. Hence, if electricity is available at night when the farmer is not overseeing the irrigation, it
may cause wastage, if more water than required, is extracted. By ensuring daytime supply of
electricity, the scheme aims to control wastage of water on this front (Gill, 2019)10.
Credit
According to the Situation of Agricultural Households in India (NSSO, 2012-13), 53.2% of
agricultural households in Punjab have a loan, slightly higher than the all India estimate of 51.9%.
However, loans disbursed show a dip in 2017-18 and 2018-19.Another feature is that the majority of
the loans are ‘crop loans’, i.e., working capital loans to finance one season of cultivation. In contrast,
term loans were 30% of the total loan disbursed in 2018-19, raising concerns about the capacity of
farmers to undertake long term investment on their farms.
Figure 32: Agricultural loans disbursed during the year

Majority of the loans disbursed in punjab are 'crop loans'

90000
80000
70000 8435 16267.16 23433.58
20214.5783
60000
50000
40000
30000 64528
58034.3 52986.9313 54022.87
20000
10000
0
2014-15 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

Crop loans (in Rs. Crore) Term Loans (in Rs. Crore)

Source: Agriculture Statistics at a Glance, various years

Irrigation
Punjab has a well developed irrigation network with almost whole of the cropped area under
irrigation as compared to the all India level, where less than half the cropped area was under irrigation
(Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, 2019)11. In this context an interesting
aspect is the source of irrigation. While at the all India level, sources of irrigation are diversified, in

10
Gill, B. (2019). Saving Punjab's groundwater, one agricultural pump at a time. Available at
https://www.teriin.org/article/saving-punjabs-groundwater-one-agricultural-pump-time
11
Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (2019). Pocket Book of Agricultural Statistics, 2018.
54 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Punjab, most of the area under irrigation is under tubewells (Figure 33). This has implications for the
availability of groundwater in the state.
The area irrigated by tube wells has been increasing (Figure 34) over period . The number of
tube wells in the State has increased from 10.73 lac in 2000-01 to 14.76 lac in 2018-19, on account of
tube wells operated on electricity increasing from 7.88 lac to 13.36 lac during the same time period.
While the reduction in diesel operated tube wells is better for the environment, excessive extraction
groundwater may not be compatible with sustainable agriculture.

Figure 33: Sources of irrigation, India and Punjab, 2014-15

Punjab India

Source: Irrigation Statistical Yearbook of India

Figure 34: Number of tube wells (in lac)

The reduction in diesel operated tubewells is better for the

13 environment

10

7
Diesel Operated
4 Electrictity Operated

1
1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2018-19

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

According to Punjab Guidelines for Groundwater Extraction And Conservation, 2020 (Punjab Water
Regulation and Development Authority), the stage of ground water extraction in Punjab varies from
24% in Dhar Kalan block, Pathankot to 368% in Patran Block, Patiala. In the overexploited category,
out of a total of 109 blocks, 65 fall in the range of 103% to 199% whereas 44 fall in the range of
200% to 368%. The 44 blocks in Punjab that have a stage of ground water extraction exceeding 200%
have been designated as "ORANGE" because of the higher extent of over-exploitation. These blocks
would need most immediate and urgent attention for management and conservation of ground water
in a fast track mode
 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 55
. There are 65 blocks in Punjab which are having stage of ground water extraction between 100
and 199% have been designated as "YELLOW" due to over-exploitation of ground water and need
appropriate management and water conservation measures on an urgent basis.
Blocks that have ground water extraction levels below 100% (three categories,
Critical, Semi-critical and Safe, clubbed together) have been designated as “GREEN" (29 in Punjab)
and need appropriate water management measures so that ground water conditions remain sustainable
in the long run.

One solution is to promote the micro-irrigation system, comprising sprinkler and drip irrigation
that enable precision farming by making water available in a targeted manner. Besides being
water-saving, it aids soil health management. According to the Report on Input Management for
Resource Use Efficiency by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, GOVERNMENT OF
INDIA, Punjab has a low penetration of Micro Irrigation systems. Approximately, 48,281 hectares of
Punjab’s area is covered under micro-irrigation, as of March 2018. This is less than 0.5% of the total
area under micro-irrigation in the country.
The Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana was initiated to improve on-farm water use efficiency by
enhancing adoption of precision irrigation and other water saving technologies. The scheme includes
four components viz. i) “Har Khet ko Pani” which involves repair, restoration and renovation of
water bodies, ii) “Per Drop More Crop” which includes introduction of water saving technologies,
iii) “Watershed”that includes effective management of runoff water and improved soil and moisture

Box 7: Preservation of the Sub-soil Management Act

It requires 4,500 litres of water to grow one kg of sathi rice when it is sown in April-May. But if
sowing is done around mid-June, water requirement reduces to 1,500-2,000 litres. Water
requirement is high in April-May because the evaporation rate is high and there is no rain. As a
result, all the water used in irrigation is groundwater. In June-July, rainfall supports water needs of
the crop.
Using this logic, the preservation of the Sub Soil Management Ordinance was issued in April 2008.
It prohibited farmers from sowing paddy seeds in nurseries before May 10 and transplanting the
saplings before June 10. 2008 saw good rainfall and farmers did not face water stress. The ordinance
had an impact. Almost no transplantations were seen by May 10, saplings were transplanted on only
22 per cent of the paddy fields by June 10. In 2007, transplantation had taken place in 42 per cent of
paddy fields by this time. The positive outcome elicited the enactment of the Punjab Preservation of
Subsoil Water Act was in 2009.
The law allows no farmer to sow nursery of paddy before 10th Day of May of the agricultural year
or such other date as may be notified by the State Government by notification in the Official Gazette
for any local area. The law had a significant impact in slowing the dip in the water table in Punjab.
(Gulati, Roy, & Hussain, 2017) mention that while the average annual rate of decline of ground
water was 0.9% from 2000-01 to 2008-09, the decline was only 0.7% from 2008-09 to 2012-13.
Thus, the average annual decline in ground water was reduced by 0.2% after the enactment of the
law.
Source: Gulati, A., Roy, R., & Hussain, S. (2017). Getting Punjab Agriculture Back on High Growth Path: Sources,
Drivers and Policy Lessons. ICRIER.

conservation and iv) “MGNREGA” which includes repair and renovation of village ponds and
construction of rainwater harvesting facilities. According to the State Irrigation Plan of Punjab, the
56 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
expected decrease in water withdrawal/increase in groundwater recharge in all districts of Punjab
under different components is 14974.37 MCM (Million Cubic Meter) per year. The maximum
decrease in water withdrawal/increase in groundwater recharge of 11949.052 MCM is expected under
component of 'Per Drop More Crop' followed by 'Har Khet Ko Pani' (2324.814 MCM), 'Watershed'
(527.774 MCM) and 'MGNREGA' (172.728 MCM)12.
Farm Mechanisation
As compared to other states, Punjab has high mechanization of major farm operations which has
substantially improved the productivity of crops and the efficiency of farmers by obtaining more
output with lesser involvement of labour, increasing cropping intensity and saving their time and
costs. The time and labour so saved can be used by the farmer to venture into agriculture allied
activities of dairy farming, poultry farming, beekeeping, fishing etc.
In 2018-19 there were 4.50 lac tractors being used for cultivation and 14.75 lac tubewells used for
irrigation in the State.
Table 18 highlights the increasing mechanization in the State of Punjab with the number of tractors,
disc-harrows, self-propelled combines and tube wells increase
Table 18: Agricultural Machinery and Implements in Punjab (in ‘000’)

2000-01 2018-19

Tractors 395 450.2

Disc-Harrow 255 262.5

Seed cum Fertilizer Drills 180 141.5

Combine Harvester (Self-Propelled) 2.9 7.98

Combine Harvester (Tractor driven) 5.1 4.2

Threshers 285 88

Tube wells 1062 1475.7

Source: Directorate of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Punjab

Promotion of agricultural mechanisation for management of crop residue

Paddy straw management is a major challenge for the state because of the air pollution caused by the
burning of paddy straw. In order to promote innovation in paddy straw management, an amount of Rs.
5 crores has been allocated. Due to the efforts of State Government the area under paddy residue
burning is decreased during Kharif 2020 as compared to those during Kharif 2019.
During 2018-19, the state government received Rs. 269.38 crores out of which Rs. 266.5 crores were
spent. During 2019-20, an amount equivalent to Rs. 243 crores were spent out of an allocation of Rs.
273.80 crores. Further, during 2020-21 under the Central government scheme of "Promotion of
agricultural mechanisation for management of crop residue", Rs. 250 crores was allocated.

12
State Irrigation Plan, PMKSY 2017
 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 57
As many as 75000 machines have been provided during 2018-2021 out if which around 27500
agricultural equipment were distributed to individual farmers and 48000 have been provided to the
Custom Hiring Centres under primary agriculture co-operative societies and farmer groups to provide
it to the farmers on a hiring basis at nominal rentals.

2.7 Institutions and infrastructure

Storage
Figure 35: State wise storage capacity in India

Punjab holds the Highest storage capacity in India

250
in Lakh Metric Tonnes

200

150

100

50

Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2019

Punjab has the highest storage capacity in India. As of March 2020, the storage capacity with
Food Corporation of India (FCI), Central Warehouse Corporation (CWC) and Department of Food
and Civil Supplies in Punjab was 269.44 lac metric tonnes. The cold storage capacity in the state as of
March 2019 was 23 lac metric tonnes with a total of 688 cold storage projects. This was 6% of the
country’s cold storage capacity.
Market Access
Punjab has well connected and adequate marketing infrastructure. As of 2020, there were 154
regulated agricultural markets in Punjab, out of which, 152 were principal markets and 283 were
submarket yards.
In 2015, there were 424 regulated agricultural markets in Punjab, out of which, 150 were principal
markets and 274 were submarket yards (Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income, 2017)13. This amounts
to a catchment area of 116 sq. km for every market, higher than the 80 sq. km recommended by the
National Commission of Farmers, 2004. However, the Dalwai Committee (Committee on Doubling
Farmers’ Income, 2017) argues that the recommendation was made at a time when road connectivity
was not as robust. In its own analysis, the Committee found that Punjab was among the few states that
did not at present have a requirement for any additional regulated markets. In fact, in terms of density
of markets, only Delhi surpassed Punjab with a catchment area of 93 sq. km per market.

13
Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income (2017). Report of the Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income, Vol IV, “Post-
production interventions: Agricultural Marketing”. Available at
http://farmer.gov.in/imagedefault/DFI/DFI%20Volume%204.pdf
58 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Additionally, Punjab has 1390 rural primary markets and 488 farmers’ markets called Apni Mandis
where farmers directly sale to retail consumers.
There is some inter-district variation in the adequacy of markets. For instance, Sangrur has 15
markets, each serving 37 villages per regulated market. On the other hand, in Hoshiarpur, 277 villages
are served per regulated market, with 5 regulated markets available. On average, 81 villages in Punjab
are served by one regulated principal market.

Figure 36: District-wise number of regulated markets and average number of villages served per
market in Punjab, 2019-20

There is some inter-district variation in the adequacy of markets

16 300
14 250
12
10 200
8 150
6 100
4
2 50
0 0

Number of regulated markets Avg. no. of villages served per regulated market

Source: Punjab Mandi Board

Procurement
Punjab has a well-functioning procurement systems also. The percentage of the produced wheat
crop procured was 94.6% in the year 2018-19 while, that of the paddy crop was 89% in Punjab.
Punjab produced 11% and 18% of the total rice and wheat production of India, the respective share of
contributions of the rice and wheat crops from Punjab to the Central Pool was approximately 26% and
36% in 2018-19. As per the advanced estimates released by the Department of Food and Public
Distribution, as on 31st December 2020, 37.82% of the country’s wheat procurement and 20.92% of
the country’s rice procurement was from Punjab.
 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 59
Box 8: Electronic National Agricultural Market in Punjab

The electronic National Agricultural Market (eNAM) is a national agricultural products market
platform to create a network of physical mandis which can be accessed online by buyers,
farmers and commission agents. It involves the registration of the produce with the platform by
the seller/ farmer which calls forth a price quote from the buyer interested to purchase it. Once
the trade match takes place, and the produce is quality checked, an online payment is made to
the seller, and the produce delivered to the buyer. The market also provides access to a larger
national market for commission agents to make secondary trades.
e NAM has several advantages including –

• Transparency: As the prices are visible online, it is impossible for commission agents
and traders to distort the market or manipulate the prices.
• Direct link between farmer and buyer: Since farmers can be directly on the platform,
it empowers them to bypass commission agents, otherwise an integral part of the
physical markets.
• Access to larger markets:Prior to the portal, farmers were forced to sell their produce,
especially non-MSP harvests, in their local markets. e-NAM would be able to bypass by
allowing farmers of one mandi to trade with buyers of another, thus providing access to
a larger market.

According to the e-NAM website, 37 mandis in Punjab are already linked to the portal. Punjab
has permitted sale of seven commodities on the platform. These include basmati, maize, potato,
kinnow, cotton, peas (green) and moong. As on 31st December 2020, 2242 traders, 8134
commission agents and 2,16,701 farmers of Punjab were registered under e-NAM.
Sources:
https://enam.gov.in/web/state-unified-license/no-of-unified-licenses
https://enam.gov.in/web/dashboard/stakeholder-data

Table 19: Production and Procurement of Principal crops of Punjab (in 000 tonnes)

Paddy Wheat
Year % of % of
Production Procurement production Production Procurement production
procured procured
1980-81 4850 4432 91.4% 7677 4270 55.6%
1990-91 9710 7882 81.2% 12159 7109 58.5%
2000-01 13735 11057 80.5% 15551 9698 62.4%
2010-11 16148 13136 81.3% 16472 10278 62.4%
2017-18 19965 17972 90.0% 17830 11834 66.4%
2018-19 19130 17027 89.0% 18257 17281 94.6%
2019-20(P) 18917 16381 86.6% 17616 12686 72.0%
Source: Directorate of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Punjab and Department of Food and Civil Supplies, Punjab
60 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

2.8 Agricultural Land holdings profile

Land
Punjab has a relatively smaller share of marginal and small farmers in comparison to all India
averages (Figure 37 and Figure 38). While 69% of land holdings are marginal (less than 1 ha) at the
all India level, for Punjab is it merely 14%. Large farms (greater than 10 ha) comprise 5% of Punjab’s
land holdings, compared to 1% at the all India level.
Figure 37: Share of area of operational holdings, by size of land

Punjab has relatively fewer share of marginal and small farmers in comparison
to all India

44%
24% 23% 25% 24% 20% 22%
7% 9%
2%

Marginal Small Semi-Medium Medium Large

Punjab All India

Source: Agricultural Census, 2015-16

Figure 38: Share of number of operational holdings, by size of land

69%

34%
28%
14% 19% 18%
9% 5%
4% 1%

Marginal Small Semi-Medium Medium Large

Punjab All India

Land
Source: Agricultural Census, 2015-16

Income and Indebtedness

Agricultural households in Punjab enjoy high incomes and relatively low indebtedness. The
NABARD All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) noted a marked variation among states
with respect to the average monthly household income of agricultural households (NABARD,
2018)14. The agricultural households in Punjab had the highest average monthly income( Rs.23,133),
followed by Haryana (Rs. 18,496) and Kerala (Rs. 16,927) reported maximum income levels in 2016-
17. This is indicative of the fact that this sector is making a sizeable contribution to the State’s
economy.

14
NABARD (2018). All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) 2016-17. Available at
https://www.nabard.org/auth/writereaddata/tender/1608180417NABARD-Repo-16_Web_P.pdf
 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development 61
Figure 39 plots the incidence of indebtedness in states against the average income of the agricultural
households in the State. It shows that Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat are the only three states in
Quadrant IV (i.e., those states whose average income from agriculture is greater than the average for

Figure 39: Average Agricultural Income and Incidence of Indebtedness among Agricultural
Households

Quadrant I
Quadrant II

Quadrant III Quadrant IV

Source: NABARD All India Financial Inclusion Survey, 2016-17

General Category States and the proportion of households reporting indebtedness in the past year is
below the average for General Category States).
However, it seems that indebtedness is higher among the marginal farmers. According to the Situation
Assessment Survey 2013, 46.2% of the households belonging to “up to 1 hectare of land” possession
category were indebted, in comparison to the 2.4% indebted households of the households possessing
greater than 10 hectares of land. The average outstanding loan amount not surprisingly increased with
increasing holding size. The average amount of loan outstanding for a household possessing less than
0.01 hectares of land was the least at Rs. 13,100, followed by Rs. 24,600 for 0.01-0.40 hectares and
Rs. 51,600 for 0.41-1 hectares. Whereas the largest average loan amount outstanding was 9,27,400 of
households possessing greater than 10 hectares of land (Figure 40)15. It is expected that large farmers
would have greater repayment capacity commensurated with size of loan outstanding.

15
(n.d.). Income, Expenditure, Productive Assets and Indebtedness of Agricultural Households in India. National Sample
Survey Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
62 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Figure 40: Land size-wise Average Amount of Outstanding Loan (Rs 00) per agricultural household in
Punjab

9274
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000 3266
3000 2292
1641
2000 1195
1000 246 516
131
0
< 0.01 0.01 - 0.40 0.41 - 1.00 1.01 - 2.00 2.01 - 4.00 4.01 - 10.00 10.00 + all sizes

Source: Income, Expenditure, Productive Assets and Indebtedness of Agricultural Households in India, MoSPI

Crop Loan Waiver Scheme

Keeping the high indebtedness among marginal farmers in mind, the State government has introduced
the Crop Loan Waiver Scheme in the State in 2017. The State Government is trying to address these
issues as high priority agenda. During 2019-20, an amount of Rs. 2866.60 crores was given to
4,48,067 farmers as crop loan relief. During 2020-21, an amount of Rs. 1.11 crores was given to 146
farmers as crop loan relief and an amount of Rs. 1325.70 crore to be distributed to1,25,436 farmers.

2.9 Rural development

According to the 2011 census, 62.52% of the total population of Punjab resided in rural areas, vis a
vis 69% at the all India level. According to the NSS report on Income, Expenditure, Productive Assets
and Indebtedness of Agricultural Households in India, 51.1% of the rural households of Punjab were
agricultural households. Hence, rural development and agricultural prosperity are closely linked.
Employment
The share of agriculture in rural employment has declined from 52.37 % in 2011-1216 to 38.74 % in
2018-19.17 There has been a corresponding increase in the share of services sector in rural
employment from 19.16 % in 2011-12 to 29.42% in 2018-19. Further, the proportion of casual labour
in rural employment also witnessed a decline from 32% in 2011-12 to 28% in 2018-19.

16
NSSO (2014). Employment and Unemployment Situation in India. NSS 68th round. July 2011-June 2012. Available at
http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/nss_report_554_31jan14.pdf
17
NSSO (2019). Periodic Labour Force Survey. Available at
http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-
18_31052019.pdf?download=1
 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development
Developme 63
Figure 41: Sector-wise
wise share in employment
employment in Punjab (in %) and share of employment type of
rural households (%)

120
2018
2018-19 100 7.6 14
29.42
80 32 27.8
38.74 60
19.16 18 20.5
40

20 42.4 37.6
2011-12 52.37
0
28.47 2011-12 2018-19
2018

31.86 Self- Employed Regular wage/ Salary

Casual Labour Others

Agriculture Industrial Services

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2018-19,

2018 19, Employment and Unemployment Situation in India, 2011-12
2011
Note: The data extracted from PLFS and Employment and Unemployment Situati
Situation
on report may not be strictly
comparable

Rural Poverty
Punjab has managed to significantly reduce the proportion of its overall population below
poverty line and rural population decreased from 22.10% in 2004-05 05 to 7.66% in 2011-12.
2011 The
percentage of rural population living below poverty line in Punjab was 7.66% in comparison to the
25.70% of rural population living below poverty line at an all India level. Punjab’s rural poverty has
witnessed
sed a 14.44 percentage points decline over the period between 2004-052004 05 and 2011
2011-12. The
headcount ratio in urban areas was lower than that of rural areas in 2004
2004-05.
05. However, in 2011
2011-12 the
headcount ratio in urban areas was higher than that of rural areas.
Figure 42:: Headcount ratio in rural areas vis-a-vis
vis urban areas, Punjab

22.1%
18.7%

9.2%
7.7%

Urban Rural
2004-05 2011-12

Source: Niti Aayog, erstwhile Planning Commission of India

64 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Rural Housing Figure 43: Condition of rural households in Punjab

Decent housing conditions are a basic and India
requirement for ensuring development and
growth of the rural sector. Census 2011 Only 7.5% of the rural houses in Punjab
highlights that 45.2% of rural houses in Punjab are in dilapidated condition
can be classified as ‘good’, against a national 7.5%
average of 45.9% (Figure 43). The proportion of Punjab
rural households living in ‘dilapidated’ 6.5%
conditions on the other hand are 7.5% in
comparison to the national average of 6.5%. Good
45.9% 45.2%
India
By the time of the NFHS-4 (2015-16), 72.4% of 47.6% Livable
total rural households lived in pucca houses, 47.3% Dilapidated
while 27% lived in semi-pucca houses and only
0.6% of the total rural households lived in
kachha houses.18

Source: Census of India, 2011

Access to basic services
Although Punjab has better drinking water facilities from many other States yet there is scope of lot
of improvement . 6 districts in Punjab report 100 % of the total inhabited villages to be deficient in
drinking water .19 Out of the 6 districts reporting 100% of its villages as water scarce, 5 districts
belong to only Malwa belt of Punjab. The factors responsible for this acute problem of water scarcity
include exploitation of the available groundwater for irrigation purposes and the presence of toxic
heavy metals, Selenium, Arsenic, Uranium and pesticides being reported in the groundwater.
(Towards Managing Rural Water Quality in the State of Punjab)20
According to the NSSO’s 76th round on Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition
in India, 93.4% of the rural households in Punjab have access to a latrine in comparison to the
national average of 71.3%.21 NFHS-4 (2015-16) also states that 99% of the rural households have
access to improved drinking water facility and 99.6% of them have access to electricity in Punjab.
Connectivity
All the inhabited villages in Punjab have been linked with pucca roads. Punjab has an extensive road
network. At the end of March 2017, Punjab held a network of national highways of length 3,228
kms, state highways of length 1,103 kms and roads of length 1,39,492 kms. A well-developed
network for Indian railways of length 2,269 kms also exists in Punjab. The state accounts for
approximately 3.4% of the total railway network in India.22An average, the population of 8,171 people
was served by one post office in Punjab in the year 2019-20. .

18
(2015-16). Nation Family Health Survey (NFHS-4). International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS).
19
Statistical Abstract of Punjab
20
(n.d.). Towards Managing Rural Drinking Water Quality in the State of Punjab. World Bank. Retrieved from
http://www.pbdwss.gov.in/dwss/circulars/WQ_strategy_mitigation.pdf
21
(2019). Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India. Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation. Retrieved from http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_584_final_0.pdf
22
RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States
 Chapter 3 Industrial Development

Industrialization plays a vital role in the economic development of a nation. Industrialization helps
in the structural changes in the economy which represents a rising share of industry and services
in the GSVA as compared to agriculture. Hence for sustainable growth of economy, it is
imperative that the industrial sector is given due importance and efforts required to develop it
simultaneously with that of agriculture sector.
To give further boost to industrial sector in the state, the State Government has noltified the
Industrial & Business Development Policy-2017, which is a part of the vision to put the state back
on high trajectory of growth and prosperity. The new Policy is a holistic framework for sustainable
industrial growth of the State. The Policy is architected around eight core strategic pillars of
infrastructure, Power, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSME), Ease of Doing Business,
Startup & Entrepreneurship, Skill Development, Fiscal & Non-Fiscal Incentives and Stakeholder
Engagement supported by Sector Specific Strategies for growth. The policy offers attractive
opportunities for companies to invest in the State.
Industry is estimated to grow by 1.13% during the year 2019-20(Q).Within Industry mining is
likely to grow by 17.79%,Manufacturing by 0.07% and construction by 1.84%.The electricity,gas
and utility sector has shown a sharp recovery with a positive growth at 4.13% in 2019-20(Q).

3.1 Introduction
The industrial sector constitutes about a fourth of the overall GSVA and one third of the employment
in Punjab. Manufacturing contributes the largest share of industrial sector in Punjab – accounting for
more than half the industrial sector GSVA. Construction follows next, contributing more than a
quarter of the industrial GSVA. In manufacturing, while traditionally agriculture-based sector – such
as food processing and textile, wearing apparel have dominated, going forward, the light engineering
sector may provide future opportunities for growth.
Government of Punjab has established Punjab Bureau of Investment Promotion (PBIP) to provide
one-stop Clearance of the proposals of new investment in the State.

3.2 Performance
In 2018-19, industrial GSVA growth in Punjab is in line with industrial sector growth at the all India
level.(Figure 44) Over the six year period between 2013-14 and 2018-19, industrial sector at the all
India level registered an average growth of 6.5% in GVA while Punjab registered a growth of 5.6%
in GSVA. In 2018-19, however, the State performed better – with a growth rate of 4.9%. In 2019-20,
it is expected that Punjab industrial GSVA will decrease by 0.07% in comparison to negative growth
of 2.4 % at all India level.
66 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Figure 44: Growth of industrial GSVA at constant prices, India and Punjab

Industrial growth in Punjab expected to grow with national average

12.0%
10.0%
8.0%
6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%
-2.0% 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

India Punjab

Source: MoSPI and Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Due to its large share in the industrial sector GSVA, manufacturing closely determines the growth
tendency of the entire sector. Manufacturing accounts for more than of half the industrial sector
GSVA (Figure 45). Construction follows next, contributing more than a quarter of the industrial
GSVA. Between 2011-12 and 2019-20, there has been a reduction in the share of both the
manufacturing and construction sub-sectors, largely on account of the increasing share of electricity,
gas, water supply and other utilities.
Figure 45: Share of sub sectors in industrial GSVA in Punjab, current prices

58.2% 54.8%

30.7%
27.1%
18.0%
11.1%
0.1% 0.1%
2011-12
Electricity, Gas, Water
Manufacturing

Construction
Mining & Quarrying

2019-20(Q)
Supply & other Utility
Services

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Accordingly Figure 46 shows, the growth rates of the manufacturing sector and industrial sector
overall move closely together. In 2019-20(Q), the manufacturing sector is estimated to grow by
0.07%. However, due to overall industrial growth to grow by 1.13%. Industrial performance across
districts is affected by whether they are located on the border or not.
 Chapter 3: Industrial Developement 67
Figure 46: Growth rate of industrial sector GSVA

Growth in industry sector mirrors the growth in manufacturing

20%
16%
12%
8%
4%
0%
-4% 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19(P) 2019-20(Q)
-8%
-12%
Industry
Manufacturing
Electricity, Gas, Water Supply & other Utility Services
Construction

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

3.3 Index of industrial production

Contrary to GSVA trends, the general Index of Industrial Production (IIP) has shown frail growth in
2019-20. Overall IIP growth decreased to -1.2% in 2019-20 from 11.2% in 2018-19. Manufacturing,
with a weight of 80.7%, accelerated since 2016-17 but decreased in 2019-20. Since IIP is a volume-
based measure; a difference in the trends with industrial GSVA is not incompatible. That is, even as
volume growth accelerated, growth in value add (which is net of inputs from production) may have
slowed.
Figure 47: Growth rate of IIP

Growth in IIP Growth in IIP

4.5%
36%
3.7%
3.0%

12% 11.2%
8%
5% 5%
0.9%
-6%
-1.2%

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
Manufacturing General Index Electricity

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Figure 48 highlights the performers and laggards based on the average annual growth rate of IIP over
the three-year period ranging from 2017-18 to 2019-20. As can be seen, the usual suspects such as
textiles, apparel, food and beverages have done well. The highest production growth in Punjab
occurred in other manufacturing, paper and paper products. The lowest production growth happened
68 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
in leather and leather products, Computer, electronics & optical products and other non-metallic
minerals.
Figure 48: Average Annual Growth Rate of IIP over 2017-18 to 2019-20

Agro-based Industries show relatively stronger performance

11.7%
15.0%

13.2%

8.3%

8.0%
7.5%

7.1%
6.7%

6.7%
10.0%

5.8%
5.0%
4.9%

4.5%

4.6%
3.5%

3.4%
5.0%

0.0%
0.0%

-1.5%
-5.0%
-4.6%

-5.1%
-10.0%

-9.2%

-9.2%
-15.0%

Leather and related products -16.5%

-20.0%

Furniture

Basic metals

Electrical equipment
Other transport equipment

Pharmaceuticals medicinal chemical

Other Manufacturing

Food
Beverage

Printing and Reporduction of Recorded Media

Motor vehicles trailers and semi trailers

Other non-metallic mineral products

Coke and refined petroleum products

Computer electronic and optical products

Paper and paper products

Fabricated metal products

Rubber and plastics products

Textiles

Wearing Apparels

Chemicals and chemical products

Machinery and equipment nec
Wood and Products of Wood and cork expect

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

3.4 Employment
Industrial sector accounts for one third of the total employment in Punjab (PLFS 2018-19)23. This is a
slight increase from 2011-12 and 2015-16 (MoLE, 2016; NSSO, 2014)24. Within the industrial sector,
the largest share has been that of manufacturing (54.8%), followed by construction (41%), and then
the electricity sector (3.9%). The relative shares have remained around the same since 2011-12,
though there have been some changes through the years. The share of manufacturing in employment
fell between 2011-12 and 2015-16, and then recovered by 2018-19. Correspondingly, the share of the

23
NSSO (2019). Periodic Labour Force Survey. Available at
http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202018-
19_31052019.pdf?download=1
24
Ministry of Labour and Employment (2016). Report on Fifth Annual Employment - Unemployment Survey. Available at
http://labourbureaunew.gov.in/UserContent/EUS_5th_1.pdf
NSSO (2014). Employment and Unemployment Situation in India. NSS 68th round. July 2011-June 2012. Available at
http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/nss_report_554_31jan14.pdf
PLFS 2018-19 and Employment Unemployment Survey 2011-12 are not strictly comparable.
 Chapter 3: Industrial Developement 69
construction sector increased between 2011-12 and 2015-16, and then fell. On the other hand, the
share of Electricity, Water Supply and other utility services fell across this period.
Figure 49: Share of industrial sub-sectors in Employment

Manufacturing is the largest employer in industrial Sector

41.8% 49.5% 41.0%

4.8% 3.9%
3.8%

53.4% 54.8%
45.4%

2011-12 2015-16 2018-19

Mining and quarrying

Manufacturing
Electricity, Water supply and other utility services
Construction

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2018-19, Employment-Unemployment Situation of India, 2011-12, Employment and
Unemployment Survey 2015-16
Note: Data from the three surveys is not strictly comparable
The construction sector forms an important sector for Punjab and is the second largest employer after
manufacturing in the industrial sector with 14.51% of workers aged 15 years and above in the year
2018-19. Given the poor working conditions, the State Government has undertaken various initiatives
for the social and economic security of the construction workers in the State. Punjab Building and
Other Construction Workers’ Welfare Board, constituted in 2009, provides social and economic
benefits to Building and other Construction (BOC) workers. The Board extends benefits to BOC
workers in the form of insurance assistance, assistance for purchase of working tools, bi-cycle
equipment, marriage assistance, maternity benefit, death and funeral assistance, accident, medical
expense for treatment of major ailments, assistance for Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) and skill
development25. Some specific schemes include:
Interest subvention for housing:The Shahri Awas Yojna of the Board extends financial assistance in
the form of an interest subsidy @ 6.5% for a loan of Rs. 6.00 lac for 20 years, taken by an urban
construction worker having an annual income less than Rs. 6 lac.
Pension: A registered construction worker on completion of 60 years of age and three years of
membership, is entitled to a pension of Rs. 2,000/- per month.
Mobile Lab Scheme:This scheme enables quick detection of Silicosis and other diseases of registered
construction workers and their family members. Expenditure upto Rs. 1.5 lac incurred by the worker
are reimbursed under this scheme.

25
Source: http://bocw.punjab.gov.in/index.aspx?id=Welfare%20Schemes&Data=38
70 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Financial Assistance
Financial benefit upto Rs. 50,000/- or the actual expenses, whichever is less, is paid to the registered
beneficiary or their family members for ‘general surgery’.
Reimbursement is provided to construction workers and their family members for spectacles, denture
and hearing aids amounting to Rs. 800, Rs. 5,000 and Rs. 6,000 respectively.

3.5 Capital formation

Investment in the industrial sector has consistently formed about half of the total investment in
Punjab. As of 2018-19, gross capital formation in the industrial sector was 33% of the GSVA in the
sector (Figure 50).Though investment levels are relatively low, there has been an uptick in investment
since 2015-16.
Figure 50: GSCF as proportion of industrial sector GSVA at current prices

45.0% Upstick in capital formation in industrial sector since 2015-16

40.0% 38.2%

35.0% 32.3% 33.2%

30.2% 29.9% 31.1%
30.0% 28.7% 28.3%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

5.0%

0.0%
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Within the industrial sector there has been a shift in the composition of investment (Figure 51). The
share of the manufacturing sector’s capital formation in the total industrial capital formation declined
from 87% in 2011-12 to 67% in 2018-19. This was on the back of an average contraction of 8% seen
between 2014-15 and 2016-17. The year 2018-19 saw a recovery however, with capital formation
growing by 16%. The share of construction sector and the electricity, gas and water supply sector was
almost the same in 2011-12. However, due to consistent growth in construction sector investment, its
share in total industrial gross capital formation increased to 25% in 2018-19.
 Chapter 3: Industrial Developement 71
Figure 51: Share of Industrial sub-sectors in the industrial GSCF

Composition of Capital Formation in Industrial Sector has shifted towards construction

67%

25%

8%

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

Manufacturing Construction Electricity, gas and water supply

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Availability of investible funds

The increase in gross capital formation was in spite of a decline in the credit to GVA ratio in Punjab,
similar to national trends. The national trend of declining credit is attributed to the Twin Balance
Sheet (TBS) problem. The TBS refers to impaired balance sheets of public sector banks due to higher
Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) and precarious financial position of corporates slowing down credit
offtake. The same may be true for Punjab as well, though the share of Punjab in overall outstanding
credit of the country has itself been dipping. The growth rate of credit outstanding has also been
decreasing in 2018-19 (Figure 52).
Figure 52: Growth in credit to industrial sector – India and Punjab

Growth rate of credit outstanding recoverd in 2018-19

25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
-5% 2011-12 2012-13 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
-10%
-15%
-20%

Punjab India

Source: Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, RBI

72 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

3.6 Selected industrial sub-sectors: a closer look

Manufacturing Sector
As seen above, the manufacturing sector accounts for more than half of the industrial GSVA of
Punjab and 55% of the state’s industrial employment. Manufacturing may be registered, or
unregistered. The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) provides estimates on the factories in the State
that were registered under Section 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act 1948 – i.e., those units
operating with a minimum of 10 workers and power or operating with 20 workers, without power.
The Unincorporated Enterprise Survey (UES) covers unincorporated enterprises not registered under
Section 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act. ASI 2017-18 and UES 2015-16 are used to derive some
insight about the nature of manufacturing in Punjab, in this section.
Registered manufacturing
Table 20 presents the top 10 industries in Punjab, by share in total value added by the registered
manufacturing sector in the state. As can be seen, agro-based industries top the charts by this metric.
Food products, textiles, and wearing apparel account for close to 30% of the gross value added.
Machinery and equipment, transport and metal manufacturing are the other important sectors. Of
these, the capital-intensive sectors - seeing the maximum share of gross capital formation - are
manufacturing of food products, and machinery and equipment. Factories in the latter sector are also
the most profitable, followed by those producing motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers.
Table 20: Performance on select indicators of registered manufacturing industries in Punjab2017-18
Share of Share of Share of GCF Per factory
number of GVA in the in the profit (in lac)
operational registered registered
factories in manufacturi manufactur-
the state ng sector ing sector
Food products 23% 14% 32% 20.37
Textiles 6% 11% 10% 88.42
Machinery and equipment
8% 14% 5% 312.52
n.e.c.
Non-metallic mineral
20% 6% 4% 47.31
products
Wearing apparel 6% 5% 2% 33.60
Basic metals 7% 6% 7% 89.34
Other transport
5% 8% 7% 75.65
equipment
Fabricated metal
products, except 7% 5% 4% 62.82
machinery and equipment
Motor vehicles, trailers
2% 4% 5% 146.50
and semi-trailers
Chemicals and chemical
2% 5% 4% 202.26
products
Source: ASI 2017-18
 Chapter 3: Industrial Developement 73

Unregistered Manufacturing

Figure 53: Share of GVA and factories for unregistered manufacturing, 2015-16

42% Agro-based industries dominate the unregistered manufacturing sector as well

17%
11% 9% 7% 8% 5% 5% 3% 4% 3% 5% 3% 4% 2%
5%
2% 2% 1% 1%

Furniture
Food products

Wood and products

Other transport
machinery and
Wearing apparel

equipment n.e.c.
Other manufacturing

Fabricated metal

Textiles
products, except

installation of

Machinery and
machinery and

Repair and

equipment

equipment
equipment

of wood and
cork, except
furniture;…
Share of GVA Share of factories
Source:Unincoporated Enterprises Survey,2015-16

The top 10 sectors by share in GVA is similar for unregistered manufacturing (Figure 53). Wearing
apparel, food product, textiles, machinery & equipment are among the sectors accounting for
maximum share of GVA. Wearing apparel counts for relatively smaller share of GVA but high share
of the number of factories.
In the subsequent sections we take a closer look at some of the important sub-sectors of
manufacturing. These include food processing, textile and apparel, light engineering and sporting
goods industries.
Food-Processing Industry
A well-developed food processing sector with higher level of processing helps in improving value
addition, promotes crop diversification, ensures better return to the farmers, promotes employment as
well as increase export earnings. This sector is also capable of addressing critical issues of food
security, food inflation and providing wholesome, nutritious food to the masses. Hence, not
surprisingly, it is referred to, as the ‘sunrise industry’. In general, food processing industries are
constrained in India by small and dispersed marketable surplus due to fragmented holding. Due to the
high crop yields associated with the state of Punjab, it is the ideal destination for setting up of food
processing units.
According to the Annual Survey of Industries 2017-18, the food processing industry(food and
beverages manufacturing put together) contributed 38.7% of the GVA in the registered manufacturing
sector of Punjab in the year 2017-18. Within food processing, ‘grain mill products, starches and starch
products’ were the highest contributor, linked to Punjab’s abundant production of paddy and wheat
(Figure 54).
74 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Figure 54: Share of GVA in registered food and beverages processing, 2017-18

25.0% 22.8%
18.2%
20.0% 14.5% 15.9%
15.0% 9.4% 8.7%
10.0%
7.8%
5.0% 2.6%
0.0%

Dairy Products
hes and starch

Vegetables

Other Food

animal feeds
products, starc

Beverages

Processing and
animal oils and
Vegetable and
Fruits and

Products

preserving of
Prepared
Grain mill

products

meat
fats
Source: ASI, 2017-18

In terms of profit per unit however, the fruits and vegetable processing, meat processing and dairy
products were among the top five sectors (Figure 55). This provides further reason for expanding crop
diversification and promoting livestock rearing.
In unregistered manufacturing as well, grain mill products, starches and starch products accounts for
the largest share of GVA (UES, 2015-16), followed by other food products. However, beverage
manufacturing tops in terms of GVA per unit, followed by vegetable and animal oil.Government of
Punjab has taken various steps to encourage the Figure 55: Profit per unit (Rs lacs) of top
food processing sector. Recently, Indian registered food and beverage
Institute of Food Processing Technology processing industry, 2017-18
(IIFPT) opened its liaison office at Bathinda, 1376
1500
Punjab with the objective of developing
entrepreneurship and creating skilled 1000
manpower for the food sector, particularly in 607
the northern region of the country. The Center 500 247
has already conducted a national seminar on 25
0
recent trends in food processing in Processing Processing Beverages Other Food Dairy
collaboration with Central University of Punjab -500
and and
preserving of preserving of
Products Products

-374
and is set to expand to a full-fledged unit for Fruits and
Vegetables
meat

skill development and incubation services. Source: ASI, 2017-18

Through these centers, IIFPT serves the
farming community by providing training in the field of food processing. Through these liaison
offices, IIFPT expands its horizon and visibility to serve more to the stakeholders and disseminates
the latest technologies to unserved population. Infrastructure such as Food Processing Trainings cum
Incubation Center, training classrooms, trainees’ hostel and office room were established to serve for
the stakeholders at the liaison offices of IIFPT (MoFPI, 2019)26.
Out of the three Mega Food Parks approved for Punjab, the International Mega Food Park Ltd.,
Fazilka is already operational while, Punjab Agro Industries Corporation Ltd., (PAIC) Ludhiana and
Sukjhit Mega Food Park & Infra Ltd. Kapurthala continue to be under implementation. Further, a
grant equivalent to Rs. 31.46 lac for research on “Development of Good Quality and Healthy Ready
to Drink Concoction of Milk Tea” and Rs. 8 lac for research on “Rapid and confirmatory detection of

26
Ministry of Food Processing (2019). Annual Report 2018-19. Government of India
 Chapter 3: Industrial Developement 75
important animal meat based food borne pathogens and its Associated toxicants and natural toxicants
by using Immuno histopathological and molecular techniques- A step towards One Health Concept”
has been released to the Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana.
Textile and Apparel Manufacturing Industry
Figure 56: Share of GVA of registered textile and Due to the availability of a rich resource base
wearing apparel manufacturing, 2017-18 in Punjab and its robust spinning capacity, the
textile industries are a major contributor to the
47.4%
total output of the State.
The textile and apparel manufacturing
24.9% 22.1% industry contributed 16% of the Gross Value
Added in the registered manufacturing sector
5.6% of Punjab in 2017-18. Out of the total GVA
created by textile and apparel manufacturing
in Punjab (2017-18), 47.4% was contributed
crocheted apparel

apparel, except fur

Manufacture of
Spinning, weaving

other textiles
Manufacture of
and finishing of

by Spinning, weaving and finishing of cotton

Manufacture of
knitted and

textiles, followed by Knitted and crocheted

wearing

apparel
textiles

apparel of 24.9 % in 2017-18. The latter

establishes the importance of wool based
industries in the state. The manufacture of
other textiles also contributed a significant
Source: ASI, 2017-18 22.1% to the textile and apparel GVA of
Punjab (Figure56).In terms of profitability per unit, ‘Manufacturing of other textiles’ does best (Rs. 62
lac), followed by ‘knitted and crocheted apparel’ (Rs. 13 lac).
In the unregistered manufacturing sector, highest share of GVA is contributed by the manufacture of
wearing apparel (Figure 57).
The key initiatives taken by the Punjab government Figure 57: Share of GVA in unregistered textile
to promote textiles in Punjab include upgradation and apparel manufacturing, 2015-16
of NIIFT as Centre of Excellence for High Fashion
Garments and Textiles, facilitation in setting up of
Common Effluent Treatment Plants and provision
of highest FAR to Textile and Knitwear units. The
fiscal incentives provided to the industry include
exemption of 100% of the SGST, 100% of ED, SD,
100% of CLU/EDC and 100% of the Property tax
for these units. The anchor units are also provided
100% reimbursement of net SGST for 15 years, up
to 200% of fixed capital investment, 100%
exemption from change of land use
charges/external development charges, employment
generation subsidy up to Rs.48,000 per employee Source: Unincorporated Enterprises Survey, 2015-16
per year for 5 years and change of land use charges in Agriculture Zone for minimum land area of 50
Acres (Department of Industries & Commerce, 2018)27. Under the Scheme for Integrated Textile
Parks, a total of four Textile Parks are operational in Punjab.

27
Department of Industries & Commerce (2018). Industrial and Business Development Policy 2017 Amended as on
30.07.2018. Govt of Punjab. Available at
http://investpunjab.gov.in/Content/documents/Notifications/Industrial_and_Business_Development_Policy_2017.pdf
76 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Light engineering forms about 6.3% of unregistered manufacturing. Of these, metal fasteners and
bicycle production forms the majority share of GVA (Figure 58).
The Government of India has recognised ferrous casting as an important sector for future growth,
especially considering stringent pollution control norms in US, Japan and Germany. Bicycle
manufacturing – important both in registered and unregistered manufacturing, can also help fulfill the
country’s export ambitions, especially in the professional and adventure categories (Department for
Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, 2019)28. The state government promoted high-tech cycle
valley in Ludhiana providing infrastructure, common facilities for effluent treatment, design facilities,
warehousing and logistic services may be useful in this regard (Department of Industries &
Commerce, Government of Punjab,2018).
Figure 58: Share of GVA and number of units, unregistered light equipment industry, 2015-16

80% 72%
70%
60% 55%
50%
40%
30% 25%
18% 16%
20%
7%
10% 1% 3% 1% 1%
0%
Other fabricated metal

Casting of metals
Metal fasteners

Bicycles and invalid

Bearings, gears, gearing

and driving elements
products n.e.c.
carriages

Share of GVA Share of numer of units

Source: Unincorporated Enterprises Survey, 2015-16

Sports Goods Industry

According to the Annual Survey of Industries 2017-18, the Sports goods industry contributed 0.7% of
the Gross Value Added in the registered manufacturing sector of Punjab. The profit per factory
registered were Rs. 94.76 lac Jalandhar is the hub for sports good manufacturing in the state. The
Punjab government intends to set up a Sports Goods Park in Jalandhar. Among other facilities, it will
include a technology centre for providing technology support – including certification and testing
centre.

3.7 Electricity, gas, water supply and other utilities sector

Electricity
Punjab has been able to meet the increasing demand for power. The estimated demand for electricity
has consistently grown in the State. As of 2018-19, estimated demand of electricity was 55,290 MU
as against 54,812 MU in 2017-18. In spite of fluctuations in electricity generation, the availability of
electricity has been more or less at par with the demand for electricity, as highlighted in (Figure 59).

28
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (2019). Annual Report 2018-19. Ministry of Commerce and
Industry. Available at https://dipp.gov.in/sites/default/files/annualReport_2018-19_E_0.pdf
 Chapter 3: Industrial Developement 77
Naturally, this has also resulted in an increase in power consumption. The State consumed 53097.5
million kwH of electricity during 2019-20, an increase of 11% from 2018-19. This has economic
implications. As Figure 60 shows, 56% of the power consumption is in the agricultural and industrial
sector. Around 31% is domestic consumption – whose share has increased over the years.

Figure 59: Power requirement and availability in Punjab

60000

55000

50000

45000

40000

35000
30000
2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

2017-18

2018-19
Demand (MU) Availability (MU)

Source: State-wise Power Requirement and Availability, Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, RBI

Figure 60: Sectoral share of power consumption

120
60% Power Consumption is in the Industrial and Agriculture Sector
100
23.61 21.73
28.85
80 38 43.66 42.87

60 34.32
37
41.95
35.96
40 38.09 36.26
31.42
9.77 22.02 28.65
20
5.22 11.74 13.6
11.05 3.29 2.74 4.74 8.43 10.31
0 3.22 4.53 2.44 2.31 2.18
1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2018-19 2019-20

Public lighting bulk and other Commercial Domestic Industrial Agriculture new category

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

78 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
As of 2019, majority of the installed capacity in the state comes from thermal sources. However,
renewables and clean power sources, such as nuclear, hydro and other renewables (solar, wind etc.)
constitute the remaining (Figure 61). This could be increased further if Punjab were to leverage the
power of biomass, abundant in the state due to its large agricultural sector .
Of the installed capacity, 23% is owned by the government of Punjab, 47% is privately owned and
30% is Centrally owned.
Figure 61: Sources of Power in Punjab, as percentage of installed capacity(MW,as of March 2019

10.2%

26.9%
61.5%

1.4%

Thermal Nuclear Hydro RES

Source: Central Electricity Authority, India

3.8 Size-based classification of industries

Small scale industries
MSME sector plays a crucial role in Figure 62: Top five districts, by output of small-scale
providing large employment industries, 2018-19 (in Rs. Crore)
opportunities at comparatively lower
capital cost. MSMEs also help in
80000 72916.67
industrialisation of rural and backward
70000
areas, thereby, reducing regional
imbalances. MSME sector has emerged 60000
as an engine for socio-economic growth. 50000

Punjab has a strong base of more than 2 40000

lac small scale units belonging to auto 30000
components, bicycle parts, hosiery,
20000
sports goods, agricultural implements 9133.02 7243.85 7219.07 7073.17
10000
etc. These have shown high growth in
the recent past with value of production 0
increasing at the rate of 13% on average Source: Economic and Statistical
Ludhiana Sangrur Organisation, Punjab Amritsar
Fazilka Fatehgarh
Sahib
between 2015-16 and 2018-19.
During 2018-19, the number of MSME Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab
units increased by 53,388 leading to
employment of 2.91 lac people. Overall, more than 17.8 lac people are employed in small scale
industry.
Most of the small scale industries’ production was concentrated in Ludhiana, with a value of output of
INR 72,916.67 crores (Figure 62). Ludhiana was followed by Sangrur (RS. 9133.02
 Chapter 3: Industrial Developement 79
Crores),Fazilka(Rs 7243.85 Crores), Fatehgarh Sahib (RS. 7219.07) and Amritsar (RS. 7073.17
Crores) in output production by small scale units.
The State’s MSME policy intends to accelerate the growth of its MSME units by carrying out in depth
studies of the 10 clusters every year for specific interventions to increase their competitiveness,
upgrading and setting up common facility centres in 10 clusters every year and upgrading 10
technology centres in the State. Further, the policy recognised different stages of MSMEs with
different needs. MSME growth was broadly classified into five stages – Ideating a Business, Starting
a Business, Growing a Business, Reviving a Business and Exiting a Business and the policy
accordingly addressed various needs that emerge in each of these stages, with a growth and
performance oriented approach.
The government has also set up ‘MSME Punjab’, as part of the Punjab Industrial and Business
Development Authority to focus on the development of MSMEs by addressing the following key
functions: (i) Enhancing the competitiveness of MSMEs in the changed economic scenario (ii)
Ensuring adequate flow of credit from financial institutions/banks (iii) Providing support for
technology upgradation and modernization (iv) Providing modern testing facilities and quality
certification (v) Providing access to modern management practices and (vi) Providing support for
product development, design intervention and packaging.
Large and Medium Enterprises
Growth in medium and large enterprises decreased in 2018-19. The value of production increased by
1.80% in that year, vis-a-vis growth of 41.6 % in the previous year. During this time frame, 45 new
units were set up in Punjab, employing 7,742 more persons. The total number of large industrial units
in Punjab were 549 with a total fixed capital of Rs. 1,09,83,271. The industry employed a total of
3,44,323 persons
Bathinda’s medium and large scale industrial output production amounting to Rs. 58,766.68 crores
was the highest in the State. Bathinda was followed by Ludhiana (Rs. 39,368.83 Crores), Sangrur (Rs.
19,045.43 Crores) and Hoshiarpur (Rs. 10,390.37 Crores) in output production by large scale units
(Figure 63).
Figure 63: Value of production (Rs. crore) of large and medium scale enterprises, by district, 2018-
19

70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

80 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

3.9 Various government initiatives taken to promote industries

Ease of Doing Business
To give boost to Ease of Doing Business, the State has implemented the notable reforms are:
• Under the Punjab Right to Business Act, 2020 new MSMEs are allowed to start their business
based solely on self-certification
• Self-certification for inspections under various Labour Laws for Start-ups, MSMEs, IT/ITES
units etc., and for Boilers and Low risk buildings
• Start-ups have been exempted from experience/turnover in government tenders.
• Invest Punjab Business First Portal extended to districts.
• Elimination/auto approval of Renewals for registration.
• Integrated Construction Permits with auto scrutiny of building plans (Auto DCR), Approvals
from Airports Authority of India (AAI) & National Monuments Authority (NMA)
• Centralised Inspection System (CIS)for compliance inspections by various regulatory bodies
• Auto consent from PPCB to the green category industry to begin operations on the basis of
self-certification
• Online & Transparent Land Allotment
• Dedicated Commercial Court setup at Ludhiana to resolve commercial disputes.
• Clear timelines defined for various services under Punjab Transparency and Accountability in
Delivery of Public Services Act,2018.
Startup and Entrepreneurship promotion
With the Industrial and Business Development Policy 2017, Punjab Government aims to boost
industrial growth and economic activity. Startups and Entrepreneurship is one of key pillars of the
policy and various initiatives have been enumerated in the policy for Startups. Startup Eco system
connects its various key constituents like incubators, mentors, investors, institutions to leverage their
knowledge and expertise for supporting the startups in the state.
Startup Punjab is forming partnerships with Organization/Institutions for providing support to
nourishing Startups in Punjab, organizing number of events, interactive sessions, Hackathons,
Bootcamps etc to encourage start-ups, budding entrepreneurs and promoting entrepreneurship culture
in the State. Startup Punjab is in the process of creating an mechanism for budding entrepreneurs to
work on their idea and take it to next level.
Startup Punjab is planning for sessions on important topics like Intellectual Property Right(IPR),
Sensitisation sessions in Universities/Institutions to provide an overview of Startup Punjab, online
registration, partnerships, events & other initiatives. Startup Punjab jointly with Startup India will be
organizing Incubator, Master Classes & Mentorship Sessions for Startups.
District level Single Window System
To strengthen support to the industry particularly MSME sector at the District Level, the state has set
up a strong and effective Single Window System at the District level vide notification No. 1906 dated
22-12-2017. It provides one stop clearances for all regulatory services and fiscal incentives and also
facilitates support services and access to the MSME units.
 Chapter 3: Industrial Developement 81
Box:9 Recent Policy Measures for enhancing the MSME

1. One common facility center namely Mohali Hitech Metal Cluster, is under establishment for
bathroom and sanitary-ware fittings with project cost of Rs.14.07 crores (GoI assistance Rs.
11.06 crores and Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) contribution 3.84 crores).The GOI has
released 3 installments amounting to Rs.9.95 Crores of its assistance which have been utilized
by the SPV and the CFC project is completed. The department has forwarded the completion
report of the project and the request of the SPV to the GOI to release the 4th and final
installment of the GOI grant.
2. The GOI in its Steering Committee meeting held on 25.07.2018 accorded final approval to the
project / DPR of Oil Expeller & Parts Cluster, Ludhiana and also released 1st installment of
GOI assistance of Rs. 5.40 crores in July, 2019. Further, GOI has also sanctioned and released
the 2nd installment of Rs.4.05 Cr. to the CFC on 20.01.2020 and 3rd installment of Rs. 2.70
crores on 04.05.2020 (Total GOI grant is Rs.12.15 Crores). The SPV has utilized these funds
and have completed its project of CFC and the department has forwarded the completion report
of the project and the request of the SPV to the GOI to release the 4th and final installment of
the GOI grant.
3. The GOI in its Steering Committee meeting held on 27.02.2019 accorded final approval to the
project/ DPR of Foundry &General Engineering Cluster, Kapurthalaat a project cost of Rs.
14.86 cr. (GOI share: Rs. 13.36 cr. and SPV share: 1.50 cr.). The SPV had identified land and
started construction of building for setting up of the CFC, however, the matter of the CLU of
the said land was rejected by the O/o District Town Planner, Kapurthala. The SPV is again
taking the matter with the said department for obtaining the CLU.
4. The GOI in its Steering Committee meeting held on 2.7.2019 has accorded final approval to the
project of CFC in Garment Cluster, Ludhiana at a project cost of Rs. 15.15 crores. (GOI
share: Rs. 12.00 crores, State Govt. share: Rs.1.50 crores and SPV share: 1.65 crores). The GOI
has sanctioned and released 1st installment of GOI assistance of Rs.5.40 Crores on 18.08.2020
which is underutilization.

Micro and Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme

As per revised scheme guidelines of MSE-CDP, the department has now identified 15 clusters, 14
Diagnostic Study Reports (DSRs) for undertaking soft interventions and preparation of Detailed
Project Reports (DPRs). Out of these 14 clusters proposals, 7 DPRs were sent to the GOI for approval
for setting up of the project of CFCs and their status is as follows:
1. The GOI in its Steering Committee meeting held on 27.02.2019 accorded In-principle
approval to the DPR of Auto Tech Cluster, Ludhiana at a project cost of Rs.15.06 crores
(GOI share : Rs.12.00 crores, State share: Rs.1.50 crores and SPV share: Rs.1.56 cr.). The
SPV wanted to change the location and some machinery and the GOI on 10.08.2020 has
asked to submit the proposal afresh as per new scheme guidelines.
2. The GOI in its Steering Committee meeting held on 12.09.2019 has accorded conditional in-
principle approval to Sewing Machine Cluster, Ludhiana at a project cost Rs.14.95 Cr.
(GOI share:11.96, State Govt. Rs.1.50 and SPV share Rs.1.54 Crores). The SPV has
submitted the required documents to the GOI and matter for grant of final approval is under
consideration of the GOI.

3. The GOI in its steering Committee meeting held on 22.01.2020 has accorded in-principle
approval to the DPR of CFC in Cutting Tool Cluster, Patiala at a project cost Rs.14.28 cr.
(GOI share: 11.35 Crores, State share: Rs.1.50 Crores SPV share: Rs.1.43 Crores). The SPV
has submitted the required documents to the GOI and matter for grant of final approval is
under consideration of the GOI.
82 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Development of Invest Punjab Business First Portal

Online Single Window System for granting regulatory clearances has been extended to the district
level and 100+ regulatory services of 14+ departments are now being given through the Single
Window portal without any physical touch points with any department official. Information Wizard
for customized list of all applicable regulatory approvals/clearances
34 Incentives made. New applications added like-
- Drug Manufacturing, Retail & Wholesale
- Legal Metrology
- Sanction of Incentives
- Movie Shooting permits
- Cinema Halls
- Mobile Tower Permits
Subsidised power to industries
In the Financial Year 2020-21 total budget of amounting to Rs, 2267.10 Crore has been received
under Industrial Subsidy of PSPCL.
Upgradation of industrial infrastructure
The work is in progress at site and the current status is as under:
• Phase IV Ludhiana-85% of work is completed at Site.
• Jalandhar (old & Exp.)- 80% of work is completed at Site.
• Mandigobingarh-90% of work is completed at site.
• Bathinda (New)-80% of work is completed at site.
• Under ID Component of MSE-CDP Scheme of MoMSME, the projects of Focal Points at
Pathankot, Amritsar (New), Goindwal Sahib, Chanalon, Hoshiarpur, SBS Nagar, Batala,
Kotkapura, Nabha (Old), Moga, Sangrur, Khanna & Derabassi got the final approval.
• Grant amounting to Rs.16.00 Cr. (aprrox.) as 1st installment from GoI share has been
received in case Pathankot, Amritsar (New), Goindwal Sahib, Chanalon, Hoshiarpur, SBS
Nagar, Batala, Kotkapura. The work is under progress at site.
• For the projects of Nabha (Old), Moga, Sangrur, Khanna & Derabassi the final letters are
issued in Feb, 2021 and the 1st installment is expected shortly. .
 Chapter 4 Services Sector

The covid-19 outbreak brought social and economic life to a standstill. The impact on affected
sectors, such as aviation, tourism, retail, capital markets, oil, International and Internal mobility
is restricted and the revenues generated by travel and tourism take a major toll to the services
sector GSVA. Aviation revenues also came down. The floating population of migrants on foot,
amidst countrywide lockdown worries primarily was loss of jobs, daily ration and absence of
social security. This leads to contraction in services sector GSVA growth rate at National level as
well as Punjab.
The services sector contributed 47.18.% to Punjab’s GSVA in 2019-20 (Q) and employed 40.0%
of the total workforce in 2018-19. The rate of growth of services GSVA outpaced that of the
overall GSVA growth rate between 2012-13 and 2019-20 with the services GSVA growing at an
average of 7.02% while that of the overall GSVA growing at 5.03%. This growth rate has
primarily been driven by the growth in ‘Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants’ sector. This sector
contributed around 23.30% to the overall services sector in 2019-20 (Q). Within this sector, it is
the ‘Trade and Repair Service’ sector which accounted for 93.4% of the GSVA from ‘Trade,
repair, hotels and restaurant’ sector in 2019-20 (Q) and has consistently contributed more than
one-fifth to the total services GSVA since 2011-12.
As far as performance of the other sectors is concerned, though the share of hotels and
restaurants is low in the services GSVA, recent years have witnessed a surge in the tourist inflow
recording an impressive growth rate of 27.1% between 2010 and 2019. This surge has primarily
been driven by the domestic tourists with Amritsar accounting for more than 70% of the total
tourist inflow. Along with tourism, transport, telecom and financial services form an integral part
of the services economy within the State. The state has one of the highest road densities in the
country with more than 90% of the roads being surfaced. On the telecommunication front, the
sector is well developed in the state with wireless tele-density and percentage of internet
subscribers being more than the national average. Financial services are integral for the growth
of any state and in Punjab, this sector contributed a share of 10.5% in services GSVA. The state
has a well distributed network of financial institutions with 18 public sector banks, 14 private
sector and small finance banks, one regional rural bank and one cooperative bank operating in
the state. The credit-deposit ratio in the state is higher than the national benchmark. Banks in
Punjab are also compliant with priority sector lending norms with 61% of their total credit
sanctioned to the priority sectors. Mirroring the trend at national level, the contribution of
services sector to State’s GSVA is expected to increase with the progress of the economy.

4.1 Introduction
Performance of services sector
Services sector is the largest contributor to State’s GSVA. Punjab’s economy over a period of
time moved from being predominantly an agrarian economy to a service sector driven economy.
Increasing income entails the demand for services like transport and communication, banking,
tourism, trade, etc. Consequently, the share of services sector in the economy’s output grows. As
84 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
mentioned in Chapter 1, the services sector in Punjab had the largest contribution among all the
sectors of the economy29.
Share of services in State’s GSVA has witnessed a rise, which is in line with the trend at
national level. The services sector contributed 47.18% to Punjab’s GSVA in 2019-20 (Q), growing
from 43.79% in 2011-12. The figures at all India level have, however been higher than that of
Punjab during 2011-12 to 2019-20 (Q). At the national level, the value addition from services sector
stood at 54.96% of overall GVA in 2019-20 (Q).
Growth rate in Punjab’s services sector has consistently been higher than that of overall GSVA
between 2012-13 and 2019-20(Q). During this period, services GSVA grew at an average of 7.02%
while the overall GSVA grew at 5.03%. During the same period, trade, repair, hotels and restaurants
witnessed the average annual growth rate of 7.10%, whereas real estate, ownership of dwellings and
professional services grew by 6.62% .
Figure 64: Growth rate of services GSVA and overall GSVA in Punjab

Growth rate of services GSVA and overall GSVA in Punjab

12.0%

8.6%
7.9%
8.0% 6.9% 6.8%
6.7% 7.0%
6.7% 5.6%
5.2% 5.2% 6.4% 5.3%
6.1%
4.0% 3.9%
4.6%
3.5%

0.0%
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19(P) 2019-20 (Q)

Growth of Services GSVA Growth of overall GSVA

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants have the highest contribution towards the value add
from services sector. The composition of the services sector has remained similar over the years
with trade, repair, hotels and restaurants as the leading contributor since 2011-12. Table 21 presents
the share of various sub-sectors in services GSVA for 2019-20 (Q). Trade, repair, hotels and
restaurants contributed 23.3% towards value add from services, followed by real estate, ownership of
dwellings and professional services with a contribution of 19.7%. Given the significance of light
engineering industries in the State, the emergence of trade and repair services is important. The
contribution from the other sub-sectors such as transport, storage, communication & services related
to broadcasting, financial services, and public administration stood at 11.2%, 10.5% and 10.7%
respectively.
Table 21 also presents the growth of the sub-sectors for 2018-19 and 2019-20.

29
Throughout the chapter, share has been calculated at current prices and growth rate has been calculated at constant
(2011-12) prices.
 Chapter 4: Service Sector 85
Table 21: Share and growth of Punjab's Services Sector

Share (in %) Growth (in %)

2019-20 (Q) 2018-19 (P) 2019-20 (Q)
Trade, repair, hotels &
restaurants 23.3% 6.8% 4.3%
Trade & Repair Service 21.8% 6.8% 4.3%
Hotels & Restaurants 1.5% 5.9% 3.5%
Transport, storage, communication&
services related to broadcasting 11.2% 6.5% 3.7%
Railways 1.2% 4.6% 3.7%
Road transport 5.2% 7.0% 3.3%
Water transport 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Air transport 0.1% 10.0% 6.8%
Services incidental to transport 0.4% 6.5% 3.1%
Storage 0.3% 8.3% 1.7%
Communication & Services related to
broadcasting 4.1% 6.1% 4.3%
Financial services 10.5% 5.6% 5.1%
Real estate, ownership of dwellings &
professional services 19.7% 6.6% 4.6%
Public administration 10.7% 5.4% 7.7%
Other services 24.6% 9.1% 8.0%
Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Employment scenario in services sector

Punjab has one of the highest proportions of
workforce in the services sector among select 2nd
states30. Given that Punjab has high per-capita
income, the states belonging to top three deciles in
Punjab’s rank among comparable
terms of per-capita income of 2018-19 are selected.
states in terms of workforce in
services sector
The Periodic Labour Force Survey data for 2018-
19 shows that the services sector provides
employment to 40% of workforce in Punjab (Figure 65) as against 32% at the national level. Among
the sub-sectors, trade, hotels and restaurants employ the highest proportion of workforce. In search
of better opportunity, there is a shift of workforce from agriculture to service sector as well.

30
Throughout the chapter, select states include Andhra Pradesh, Gujrat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab,
Tamil Nadu and Telangana
 86 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Box 10: Software Technology Parks - driving IT growth in Punjab

Punjab provides a strong ecosystem of IT services with the presence of around 150 IT
enterprises in varied fields like software development, cloud computing, business intelligence,
website development, etc. The State recorded INR 820 crores of IT exports in 2017-18. IT
sector in the State is primarily driven by the Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) at
Mohali, while another STPI at Amritsar is under construction and is expected to act as a catalyst
for the promotion of IT industry in the State. STPI Mohali was established in 1998 and employs
more than 35,000 professionals. It is equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure and ensures a
progressive business environment.
From the supply side, six Multi-Skill Development Centers have been commissioned in the
cities of Ludhiana, Amritsar, Bathinda, Hoshiarpur and Anandpur which have trained more than
6,000 students in IT and allied fields.
The IT sector in Punjab has great potential for income and employment generation and the
incentives provided by the State government are targeted towards providing a thrust to the
sector. Some of the notable incentives provided to the sector are as follows:
 1st state in India to reimburse percentage of net GST for inter and intra state sales
 Employment Subsidy of up to Rs. 48,000 per employee per year for 5 years
 100% exemption on Electricity Duty for 10 years, Stamp Duty, CLU/EDC and
Property Tax for 10 years
Source: Invest Punjab ((http://www.investpunjab.gov.in/Static/itandits_sector))

Figure 65: Percentage of workforce in services sector for select states

Punjab has one of the highest percentage of workforce in services

sector among comparable states
Employment percentage (in

47
40 40 38 38 36 34 33 32 30
%)

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2018-19

 Chapter 4: Service Sector 87
Figure 66: Distribution of workforce within the services sector in Punjab (2018-19)

Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants is the major employer within

services sector

Trade, repair, hotels & restaurants

Transport, storage, communication

& services related to broadcasting
31.8% Financial services
41.3%

Real estate, ownership of

dwellings & professional services
Public administration
5.1%
4.5% Other services
3.0% 14.3%

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2018-19

Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants employ the highest percentage of workforce within the
services sector (Figure 66).Trade & repair services and hotels & restaurants together employ 41.3%
of the total workforce within the services sector. Other services which include education services,
health services, entertainment, etc. is the next major employer with 32% of the workforce engaged in
these services.Transport & storage and communication services is another major sector employing
around 14% of the total workforce within the services sector.

4.2 Trade and repair

Trade and repair service contribute the highest to the value add from services in Punjab. As
presented Figure 67, trade and repair accounts for 93.4% of the GSVA from the trade, repair, hotels
and restaurants. This sub-sector has consistently contributed more than one- fifth towards services
GSVA
Figure 67: Composition of trade, repair, hotels and restaurants, 2020-21 (A)

Share of trade, repair, hotels and Composition of trade,repair,hotels

restaurants in services GSVA and restaurants Sub sector
Trade,Repair,Hotels
& Restaurants

Transport, Storage,
Communication

Financial Services
7%
23% 93%
Real Estate &
Professional
Services
Public Administration

Other Services Trade & Repair Service

Hotels & Restaurants

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

88 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Since 2011-12 (Figure 68). Despite a fluctuating year-over-year (YoY) growth, this sub-sector has
remained the leading contributor towards services since 2011-12. The Periodic Labour Force Survey
data for 2018-19 shows that 15.2% of total workforce in Punjab was employed in wholesale & retail
trade and repair services, one of the highest among all states in India.
Figure 68: Share of trade and repair services in Punjab

Trade and Repair has consistently contributed more than one-fifth towards
services GSVA
22.6%
22.4%
22.0% 21.9% 21.9% 22.0%
21.8% 21.8%
21.3%

Share of Trade & Repair in Services GSVA

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

The share of hotels and restaurants to GSVA from services is relatively lower as compared to other
sectors. The average share of ‘hotels and restaurants’ sub-sector stood at around 1.4% of GSVA
from services sector between 2011-12 and 2019-20(Q). The growth rate in the sub-sector has also
witnessed a fluctuating trend during this period. While the sub-sector grew at 9.3% in 2016-17 the
growth rate moderated in the following years (Figure 69)
Figure 69: Share of Hotels and restaurants in Services GSVA

Share of Hotels & Restaurants in Services GSVA

2% 2% 2% 2%
1% 1% 1% 1%
1%

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

(P) (Q)

Share of Hotels & Restaurants in Services GSVA

Source: Economic and Statistical Organiation,Punjab

 Chapter 4: Service Sector 89

4.3 Tourism
Widely acknowledged as the cradle of civilization31, Punjab is known for its ethnic and cultural
wealth. With its temples, forts, memorials, museums, fairs and festivals, Punjab has a lot to offer to
tourists. Tourism augments regional development and stimulates trade, income and entrepreneurship,
thereby boosting economic growth.

Growth of Tourists
Figure 70: Number of domestic tourists in Punjab (Jan-Dec)

500 474
446
No. of domestic tourists (in lacs)

450
403
387
400
350
300 258
243
250 213
191
200
150 106
100
54
50
-
2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Domestic Tourists

Source: Punjab Tourism (http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/StatisticsSurveys)

Investment in tourism has led to the development of the sector with an increase in both domestic and
foreign tourists. Punjab tourism has witnessed good expansion in the recent years with the overall
tourist inflow in the State growing at an impressive rate of 27.1% between 2010 and 2019. The
tourism sector is however, largely driven by domestic tourists (from within and outside the State).
Around 473 lac domestic tourists and 11 lac foreign tourists visited the State in 2019 (Figure 70 &
71) registering a growth rate of 6% in domestic tourist and decline in growth rate of (-) 8% in
forgien tourist over the previous year. Punjab attained 8th position at the national level in terms of
foreign tourist visits during 2019 (Table 22). The growth in the sector is sustained by investments
from the State Government as well as assistance provided by Asian Development Bank through
Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (IDIPT) project (Punjab State Tourism
Policy, 2018).

31
Punjab Tourism (http://punjabtourism.gov.in/#/home)
90 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Figure 71: Number of foreign tourists in Punjab (Jan-Dec)

14
12
No. of foreign tourists (in lacs)

12 11 11
10
8 7
6
4 3 2
2
2 1 1 1

-
2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Foreign Tourists

Source: Punjab Tourism (http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/StatisticsSurveys)

Table 22: Share of top 10 States/UTs of India in Number of foreign tourist visits in 2019

Foreign Tourist Visits in 2019(P)

Rank State/UT
Number Percentage Share (%)

1 Tamil Nadu 68,66,327 21.9

2 Maharashtra* 55,28,704 17.6

3 Uttar Pradesh 47,45,181 15.1

4 Delhi* 29,83,436 9.5
5 West Bengal 16,56,148 5.3
6 Rajasthan 16,05,560 5.1

7 Kerala 11,89,771 3.8

8 Punjab 11,01,343 3.5

9 Bihar 10,93,141 3.5
10 Goa 9,37,113 3.0

Total of Top 10 2,77,06,721 88.2

Others 37,01,945 11.8
Total 3,14,08,666 100.0
Source: India Tourism Statistics at a Glance – 2020 (Ministry of Tourism)
Note: *Figures for the year2019 has been estimated using All India growth rate

Amritsar accounts for more than half of total tourist footfall in the State. Table 23 shows that
number of tourists (both domestic and foreign) in Amritsar account for more than 70% of the total
tourist inflow in the State. Inextricably linked with the history of Sikhism, Amritsar is revered for the
Golden Temple. Among other tourist attractions, Jallianwala Bagh and Wagah border ceremony are
the prominent ones. Ludhiana, S.A.S. Nagar and Jalandhar are among other districts with significant
 Chapter 4: Service Sector 91

tourist footfall.Amritsar is also one of the 12 cities in India which have been included under
HRIDAY scheme (Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana) with an objective to
conserve the historic and cultural resources in the city.
Table 23: Tourist footfall in Amritsar vis-a-vis Punjab

Amritsar’s share in
No. of tourists
Year No. of tourists in Amritsar State’s tourist
inPunjab
footfall

2011 11096952 16567596 67%

2012 10072719 19119943 53%

2013 12058034 21544962 56%

2014 15368340 24526751 63%

2015 16924412 26038728 65%

2016 25462627 39363061 65%

2017 25978495 41401987 63%

2018 26935017 45796030 59%

2019 34369513 48486730 71%

Source: Punjab Tourism (http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/StatisticsSurveys)

4.4 Transport
Overview

Figure 72: Composition of transport sector's GVA in Punjab

With an average contribution of

Share of Road and Air transport 7.1% to GSVA from services
between 2011-12 and 2019-20 (Q),
2019- the transport sector has emerged
20(Q) as an integral part of the State’s
economy. Transport services in the
State consist of three modes of
transportation – (a) railways (b)
road and (c) air. As Punjab is a
2011-12 landlocked state, bordered by
Jammu & Kashmir to the North,
Himachal Pradesh to the East,
Railways Road Air Services incidental to transport Haryana to the South and South
East, Rajasthan towards South-West
Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab
and Pakistan to the West, the scope
of water transport in the State is restricted. Characterized by a fluctuating trend, the average growth
rate of the transport sector between 2012-13 and 2019-20 (Q) stood at 6.4%. The value add from
the transport sector was INR 15836.92 crores (at current prices) in 2019-20 (Q).
92 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
The transport sector in Punjab is driven by road transport, followed by railways. Road
transport, on an average, accounted for 74.9% of the value add from transport between 2011-12 and
2019-20 (Q). The average year-over-year growth rate for road transport has been 6.7% between
2012-13 and 2019-20 (Q), while that for railways and air transport stood at 3.8% and 35.68%
respectively.
The contribution of road and air transport to the GVA from transport sector has witnessed a rise over
the years, while that of railways has declined (Figure 72). The composition of GVA under transport
has undergone a change over the past few years. The contribution of railways, road and air transport
to the GSVA from transport stood at 22.4%, 73.5% and 0.3% respectively in 2011-12. However, in
2019-20 (Q), the share of railways decreased to 17.4% while that of road and air transport increased
to 76.2% and 1.02% respectively. A fluctuating trend could be observed in the growth rate of all the
modes of transportation during 2012-13 and 2019-20 (Q). The growth rate for railways varied
between 20.2% and -12.7% while that of air transport varied between 177.1% and -19.0%. The year-
on-year growth for road transport alsovaried between 9.0% and 3.31% during this period.
Transport Infrastructure
Roads
Road network is the backbone of the transport sector in the State.Its dominance is further
established by the fact that other modes of transportation like railways depend on it for their first/last
mile linkages. Upgradation of the existing infrastructure is thereby significant to the State for
continued economic growth.
Figure 73: Surfaced roads as percentage of total Figure 74: Road density per 100 sq.km. (in
roads km.)

More than 90% of Punjab's roads are surfaced Punjab ranks 2nd among select states in
92% 89% 86%
83% 79% 619 terms of road density
70% 69%
60% 60%

277
203 201 188 184
113 110 92

Source: Basic Road Statistics of India (2017-18), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, GoI

Development of roads in Punjab is handled by four institutions: (i) The national highways are looked
after by the Government of India, (ii) the state highways by the State Public Works Department
(PWD), (iii) town roads by the Municipal bodies and (iv) the rural roads partly by PWD and partly
by the Rural Development Department and Punjab Mandi Board32. It has however been observed
that involvement of multiple institutions at all levels of governance catering to different aspects of
the transport sector adversely affects planning and policy decisions.

32
TERI (2015) Green Growth in Transport Sector in Punjab
 Chapter 4: Service Sector 93
Table 24: Length of Different types of Roads in Punjab
Type of Road Length(in Kms)
as on 31.03.2016 as on 31.03.2017
National Highways 2,769 2,769
State Highway 1,133 1,103
Districts Roads 6,930 6,980

Urban Roads
17,534 17,868
Rural Roads 70,362 101,123
Project Road 9,651 9,650
Total 108,379 139,493
Source: Basic Road Statistics of India ,Ministry of Road Transport and Highways,GoI

More than 90% of Punjab’s roads were surfaced as on 31stMarch 2017 (Figure 73).Also,
Punjab has one of the highest road densities among select states (Figure 74).
The State had a total road length of 1,39,493 kms by the end of 2016-17. Road length witnessed
an increase by 29% over the previous year, primarily driven by expansion in rural roads.Rural roads
had a share of 72% in total road length by March 2017, followed by urban roads and district roads
which accounted for 13% and 5% of total road length respectively. Punjab had 2,769 kms of
National Highways and 1,103 kms of State Highways.
Motor vehicle registrations recorded 7.7% growth in 2018-19 over previous year. As on 31st
March 2019, Punjab had 114.43 lac registered motor vehicles as compared to that of 106.22 lac on
31st March, 2018. The increase was enormous especially in the case of two-wheelers and maxi cabs.
This may be attributed to the increasing income level of the people and easy availability of these
vehicles. Among the districts of the State, Ludhiana, Jalandhar and Amritsar (in descending order)
have the highest number of
Figure 75: Distribution of Motor Vehicles in Punjab as on registered motor vehicles.
31.03.2019
The composition of motor vehicle
0.2% 0.5% 10.1% Buses
9.2% registration indicates the dominance
2.6% 1.1% of two-wheelers( Figure 75). With
Light Motor
Vehicles
an annual growth rate of 8% in
2018-19 over the previous year,
Three Wheelers
two-wheelers accounted for 76.3%
Two Wheelers of the total volume of motor
vehicles followed by light motor
Goods Vehicles vehicles (10.1%) and goods vehicles
76.3%
(2.6%). The vehicle density in the
Maxi Cab State has increased manifold over
the years with an increasing share of
personalised vehicles. This raises
Source: Statistical Abstract of Punjab serious concern about problems
of congestion, parking, air pollution, road accidents, etc. Hence, it is important to control this vehicle
growth and shift from personalised to public transport modes to ensure a greener and more livable
environment in the State.
94 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Railways
Figure 76: Rail Density across states by end of 2018-19 (in Kms)

Rail Density per 1000 sq. km.

60 57 55

50
44 42
40
32
30 27
23
20

10

0
Haryana Punjab Kerala Tamil Nadu Gujarat Maharashtra Karnataka

Source: Indian Railways Year book 2018-19

Note: Density has been calculated in terms of running track kms per1000 sq km

Railway network in Punjab is well-developed with 2,759 running track kms. accounting for 2.9% of
total railway network in India. In terms of rail density, Punjab fares better than its comparable states
with 55 running tracks kms per 1000 sq. km. ( Figure 76). Punjab is also a part of the Eastern
Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC), which is an 1,839 km. long freight line extending from
Ludhiana in Punjab to Dankuni in West Bengal. The construction of the EDFC has opened up
several trade opportunities in the State and has benefitted industries, which rely on railways for
transportation.
Civil Aviation
Development, promotion and regulation of Civil Aviation in the State comes under the purview of
Department of Civil Aviation. Services provided by the Department include setting up of new air-
strips, aerodromes and airports, grant of financial aid to flying and gliding clubs, purchase,
maintenance and disposal of State Government aircrafts, helicopters, etc. At present there are five
airports in the State located in Amritsar, Bhatinda, Ludhiana, Pathankot and Patiala. Sri Guru Ram
Das Jee Airport in Amritsar is an international airport which provides connectivity to major Indian
cities like Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Delhi,Hyderabad, Mumbai, Pune, Srinagar, etc. and
foreign destinations like Kuala Lumpur, Birmingham, London, Dubai, Doha, Singapore, Tashkent,
etc.
 Chapter 4: Service Sector 95

4.5 Telecom
Figure 77: Key telecom indicators-Punjab vis-e-vis India

Wireless Tele-density Internet Subscribers per 100 population

132.32

190.71
98.35
84.32
133.53
122.19

84.38 55.41
74.86 47.96
58.72
33.00

Total Rural Urban

Total Rural Urban

Punjab India Punjab India

Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicators, Apr-Jun 2020)

With a GVA of Rs. 9,483.30 crores33, the contribution of ‘communication and services related
to broadcasting’ to GSVA from services stood at 4.1% in 2019-20 (Q). The average share of this
sub-sector to GSVA from services was 4.1% between 2012-13 and 2019-20(Q) having grown at an
average rate of 7.4% during the same period.
The telecom sector in Punjab is relatively at a developed stage with a higher wireless tele-density
and internet subscribers per 100 population as compared to national average as on June, 2020
(Figure 19). Tele-density, which denotes the number of telephone connections per 100 population is
an indicator of telecom penetration in the State. Statistics by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
(TRAI) show that wireless tele-density in Punjab is 122.19 as compared to 84.38 at the national
level. Similarly, internet subscribers per 100 population of the State are 84.32 in comparison to the
national average of 55.41. The State fares better than the national average in terms of the above
mentioned indicators in both rural and urban areas, however significant urban-rural differences exist
in the State both for tele-density and internet subscription.
Table 25: Telecommunication status of Punjab and India as on 30 June, 2020
Punjab India
Indicator
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

Wireless tele-density (%) 122.19 74.86 190.71 84.38 58.72 133.53

Wireline tele-density (%) 1.69 0.68 3.14 1.47 0.24 3.82

Overall tele-density (%) 123.88 75.54 193.85 85.85 58.96 137.35

Wireless subscribers (millions) 36.88 13.36 23.51 1140.71 521.60 619.11

33
in current prices
96 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Punjab India
Indicator
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

Wireline subscribers (millions) 0.51 0.12 0.39 19.81 2.09 17.72

Total subscribers (millions) 37.39 13.48 23.90 1160.52 523.69 636.83

Broadband subscribers (millions) 25.03 8.00 17.03 698.23 267.80 430.43

Narrowband subscribers (millions) 1.42 0.56 0.86 50.84 25.30 25.54

Total internet subscribers (millions) 26.46 8.56 17.90 749.07 293.10 455.97

Internet subscribers per 100 population 84.32 47.96 132.32 55.41 33.00 98.35

Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicators, Apr-Jun 2020)

4.6 Financial services

Rising income necessitates the demand for financial services which include professional
services like savings, payments, insurance, credit and management of money and assets. In
Punjab, financial services accounted for a share of 10.5% in GSVA from services in 2019-20(Q).
With an average growth rate of 4.6% between 2012-13 and 2019-20 (Q), the GSVA from the sub-
sector stood atRs.24,479.56 crores (at current prices) in 2019-20 (Q).
Financial sector plays a vital role in the overall growth of an economy and financial
institutions are an important constituent of this sector. The extent of availability and quality of
financial services in a state depends on the infrastructure of financial institutions present in the state.
A financial institution provides a wide variety of deposit, credit and investment products to both,
individuals and businesses. Banks, insurance firms, brokerage firms are some of the major types of
financial institutions with banks playing a pivotal role in mobilising public savings and ensuring
easy availability of credit for investors and borrowers.

Punjab’s Banking Profile

Figure 78: Distribution of bank branches by region and category in Punjab

Rural areas have the largest share of bank Public Sector Banks have the highest
branches number of bank branches
6% 11%
27%

43% 25% 58%

Public Sector Bank

30%
Private Sector and Small Finance Bank
Regional Rural Bank
Rural Suburban Urban Cooperative Bank

Source: Reserve Bank of India

 Chapter 4: Service Sector 97
As on September 2020, Punjab has 18 public sector banks, 14 private sector and small
finance banks, 1 regional rural bank and 1 cooperative bank with a total of 7371 branches.
Figure 79: Number of commercial bank branches per thousand sq. km. of area as on 31 December
2019

Presence of Strong banking network in Punjab

176
137
120
93
57
48 47 46 45 45

Source: Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 2019

The average population served by a bank branch is 4083,34. The distribution of these branches by
region as well as by category has been provided in Figure 78. It is evident that rural bank branches
dominate in terms of number with 43% of the total branches located in rural areas. Further, public
sector bank branches constitute 58% (4280 branches) of total branches with 1556 branches in rural
areas and 1385 and 1361 branches in suburban and urban areas respectively.
Punjab has one of the highest number of commercial bank branches among the select states
(Figure 79). A strong banking network not only promotes financial inclusion, but also enables
diversification of economic activities and productive investment as it facilitates mobilisation of
public savings.
Deposits and Credit by Banks
Total deposits and Credits of Scheduled Commercial Banks in Punjab increased in 2019.
Deposits and credit by banks is an indicator of flow of money in the economy. Moreover, total credit
by banks indicate the credit needs for agriculture, industry, individual consumer, etc. Total deposits
of scheduled commercial banks in Punjab increased by 9.14% in 2019 over 2018, however the total
credit sanctioned increased by 6.9% in 2019 over the previous year with credit to agriculture,
industry and individual consumers witnessing a rise.
Credit-Deposit (CD) ratio, which is the proportion of loan sanctioned by banks from the
deposits it receives has been higher than the national benchmark. High ratio indicates banks are
generating more credit from its deposits and vice versa. The national benchmark for CD ratio in
India is maintained at 60. In Punjab, the CD ratio for 2018 and 2019 was maintained at 68.3 and 62.2
respectively for Scheduled Commercial Banks.However, comparison of credit-deposit ratio during
the period 2015-2019 with other high-income states reveals that credit-deposit ratio is substantially
higher in other states such as Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telengana, Maharashtra, Gujarat,
Haryana, and Karnataka.

34
Population figures provided by MOSPI for 2019-20
98 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Table 26: Banking indicators for Scheduled Commercial Banks in Punjab (as on end-March and in
Rs. billion)

Indicators 2018 2019 Change (in %)

Total Deposit 3478 3796 9.14%

Total Credit 2209 2362 6.9%

Credit-Deposit Ratio by Place of Utilisation (in %) 68.3 62.2 NA

Total Credit to Agriculture 711 692 -2.7%

Total Credit to Industry 706 610 -13.6%

Total Personal Loans 429 485 13.1%

Source: Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, RBI

4.7 Various government initiatives

Road Transport
Upgradation of Road Transport: Government of Punjab has taken initiatives to upgrade the
existing infrastructure of Punjab Roadways. Initiatives have also been taken for computerization of
Transport Department, replacement of old buses and purchase of recovery vans, construction of new
bus stands at Sirhind and Bathinda, renovation of International Bus Terminal at Youth Hostel of
Amritsar.
Collaboration with development agencies: Government of Punjab has collaborated with World
Bank and NABARD for improving road infrastructure which includes construction of new roads,
widening of existing road network, construction of bridges, etc.
Civil Aviation
Upgradation of civil aviation infrastructure: The runway at Chandigarh International Airport is
being upgraded and its length is being extended to 10,500 ft. to handle wide bodied aircraft. Apart
from this, CAT III B ILS system is also being installed to handle aircrafts during low visibility
conditions.
The Punjab State Aeronautical Engineering College has been established at Patiala under
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan scheme. The admission process has commenced from the
academic session 2018.
Under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS), the Government of Punjab has signed MoUs with
the Government of India to provide concessions/support to airline operators to start flights from
Ludhiana, Bathinda, Pathankot and Adampur. Flights under the scheme have already started from all
4 locations.
Tourism
Promotion of tourism and development of tourism infrastructure: Initiatives have been taken for
creation of brand image and promotional campaigns through print and electronic media,
Organisation of road shows and development of interactive website. A corpus fund has also been
created for district level tourism and promotion of heritage societies.Government of Punjab has also
collaborated with Asian Development Bank for the development of tourism infrastructure within the
State.
 Chapter 5 Urban Development
Urbanization plays a crucial role in the economic growth of a nation. There is a strong correlation
between urbanization and economic growth. In other words, fast urban growth does translate into
fast GDP growth and urbanization generally occurs with modernization and industrialization. No
country has grown from poor to developed economy without industrializing and modernization
which occurs through urbanization by improving consumption and standard of living of peoples.
Urbanisation in Punjab is increasing rapidly. Rate of urbanisation in Punjab has been higher than
all India level. About 37% of the population resides in urban areas in Punjab in 2011 as compared
to 31% at the national level. Most of the Urban population of Punjab lives in urban areas of
Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala and Gurdaspur. Ludhiana is the most urbanised district of
Punjab and accounted of 20%of the total urban population in the state. Amritsar is the second
most urbanised district in the state, leaving behind Jalandhar and Patiala at third and fourth
positions respectively. Even the least urbanised Punjab districts are more urbanised than the
overall urbanisation level of Bihar and Himachal Pradesh. As per the Smart cities ranking by
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs in 2018, three smart cities, Ludhiana, Amritsar and
Jalandhar ranked 35, 76 and 77 respectively out of 111 cities in India..
Assessment of quality of life in urban Punjab highlights that Punjab performs better in comparison
to other states (with similar per-capita income) in access to basic services. All ULBs in Punjab
have been declared open-defecation free (ODF) and progress has been made on waste collection
and waste segregation. Similarly, schemes like Tandarust Punjab has helped it in achieving better
health related outcome.
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are constituted for planned development of urban areas and delivery
of public services to the urban population. There are 167 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Punjab.
Analysis of ULB finances highlights that the total revenue of the ULBs has increased from Rs. 2787
crores in 2015-16 to Rs. 3636 crores in 2019-20. Apart from domestic revenue mobilisation and
transfers from state and centre, ULBs may also venture into other sources of raising funds like
municipal bonds and pool financing.

5.1 Urbanisation in Punjab

Overview
Urbanisation has often been regarded as a positive manifestation of economic development. Without
urbanisation economic and social development may be slow. Punjab is more urbanized than many
parts of India therefore; it shares the prosperity with a larger populace than with a narrow set of
population.
The State has witnessed a rapid urbanization. Punjab is 5th urbanized State in India, next to Tamil
Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Karnataka. Figure 80 as per census 2011, urban population is
37.48% of state population, which is much higher than the national average of 31.16 %. The urban
population share has increased from 21.72 % in 1951 to 37.48 % in 2011. The decadal growth of
urban population during the period 2001-2011 is 26.11% against national average of 27.60 %, where
as total population growth of the State during the decade was 14.22 % against national average of
17.64 %. It is evident that the growth rate of urban population has been fairly high in Punjab. Infact
the state has always been among high urbanised states in India.
100 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Figure 80: Urbanisation trends in Punjab v/s India

37
40 34
35 30
28
30 24
22 23 31
25 28
20 26
24
15 20
17 18
10
5
0
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Percentage of Urban population in Punjab Percentage of Urban population in India
Source: Census of India (various years)

It is to be noted that the rise in urban population, is driven by rural-urban migration. Firstly,
due to the increased income of farming households they moved towards the urban localities for
better facilities and opportunities. Secondly a large number of people moved due to the push factor
as the mechanisation of agriculture reduced the requirement of labour for agriculture. Thirdly the
development of the industrial corridor along the Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Amritsar and SAS Nagar
highways led to the movement of population from the surrounding areas to the towns.

Distribution of Urban Population

For the healthy growth it is neccesary that the process of growth should be balanced. The same is
true for modernisation and urbanisation. More than half of Punjab’s urban population is concentrated
in five districts. Table 27 represents the top five districts of Punjab in 2011 with the highest share in
state’s urban population. It is evident that more than half of Punjab’s urban population resides in the
districts of Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar and Patiala. Apart from better amenities and employment
opportunities provided by these urban centres, the development of the Amritsar-Kolkata industrial
corridor along Amritsar, Ludhiana and Jalandhar is one of the compelling reasons for people to
migrate to these cities. In fact, these five districts experienced one of the highest rural-urban
migration in Punjab with 45.3% of total rural-urban migrants opting to migrate to these cities. In
order to cater to the needs of the growing urban population, Ludhiana, Amritsar and Jalandhar have
been awarded the status of Smart Cities which would enhance infrastructure facilities in these cities.
 Chapter 5: Urban Development 101
Table 27: Top five districts with highest share in Figure 81: Spatial distribution of urban
State’s urban population, 2011 population in Punjab, 2011 (in %)
Share in State’s
Rank District
Urban Population
1 Ludhiana 19.9%
2 Amritsar 12.8%
3 Jalandhar 11.2%
4 Patiala 7.3%
5 Gurdaspur 6.3%
Source: Census of India, 2011

Non-uniform distribution of urban

population is likely to strain existing
infrastructure facilities in urban centres.
The urban population in various categories of Note: Map not to scale
towns of Punjab has been presented in Table
28. It highlights that Class I towns hold the majority (58%) of urban population. Thus, the rising
urbanisation in the State follows a non-uniform trend which is likely to continue and thereby demand
for continuous upgradation and augmentation of existing facilities like housing, water supply, power,
sewerage, solid waste management, etc. At the same time, it is to be acknowledged that Government
of Punjab is upgrading the facilities in rural clusters in terms of providing all urban amenities as well
as enhancing the facilities that are available in smaller towns.
Table 28: Cities/Towns in Punjab as per Census categories, 2011

Urban Population
Cities/Towns category
2001 2011 % share as per 2011
Class I (Population 100,000 and above) 48,19,089 60,63,248 58.31
Class II (Population 50,000 to 99,999) 13,14,224 16,77,646 16.13
Class III (Population 20,000 to 49,999) 10,82,085 13,52,294 13.00
Class IV (Population 10,000 to 19,999) 8,10,753 8,82,071 8.48
Class V (Population 5,000 to 9,999) 2,13,410 3,48,406 3.50
Class VI (Population below 5,000) 22,950 75,481 0.73
Total 82,62,511 1,03,99,146 100
Source: Memorandum to 15th Finance Commission, Government of Punjab

The 2011 census has highlighted that more than 50% of the urban population of Punjab is
concentrating in 5 highly urbanised districts (Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala and Gurdaspur).
The major reason behind the rise of big urban centers in Punjab is concentration of manufacturing
and industrial units in these districts. For example Ludhiana alone constitutes the 30.61% of the total
registered manufacturing units.
102 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Slum Habitations
The unplanned migration from rural areas leads to the growth of slums, unemployment and poverty
in urban localities. These slum area are existing on the peripheries of big cities which lead to the
problem of over crowding and urban poverty.
As highlighted in the previous section, rural people migrate to urban areas in search of both formal
and informal employment opportunities. Informal job opportunities include domestic help,
construction site work, etc. However, due to a combination of factors like sub-standard wages and
lack of affordable housing facilities, migrants resort to informal settlements and live in unhygienic
and often polluted areas, which lack basic amenities like clean drinking water and sanitation. As
more people join, a whole community of informal settlers emerges, thereby giving rise to slum
habitations.
In tandem with national scenario, Punjab too faces the problem of slum habitation. With 1.4 million
people living in slum areas, the percentage of slum dwellers is 5.3% of Punjab’s total population,
very similar to 5.4% at the national level (Figure 82).
Figure 82: Slum population in Punjab (as percentage of total population) vis-a-vis other states
and UTs in 2011

Source: Census of India, 2011

 Chapter 5: Urban Development 103

SDG Indicator 1.4.1: Proportion of population living in households with

basic facilities
SDG indicator refers to the proportion of population living in households with basic facilities.
Table 29 provides data on households with basic facilities in urban areas of Punjab and comparable
states.
Table 29: Households with basic facilities (in %)

Households with
source of Households with electricity Households with no latrine
States
drinking water (%) (%)
(%)
2008- 2008-
2011 2018 2012 2018 2012 2018
09 09
Punjab 98.9 100.0 99.3 99.7 100.0 5.0 6.2 0.2

Karnataka 92.3 96.7 97.9 99.5 99.6 11.3 9.0 4.3

Gujarat 97.0 99.7 97.9 98.9 98.2 7.3 6.2 3.6

Haryana 96.7 100.0 98.3 99.3 99.9 8.4 1.4 0.2
Andhra
94.5 99.9 97.5 99.3 99.9 11.2 8.1 3.0
Pradesh
Source: Handbook for Urban Statistics 2019 (Census and multiple rounds of NSSO); NSSO 76th round

As evident, progress has been made to provide basic facilities to households, albeit slowly. Punjab
performed relatively better on the indicators as compared to selected states like Karnataka, Gujarat,
Haryana and Andhra Pradesh.
Quality of life in urban areas
Quality of urban life is influenced by the standards of infrastructure and services provided by the
government. Urban infrastructure has two dimensions: physical and social. The major components of
physical infrastructure include housing conditions, water supply system, sewerage network, storm
water drainage network, solid waste recovery and treatment, roads and streetlights. The components
of social infrastructure are healthcare, education, parks & open spaces, public conveniences,
community centres, etc.
Housing conditions Figure 83: Condition of urban households in Punjab and
India
Around 57% of houses in urban
Punjab are in ‘Good’ condition as
compared with 68% at all-India
level. Census of India classifies Punjab
houses into three categories based on India
their conditions: Good, Livable and
Dilapidated. Figure 83 shows that
more than half of urban households
have been classified under ‘Good’

Source: Census of India, 2011

104 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
condition with another 37% classified under ‘Livable’ condition. Further, 5% of the urban
households are in ‘Dilapidated’ conditions without proper physical infrastructure and hence require
immediate attention.
As an endeavour to provide free and subsidized houses for all urban homeless, urban poor and slum
dwellers in the State, Government of Punjab launched the Punjab Shehri Awas Yojana (PSAY) in
August 2017. Department of Housing and Urban Development is the nodal department for
coordination and monitoring of this policy and is supported by Department of Local Government,
particularly in inviting applications, conducting surveys, verification of eligible beneficiaries and
distribution of funds under central assistance from Government of India. Further, to provide
affordable housing for lower- and middle-income groups of society, Affordable Colony Policy was
notified in March, 2018. The policy is intended to encourage planning and development of small size
‘residential plotted and flatted development’ to ensure an increased supply of small size plots and
houses at affordable rates. The policy is applicable in the entire state of Punjab outside municipal
limits, however, the areas governed by Punjab Urban Development Authority or any development
authority are included under this policy. As on July 2019, 11 licenses have been granted to establish
such colonies in Jalandhar and Ludhiana.
With an objective of ensuring housing for all in urban areas, Government of Punjab signed the MoU
for Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana -Urban (PMAY-U)35. As on Feb,2021, 102763 houses have been
sanctioned under PMAY-U in the State, 36817 have been completed. Further, investments worth Rs.
5785.68 crores have been made in PMAY-U projects within the State.

Box 11: Housing sector in Punjab : an opportunity

As per the Technical Group on Urban Housing Shortage (2012-17), about 3,90,000 units need to
be constructed in Punjab.
Punjab constitutes roughly 2.08% of the total housing requirements in India. This percentage has
been arrived at by considering the number of households below poverty line and households with
kaccha houses in urban areas of Punjab to that at the national level. States like Haryana, Gujarat,
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh constitute 2.23%, 5.26%, 5.43% and 6.78% of the total housing
requirements, respectively. It would boost Punjab’s economy as housing sector has high
employment multiplier at national level. It would not only drive jobs, but also increase personal
income and consumption which augurs well for the State.
Source: Report of the Technical Group on Urban Housing Shortage, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty
Alleviation

Water supply and sewerage

Government of Punjab is steadfast in providing water
supply and sewerage facilities to urban households in the
State. As on Sep.,2020 Punjab has given 1.75 lakh new Punjab bagged National
Sewerage connections under Atal Mission for Water Mission Award for
Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT). efficient utilisation of
The Punjab Water Supply and Sewerage Board is the treated wastewater for
statutory body responsible for urban water supply system, irrigation
sewerage schemes and sewage treatment plants (STPs). At
present, the Board is executing a number of projects for

35
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) - Housing for All (HFA) State wise
Progress)
 Chapter 5: Urban Development 105

water supply and sewerage services in the urban areas - JNNURM, Urban Infrastructure
Development Scheme for Small and Medium towns, Punjab Infrastructure Development Board
(PIDB) aided Water Supply & Sewerage Schemes, setting up of STPs under River Action Plan,
JICA aided Sewerage Project of Amritsar and AMRUT. 100% of urban households had access to
water supply while 74% had access to sewerage facilities36.
Sanitation
With an objective to provide clean drinking water and adequate treatment and safe disposal of
human excreta and sewage which would improve the physical and mental health of the people of
Punjab, the State Government notified a Mission – ‘Tandarust Punjab’ in 2018. Under this
mission, the Department of Local Government has the following roles and responsibilities:

• Ensuring adequate safe potable drinking water availability in urban areas;

• Ensuring Open Defecation Free cities/ towns to reduce disease burden on households;
• Municipal Solid Waste Management including segregation, transportation and waste
processing on scientific lines;
• Sewerage Treatment: Installing STPs for management of total wastewater being generated,
ensuring their operation and maintenance on regular basis and taking steps to reduce
wastewater generation

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) has led to rapid increase in coverage of household latrines. In
Punjab, as on December 2019, 1,03,015 Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs), 11,009 community
and public toilets have been constructed. More than 98% of the wards have 100% door to door waste
collection, while 85% wards practice 100% waste segregation at the source. 61% of the waste
generated is being processed in Punjab, which is at par with the national average of 60%37.
Electricity
Electricity plays a vital role in the development of overall economy of a state. Adequate and reliable
availability of electricity is indispensable for sustainable growth of the economy because it plays an
important role as a factor of production. In order to enhance the satisfaction levels of the consumers
and improve the quality of life of people through uninterrupted power supply at affordable cost,
Government of Punjab signed joint initiative with Government of India – 24*7 Power for All.
Government of India also notified Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS) in 2014 in
order to strengthen transmission and distribution of electricity in urban areas of states.
Figure 84: Category-wise consumption of electricity in urban Punjab in 2019-20

Consumption of electricity in urban areas in (KWH + KVAH)

20,000 18,225
16,683
Millions

16,000
12,000
8,000 5,473
4,000 1,158
0
Industrial Domestic Commercial Others

Source: Punjab State Power Corporation Limited

36
Punjab Water Supply and Sewerage Board, (https://pwssb.punjab.gov.in/achievements/) assessed as on 10th February
2020)
37
Swachh Bharat Mission Urban, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
106 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Punjab is one of the high per capita electricity consumption state in the country and is also one of the
state which has achieved 100% electrification long time back. A scenario of category-wise
consumption of electricity in urban areas of Punjab has been presented in Figure 84. It brings out
that consumption in urban centres is primarily driven by industrial and commercial use.
Environment
Govt. of Punjab allocated Rs.298.75 Cr.in March 2019 for Urban Environment Improvement
Programme Phase-1. Punjab Infrastructure development Board has sanctioned funds of Rs. 214.97
Cr and in phase 2 has issued sanctions for the funds of Rs. 735.45 Cr upto Dec.2020.
The works are being carried out in all the 167 Urban Local Bodies of the State Urban Environment
Improvement Programme.
5.2 Urban infrastructure and its financing
Trend in expenditure on urban development
Public expenditure plays a crucial role in the creation of urban infrastructure and the provision of
various municipal services to the rapidly increasing urban population.The analysis brings out that
total expenditure38 on urban development for Punjab increased from Rs. 246.3 crores in 2016-17 to
Rs. 621.7 crores in 2019-20 (RE) which is estimated to be at Rs. 2103.6 crores in 2020-21(BE).
Although capital outlay on urban development has increased between 2016-17 and 2020-21 (BE),
the revenue expenditure has witnessed a downtrend in contrast with the trend for other states. Thus,
given the developmental mandate for urban areas, the State may look towards further increasing the
expenditure allocation on urban development. Other avenues of raising funds to finance
infrastructure, projects like municipal bonds, pool financing, public private partnership may also be
ventured into along with the collaboration of Urban Local Bodies.
SMART Cities
The Smart City Mission (SCM) was launched by Government of India in 2015 in order to promote
sustainable and inclusive growth of cities that provide core infrastructure and a decent quality of life
to its citizens. The objective of the mission is to develop 100 state of the art city models that could
be replicated by other cities, thereby catalysing the development of similar smart cities in various
parts of the country.
From the state of Punjab, four cities – Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar and Sultanpur Lodhi have been
given the status of smart cities under Smart City Mission. While Ludhiana was awarded the status in
the first round itself, Amritsar and Jalandhar made it to the list in the second round, where Amritsar
topped the list among 27 smart cities. In the year 2019 to commemorate the 550th Birth Anniversary
Celebrations of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the Government of India (GOI) had decided regarding
developing of Sultanpur Lodhi in line with the principles of Smart Cities mission.As per the
directions of the GOI, concept Plan for the development of the sacred city 'Sultanpur Lodhi' was
prepared with an estimated cost of Rs. 271.11 crore which was proposed to be developed. The scope
of SCM covers various projects catering to city improvement, city renewal and city extension. The
progress details of projects undertaken in these cities under SCM has been presented in Table 30.

38
It should be noted that it does not include grants or loan given to local government for urban development purpose
 Chapter 5: Urban Development 107

Table 30: Progress details of smart cities in Punjab (in Rs. crores) as on January 2021

Completed Awarded Tendered

City Round No. of No. of No. of
Value Value Value
projects projects projects

Ludhiana 1 10 38.09 21 581.52 16 85.46

Amritsar 2 8 50.02 14 193.26 7 569.26

Jalandhar 2 10 42.26 19 331.42 18 212.06

Sultanpur Lodhi :- MOHUA released Ist installment of Rs. 27.11 crore as against total approved
cost Rs. 271.11 crore.
Source: PMIDC, Department of Local Govt., Punjab

All the four cities – Ludhiana, Amritsar Jalandhar and Sultanpur Lodhi
have unique selling propositions which makes them the primary urban Ludhiana bagged award
centres in the State. They are equipped with resilient infrastructure for “Fastest Growing
leading to all round enhancement of quality of life. Amritsar acts as Smart City focusing on
the centre of Sikh history and is laden with a rich cultural heritage Digital Payments (2018)”
with high level of religious tourism activity. While Jalandhar is known
for its sports and surgical goods industry, Ludhiana is the largest
manufacturer of bicycles and aims to capitalise on its manufacturing
base for a sustainable growth. Sultanpur Lodhi is a sacred Sikh
pilgrimage site associated with the founder of Sikhism, Sri Guru
Nanak Dev Ji. The vision statements of the cities submitted as part of
the Smart City Proposal have been summarised below.
108 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
 Chapter 5: Urban Development 109

5.3 Urban local government

Urban finances
Urbanisation and its development and the quality of life prevalent there is thus dependent on the
financial health of local governments. As on December 2020, there are 167 ULBs in Punjab
consisting of 10 Municipal Corporations, 101 Municipal Councils and 56 Nagar Panchayats
governed by The Punjab Municipal Act, 1911 and Punjab Municipal Corporation Act, 1976.
Table 31 highlights that Tax revenue, Non tax revenue and grants are the main source of income of
ULBs. The total income of ULBs has increased from Rs.2787 crore in 2015-16 to Rs. 3636 crore in
2019-20 having 30.5% growth. Further total expenditure has increased from Rs. 2552 crore in 2015-
16 to Rs. 3383 crore in 2019-20 having 32.6% growth.
Table 31: Main components of total revenue of ULBs (in Rs. Crores)

Particulars 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Total Income 2787 3535 3258 3950 3636

Total
2552 2939 3146 3452 3383
Expenditure

Source: Urban Local Bodies, Government of Punjab

Box 12: Scope to improve local government finances

As mentioned before, there is strong correlation between urbanisation rate and per-capita income
across states in India. While the causality has not been established, increase in per-capita income for
Punjab in the coming years will imply greater urbanisation. This means increase in demand for
delivery of basic services from urban local bodies. Across India, it is well known that urban local
bodies need substantial financial support to deliver on the assigned functions under the 74 th
Amendment. A high-level analysis has been done to evaluate the finances of local bodies in Punjab.
Top three Municipal Corporations by population (for which data is available), i.e. Amritsar,
Jalandhar, Patiala have been considered. Property tax is largest source of revenue at the local
government level.
 110 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Box 13: Viable sources of external revenue for ULBs

The municipal revenue system in India is a property tax dominated one and is characterised by low tax
rates and disorganized collection mechanism. This often leads to a deficit budget with the ULBs
banking on central and state transfers, even to fund their operational expenses.
As a result, ULBs have minimal contribution towards capital formation in their administrative area
with most of the developmental works funded through state and centre. While possible avenues for
domestic revenue mobilisation should definitely be explored, external sources of fund raising through
borrowing should also be looked into.

Central Government State Government

Fiscal dependence
of ULBs

Central Government State Government State Finance

Schemes Schemes Commission

Urban Local Bodies

One of such sources is municipal bonds. Municipal bond market has great potential in fulfilling the
financial requirement of the urban sector, however it remains largely untapped. Credit rating of ULBs
and floating municipal bonds have been included under AMRUT reforms. Credit rating is a pre-
requisite for ULBs to borrow from capital markets and financial institutions. ULBs with Investment
Grade Credit Rating (IGCR) can float municipal bonds. As on June 2019, 163 ULBs have IGCR i.e.
BBB- and above including 36 ULBs with A- or above. It is noteworthy to mention that Ludhiana
received a credit rating of BBB+(as per Brickwork Ratings). During the year 2018-19, eight ULBs
issued bonds and were incentivized with Rs. 181.3 crores by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
The bond market is, however, highly regulated and ULBs face constraints on the supply side that
inhibit them from issuing bonds. It is thus imperative for ULBs to overcome these constraints to raise
funds for urban development.

SEBI Regulations Major Constraints

• Investment Grade Rating (BBB- or • Limited tax base and absence of

above) from at least one agency buoyant sources of revenue
• No default in last 365 days and • Limited administrative capacity to
surplus income for at least three plan and implement projects as well
financial years as manage finances
• Compliance with state’s municipal • Municipal accounting practices are
account standards or National archaic and limited data availability
 Chapter 5: Urban Development 111

5.4 Urban reforms

ULBs are central to urban growth and improving the quality of life in the rapidly urbanising cities. In
order to enhance urban governance, various reforms of urban renewal have been introduced in the
State:
• Punjab Urban Environment Improvement Programme (UEIP) – It is an umbrella
programme for the development and improvement in the quality of environment of all 167
ULBs of the State. Under this program, assistance shall be provided to the ULBs for
undertaking works which include construction and maintenance of roads, drains, streetlights;
• garbage disposal and construction and maintenance of parks.
• Keeping in view the agenda of women upliftment, reservation of women in urban local
bodies (by direct elections) has been raised to 50%.
• Facility of online sanction of building plans for commercial & residential building has
been launched across the State. The end-to-end process from documents submission
including plans, fee payment and building plan approval across all ULBs in Punjab has been
automated. The system ensures transparency, reduction in time for approval and precludes
the need to visit offices.
• A Directorate of Fire Services has been established to regulate and control 34 offices of
fire brigades, which are already established in 10 Municipal Corporation towns and 155
other Urban Local Bodies across the State.
• Under the scheme ‘Mera Kamm, Mera Maan’, employment shall be provided to urban
youth between the age group of 18 to 35 years. The assistance to be provided by the District
Bureaus of Employment & Enterprise for both skilling and wage employment for a specified
minimum number of days in the year.
 Chapter 6 Human Development

Human life is not purely based on economic factors but it involves many other aspects also. Going
beyond the aspects of economic growth, human development measures richness of human lives.
With the introduction of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) the focus of human development
has been grown and strengthened. The focus is on the extent to which humans have access to
choices, opportunities and abilities. Punjab Government is committed to implement SDGs as per
UN mandate. To monitor the SDGs a dedicated ‘Sustainable Development Goals Coordination
Centre (SDGCC) ‘has been set up in the planning department. A task force under the
chairmanship of Honble Finance Minister has been constituted for this purpose. The government
of Punjab wishes to make policy decisions and equitable budget allocations to all sectors for a
sustainable and inclusive development in the state. State has made significant progress in
achieving various SDGs as a result Punjab continues to be a ‘Performer’ state on Niti Aayog’s
SDG Indexes released so far.
COVID-19 demonstrated the importance of investing and strengthening public health system. On
the health front, the well developed health infrastructure (both physical and human) is a major
strength of Punjab. The State has significantely high life expectancy and lower infant mortality
rates than the national average. Punjab has made significant progress in ensuring immunization of
children in the State, in fact, Punjab has the highest proportion of children with full basic
vaccination coverage. The State boasts of significantly high life expectancy and lower infant
mortality rates than the national average. Punjab has one of the lowest proportion of children who
are stunted or underweight or wasted. In context of maternal care indicators, Post-natal care
indicators for new mothers in Punjab are amongst the highest across the country.
On the educational front, despite closer of schools since March 2020 due to the COVID-19, still
children were taught online from their homes using available assets at home. State has started the
youtube channel named “Edusat Punjab” .The State is a top ranker with the highest proportion of
schools buildings with a boundary wall and those approachable with all-weather roads in the
country. Punjab showcases strong performance on various outcomes indicators, like literacy rates,
gross enrolment ratio and net enrolment ratio. The low drop-out rates and high transition rates in
the State are indicative of the fact that not only has the State been successful in bringing children
to school, but also ensuring that they stay there. State’s “Mission Shat Partishat” initiative
indicates improvement in learning outcomes in the State, especially in government schools.
Punjab has shown significant progress in improving its sex ratio and bringing the girl child to
school. Despite the significant improvement, women participation in labour force and
entrepreneurial activities in the State continue to be low.
Punjab also boasts of one of the lowest poverty rates in the country. With almost one-third of its
population belonging to SC, Punjab has the largest proportion of SCs in its total population,
across the country. In comparison to SCs across the country, SCs in Punjab have much better
performance on human development. The State performs better than national averages in most of
these indicators.
The environment also plays a significant role in determining the quality of life. Environmental
concerns relating to ground water levels have grown in the State, with almost ~80% blocks being
categorized as ‘over-exploited’.
Although Punjab continues to be a strong performer on different aspects of human and sustainable
development, yet various avenues exist for the State to improve further.
114 Punjab Economic Survey 2020
2020-21

6.1 Introduction
In recent years understanding the progress of an economy has shifted from merely growth
indicators based approach to the ultimate outcome of development. It is an approach to
understand the quality of life individuals lead and gauge the true extent of progress. Thus,
Thus human
development is the better indicator to know the economy’s real progress and well well--being. As per
United Nations Development Programme, dimensions of human development primarily focus on
enhancing human abilities and creating opportunities for human development such as long and
healthy life, knowledge, decent standard of living, participation in political and community life,
environmental stability, human security and rights and gender equality
equality. The
he progress of various
dimensions of human development is reviewed in this chapter.
With the introduction of concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) the scope of human
development has now been further expanded to achievement of these goals. Sustainable Development
Goals
oals aim to ensure that the progress can be enjoyed by future generations also.

6.2 Sustainable Development Goals

The 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development with 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and
169 associated targets encompasses a comprehensive developmental agenda integrating ssocial,
economic and environmental dimensions
dimensions.

Punjab’s Performance on Niti Aayog’s SDG Index

Indexes 1.0 and 2.0
Based on high priority indicators, NITI Aayog has prepared an SDG India Baseline Index Indexes (62
Indicators) in the year 2018 and SDG
SDG-India-Index-2.0
2.0 (100 Indicators) in the year 2019. Performance
of Punjab in terms of these indexes has been shown in the figure 85.
Figure 85: Punjab’s score on Niti Aayog’s SDG Indexes 1.0 and 2.0.
2.0
 Chapter 6 Human Development 115

To implement the ambitious targets set for itself in SDG VISION 2030, the Government of Punjab
has partnered with UNDP to establish SDG Coordination Centre (SDGCC) as part of the Planning
Department. The government of Punjab wishes to make policy decisions and equitable budget
allocations to all sectors for a sustainable and inclusive development in the state.

The performance summary of the state is as following:

• The SDG India Index 1.0, launched in December 2018, preceded the finalisation of the National
Indicator Framework. The Index offered insights into the social, economic, and environmental
status of the country and the States/UTs in their march towards achieving the SDGs. The
composite score of Punjab was 60 and ranked at 10th position.
• SDG India Index 2.0 was the second edition of the index calculated for 100 indicators, across 16
goals. Punjab scored Composite Score of 62 which was two-point improvement viz-a-viz 2018-
19 which was 60 and also higher than national score for same year which was 60. Though the
composite score has shown the progress, but State ranking has slipped from 10th to 12th position
which needs greater attention.
• In both reports, Punjab registered as a ‘Performer’ State. The aim is to become a ‘Front Runner’
State.
• State has shown progress for 6 SDGs i.e. SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities & Communities), SDG 7
(Affordable & Clean Energy), SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8
(Decent Work & Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure).
• Progress has declined in 7 SDGs i.e. SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality), SDG 15 (Life on Land),
SDG 16 (Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions) SDG 3 (Good Health & Wellbeing) SDG 1 (No
Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 6 (Clean Water & Sanitation)
• 2 SDGs mapped in 2019 were not mapped in 2018. SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and
production) state is at 26th ranks and for SDG 13 (Climate Action) state is at 9th rank.
• Indicator of SDG 14 does not relate to Punjab.
116 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

The SDG wise performance of the state is depicted in the figure below:

ACTIONS TAKEN BY THE STATE FOR ACHIEVING SDGS

Government of Punjab has established SDG Co-ordination Centre in the Department of Planning in
collaboration with UNDP. The Sustainable Development Goals Coordination Centre (SDGCC) has
been set up to achieve the Global Goals 2030 agenda by initiating action for convening on SDG
related issues. The main aim of the SDGCC is to provide technical know-how, expertise and resources
to fully equip the State to operationalize SDGs and work with all departments to help them align their
work with SDGs.
The SDGCC focuses on bringing in whole of government approach through integrated planning and
implementation solutions for all state departments and localizing the SDG agenda at the District/
Panchayat level by aligning their work plans with SDGs. SDGCC mission is also to adopt the whole
 Chapter 6 Human Development 117

of society approach in achieving SDG 2030 agenda by forging innovative partnerships with the
private sector, civil societies and academia and building awareness and capacity of all stakeholders
including government officials, media, youth etc. In addition, it is playing a key role in gauging SDG
progress and analysis of relevant data for effective monitoring and evaluation.

Integrated Planning
In terms of Integrated Planning for achieving SDGs; each of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals
and the Targets has been mapped with implementing departments. Central/State schemes have been
mapped with indicators. To prioritize the goals and overcome the limitation of segmented and
compartmentalized administrative setup and non-holistic policy prescriptions, State has prepared the
Vision 2030 Document. Based on the SDG Vision Document, 4 Year Strategic Action Plans (4
SAPs) of 30 Departments have already been approved by the CMM.
These detailed department plans will help reflect on the synergies needed between the departments
and help to look at integrated strategies to achieve the targets. Ultimately, these 4SAPs will be
clubbed under the respective SDGs, to form a Punjab State Strategic SDGs Action Plan 2030, which
will include short term and long terms targets, strategies and implementation plan and will assist the
state to bring more synergic action across the departments for realizing the goals and avoid
overlapping and duplication of efforts, efficient financial resource allocation and accountability.
Besides these, documentation of Best Practices and Innovations in the State is being done to
showcase the innovative practices undertaken in the districts which can be replicated by the other
districts or scaled up in all the districts as well as state level innovations which can be showcased at
national level.

Localizing of SDGs
At the District/ Panchayat level is pertinent to achieve the SDGs by the state. Thus, to integrate
SDGs at the local level planning and developmental activities, State has rolled-out SDGs at Patiala
District on pilot basis. Consequently, District SDG Cell has been notified by the District
Administration to take up SDG related activities. The Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP) of
5 identified gram panchayats aligning with SDGs, have been developed - a step ahead for developing
model SDG Panchayats. Further, to institutionalize SDG training and localization of SDGs into the
development plans, SDGCC in collaboration with State Institute of Rural Development is developing
a training manual for panchayats on SDG localization. The training manual will be part of the
institution which will be used for training panchayat members. Based on the SDG Localization
Manual, ToTs will be organized to train core members of State Institute of Rural Development,
Punjab who in turn will train the panchayat members through the institution. To track the progress of
SDGs at the District level, State has also prepared a datasheet covering around 200 SDG indicators
for all 22 districts of Punjab.

Partnerships and Resource Mobilization

This comprehensive and boldest agenda for humanity cannot be realized without increased and
effective cooperation of all stakeholders at all levels, thus highlighting the role of Partnerships and
Resource Mobilization in the state. The objective is to define the existence, involvement and nurturing
of multi-level partnerships with youth, academia, NGOs/CSOs and private sector entities that will
drive SDG implementation with a joined vision. To this end, a series of reports have been developed,
aligning NGOs, Private sector and Academia with SDGs. The State is seeking to engage with multi
sectoral partners and development agencies to take up the grass root level, innovative and impactful
118 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
interventions at the last mile. A knowledge portal is being developed for Punjab – State Rural
Livelihoods Mission to showcase the impact of gender inclusivity and women livelihoods. State is
also piloting a governance tool developed by UNDP – GIS Enabled Entitlement Tracking (GEET)
tool in Patiala district to enable awareness regarding government schemes and entitlements for the
most vulnerable communities. Further, a pilot project around generating biofuel from agricultural
waste that feeds into brick kilns as an alternative to low grade fuel has been initiated. The intervention
will be based on circular economy principles and is expected to address the issue of air pollution in
Patiala.

Setting up of Monitoring & Evaluation Unit

Progress cannot be tracked without Monitoring and Evaluation. Towards this, State is developing
goal wise State Indicator Framework (SIF) in line with the National Indicator Framework (NIF).
Also, a framework for SDG monitoring and the data management system for collecting, validating
and analyzing data on progress of SDGs is being developed. This includes an online dashboard
which will generate quality reports using data analytics to monitor indicators associated with SDGs
and inform timely interventions to help accelerate their progress.

Awareness Generation & Capacity Development

SDGs cannot be achieved without the common man joining in the efforts. This is where the role of
Awareness Generation & Capacity Development comes into play towards achieving SDGs. The State
continues to develop various IEC materials (in local language and illustrative form) for making
Govterenment functionaries and the public aware of their roles & responsibilities to achieve SDG
Vision of the state. This will enhance knowledge of various stakeholders and to understand SDG
targets and make them the agents of change. The digital literacy of the state is being utilized by
engaging the populace on the social media platforms of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.
Also, SDG Action Awards 2020 were held as a virtual event in the State on 28th September 2020 to
encourage, promote and back the efforts of all change makers who are working towards making the
world a better place. Awards were given out to 17 winners across five categories from 312 entries
and two special humanitarian Action Awards also given. An SDG Hope Calendar mobile application
has also been developed to provide information to people about SDGs.
Besides, the above-mentioned activities, other activities are in different stage of planning and
implementation. All these dedicated and persistent efforts of the government will ensure that the
states’ ranking improves on the SDG index and Punjab emerges as the top most state in the country.

6.3 Healthcare and nutrition

Healthcare is one of the most important factors that directly impact the quality of life and
human development status of any economy. SDG 3 aims at ensuring healthy lives and promotes
well-being for all at all ages. Punjab government has been a front runner with regards to the State’s
performance on health indicators.
This aspect of the index measures various child and mother healthcare indicators, and availability of
health infrastructure.
 Chapter 6 Human Development 119

Punjab’s performance on key health outcomes

Life Expectancy
Figure 86: Life expectancy in Punjab, vis-à-vis national average
Life expectancy is most
important yardstick to judge
Punjab's life expectancy continues to be
the quality and well-being of
significantly higher than national average
the people. Life expectancy
72.7
(at birth and at ages 5-10 71.6
years) in Punjab has been the 69.4 69.1 69.6
67.9 67.5
highest amongst all states in 66.7
India. Life expectancy, at
birth, in Punjab improved by Source: Registrar General of India.

over 2 years between 2010-

2010-14 2014-18 2010-14 2014-18
14 and 2014-18 from 71.6 to
72.7 years, while life At birth Age 5-10
expectancy, at age 5-10,
improved from 69.1 to 69.6 Punjab India

years during the same Source: Registrar General of India.

period, as presented in Figure 86. It is also evident that Punjab has much higher life expectancy than
at the national level. In line with the national trends, female life expectancy (74.8 years) is higher
than male life expectancy (71.0 years) for the period 2014-18. The State has consistently performed
better than the national level on life expectancy indicators, given the relatively higher per-capita
income in the state allowing people to be able to provide for their healthcare needs.
Child Health
Figure 87: Punjab's IMR and U5MR vis-a-vis
Punjab continues to have a significantly
national average
lower Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and
Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR), in
comparison to the national averages.
Punjab’s strong performance in life
expectancy is in tandem with the State’s
performance on child well-being
indicators. As per NFHS 2015-16, the
IMR and U5MR in Punjab stood at 29.2
and 33.2 per thousand live births
respectively. In comparison, the same at
national level stood at 40.7 and 49.7
respectively, as presented in Figure 87.
Punjab ranked 10th in IMR and 11th in
U5MR out of 28 States as per estimates in Source: NFHS 2005-06 and NFHS 2015-16
NFHS 2015-16. Better performing states like Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra (presented in
Table 32) indicate scope for the State to improve on these indicators. SRS Bulletin for 2018
120 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
highlights that Punjab has closed on the gap from these states, with improvement in its IMR to 20 39.
In the neighbouring state of Haryana, the IMR in 2018 was 30.
Table 32: Punjab's performance on IMR and U5MR vis-a-vis other selective states

IMR U5MR

2015-16 2018 2015-16

Punjab 29.2 20 33.2

Haryana 32.8 30 41.1

Gujarat 34.2 28 43.5

Maharashtra 23.7 19 28.7

Andhra Pradesh 34.9 29 40.8

Kerala 5.6 07 7.1

Tamil Nadu 20.2 15 26.8

Source: NFHS 2015-16 and SRS Bulletin 2020

Only 1.7% children in

Punjab did not receive any
immunization, which is less
than one-third of the
national average (6%)

Punjab has made significant progress in

ensuring immunization of children in
the State which is essential for ensuring
a healthy life for children and bringing
down child mortality rates. The
proportion of children aged 12 to 23
months which did not receive any
vaccination fell to 1.7% in 2015-16 from
Figure 88: Percentage of children age 12-23 months
who received no vaccination (2015-16) 6.6% in 2005-06. As presented in Figure
88, this is significantly lower than most
Punjab has one of the lowest share of children
states and less than one-third of the
which did not receive any vaccination
national average. Punjab and Kerala are
8.2% 8.7% joint toppers on this aspect.
6.0% 6.3%
The full immunization coverage in the
3.4% State has also witnessed a significant
2.3% improvement. The proportion of children
1.7% 1.7%
(aged 12 to 23 months) which received all
Punjab

India
Andhra Pradesh

Maharashtra

Gujarat
Haryana
Kerala

Tamil Nadu

39
SRS and NFHS are not strictly comparable.
 Chapter 6 Human Development 121

basic vaccinations (BCG, DPT, Hepatitis B and Polio) stood at 89% in 2015-16, rising from 60.1%
in 2005-06. Again, the state’ performance continues to be higher than national average. In fact,
Punjab has the highest proportion of children with full basic vaccination coverage, amongst
states. In state not only more children are vaccinated, but they are vaccinated at the right time.
84.7% of the children received vaccination at appropriate ages in Punjab, against 42.9% at the
national level (Figure 89).

Figure 89: Percentage of children aged 12-23 months who received all basic vaccines (2015-16)

Punjab has the highest proportion of children with full basic vaccination
coverage 89.0%
82.1% 84.7%

69.7%
62.0% 62.2% 65.2%
61.0%
56.2% 55.5% 57.4%
50.4%
42.9% 45.4%
41.2%

26.6%

Gujarat Maharashtra India Haryana Andhra Tamil Nadu Kerala Punjab

Pradesh

All basic vaccines All age appropriate vaccines

Source: NFHS 2015-16

Maternal Healthcare
It is observed that Punjab needs to improve on maternal healthcare indicators. The performance of
Punjab on a variety of maternal healthcare indicators, though stronger than (or at par with) the
national average, continues to be behind other states. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is the primary
indicator of health care facilities in any economy. The latest estimates for MMR, available for the
period 2015-17, indicates that MMR in Punjab stands at 122 per lac live births, at par with the
national average (Figure 90). MMR in Kerala (between 2015-17) stood at 42 per lac live births, the
lowest across the country. This highlights that Punjab has scope to improve on the maternal health
front.

Figure 90: MMR in Punjab and other select states Punjab’s performance on providing ante-
(2015-17) natal care to expecting mothers fares
much better than the national average.
Estimates for 2015-16 NFHS highlight that
30.7% of all expecting mothers received all
forms of recommended ante-natal care,
against 20.9% of expecting mothers at the
national level (Table 33). Almost all
(97.1%) expecting mothers received at least
one ante-natal visit. The Pradhan Mantri
Surikshit Matrritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is
being implemented in the state to provide at
122 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
least one antenatal checkup to all expectant mothers in the 2nd or 3rd trimester. PMSMA has helped
various beneficiaries access such services which were earlier inaccessible. The state has also shown
great improvement in the proportion of expecting mothers which are receiving two or more tetanus
injections, rising from 83.8% in 2005-06 to 89% in 2015-16.
Table 33: Maternal care indicators (2015-16)

Out of percentage of expecting mothers

Received all Deliveries Deliveries

recommended Births delivered in a assisted by with a
types of antenatal health facility (%) health postnatal
care (%) personnel (%) check-up

Punjab 30.7 90.5 94.1 90.9

India 20.9 78.9 81.4 69

Haryana 19.5 80.4 84.6 73.4

Gujarat 30.7 88.5 87.1 70.7

Maharashtra 32.4 90.3 91.1 82.1

Andhra
43.9 91.5 92.1 85.5
Pradesh

Kerala 61.2 99.8 99.9 89.3

Tamil Nadu 45.0 98.9 99.2 87.1

Source: NFHS 2015-16

Professional assistance during deliveries is an

important factor which plays a significant role
in ensuring quality maternal health. During the
five years preceding the NFHS-4 (2015-16) Punjab has the 2ndhighest proportion
survey, 90.5% deliveries in Punjab were in a of new mothers that receive post-
health facility and 94.1% were assisted by a natal care, across all states
skilled health personnel (Table 33). This is
significantly higher than the national average.
However, again states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu with almost 100% of expecting mothers
undergoing institutional deliveries shows that Punjab has some gap to cover before achieving better
maternal healthcare indicators. The focus should be on creating awareness in the State about the
benefits of ante-natal care and professional assistance during delivery, to ensure that more expecting
mothers access these facilities.
Punjab has the second-highest proportion of new mothers that receive post-natal care, across
all states. Estimates from NFHS 2015-16 highlight that 91% of deliveries in Punjab were followed
up by post-natal checkups for the new mother (Table 33).
 Chapter 6 Human Development 123

Table 34: Average out-of-pocket expenditure per

delivery in public health facility (In Rs.)

It is interesting to note that Punjab has one

States Urban Rural Total
of the lowest average out-of-pocket
expenditure per delivery in public health
Punjab 1576 2043 1890
facilities. As per NFHS 2015-16, a leading
India 3913 2946 3197 reason stated by individuals across the
country, for not delivering in a health facility,
Haryana 2371 1160 1569 is the high costs involved, especially amongst
Gujarat 2331 2020 2136 individuals in rural areas. Punjab fares much
better than the national level and other
Andhra Pradesh 2339 2316 2322 comparable states with significantly lower
costs for institutional deliveries, in both rural
Maharashtra 3331 3758 3578
and urban areas (Table 34).
Tamil Nadu 2556 2649 2609 Use of Contraception
Kerala 6848 6944 6901 Contraception not only plays a role in family
Source: NFHS 2015-16 planning, but various modern methods of

contraception, also prevents Figure 91: Proportion of population not currently using
transmission of various Sexually any form of contraception (%)
Transmitted Diseases (STDs). While
contraception is still not being used
by a significant proportion of
population in the country, Punjab is a
front runner in adoption of
contraceptives. Figure 91 presents the
proportion of population which is not
currently using contraceptives. It is
evident that Punjab has significantly
lower proportion of population not
currently using contraception. Source: NFHS 2015-16

Health Infrastructure
Punjab has made significant progress in providing its residents with better health facilities. In
terms of physical infrastructure, population served per medical institution stood at 7,916 in 2020.
Similarly, population served per bed is 1595 in 2020, against 1,657 in 2019. On an average, a
medical institute serves a radius of 2.68 kms. However, there exists dispersion between districts.
While SBS Nagar serves 5151 individuals per institute, the same is 11337 (more than two times) in
SAS Nagar. Similarly, 828 individuals are served per bed in Faridkot and on the other extreme 3057
(almost four times) in Ludhiana.
In sync with physical infrastructure, the population served per doctor has also improved over
the years. In 2020, each doctor served 988 individuals, improving from 1004 individuals per doctor
in 2019. In 2020, a nurse was serving 347 individuals against 399 in 2019. The district wise disparity
is observed in terms of human health infrastructure as well. While one doctor in Tarn Taran caters to
over 11000 individuals, the same is less than 500 in Faridkot. On the same lines, one nurse serves
over 7600 individuals in Pathankot, against 63 in Patiala.
124 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Nutritional Status
Child Nutrition
Poor nutritional status not only affects the physical development, but also the mental development of
children. SDG 1 and 2 aim at making the world poverty and hunger free to ensure that children
across the globe are free of the curse of malnutrition.
Punjab’s performance on the three anthropometric indices (stunted, wasted and underweight,
for children below the age of 5 years) is amongst the best across all states and significantly
higher than national average. Figure 92 highlights the proportion of children under 5 years of age
who are stunted, wasted and underweight in Punjab vis-à-vis select states and national average. It is
evident that children in Punjab are better nourished than children from other states. Within the 10

Figure 92: Proportion of children under the age of 5, who are stunted, wasted and underweight
in Punjab vis-a-vis other select states

Source: NFHS 2015-16

years between 2005-06 and 2015-16, the State has made great improvement in bringing children out
of concerns of malnutrition, especially stunting. However, in sync with the national trends,
proportion of wasted children has witnessed a rise. This requires focused action on health initiatives
that look at all round physical development of children in Punjab.
Punjab has also been successful in bringing down the incidence of anemia amongst children.
Between 2005-06 and 2015-16, the percentage of children age 6-59 months classified as having
anemia has declined to 56.6% from 66.4%. The state witnessed a sharp drop in proportion of children
with moderate and severe anemia. The State continues to be well below the national average in the
proportion of children with anemia (Table 35). However, in spite of the significant improvement,
more than half the children in the state continue to be anemic.
 Chapter 6 Human Development 125

Table 35: Indicators related to anemia and breastfeeding amongst children (2015-16)

Punjab India

Proportion of children with

Any form of anemia (6 to 59 months) 56.6 58.5

Ever breastfed (among children born in the past 2 years) 94.5 95

Median duration (months) of breastfeeding among last-born children born in the last
three years

Any breastfeeding 25.3 29.6

Exclusive breastfeeding 2.6 2.9

Predominantly breastfeeding 5.5 5.8

Source: NFHS 2015-16

Performance of Punjab in breast feeding, is at par with national trends. Among children born in
the past two years, 94.5% were ever breast-fed, against 95% at national level. The median duration
of breastfeeding among last-born children born in the last three years is lower than national averages
(Table 35).
Water Supply and Sanitation
SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation, aims at ensuring availability and sustainable management of
water and sanitation for all. Clean water supply and appropriate sanitation facilities are imperative to
ensure good health. The close relation of this goal with a variety of goals like Good Health and Well-
Being (Goal 3) and Quality Education (Goal 4) makes the fulfillment of this goal imperative for
fulfillment of other goals.
The State has been successful in providing quality access to improved drinking water source.
Almost all households (99.1%) in Punjab have access to improved sources of drinking, as
estimated by NFHS 2015-16, (Figure 93). In comparison, at all-India level only 89.9% households
have access to improved sources of drinking water. Disaggregation by main source of drinking water
highlights that 66.9% households have piped water into the dwelling as main source of drinking
water. It is evident that Punjab has made significant progress in access to clean water supply to all its
households.
126 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
On the aspect of sanitation, Punjab is again amongst the front runner.92.9% households in
Punjab have a toilet, while only 61.1% of households at all India level do, as presented in
Figure 93: Proportion of households that have improved drinking water and toilets

Source: NFHS 2015-16

Figure 93. Punjab is the fourth state to be declared open defecation free (in both rural and urban
areas). However, as mentioned above not all households have a toilet. In near future Punjab is
expected to cover all households with toilet facilities and compete with states like Kerala where 99.2
% households have toilets.

Various Government initiatives in health sector

Ayushman Bharat-Sarbat Sehat Bima Yojana (AB-SSBY)
“Sarbat Sehat Bima Yojana” (SSBY) is a flagship State Health Insurance Programme to provide
annual health cover of Rs. 5.00 lac per family to over 75% population of Punjab i.e., 45.89 lac
families, which is nearly three times the14.86 lac families covered under Ayushman Bharat, a
Government of India Scheme (AB-PMJAY). Further, SSBY provides both secondary and tertiary
care treatment unlike its predecessor Bhagat Puran Singh Sehat Bima Yojana that provided an annual
health cover of Rs. 50,000 per family for secondary care treatments only. The scheme came into
operation in August 2019, in collaboration with the Ayushman Bharat Scheme.

Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme

Launched in Punjab on 12th June 2007, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) with
objective for early reporting of communicable diseases, their outbreak identification and effective
timely response. The State has network of State Surveillance Unit and District Surveillance Units in
all 22 districts with identified 3230 sub centers (S-Form), 2172 units in medical institutions (P-Form)
and 796 laboratories (L-Form) as reporting units for disease surveillance. All the 22 District
Microbiology Labs have been established to provide facility for disease identification at district
level. All these labs are performing culture sensitivity and serology tests free of cost.
Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakaram (RBSK)
This programme is an initiative aiming at early identification & early intervention for children from
birth to 18 years to cover 4 Ds i.e Defect at birth, Deficiencies, Diseases and Development Delays
including disability for selected 31 diseases. Babies born at Public Health Centres are screened by
health staff and babies born at home (0 to 6 weeks) are screened by ASHA workers who are
 Chapter 6 Human Development 127

sensitized for this purpose. Children of Anganwadi Centres (6 weeks to 6 years) are examined twice
a year by Dedicated Mobile Health Teams. Students of Govt. & Govt. aided schools (6 years to 18
years) are also examined once a year by these teams. Any child suffering from any one of selected 31
diseases under 4Ds and referred by Mobile Health Team is treated free of cost at all Govt. Hospitals
i.e District/Sub Divisional/ Community Health Centres, three Govt. Medical colleges in the Punjab
State and PGI Chandigarh. Children suffering from Rheumatic Heart Disease and Congenital Heart
Disease (RHD/CHD) are also treated free of cost at super speciality hospitals and patients having
Thalassemia are treated at 5 Thalassemic societies and all district level hospitals and 3 Government
Medical Colleges.
Nutrition (Supplementary Nutrition Programme) (50:50)
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme which is
being implemented to provide healthy diet to the needy children. I.C.D.S. Scheme has been
universalized in the State and is being implemented in 155 ICDS blocks. 146 rural blocks and 9
ICDS blocks in urban slum areas of Amritsar (3), Jalandhar-(1) Ludhiana -(4) and Patiala-(1). Under
this scheme well knitted network of 27314 Anganwadi Centres is operational in the State.
The following six services are given to the 6 months to 6 years children and 15 to 45 years women at
Anganwadi level:-
1. Supplementary Nutrition;
2. Immunization;
3. Health Check-up;
4. Nutrition and Health Education;
5. Referral Services and
6. Pre-School Education.
The following beneficiaries will be covered under Supplementary Nutrition for 300 days in a year:-

Sr. Types of beneficiaries Approximate no. of Revised rates Amount

beneficiaries by GOI(Rate required
per day)
(Rs. In
crores)
1. 6 months to 6 years 900000 Rs. 8.00 216.00
Children
2. Severely malnourished 500 Rs.12.00 0.18
Children
3. Pregnant Women and 310000 Rs. 9.50 88.35
Nursing Mothers
Total 1210500 - 304.53
For the year 2020-21 the outlay is 140 crores against which a sum of Rs 53.12 crores has been spent
upto 31.12.2020 to cover 12 lacs beneficiaries. A budget provision of Rs 140 crores has been
proposed for the year 2021-22.
128 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG) (Earlier name: Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment
of Adolescent Girls)
This is the centrally sponsored scheme. It is being implemented by Ministry of Women & Child
Development in 6 districts namely Faridkot, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Mansa and Patiala of
Punjab State. This scheme has been reformulated by merging Kishori Shakti Yojana and Nutrition
Programme for Adolescent Girls (NPAG).This scheme is being implemented in 200 districts of the
country as a pilot project. For the year 2020-21 an outlay of Rs. 1.68 crores was earmarked under this
scheme. A budget provision of Rs 1.68 crores has been proposed for the year 2021-22.
Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) (60:40)
This scheme is also a centrally sponsored and is being implemented in two districts, Amritsar and
Kapurthala as a pilot project as Indira Gandhi Matrtava Sehyog Yojana. Now, known as Pradhan
Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) which has been implemented by the Govt. of India in all
districts of Punjab State from 2018. The main objective of the scheme is to uplift the nutritional and
health status of pregnant ladies and nursing, mothers and infants. For the year 2020-21 the outlay is
Rs. 36.60 crores against which a sum of Rs. 14.00 crores has been spent upto 31.12.2020 to cover
352582 beneficiaries. A budget provision of Rs 36.60 crores has been proposed for the year 2021-22.
Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyaan (PMSMA)
Under the scheme, free ante natal checkup is given to pregnant women on the 9th of every month.
This is to ensure that every pregnant woman receives at least one ANC in her second and third
trimester by a specialist. PMSMA was launched in state in the month of June 2016 starting with 6
districts with the objective to provide quality ANC to every pregnant woman. It gradually increased
to 17 districts in July and to all 22 districts in August & September 2016. Upto Dec 2020, total
number of pregnant women who received antenatal care under PMSMA is 36798 and total Number
of high-risk pregnancies identified is 6357.
POSHAN Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission) (NNM)
In order to address the malnutrition, Govt. of India has approved setting-up of National Nutrition
Mission (NNM) and to roll it out in a phased manner with an aim to achieve improvement in
nutritional status of children from 0-6 years, Pregnant Women and Lactating Mothers.
The following districts have been identified in Punjab under the scheme:

District No. of Projects No. of AWCs

Faridkot 3 545

Ludhiana 16 2487

Mansa 05 840

Sri Muktsar Sahib 04 894

Total 28 4766

For the year 2020-21 the outlay is 63.51 crores against which a sum of Rs 20.45 crores has been
spent upto 31.12.2020. The budget provision of Rs. 5301.90 lacs has been proposed for the year
2021-22
 Chapter 6 Human Development 129

National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular

Diseases & Stroke (NPCSCS)
NPCDCS Programme is being implemented in all the 22 districts of the State under which early
diagnosis and treatment of four diseases i.e. Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease and Stroke is
available. Under the programme, 9 “Stroke Ready Units” are already operational and 5 more districts
hospitals will be made functional. Two 50 bedded each Tertiary Cancer Care Centres (TCCC) are
established at Fazilka and Hoshiarpur with 60 percent financial contribution by GOI and 40 percent
by State Government. The establishment process of TCCC, Fazilka has been started by the Punjab
Health Systems Corporation. Approval for TCCC, Hoshiarpur is under process of approval from
Government of India. Government of India has also approved State Cancer Institute (SCI) at Govt.
Medical College, Amritsar. The establishment process of SCI has also been started by Punjab Health
Systems Corporation, Mohali.
Mukh Mantri Punjab Cancer Raahat Kosh
It is a cashless scheme under which financial assistance up to Rs. 1.50 Lacs shall be provided for the
treatment to each cancer patient. All those cancer patients who are resident of the Punjab State shall
be eligible under this scheme. Till date financial assistance of Rs. 831crore has been sanctioned to
63689 cancer patients.

Punjab State AIDS Control Society

Blood Transfusion Services
Access to safe blood is mandated by law and is the primary responsibility of National AIDS Control
Organization (NACO). The specific objective of the blood transfusion services (BTS) is to have
access to safe and quality blood and blood components through network of 132 Blood Banks (46
NACO supported blood banks/Government, 6 Military, 80 Private) which includes 90 Blood
Component Separation Units. Out of 90 BCSU, 22 are in Government Sector.
Blood and Blood Components are being provided free to the patients in all Public Health Institutions
Punjab (i.e. DH’s, SDH’s, CHC’s, PHC’s & Govt. Medical Colleges).
Basic Services Division
A total number of 14,36,369 patients were tested in Integrated Counselling & Testing Centres
(ICTCs) from April 2019 to March 2020. Out of these 10,620 were detected positive; commutative
HIV positivity being 0.73%. There were 375 ANC mothers positive during the current year (up to
March 2020) and 102 known positive ANC. Total live births were 426 and MB pair given to 420.
Total number of ICTCs operational in state up to March 2020 is 1032.
Counseling and testing activity is being carried out in 10 District jails and Children Homes of
Punjab. 1,288 clients have been tested out of which 04 have been detected positive. HIV & Syphilis
testing has also been started in VHND camps of Punjab.
Care Support & Treatment (CST)
The main objective of this scheme is to provide comprehensive package of Care Support &
Treatment to person living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). In Punjab, currently there are 9 (8 ART and 1
ART Plus) fully functional ART Centers and 4 facility integrated ART Centres. 10,047 new PLHIV
were registered at ART Centres/FI-ART Centres of Punjab from April 2019 to March 2020 . Out of
these 9086 PLHIV are initiated on ART and total 7427 PLHIV are currently alive and on ART.
130 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Initiatives to control Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Individuals with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) & Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI) have
significantly higher chance of acquiring and transmitting HIV infection. Sexually Transmitted
Diseases (STDs) and Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) are important public health problems.
STI & RTIs are more prevalent in females as compared to males because of anatomical difference.
Complete treatment is must to save them from infertility, menstrual disorders and other
complications. STI/ RTI clinics are functional in all district hospitals and few of sub-district health
facilities where free lab tests and drug kits for different diseases are made available for complete
treatment of patients and their partners also. Free counselling services are also provided at above
facilities. Special care is provided to ANC cases. Presently 100% coverage of ANC cases for testing
and timely treatment is also being done to make state free of congenital & neonatal syphilis. The
number of STI/RTI Clinics which were 23 in 2009-10, has now been increased to 31 in 2019-20 at
district/sub-districts hospitals and Government Medical Colleges.
Targeted Interventions for High Risk Group Population: Program is implemented through NGOs
and provides services pertaining to Behavior Change Communication, Condom promotion, STI care,
referrals to HIV testing and Anti Retro viral Treatment, Harm Reduction including Opioid
Substitution Treatment for HRGs and Bridge populations. At present, 62 targeted interventions and 2
Link Worker Schemes (LWS) are operational in the state covering 13,106 Female Sex Workers
(FSWs), 4,175 Men having Sex with Men (MSMs), 15,191 Injecting Drug Users (IDUs), 61,085
Migrants, 21,580 Truckers. Similarly, OST program is being implemented at 23 health care facilities
in the public health setting and 9 in NGO setting. Sublingual Buprenorphine and Methadone is being
provided to the IDUs as part of harm reduction intervention. At present, 28,648 IDUs initiated on
treatment at OST Centres.
Drug Control: Punjab State Board for De-addiction and Rehabilitation
Table 36: Number of OPD and IPD patients at de-addiction centres

Year OPD IPD The Punjab State Board for De-

addiction and Rehabilitation has
2015 114482 11019 been constituted under the
2016 70398 4370 chairmanship of the Hon’ble Chief
Minister, Punjab.The Board
2017 108767 8348 includes eminent medical
professionals and prominent civil
2018 212067 10884
society representatives. Similarly,
2019 (Upto Oct) 167463 15404 in each district, a drug de-
addiction and rehabilitation
Oct 2019 to Sep 247650 6120
society has been constituted under
2020
the Chairmanship of Deputy
Commissioner of the respective Districts. Civil Surgeon, Psychiatrist, District Social Security Officer
and SSP as other members to supervise these efforts. The status of OPD and IPD patients of de-
addiction is presented in Table 36.

Covid-19 Pandemic
The state has taken all necessary steps to face the challenge and threat posed by Covid-19. Various
committees and expert groups were constituted to monitor different aspects of Covid-19
management. So far, the Government has spent more than Rs. 1,000.00 crores on Covid-19
management.
 Chapter 6 Human Development 131

• Over 40.33 lacs samples have been taken so far in the State to check its spread. 1.68 lac persons
had tested positive as of January 07, 2021 out of which 159790 have since been discharged from
hospital.
• Elaborate arrangements were made at the facility level for Covid-19 treatment such as 8000 beds
were created at Level II hospitals (All District & Sub Divisional Hospitals), 1500 ICU beds &
855 ventilators have been made available for Covid-19 treatment at Level III facilities
(Government Medical Colleges Patiala, Amritsar, Faridkot & District Hospitals Ludhiana &
Jalandhar).
When the Pandemic started, state did not have any testing capacity for COVID-19 and samples were
sent to NIV Pune for testing. Now, there are 7 State Government Laboratories with collective testing
capacity of 25000 tests per day. There are Central Government Labs like PGI, ISSER and several
private labs. Cost of testing in private labs has been capped by the Government. On an average
25000-27000 tests are being done every day.

6.4 Education
It is well known fact that Education is the stepping-
stone towards human development and quality life,
Punjab ranks 2nd, on the
opening doors to better opportunities to learn and grow. Human Resource
Education is one of the most important goals of SDGs. Development aspect of the
Aim of SDG 4 – ‘Quality Education’ is to ensure inclusive Good Governance Index of
and equitable quality education and promoting life-long MoS (PP)
learning opportunities for all. The Punjab Government has
been dedicated to promte education in the State by bringing
a qualitative improvement in school education and promote
the Right to Education (2011) in letter and spirit. Punjab has relatively a strong educational
infrastructure and outcome indicators.
With a score of 67 on SDG4 (Quality Education) of the Niti Aayog’s SDG Index 2019-20, Punjab is
ahead of the national average (India score of 58 on this component) and has shown significant
improvement over its score in the baseline report. Punjab with a score of 0.8, ranks 2nd out of 18 big
states, on the Human Resource Development aspect of the Good Governance Index, launched by the
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions. This aspect of the index measures various
dimensions of education (outcome and gender parity indicators) and skill development.

Literacy rate
Punjab has made significant progress in improving the literacy levels in the State. Literacy rate
is the primary indicator of the education level of an economy. Punjab has made significant progress
in improving its literacy rates over the years. As per Census 2011, Punjab has a literacy rate of
75.84% growing from 34.12% in 1971, indicating an improvement of more than 10 percentage points
every decade (on average). In contrast, the national literacy rate in 2011 stood at 72.99%, rising from
34.45% in 1971. However, the state needs to catch up with top ranking states like Kerala (94%) and
Maharashtra (82.34%). As per National Sample Survey (2014) the literacy rate in Punjab has risen to
80%. PLFS Report indicates further improvement, with literacy rates in Punjab rising to 81.7%40.

40
PLFS and Census are not strictly comparable
132 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Literacy rates for males are at par with the national trends as per Census 2011, with a rate of 80.5%
in Punjab and 80.9% at national level. In contrast, females in Punjab perform much better than
females at the national level. The literacy rate for females in Punjab is 70.7%, significantly
higher than the literacy rate of 64.7% for females at national level. It is evident that there exists a
gender gap between literacy rates of men and women. However, the strong performance of females
in Punjab has helped in reducing the gender gap in the state vis-a-vis national average, as presented
in Figure 94. Recent data, as reported in PLFS 2018-19, indicates that gender gap has reduced further
to 9 percentage points (Males: 86% and Females: 77%).

Figure 94: Gender Gap and Rural-Urban differential in literacy rates in Punjab and India
(2011)

Source: Census 2011

The differential in rural-urban literacy rates in the State follows the national trend with the urban
sector performing better. Although in the case of gender gap, the rural-urban differential is much
smaller in Punjab (Figure 94). This has been contributed by the high literacy rates in rural Punjab
vis-à-vis rural India. Literacy rate for rural Punjab is 71.4% against 67.8% for India. On the contrary,
the performance of urban sector in Punjab is marginally lower than urban India. Literacy rates in
urban sectors for India is 84.2%, against 83.2% in Punjab. The rural urban differential in literacy
rates has also declined to 8.3 percentage points, as reported in PLFS 2018-19.
Adult literacy is defined for the population that is aged 15 years or above. Census 2011 highlights
that adult literacy rate in Punjab was 73%, higher than the national average of 69.3%. The gender
disparity and rural-urban differential is evident in terms of adult literacy also, although the gap is
much lesser at Punjab level (Figure 94). Males and urban areas record a higher adult literacy rate.

Other Outcome Indicators

Enrollment Ratios
Punjab Government also aims to achieve 100% Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) and 100% Net
Enrollment Ratio (NER) in the education sector. With enactment of Right to Free and Compulsory
Education Act (2009) and the subsequent adoption of the Act by Punjab Government in 2011 also
aims to provide universal access to education to all children between the age group of 6 to 14 years.
GER for 2019-20 for Punjab indicate that the State is close to achieve the target of 100% GER at
 Chapter 6 Human Development 133

primary, upper primary and secondary levels of education. Estimates of NER for 2019-20, indicate
that the state still has some way to go before achieving the 100% target (Table 37).
Table 37: Enrollment ratios for different levels of education (2019-20)

Level of Education GER NER

Primary 96.1 92.7

Upper Primary 92.1 86.9

Secondary 94.0 74.9

High Secondary 80.1 59.4

Source: Department of School Education, Punjab

As per the estimates for 2018-19 for GER in Punjab across all stages of education that Punjab
is doing relatively better than the national average. Table 38 provides a comparison of GER in
Punjab vis-à-vis the national average and other select states. Punjab’s GER at all levels of education
is better than bigger states like Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh.
Table 38: GER across different levels of education in Punjab and other select states (in %)

Upper Higher
Primary Secondary Higher
States Primary Secondary
Education Education Education
Education Education

2017 2018- 2017- 2018- 2017- 2018 2017- 2018 2017 2018-
-18 19 18 19 18 -19 18 -19 -18 19

Punjab 96.2 107.5 95.0 99.9 88.9 93.1 70.6 68.1 30.3 29.5

India 94.2 101.2 90.9 87.7 79.4 76.9 56.5 50.1 25.8 26.3

Andhra Pradesh 85.6 96.3 83.9 87.5 79.3 79.7 47.3 46.8 30.9 32.4

Gujarat 94.6 94.8 94.6 93.7 77.1 76.1 46.5 41.2 20.1 20.4

Haryana 97.9 104.1 96.7 97.6 92.1 93.9 59.4 56.1 28.7 29.2

Kerala 95.3 98.6 93.4 96.5 97.4 98.0 79.1 80.3 36.2 37.0

Maharashtra 97.4 105.3 98.2 98.0 92.7 91.1 71.2 68.9 31.1 32.0

Tamil Nadu 97.8 100.1 84.6 95.2 86.9 90.4 82.5 72.3 48.6 49.0

Source:U DISE+(2018-19) and All India Survey on Higher Education (2018-19)

Punjab has been successful in showing a great improvement in its GER at the primary and
upper primary level. The State has achieved the GER target of 100% in Primary Education and in
Upper Primary it is close to the target. Punjab’s GER (for 2018-19) at secondary has improved by
4.2.
NER, an age adjusted measure of enrollment, is believed to be a better estimate of enrolment ratios
as it takes into account whether the student is enrolled in an age appropriate class or not. Punjab has
been able to significantly improve its NER at all levels of education, to bring it close to the national
134 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
averages (Table 39). Consistent with trends in GER, the NER at primary and secondary levels has
risen to reach near the 100% target. The estimates for 2019-20 (Table 37) highlight further
improvement in the State’s NER towards achieving the target.
Table 39: NER across different levels of education in Punjab and other select states (in %)

Upper Higher
Primary Secondary
Primary Secondary
States
2005- 2018- 2005- 2018- 2018- 201
2013-14 2013-14
06 19 06 19 19 8-19

Punjab 51.8 78.7 37.7 58.7 47.5 39.3 37.9 27.7

India 84.5 89.1 43.1 69.0 45.6 78.6 30.4 30.8

Andhra
75.3 80.1 53.0 63.9 43.6 48.8 37.6 28.2
Pradesh

Gujarat 78.9 81.8 36.6 72.8 44.9 52.2 28.4 28.0

Haryana 38.1 84.1 20.3 69.3 46.2 53.0 36.4 32.2

Kerala - 88.2 58.5 80.7 73.8 74.8 57.5 59.7

Maharashtra - 94.2 57.1 76.8 56.3 59.6 35.6 43.0

Tamil Nadu 93.9 89.6 77.3 78.6 61.6 67.5 51.4 55.7
Note: ‘- ‘indicates unavailability of data
Source: U DISE+(2018-19)

Drop-out Rates
Table 40: Drop-out rates at different levels of education in Punjab (2019-20)
Punjab has made great
Level of Education Drop-out rates
improvement in reducing
Primary 0.0 the drop-out rates across
different levels of
Upper Primary 0.1
education, especially at the
Secondary 3.5 primary level. Drop-out
rates in Punjab at primary
Higher Secondary 7.7 level reduced from 8.9% in
Source: Department of School Education, Punjab 2005-06 to 0.0% in 2019-20
(Table 40). Drop-out rates
measures the proportion of students failing to complete a particular level of education or not
enrolling for the next level. The low drop-out rates are an indication of the success of Punjab
government at not only bringing to children to school but also ensuring that they remain there. The
state aims to reduce drop-out rates to zero at all education levels. As presented in table 41, Punjab
has a significantly lower drop-out rate as compared to national level.
 Chapter 6 Human Development 135

Table 41: Drop-out Rates across different levels of education in Punjab and other select states
(2017-18) (in %)

States Primary Upper Primary

Punjab 2.9 4.1

India 4.5 4.7

Andhra Pradesh - 1.1

Gujarat 2.3 7.4

Haryana - 2.0

Kerala 0.0 -

Maharashtra 1.1 2.2

Tamil Nadu 1.2 0.6

Note: ‘- ‘indicates unavailability of data
Source: U DISE+ (2017-18)

Transition Rates
According to transition rates in Punjab majority of the students progress to the next level of
education in the State. As of 2019-20, transition rate stood at 102.81% for primary to upper primary
level, and 100.82% for upper primary to secondary level. Comparing with the national average
indicates that Punjab’s performance is relatively better (Table 42). The focus of the government to
provide quality universal education may be attributed to more and more students continuing
education.
Table 42: Transition Rates across different levels of education in Punjab and other select states
(2017-18), in %

Class Primary to Upper Primary Elementary to Secondary

Punjab 97 94

India 91 90

Andhra Pradesh 97 98

Gujarat 97 85

Haryana 98 96

Kerala 100 100

Maharashtra 99 96

Tamil Nadu 98 99
Source: U DISE+ (2017-18)
136 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Transition rates in Punjab have been higher than the national average, especially in terms of
transition rate Primary to Upper Primary. This is evident from the high enrolment ratios and
significantly lower drop-out rates in the State.
Learning Outcomes
Punjab has shown great improvement in ensuring access to education at all levels of education. The
state’s performance on various outcome indicators like enrollment ratios, transition and drop-out
rates has been significantly better than national average, especially at primary level. Punjab is on the
verge of achieving 100% GER at primary and upper-primary level. Going beyond, it is essential that
once the children are in school, they learn. Learning outcomes indicate the ability of students to be
able to understand and inculcate the course material.
The learning levels targeted to be achieved for different subjects in classes I to V were determined by
the Department of School Education. The overall percentage of targets achieved by students from
class I-V in the Base-line Test conducted in September 2019 was just 45.51%, which under PPPP
went up to 88.44% in End-line Test held in March 2020 (Table 43).
Table 43: Class Wise Percentages of Achieved Targets (2019-20)

Baseline Result Post Test Result (%)

Class Progress (%)
(%)(September 2019) (March 2020)

First 31.11 90.28 59.17

Second 39.97 87.30 47.33

Third 45.28 86.59 41.31

Fourth 45.99 85.87 39.88

Fifth 58.44 91.72 33.28

Total 45.51 88.44 42.93

Source: Department of School Education, Punjab

The “Padho Punjab Padhao Punjab” (PPPP) has been extended to 9th and 10th classes and thereafter
to 11th and 12th classes. The impact of “Padho Punjab Padhao Punjab” project was positive as it was
evident from the Punjab School education Board Results for the session 2018-19 vis-à-vis the
preceding year 2017-18. But this year the Board Result is computed on the basis of CCE and it is
declared in different format. So, results cannot be compared from past years. All students have
passed different subjects in classes 8th and 10th (Tables 44 and 44 (a)).
 Chapter 6 Human Development 137

Table 44: 8th class subject wise grade wise result 2019-20 (%)

Subject A+ A B+ B C+ C D
(91-100 ) (81- (71-80) (61-70) (51-60) (41-50) (1-
90) 40)
Punjabi - L1 49.36 29.20 15.59 4.18 1.06 0.42 0.18

Punjabi - L2 27.11 29.24 25.97 11.93 3.80 1.21 0.30

Hindi - L1 27.22 29.55 25.67 12.02 3.67 1.14 0.32

Hindi - L2 47.49 29.38 16.29 4.81 1.29 0.51 0.21

Urdu - L1 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Urdu - L2 24.74 31.93 27.14 10.94 4.35 0.60 0.15

English 42.26 29.19 18.78 6.68 2.00 0.75 0.27

Mathematics 39.78 30.31 19.02 7.40 2.25 0.82 0.33

Science 41.33 29.43 19.02 7.12 2.04 0.71 0.28

Social 42.55 29.91 18.24 6.42 1.85 0.67 0.27

Science

Source: Department of School Education

Table 44(a): 10th Class Subject wise Grade wise Result 2019-20(%)
A+ A B+ B C+ C D
Subject (91-100 ) (81-90) (71-80) (61-70) (51-60) (41-50) (1-40)

Punjabi 57.75 20.57 17.16 2.91 1.41 0.14 0.07

English 46.05 28.41 17.10 5.96 1.73 0.55 0.19

Hindi 45.76 29.77 16.97 5.48 1.42 0.46 0.14

Mathematics 40.62 30.80 18.67 6.92 2.04 0.69 0.25

Science 41.21 30.09 18.90 6.98 1.95 0.66 0.21

Social Studies 44.45 29.91 17.42 5.82 1.67 0.55 0.18

Source: Department of School Education

However, results of 12th Board Class can be compared from past years, as presented in Table 45.
138 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Table 45: Class-12th Subject wise Result Comparison (%)

Subject March March 2019 March Increase/Decrease

2018 2020
General English 84.32 96.19 97.82 1.63

General Punjabi 96.06 98.27 99.15 0.88

Punjabi Elective 83.17 94.52 98.08 3.56

Hindi Elective 91.12 97.19 97.98 0.79

English Elective 95.83 98.64 99.07 0.43

History 82.70 94.03 99.28 5.25

Economics 87.54 93.94 99.59 5.65

Mathematics 75.75 93.80 99.84 6.04

Political Science 80.50 90.65 99.47 8.82

Sociology 92.99 97.29 98.68 1.39

Geography 85.75 98.54 98.08 -0.46

Physical Education & Sports 94.22 97.84 96.49 -1.35

Physics 71.26 88.75 96.04 7.29

Chemistry 69.43 93.19 95.66 2.47

Biology 77.77 92.87 94.16 1.29

Source: Department of School Education

Education Infrastructure
As a result of various initiatives of th State government Punjab has become the top performer
on majority of school infrastructure indicators (Table 46). Over 90% of the schools in Punjab are
equipped with basic necessities like building, boundary wall, drinking water, electricity and
playground. Almost all schools are easily approachable with all-weather roads. Punjab has also made
remarkable progress in ensuring that schools in the state are equipped with modern technologies like
computers. Over 75% schools in the state have computers, against only 29.57% at national level.
Table 46: Punjab's performance on infrastructure related indicators vis-a-vis other select states
(2017-18)

%age of schools with

Approachable
Boundary Water Electric Playgroun Compute
Building by all-
wall Facility Facility d r
weather road

Punjab 99.9 98.0 99.6 99.7 99.6 89.4 75.6

Andhra
99.5 63.1 93.5 97.2 93.5 56.9 32.8
Pradesh
 Chapter 6 Human Development 139

%age of schools with

Approachable
Boundary Water Electric Playgroun Compute
Building by all-
wall Facility Facility d r
weather road

Gujarat 100.0 93.9 99.3 100.0 99.9 81.1 72.8

Haryana 99.7 97.7 97.9 99.9 99.2 86.2 50.1

Kerala 99.9 84.6 97.3 99.6 98.0 74.4 95.6

Maharashtra 99.7 82.9 97.5 98.6 94.7 87.8 68.8

Tamil Nadu 100.0 81.7 98.6 99.2 99.6 78.8 58.5

All India 98.8 65.4 86.9 95.8 67.6 62.1 29.6

Source: DISE (2017-18)

Physical infrastructure helps in building an environment conducive to learning and development.

Punjab has made significant progress in ensuring availability of adequate infrastructure, as
presented in table 47. Further, as of 2017-18, Punjab had 33 colleges per lac of population,
translating to an average 576 enrollment per college. In contrast, at all India level, there are 28
colleges per lac of population.

Table 47: Number of educational institutes in Punjab

Type of Educational Institute 2000 2010 2020

Primary/ Junior Basic School 13076 13950 13801

Middle/ Senior Basic School 2534 3792 5097

Senior Secondary Schools 1189 NA 5135

University 5 6 16*

Medical Colleges 6 8 9*

High/Post Basic Schools 2199 NA 4424

Polytechnic Institutions 20 86 163

Technical Industrial Art & Craft Schools 119 112 337

Teacher Training Colleges 22 NA 186*

Note: * indicates data is for the year 2016
Source: Department of School Education, Punjab and Economics and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

In the year 2020, Pupil Teacher Ratio in Punjab stood at 20:1 at the primary level and 24:1 at
the upper primary level, which is significantly better than the recommended level (30:1). Most
important human infrastructure in the education sector is the teaching staff. Pupil Teacher Ratio
(PTR) measures the average number of pupils per teacher in a school during an academic year. The
RTE Act prescribes that the PTR should be 30:1 and 35:1, at the primary and upper primary level,
respectively. Almost 80% of primary schools in Punjab have a PTR have a lower than 30:1,
140 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
while only 5.4% schools have a PTR greater than 50. At all India level, 70% of primary schools
have a PTR of less than 30 and 11.4% schools have a PTR greater than 40.

Performance of Schools
Education Quality index (SEQI), developed by Niti Aayog, evaluates the performance of states and
Union Territories (UTs) in the school
Figure 95: Score of Punjab and other states on SEQI education sector. The index aims to help
(2016-17) states and UTs identify opportunities for
improvement and areas that need
government intervention. The index
includes 30 different indicators
categorized into two categories and 4
domains:
Category 1: Outcomes
o Domain 1: Learning Outcomes
o Domain 2: Access Outcomes
o Domain 3: Infrastructure &
Facilities for Outcomes
o Domain 4: Equity Outcomes
Source: SEQI 2019
Category2: Governance Processes
Aiding Outcomes
With the focus on learning, almost 50% weight has been assigned to learning outcomes, reinstating
the importance of children gaining tangible outcomes.
Punjab has maintained its 9th rank on the index in 2015-16 and 2016-17, with a score of 50.74
and 59.06 respectively (Figure 95). In tandem with most states, Punjab’s performance on Category 2
is better than its performance on Category 1. Between 2015-16 and 2016-17, Punjab’s rank on
Category 2 improved from 14 to 10, while it declined from 6 to 7 on Category 1.

Various government initiatives in education sector

School Education
Smart Schools Project:
In order to strengthen school education and improve learning levels of students through ICT based
education in Government schools, the Department of School Education Punjab has been converting
government schools into Smart Schools. These schools have been developed as model schools in
which state of the art facilities are provided to impact on the quality education. Smart School Policy
has been notified by the Department on 25.10.2019. Main features of the policy are:
(i) School Development Plan: School Development Committee (SDC) is constituted in the school
which prepared School Development Plan (SDP) clearly showing cost estimate of funds required to
convert the school to be the smart schools.
(ii) Sharing Pattern (60:40): The requirements of funds for developing smart schools is met by the
concerned school and the State in the ratio of 60:40. The school commits to contribute 60% of the
 Chapter 6 Human Development 141

total required funds for developing the school into smart school from its different sources and the
balance 40% is provided by the Department.
(iii) School Management Committee: The funds are provided in the bank account of School
Management Committee of the school which is jointly operated by head of the school and the
Chairman of the School Management Committee. The transfer of funds under this scheme is made
through online mode. The bank account details of the School Management Committee are made
available on the school website to enable donor for online transfer of funds.
(iv) Parameters for Smart Schools: The smart schools have the following parameters: Smart
Classrooms, Coloured Coordinated Buildings, Building As Learning Aid (BALA) Work, CCTV
cameras, Green board/white board, Furniture for all students, Lecture stands for students and
teachers, availability of potable drinking water facility, separate adequate number of functional
toilets for girls , well equipped science laboratories, vocational laboratories, ICT laboratories, etc.
So for 7842 schools out of 19107 have been converted into smart schools with state funds.
English as a medium of instruction
To improve the English language communication skills and help the students keep abreast of
worldwide developments, the Department introduced option of English medium in more than15000
Primary, Middle, High and Senior Secondary government schools. At present nearly 3.72 lacs
students have opted English as medium of instruction in these schools.
Each one Bring one Enrolment Drive
Punjab is running special enrolment drive to motivate the parents for admitting their children in
Government schools. It has resulted into increase in enrolment in the current year by 14.9% from
Pre-primary to Senior Secondary level. This itself is a record increase in enrolment in a single year.
Launch of Pre-Primary Schooling
Since 14th November 2017 the State of Punjab has launched pre-primary classes for students of age
group 3-6 in all Government Primary Schools. Approximately 3.30 lac students are enrolled in
schools in the pre-primary sections in the session 2020-21. Child friendly material in the form of
story books, story cards, flash cards etc. has been prepared and circulated to all schools. E-Content
has been prepared according to the prescribed syllabus to create interest and to enhance the learning.
Trainings for pre-primary teachers and school head teachers have been organized at block level
throughout the state to acquaint them with the concept and contents related to pre-primary
curriculum. Different types of supplementary material and grants have been sent to schools to
strengthen pre-primary schooling. Following grants have been disbursed in year 2020-21 for pre-
primary classes:
• Health & Hygiene practice grant @ 12000/- per school
• Grant for different activities/material to develop cognitive abilities among students @ 2900/- per
school
• TLM grant for pre-primary teachers @ 2500/- per school.
• Grant for development of psycho-motor skills @ 220/- per schools
Separate Cadre for Border Areas
It has been observed in Punjab, that many posts of teachers in backward and difficult areas normally
remain vacant. Even though the State has sought to fill posts in such areas on priority basis, yet after
142 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
some time teachers get transferred to places of their preference around more developed areas for
different reasons. The State of Punjab has created a separate cadre of teachers for border areas in
order to address the shortage of teachers in border areas. The teachers once recruited or opted for
these districts will remain in these districts only. In recent post, Department of School Education has
recruited 3582 Master cadre teachers and most of them have been posted in Amritsar, Gurdaspur,
Ferozepur, Fazilka, Tarn Taran and Pathankot districts.
Creation of Exclusive Cadre for School Administrator
Leadership plays key role in performance and there are evidences that some schools perform better
than others because of the leadership of the principal or headmaster. Department has notified
Exclusive Cadre of Educational Administrators vide notification dated 07.06.2018. Provision has
been made for direct recruitment of officers of senior level. Recruitment for 2797 posts of 154
Principals, 672 Headmasters, 38 BPEOs, 375 Centre Head Teachers (CHT) and1558 Head Teachers
(HT) has been completed. Recruitment of Principals, Headmasters and BPEOs is done by PPSC and
for CHTs and HTs it is done by the Department itself.
Parho Punjab, Parhao Punjab
To improve the learning levels of students particularly at primary stage of schooling, the State of
Punjab launched, the state flagship Learning Enhancement Program ‘Padho Punjab Padhao Punjab’
(PPPP) in all government schools from classes 1st to 8th to ensure age and class appropriate levels
of learning of students in a time bound manner in 2017.The programme focuses on enhancement of
creativity of the brilliant students and emphasizes to strengthen their capabilities. It also puts stress
upon educating each child with the thrust on their understandings of concept instead of merely
learning. Under this programme the students’ learning is assessed and they are put into different
groups as per their learning levels. Teachers have been trained to use activity-based teaching learning
techniques to improve the learning levels of the students and to move students to the next higher
level of learning in a time bound manner. It is heartening to note that the students learning levels
have started improving through the Learning Enhancement Programme PPPP, as discussed in the
section ‘Learning Outcomes’.
In order to continue this programme during COVID-19 pandemic time capacity building of teachers
of all subjects has been done on how to use IT tools for effective teaching learning. Punjab Educare
App has been developed as a reservoir of all study materials for all subjects of 1st to 12th classes.
Continuous 11 hour online teaching is being done through e-Vidya and DD-1. Further, online
tracking, evaluation and monitoring of each child is being done regularly in a systematic way.
Parent-Teacher Meetings have been organized regularly after an interval of two months.
Mission Sat Pratishat
As discussed earlier, the State flagship Learning Enhancement Program ‘Padho Punjab Padhao
Punjab’ (PPPP) has been launched in all government schools from classes 1 st to 12th to ensure age
and class appropriate levels of learning of students in a time bound manner. The learning level of
students has started improving through the Learning Enhancement Program PPPP. The ASER report
shows a significant improvement in the learning level of students of Punjab.
Further, the Board results for the year 2019-20 for class 10+2 has gone up to 96.95% from 88.36% in
the year 2018-19; thereby, recording an improvement by more than 28% over a period of three years.
 Chapter 6 Human Development 143

Welcome Life
Apart from the focus on the academic learning of children in schools, the state of Punjab has initiated
various programs like making school children aware of ill effects of drugs, and how to be protective
from the incidences of sexual abuse. The school curriculum contains contents relating to sensitizing
students about human rights, gender equality promotion of a culture of peace and non violence,
global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversities within India and at the global level. New
subject 'Welcome Life' is introduced in all classes from 1st to 12th to inculcate values like ethics,
positive attitude, gender equality etc. through stories, activities, mind maps, situation-based questions
and role plays.
E-governance in the working of the Department
Special efforts are being made to develop E-governance in the department. To expedite the
completion of teachers service-related matters without any delay in a transparent way, the
department has initiated the process of inducting e-governance dispensing with the necessity to apply
through papers and by visiting offices personally. Virtually all data related to schools, students and
teachers are computerized and uploaded on e-Punjab portal on the website of the Department.
Special instructions have been given to officers at the Head Quarter and districts not to demand any
information from schools if it is already available on portal. Various service matters of teachers like
their leaves, transfer and grievance redressal are done online.
IT interventions and e-Governance initiatives undertaken
1. Online School Management System “ePunjabSchool".
2. e-office: For tracking of Diary/Dak and File Movements.
3. GIS Mapping of schools: GIS coordinates of all Government Schools have been collected and
mapped on online system.
4. Unification of portals:All portals and websites of dept. of school education have been clubbed
into single portal.
5. Mobile Applications: School Login, Staff Login, Mobile Biometric Attendance System, My
office, MDM Monitoring.
6. Biometric Attendance system has been implemented in 1000 schools across in Punjab on pilot
basis.
7. Various Software has been introduced during last the one year.
Grading of Schools
To increase the healthy competition among schools, Government of Punjab has graded all the Senior
Secondary and High Schools. Grading of schools is being done on the parameters such as: annual
result of students; infrastructure of school; co-curricular activities; attendance of students;
involvement of SMC and public in school. There has been a very good response among the teachers
and this initiative of the Department has created a healthy competition among the schools.
Department has also identified the best school in the block, district and in the State. The policy of
grading of school in available at www.ssapunjab.org. The parameters for grading of schools are:
Table 48: Parameters for grading of schools

Sr. No. Parameters Marks

1 Annual results of students 50

2 Infrastructure of school 20
144 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Sr. No. Parameters Marks

3 Co-curricular activities 15

4 Attendance of students 10

5 Involvement of SMC/Public 5

Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan

The scheme of Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan is being implemented from Pre-Primary to senior
secondary level. The objective of the scheme is 100% school access, 100% enrollment of children of
age group 4-18, 100% retention, zero dropout, quality education and enhanced learning outcomes.
The fund sharing pattern of the scheme is 60:40 for Central and State respectively. Under this
scheme, an amount of Rs.1294.42 crore has been approved by Govt. of India for the year 2020-21.
The approved budget is being utilized for various activities given as below:
• 3800 smart classrooms are being established in Government primary, middle, high and senior
secondary schools
• Special training is being provided to 2593 Out-of-School children (OOSC) identified in the age
group 7-14 years for mainstreaming them into regular schools.
• Free Textbooks for non-SC students of classes 1st to 8th in government and government aided
schools.
• As many as 67716 Children with special needs are being provided home based education.
• Vocational Education is being provided in 955 government senior secondary schools.
Green Boards and Furniture Drive
24145 Green Boards and 41000 dual desks have been provided in primary schools. Apart from this,
department has also provided 14010 tables and 70050 chairs to the schools for Pre-Primary students.
By the end of this financial year the furniture will be provided in all the primary schools. Department
has also started a drive to rationalize the furniture in schools.
Children with Special Needs
In the year 2019-20, as many as 70219 children with special needs were provided various facilities
like home based education, resource room support, treatment and surgical correction. During the
year 2020-21, home based education is being provided to 67716 children with special needs.
Mid-Day-Meal
During the financial year 2019-20 Mid-Day Meal has been provided to 13.81 lac students with the
expenditure of Rs 265.49 crore. In the year 2020-21, 16.95 lac students have been provided
foodgrains directly at their doorsteps and the cooking cost has been deposited in their bank
accounts with an expenditure of Rs.273.75 crore till 31-12-2020.
Vocational Education
In the year 2019-20 vocational education was provided to students of 955 Govt. Senior Secondary
Schools. Vocational Education is being continued in these 955 Govt. Senior Secondary Schools
during the year 2020-21. Trades such as Agriculture, Automobile, Beauty & Wellness, Healthcare,
IT/ITES, Physical Education, Retail, Security and Travel & Tourism are being taught under this
program.
 Chapter 6 Human Development 145

Attendance scholarship to handicapped girl students in the rural areas

Girls, specially handicapped need special attention .In order to uplift the status of the disabled girls
in the rural areas & also to make them self reliant, incentives in the form of Attendance scholarships
to the handicapped girl students in rural areas may be provided to cover the partial cost of uniform &
books etc. till the time they are desirous of receiving education.
For the financial year 2019-20 a sum of Rs 58.00 lacs was allotted, out of which amount of Rs 52.02
lacs was spent to cover 2260 beneficiaries. A budget provision of Rs. 174.00 lac has been proposed
for the year 2021-22.

Initiatives taken by the Department to provide online education to the

students during COVID-19 pandemic time:
Ever since the declaration of closure of schools in the last week of March 2020 in the state,
Government of Punjab has been making multiple efforts to mitigate the immediate impact of school
closures. Several initiatives are being taken to facilitate the continuity of education of children
through different modes of remote teaching and learning. Punjab state, which already had been
taking many initiatives for digital education in schools in the state, immediately came on its toes in
making their teachers use various available modes to teach children from distance. Fortunately, the e-
content had already been prepared for almost all classes and for almost all subjects and was being
streamed through Edusat. With the help of its teachers, officers, and some NGOs, many initiatives
have been taken in the field of education to wade through the current scenario. Some of the
prominent initiatives taken by the Department of School Education for E-schooling are launching
Mobile App(s) (namely Iscuela Learn and Parho Punjab Parhao Punjab), lectures delivering through
various mediums such as YouTube Channel (named “Edusat Punjab”), DTH/Cable TV Channel and
radios, uploading of E-books, start of Online Admissions, organizing Virtual Parent Teacher
Meetings, conducting Punjab Achievement Survey (PAS) and imparting Online teacher training.

COVID -19 challenges and looking ahead

Though the Department of School Education has been trying its best to continue Teaching-Learning
process but there are number of challenges which the Department is facing to sail through this tough
time causing, inter alia, learning gaps specifically between “have-digital-device children’ and ‘not-
have- digital-device children”.
Challenges
The main challenge which the department is facing is the lack of access of all children to required
digital devices and data pack for availing the facility of online education. Though Government of
Punjab has already initiated the process of providing smart phones to students of higher classes but
this provision needs to be made for all students.
Looking Ahead
The COVID pandemic which started way back in March 2020 and still going on with the uncertainly
how long it will take to normalize the situation. It is the need of the hour to strengthen the school
system so as to make it responsive to such situations. Particularly by strengthening infrastructure of
schools for online education and evaluation system. Similarly, health precautions like wearing of
masks, sanitization, social distancing, etc needs to be regular features of schooling system duly
supported with required infrastructure and sensitization programme for teachers, students, parents
and other stakeholders..
146 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Higher Education
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)
1.Under the phase -2 of Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA), a 60:40 Centre: State
sharable scheme of Govt of India and Punjab Government, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar
is setting up the following centres at a cost of 70 Cr:-
a .Centre for Sustainable Habitat
b. Centre for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences
c. Centre for Agriculture Research & innovation
d. Development of IT Enabled Pedagogical Model for teaching and Learning
e. Development of Entrepreneurial Courses.
f. Centre for Entrepreneurship & Innovation
2. An amount of 7.5 Cr has been released to Punjabi University Patiala for setting up
Entrepreneurship Innovation and Career Hub under Research, Innovation and Quality
Improvement component of RUSA-2. The University has also been released Rs.5 Cr for
Infrastructure Enhancement in the University Campus.
3. Entrepreneurial Hubs are being established in GNDU, Amritsar and Punjabi University, Patiala,
which will act as a fusion zone for innovative ideas, transfer of technology to the field and hand
holding by various stock holders for entrepreneurial ventures.
4. Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar has been released Rs. 3.5 Cr for undertaking Faculty
Development Programs and development of content for e- tutorials.
5. A new Model Degree College being constructed in the aspirational district of Moga at village
Fatehgarh Korotana ,is 75% complete and classes will start from the ensuing academic session of
2021-22.
Technical Education
With the objective of improving the quality of Technical Education in the State, IIT Ropar has been
persuaded to become Academic Mentor of Govt. promoted Engineering Colleges at Gurdaspur &
Ferozepur, ITI Ropar and Khooni Majra Govt. Polytechnic. MOUs have been signed with IIT Ropar
in this regard.
Chief Minister Scholarship Scheme
Chief Minister Scholarship Scheme has been implemented in Government Polytechnic Colleges
wherein rebate is provided from 70% to 100% on their tuition fees based on the performance of
meritorious students. CMS became popular in the Government polytechnic colleges with time, and
the admission has increased in the current session to 87%.
Establishment of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Indian Institute of Management
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Indian Institute of Management of national level is being setup at IKGPTU,
Kapurthala with the objective of achieving quality management education of international level.
Indian Institute of Management, Amritsar will be the Mentor Institute of this institute.
Establishment of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Museum
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Museum is being setup at IKGPTU, Kapurthala, in which the biography and
great achievements of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar will be displayed.
In this Budget Session, a Bill to upgrade Shaheed Bhagat Singh College of Engineering &
Technology, Ferozepur and Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur into
Campus/Non affiliating Universities will be presented in the Vidhan Sabha.
 Chapter 6 Human Development 147

6.5 Women empowerment

Low sex ratio and low level of participation of women in labour force indicate that there is need to
pay special attention to improve situation of women in the State. Historically, women have been
subjected to discrimination across all domains of life, from education to healthcare to household
decision making to employment. And despite significant progress, women continue to be the ‘weaker
sex’, across the globe. It needs to be understood that an equal status is not merely a basic human
right, but also essential for a sustainable development. SDG 5 which aims at achieving gender
equality and empowering all women and girls, reinstate the need for women to be given their due
place in the world. Majority of Indian states fall in the ‘Aspirant’ category for SDG 5 on Niti
Aayog’s SDG Index. Kerala and Sikkim are the only two states in the ‘Performer’ category.
Punjab has previously been Figure 96 : District wise sex ratio in Punjab (2011)
known as state with high
incidence of female feticide
and infanticide, and other forms
of discrimination against
women. However, the State
has made significant progress
in empowering the women in
Punjab. To further curb the
practice of female feticide, the
Bebe Nanki Laadli Beti Kalyan
Scheme is being implemented
in the State since 2011-12. The
scheme has been providing
financial assistance to families
so that the ‘financial burden’ of Source: Census of India 2011
raising daughters is not a
concern. As highlighted in Chapter 1, Punjab has shown the highest improvement in sex ratio
between 2005-07 and 2017-18, raising the sex ratio in the state from 837 to 890. As per census,
district level differences continue to exist, ranging from 868 in Bathinda to 961 in Hoshiarpur, as
highlighted in Figure 96.

Educational indicators for Figure 97: Median years of schooling, gender wise
females
Literacy rates for female in Punjab
stood at 70.7%, as per Census 2011
(Rural women: 65.8% and Urban
women: 79.2%), significantly higher
than the national average of 64.7%.
However, literacy rate for females
continues to be lower than males. The
gender gap in literacy rates was 9.7
percentage points as recorded in the
Census of 2011. However, Punjab has
made significant progress in increasing
literacy of women. Between 2001 and
Source: NFHS 2015-16 and 2005-06
148 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
2011, the literacy rate for women increased from 63.5% to the latest estimate of 70.7%, reducing the
gender gap from 11.9% to 9.7%.
It is well known that educating a man makes him capable, while educating a woman makes the entire
family capable. The first step to ensuring equality for women is by providing them access to
education and ensuring that females come to schools and colleges. Apart from literacy rates, formal
education plays a significant role in improving the status of women in the society. Mirroring national
trends, the median years of schooling for females continues to be lower than that for males, as
presented in Figure 97. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made over the years. With
improvement in median years of schooling for Punjab females from 4.4 years in 2005-06 to 6.5 years
in 2015-16, the gender gap has reduced to 1.3 years.
Table 49: GER and NER for Punjab, gender wise (2019-20), in %
Level of education Male Female

Primary 93.3 99.8

Upper Primary 86.3 100.2

GER
Secondary 90.1 99.3

High Secondary 76.2 85.2

Primary 89.4 96.8

Upper Primary 80.8 95.4

NER
Secondary 69.0 80.8

High Secondary 54.8 65.5

Source: Department of School Education, Punjab

GER and NER for females in Punjab has been higher than males at all levels of education, as
presented in Table 49.
Similar trend is observed at the national level also, with females having a higher GER and NER
(Table 50). However, GER and NER for females in Punjab has been higher than the females at all
India level. This indicates significant progress made in Punjab in ensuring that women are being
enrolled in education at all levels. In comparison to national trends, Punjab records a higher or at par
GPI than all India (Table 51).
Table 50: GER and NER at all levels of education for Punjab and India, gender wise (2018-19)
GER

Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher Secondary Higher

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Punjab 107.5 107.5 99.5 100.4 93.0 93.3 67.5 68.8 25.5 34.3

India 100.8 101.8 87.3 88.5 76.8 76.9 49.4 50.8 26.3 26.4
 Chapter 6 Human Development 149

NER
Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher Secondary
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Punjab 76.9 80.9 55.6 62.5 35.7 43.5 24.0 32.3
India 88.5 89.8 68.1 69.9 48.2 49.0 29.9 31.6
Source: UDISE+ Report Card (2018-19) and All India Survey on Higher Education (2018-19).

Table 51: Gender Parity Index at all levels of education (2016-17)

Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher Secondary Higher Education*

Punjab 1.05 1.10 1.01 1.00 1.33

India 1.02 1.10 1.02 1.02 1.00

*- Data for GPI for higher education is for 2018-19
Source: DISE and AISHE

Punjab has not only been successful in ensuring that girls come to schools but also to continue
to remain there. Drop-out rates for females in Punjab is lower than males for all levels of education
from primary to higher secondary. The difference becomes significant as the level of education
advances. In 2019-20, the drop-out rate amongst males at higher secondary level is 8.87, while that
for females is 6.56, a gap of 2.31.
The better performance of females in
Punjab continues in learning outcomes
also. Females perform better than males in
almost all subjects, across class 3, 5, 8 and Females perform better than males in both
outcome and learning indicators, in
10, as highlighted in Table 52. The gap in education attainment.
scores grows as the level of education
advances. However, the relatively poor
performance of both genders can be
observed in mathematics.
Table 52: Score of students of Punjab in National Achievement Survey, gender wise

Class Subject Male Female

EVS 57 58

Class 3 Language 63 64

Maths 56 56

EVS 51 52

Class 5 Language 52 54

Maths 46 47
150 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Class Subject Male Female

Language 52 56

Maths 31 32
Class 8
Science 37 37

Social Science 34 35

Maths 32 34

Science 34 36

Class 10 Social Science 37 39

English 36 38

Modern Indian Language 48 52

Source: National Achievement Survey (2017)

Health indicators for females

Overall healthcare Indicators has been better and the State Punjab has been a front runner as
is reflected in the high life expectancy in the State. Consistent with national trends, females in
Punjab have a higher life expectancy than males. Further, the life expectancy of females in Punjab is
significantly higher than that for females at all-India level. As per General Registrar of India, for the
period 2014-18, life expectancy (at birth) for Punjabi females was 74.8 years, against 71.0 years for
men. In comparison, the all India life expectancy for females is 70.7 years and for males is 68.2
years.
But, the indicators for maternal care indicate that Punjab is behind other large states, as
discussed above MMR, the primary indicator of maternity healthcare, for Punjab is at par with
national average of 122 per lac live births. In comparison states like Kerala record an MMR of 42 per
lac live births. As presented in Table 33, Punjab has progressed ahead of national average in
providing expectant mothers with ante-natal care and ensuring that deliveries are assisted with
medical professionals. However, the significantly better performance of other states highlights that
Punjab has scope to improve even further. Nevertheless, Punjab has the second-highest proportion
(91%) of new mothers that receive post-natal care, across all states.
Employment Scenario of female population
Although women perform better than men in educational and learning outcomes, yet this does
not translate to employment opportunities for them. Consistent with national trends, women in
Punjab report a lower worker-population ratio (WPR) and higher unemployment rate (UR) than men,
as discussed in Chapter 1. The situation is relatively graver in Punjab. Not only Punjabi females have
a lower WPR and higher UR than women at national level, the gap is significantly large between the
two genders within the State. Table 53 presents a look into the employment situation for both
genders and highlights how women have a poor representation in the labour force. This indicates a
wastage of their abilities and learning, which is relatively better than the males, as highlighted by the
learning outcomes. The situation is more serious in urban Punjab, where UR for females is more than
double, and the WPR is less than 1/5th, than that for males.
 Chapter 6 Human Development 151

Table 53: Worker Participation Rate & Unemployment Rate for males & females in Punjab & India,
2018-19
Total Rural Urban
Male Female Male Female Male Female

Punjab 68.8 17.3 66.6 17.3 72.4 17.1

Worker Participation Rate
India 71.0 23.3 72.2 25.5 68.6 18.4

Punjab 6.9 9.4 7.6 8.3 6.0 11.3

Unemployment Rate
India 6.0 5.1 5.5 3.5 7.0 9.8
Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2018-19

The discrimination against women in the employment sector is also evident in the wage gap
between the two genders, especially in the regular salaried workers in rural areas. During April
to June 2019, regular salaried women in Punjab earned, on average, Rs. 8427 lesser than men.
Similarly, regular salaried men in urban Punjab, during the same period, on average earned Rs.
3979.20 more than women. Contrary to this, regular salaried females at all India level earned almost
5000 lesser. For casual labour (not engaged in public works) also, the wage gap exists, especially in
the rural areas. Females engaged as casual labour in rural Punjab earned Rs. 9.09 lesser, while those
in urban areas earned Rs. 23.36 lesser. The gender wage gap for both forms of employment in
Punjab, though large, is lesser than the difference at all India levels, except for regular salaried in the
rural areas.

Various government initiatives to empower women

Government of Punjab is committed for the empowerment of women. To uplift the social and
educational status of women, to improve the skewed sex ratio of girls, awareness regarding social
stigma in respect of the birth of girl child, providing financial benefits for bringing up the girl child,
reduce the school dropout rate etc. The main aim of all these schemes is to create awareness among
people and empower women. 139284 number of girls students will be provided bicycles under Mai
Bhago Vidya Scheme in the FY 2021-22. A budget provision of Rs. 23.00 crore has been made for
the year 2021-22.
Nirbhaya Fund (Dedicated fund for safety and security of women)
For ensuring safety and security of women in the country Government of India has set up a
dedicated fund called Nirbhaya. Under this scheme proposals are being received from various
departments and districts to run the project for the safety and security of women in the State. A
budget provision of Rs. 3.00 crore has been made for the year 2021-22.
Ujjawala scheme
The Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All was launched in 2015 with a target of replacing 77
crore incandescent lamps with LED bulbs. To nullify the high-cost of LEDs that acted as a barrier
previously in adoption of energy efficient systems, the scheme was implemented to set up phase wise
LED distribution across the nation to provide people with affordable LED bulbs and energy efficient
appliances. The objective is to promote efficient lighting, enhance awareness on using efficient
equipment that will reduce electricity bills and preserve the environment. A multi-dimensional
152 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
approach is needed which will undertake preventive measures to arrest trafficking especially in
vulnerable areas and sections of population; and to enable rescue, rehabilitation and reintegration of
the trafficked victims. Under the scheme, around 70% SC beneficiaries would be covered and
approximately 30% would be covered of general category. A budget provision of Rs. 15.00 lakh has
been made for the year 2021-22.
Kasturba Gandhi Mahila Yojana
Kasturba Gandhi Mahila Yojana scheme cover all the women headed households in the State, with
the objective of helping these families to gain easy access to all schemes run by all departments of
the State Government. A budget provision of Rs 5.00 crore has been made for the year 2021-22.
Mata Tripta Mahila Yojana
Mata Tripta Mahila Scheme would be implemented as a major programme for the empowerment of
women oriented families in the state of Punjab. The scheme will focus on providing benefits to all
eligible women under the existing schemes run by the government. This is to reach out to all the
needy women and girls in the state so that they can be provided services/benefits/rights such as
health care, education, employment, security and dignity. Under this scheme, the Government of
Punjab will launch new initiatives and programmes to cover aspects and needs which are not yet
covered under the schemes run by various departments of the State and Central Government for
women and girls. A budget provision of Rs 5.00 crore has been made for the year 2021-22.
The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 ("PWDVA") provides for more effective
protection of the rights of women guaranteed under the Constitution who are victims of violence of
any kind occurring within the family. Under the State Plan Scheme, Awareness Programme for
Domestic Violence Act 2005, the department has organized awareness programme with the
assistance of State Legal Service Authority, Police department and NGOs working in the field of
Women welfare through the District Programme Officers and Child Development Officers at all
district in the State of Punjab. For the awareness of the Act, pamphlets have been distributed in these
programmes. Awareness campaign has also been made through electronic media like T.V. and Radio
etc.
Concessional Travel Facility to Women above the age of 60 years in Punjab Roadways /
PRTC buses in the State
To felicitate the mobility among women above 60 years of age, the concessional traveling facility in
Punjab Roadways and PRTC buses have been provided on half fare. For the year 2020-21 the outlay
is 1.40 crores. A budget provision of Rs. 140.00 lac has been proposed for the year 2021-22.
Mai Bhago Vidya (Edu.) Scheme (Free Bicycle to all Girl Students Studying in class 9th to
12th ) (Renamed Scheme SWCW(S)-12).
The State Government has started Mai Bhago Vidhya Scheme during the year 2011-12 for all the
girl students studying in class 9th to 12th in Government Schools for the purpose to continue further
study and to reduce the school dropping rate.
Women Helpline (WHL) Scheme
This Scheme is intended to provide 24 hours immediate and emergency response to women affected
by violence through referral (linking with appropriate authority such as police, One Stop Centre,
hospital) and information about women related government schemes programmes across the country
 Chapter 6 Human Development 153

through a single uniform number. In Punjab, 181 Help Line is being already run by Punjab Police at
SAS Nagar (Mohali). Therefore, it has been decided that Punjab Police will upgrade it in accordance
with the Universalization of Women Help Line guidelines with software & dedicated staff where all
calls concerning women would be directly routed to 181 manned by experts.
CS (WCD)-18- Swadhar Greh Scheme
During the year 2019 the Govt. of India through its Ministry of Women & Child Development
started Short Stay Scheme with objective to provide temporary accommodation, maintenance and
rehabilitative services to women and girls rendered homeless. As per recent directions, the Swadhar
Greh Scheme is to be run with cost sharing ratio of 60:40 i.e. Centre Govt : State Govt. Presently
there are only two Swadhar Greh Homes in Jalandhar and Amritsar. For the year 2020-21 the outlay
is 0.50 crores The budget provision of Rs. 50.00 lacs has been proposed for the year 2021-22.
National Creche Scheme for children of working mothers
Creche Scheme was implemented by NGO Child Welfare Council and Social Welfare Advisory
Board which were running 102 and 112 creches respectively. The Department has taken over these
crèches from 1.1.2018 as per the instructions of Government of India and 216 creches are functional
now. For the year 2020-21 the outlay is 2.27 crores against which a sum of Rs 0.33 crores has been
spent upto 31.12.2020. The budget provision of Rs. 227.08 lacs has been proposed for the year
2021-22.

6.6 Uplifting of marginalised classes

Punjab has the largest proportion of Schedule
Caste population in the country.As per the
Share of SC population as a
Census of 2011, almost one third (31.94%) of the proportion of total population
population in Punjab belong to the Scheduled (31.9%) is the highest in Punjab,
Caste classes Figure 98 which roughly translates across all states.
to 4% of the total SC population in the country.
Marginalized sections , across the country, have
been subjected to discrimination and ill-treatment. The Indian Constitution deems all citizens equal.
However, the social construct has historically been discriminatory towards Scheduled Castes and
Tribes. For a sustainable development of the economy, it is essential that all social classes have
opportunities to grow and develop. The SDGs adopted by the United Nation member countries also
aim to ‘leave no one behind’. Punjab, with a large proportion of this marginalised community has a
major role to play in bringing a sustainable development for all.
Figure 98: Share of SC population in State's population

Source: Census of India, 2011

154 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Education and health status of SCs in Punjab

Literacy rates amongst the scheduled castes in Punjab as well as at the national level continue
to be below the total literacy rate. As per Census 2011, the literacy rate for SCs was 64.8% (Males:
70.7% and Females: 58.4%). In comparison, the total literacy rate in the State was 75.9% (Males:
80.5% and Females: 70.7%), indicating a gap in attainment of basic literacy levels between the
marginalised groups and other social classes. It is evident that the gender gap exists amongst the
literacy levels of males and females of scheduled castes. However, the gap is much narrower than
national level.
It is interesting to note that while general literacy rates in Punjab are higher than the national
average, SCs in the state slightly lag behind SCs at the national level. Census 2011 highlights
that literacy rates for SCs in India is 66.1%, against the 64.8% for the SCs in Punjab. A similar trend
is witnessed amongst the males, with SC males in India having a literacy rate of 75.2%, against
70.7% amongst SC males in Punjab. However, contrary to the trends, SC females in Punjab have
recorded a higher literacy rate, as can be observed from Table 54. The trends in adult literacy of SC
in Punjab mirror the trends of overall literacy rates of SC.

Table 54: Literacy rates amongst Schedule Castes in India and Punjab

Punjab India
Age group
Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

7 & above 64.8% 70.7% 58.4% 66.1% 75.2% 56.5%

15 & above (Adult) 59.4% 66.4% 51.8% 60.4% 71.6% 48.6%

Source: Census of India, 2011

Disparity is observed among social classes within the state .. NFHS 2015-16 highlights that 86.8% of
the SC population aged 6-17 years attended school in 2014-15, against 96% of population belonging
to other classes (Not belonging to a scheduled caste, scheduled tribe, or other backward class). To
push for higher take up of education amongst SCs, various scholarship schemes for the educational
development of SC (and other backward classes) have been provided by the State Government
On health and nutrition indicators schedule Castes in Punjab show better results relative to
SC across the country. National level trends highlight that 42.8% of SC children under age five
years are stunted, while 39.1% are underweight and 21.2% are wasted. In contrast, only 29.3% of SC
children under age five are stunted, 24.1% are underweight and only 16.9% are wasted in Punjab. A
contributing factor to this can be that a larger population of SC children in Punjab receive all basic
vaccinations and better access to food. Against 63.2% of children (aged 12 to 23 months) receiving
all basic vaccinations at the national level, 89.2% SC children in Punjab received all basic
vaccinations, as highlighted in NFHS 2015-16. However, again, SCs in the State continue to lag
other social classes in Punjab. Children belonging to other classes (except SC, ST and OBCs) have
better results on anthropometric indices. In terms of adult health status, prevalence of hypertension,
obesity and high blood sugar levels is relatively lower amongst SC (men and women) in comparison
with population (men and women) belonging to other social classes in Punjab.
 Chapter 6 Human Development 155

The take-up of contraception by SC women in the state has also been relatively higher than SC
women at all India level and at par with women belonging to other classes within the State.
75.5% of SC women in the state use some form of contraception, against 54.9% at national level and
76.5% of the women from other classes. Interestingly, a larger proportion (91.1%) of SC women
in the state use modern contraceptive methods, in comparison to 86% of women belonging to
other classes. Consistent with other classes, female sterilization and use of condoms/nirodh are the
preferred modern methods of contraception with SC females. However, while contraception is more
widely accepted amongst the SCs, indicators for maternal care (ante-natal care, institutional delivery
and post-natal care) fall behind other classes in the state.

Government initiatives to uplift marginalised classes

The Punjab Scheduled Castes Land Development and Finance Corporation (PSCFC)
State Govt is providing financial support to marginalized sections to strenghthen the economic
situation through various corporations created specifically for this purpose. The Punjab Scheduled
Castes Land Development and Finance Corporation (PSCFC) provide loan and subsidy to poor
Scheduled Caste population. During the financial year 2018-19 (up to 30.09.2018) PSCFC has
disbursed the amount of Rs. 2273.70 lac to 3267 beneficiaries. During financial year 2019-20 (up to
25 November 2019), Corporation has provided loans amounting to Rs. 41.65 lac to 49 beneficiaries.
The Punjab Backward Classes Land Development and Finance Corporation (BACKFINCO)
To support self employment activities Punjab Backward Classes Land Development and Finance
Corporation provide loans to Backward Classes, Minorities and Economic Weaker Section.
Backfinco serves as a State Channelising Agency (SCA) for the two National level Corporations
namely National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation (NBCFDC) and National
Minorities Development and Finance Corporation (NMDFC). For Backward Classes under
NBCFDC Scheme annual family income criteria is Rs. 3 lacs (irrespective of Rural and Urban sector
with at least 50% of total funding to persons with annual family income upto Rs. 1.50 lacs). For
Minority Communities under NMDFC Scheme for Credit Line-1 Income criteria is upto Rs. 0.98
lacs per annum in Rural Areas and upto Rs. 1.20 lacs per annum in Urban areas (70% disbursement
should be for this target group) and under Credit Line-2 Income criteria is upto Rs. 6 lacs per annum
in both Rural Areas and Urban areas (30% disbursement is for this Target group). For economically
weaker section under Direct Loaning Scheme annual family income is upto Rs. 1,00,000/-.
Corporation has provided loans amounting to Rs. 661.31 lacs to 386 beneficiaries in the year 2019-
20. During the year 2020-21 (31.12.2020) disbursement of Rs. 449.94 lacs has been made to 264
beneficiaries..
Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana
Under the scheme, a sum of Rs. 30.00 crore has been earmarked for providing basic minimum
services like education, health, water supply, sanitation and disposal of sludge water and upgradation
of infrastructure facilities in SC concentrated villages.
156 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

6.7 Poverty
Poverty is the root cause of many economic as well as social
problems. It not only is characterised by low income or lack Punjab has the 2nd lowest
of resources, poverty leads to restricting opportunities of poverty estimates of all
growth and development. It is well known that the poor have states.
lower literacy and education attainment, poorer access to
healthcare facilities and face discrimination in the society. The vicious cycle of poverty ensures that
the poor are unable to break away from the shackles of poverty and grow in life. The first goal under
the 17 SDGs adopted by United Nation member countries is to end poverty in all forms. Termed as
the greatest challenge to humanity, poverty has forced millions of people across the globe to live
even without basic human needs.

Figure 99: Poverty Headcount Ratio (2011-12)

Source: RBI Handbook of State Statistics 2011-12

Punjab has credit of performing better in poverty estimates. With a headcount ratio (as per
Tendulkar estimates-2011-12) of 8.26%, Punjab has the second lowest poverty estimates of all states,
as presented in Figure 99. These estimates are based on a poverty line (monthly per-capita
expenditure) of Rs. 1054 for rural Punjab and Rs. 1155 for urban Punjab. The headcount ratio in
rural areas of Punjab is 7.66% ranking Punjab second out of all states, while that for urban areas is
9.24%, ranking 10th. The relatively better performance in the rural areas is an indication that
agricultural income has helped kept the poverty levels in the state low.
Over the years, Punjab’s poverty headcount ratio has progressively declined from 22.4% in
1993-94 to 20.9% in 2004-05 to the current levels. Over these years, Punjab has consistently been
amongst the top rankers in poverty estimates. The historically earned high agricultural wealth has
helped the consumption in the state stay buoyant even as the growth in per-capita income slows
down.
The estimation of poverty lines is based on Monthly Per Capita Expenditure. Consumption
expenditure is less volatile over time, considered to be measured more reliably than income and
hence, offers good estimate of economic well-being. Given the poverty estimates are quite dated, a
look at the MPCE can help understand the current poverty scenario. Focusing on the rural sector,
the NABARD All-India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) highlights that Punjab has
 Chapter 6 Human Development 157

the highest monthly consumption expenditure per household at Rs. 11707, against a national
average of Rs. 6646. The survey further highlights that Punjab not only has the highest
monthly consumption expenditure, but also the higher surplus over monthly household
income, allowing good savings in the state, as presented in Table 55.
Table 55: Average Monthly Income and Consumption Expenditure per Household by States in rural
areas (In Rupees per month per household)

Average Monthly Average Consumption

Surplus
Income Expenditure

Punjab 16020 11707 4314

Kerala 15130 11156 3975

Haryana 12072 8646 3426

Himachal Pradesh 11702 8556 3146

Gujarat 10518 7490 3028

Tamil Nadu 9716 7381 2335

Arunachal Pradesh 9877 7722 2155

Maharashtra 8938 6821 2117

Assam 8880 6814 2066

Meghalaya 10061 8242 1819

Chhattisgarh 7272 5607 1665

Odisha 7241 5613 1628

West Bengal 6860 5249 1611

Karnataka 8383 6882 1502

India 8059 6646 1413

Jammu & Kashmir 10747 9343 1404

Goa 10758 9445 1313

Rajasthan 8338 7039 1299

Manipur 9679 8617 1062

Nagaland 10002 8976 1026

Telangana 7811 6813 998

Madhya Pradesh 6632 5675 956

Mizoram 9491 8561 930

Tripura 8612 7980 632

158 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Average Monthly Average Consumption

Surplus
Income Expenditure

Uttarakhand 8762 8303 459

Uttar Pradesh 6257 5941 315

Sikkim 8560 8246 314

Jharkhand 5854 5544 310

Bihar 6277 6015 262

Andhra Pradesh 5842 5746 95

Source: NAFIS 2016-17

6.8 Environmental challenges

Punjab with a score of 0.55 ranks 6thout of 18 big states, on
the Environment aspect of the Good Governance Index, Punjab ranks 6th, on the
launched by the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances Environment aspect of the Good
& Pensions. This aspect of the index assesses whether a Governance Index of MoS (PP)
state has an Action Plan for Climate change, along with the
change in forest cover in the state.

Concerns related to ground water levels

Punjab has been successful in achieving almost 100% net irrigated area, to modernize the agricultural
practices in the State. However, this has come with a cost. The state is heavily dependent on ground
water resources for irrigation needs of the state. A report by Central Ground Water Board, on the
Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India (2017), highlights that over 95% of extracted water in
Punjab is for irrigation purposes, the highest across all states. As highlighted in Chapter 2, the heavy
exploitation of ground water resources has put Punjab in a crisis with indications that the State may
soon run out of ground water levels.
 Chapter 7 Public Finance

The Corona Virus pandemic may alter budget estimate significantly. The quality of
spending and the credibility of state budget will assume critical importance in the recovery from
corona Virus led economic crisis. The next few years are going to be challenging for the state.
There is direct linkage between growth and tax revenue and considering the fact that tax
collections fall faster than GDP when growth is negative, Tax revenues are likely to be reduced for
the next few years Pandemic related spending, particularly on health and other support measures
for households and firms are likely to keep these expenditures high prolonging the scissor effect. In
addition, States’ fiscal position is likely to be affected.

Agricultural activities are less impacted and also services such as banking and financial
services, IT and IT enabled services are less impacted.

Before Covid 19, Pandemic Punjab state was on the path of sustainable growth due to
signs of stable fiscal indicators. A consistently declining trend in outstanding liabilities to GSDP
ratio was observed. Total outstanding liabilities for Punjab projected to be stood at Rs. 249187.1
crores as on March 2021. State Development Loans are projected to form 59% of Punjab’s
outstanding liabilities as on end March 2021. Composition of outstanding liabilities has undergone
a change with Punjab moving towards SDLs (open market borrowings) and loans from banks and
financial institutions.

7.1 Overview
Fiscal performance
Punjab is on a sustainable fiscal path as shown in Table 56. In the face of extremely volatile global
macroeconomic environment, Punjab has posted growth of 18.8% in revenue receipts and 714.2% in
capital outlay as per 2019-20 (RE).

Total revenue receipts in 2020-21(BE) is estimated to be Rs. 88,004.31 crores posting a growth of
19.0% relative to 2019-20 (RE). On the other hand, State’s revenue expenditure is estimated to
increase by 10.52% in 2020-21 (BE) reaching Rs. 95,716.04 crores. Revenue Deficit has been
targeted at Rs. 7711.74 crores (1.20% of GSDP). Whereas capital outlay is expected to decrease in
2020-21 BE (47.7% of 2019-20 (RE)) while the fiscal deficit is Rs. 18,827.73 crores (2.92% of
GSDP) in 2020-21 (BE).
160 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Table 56: Summary of key budget heads (in Rs. crore)

Items 2018-19 2019-20 (RE) 2020-21 (BE)

1. Revenue Receipts (2+5) 62,269.08 73,975.08 88,004.31
2. Tax Revenue (3+4) 43,579.42 44,084.96 49,845.61
3. State's Own Tax Revenue 31,574.28 33,739.18 35,824.45
4. Share in Central Taxes 12,005.14 10,345.78 14,021.16
5. Non-Tax Revenue (6+7) 18,689.66 29,890.12 38,158.70
6. State's Own Non-Tax Revenue 7,582.29 7,961.66 8,045.99
7. Grants from Centre 11,107.37 21,928.46 30,112.71
8. Revenue Expenditure 75,403.71 86,602.09 95,716.04
9. of which, Interest Payments 16,305.89 17,625.09 19,075.09
10. Capital Outlay 2,412.23 19,641.30 10,279.58
11. Net Lending (12-13) (-)512.39 15,242.89 (-)836.42
12. Loans & Advances by State
1,361.05 820.87 881.82
Government
13. Recovery of Loans & Advances 846.66 16,063.76 45.40
14. Miscellaneous Capital Receipts 0.02 0 0
13,134.62 12,627.01 7,711.74
15. Revenue Deficit (8-1)*
[2.52%] [2.20%] [1.20%]
16,059.23 17,025.42 18,827.73
16. Fiscal Deficit (10+11+15-14)*
[3.08%] [2.96%] [2.92%]
(-)246.66 (-)599.67 (-)247.36
17. Primary Deficit (16-9)*
[-0.05%] [-0.10%] [-0.04%]
Note:+ve values indicate deficit and –ve values indicate surplus;
*figures in bracket are as % to GSDP
Source: State Finances: A study of Budgets, RBI

7.2 Revenue receipts

Composition of Revenue Receipts
Tax revenue has higher share in revenue receipts as compared to that of Non-Tax Revenue
(Figure 100). Tax revenue collection in 2019-20(RE) was Rs. 44,084.96 crores while non-tax revenue
collection stood at Rs. 29,890.12 crores.
Own tax revenue, which includes taxes on income, property & capital transactions and
commodities & services, accounts for majority of State’s tax revenue. SGST and sales tax have
the largest contribution of 39.8% and 16.0% respectively towards Punjab’s own tax revenue in 2019-
20 (RE). In the pre-GST regime, sales tax had the largest contribution towards own tax revenue since
 Chapter 7 Public Finance 161

2011-12. However, SGST was the major contributor in 2018-19 (RE) and is estimated to remain the
same during 2019-20 (BE).
Grants from Centre contribute the bulk of non-tax revenue. Apart from this, general services provided
by the State and interest receipts are the primary sources of State’s own non-tax revenue with 66.7%
and 16.9% contribution respectively in 2019-20(RE).
State’s Own Revenue
State’s own revenue collection increased only by 6.49% in 2019-20 (RE) over the previous year.
State’s own revenue stood at Rs. 39,156.57 crores in 2018-19.It increased to Rs. 41,700.84 crores in
2019-20 (RE) and comprised of Rs. 33,739.18 crores of own tax and Rs. 7,961.66 crores of own non-
tax (Figure 100).

Figure 100: Composition of Revenue Receipts, 2019-20 (RE), (in Rs. Crores)

Revenue Receipts
Rs. 73,975.08 Cr.

Tax Revenue Non-Tax Revenue

Rs. 4,40,84.96 Cr. (59.6%) Rs. 29,890.12 Cr. (40.4%)

State's Own Tax Share in Central Taxes State's Own Non-Tax Grants from Centre
Revenue Rs. 10,345.78Cr. Revenue
Rs.21,928.46Cr.
(23.5%) Rs.7,961.66Cr.
Rs. 33,739.18Cr. (73.36%)
(26.64%)
(76.5%)

State’s Own Tax Revenue

Sales tax, state excise, taxes on vehicles, taxes & duties on electricity and SGST, together
accounted for 92.2% of Punjab’s own tax collection in 2019-20 (RE) while the rest came from
taxes on income and taxes on property & capital transactions. As mentioned previously, SGST
and sales tax, in order, are the highest contributors towards Punjab’s own tax revenue. The overall
growth rate of State’s own tax revenue stood at 6.0% in 2019-20 (RE).
162 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue
Revenue from general services accounted for 66.7% of
State’s own non-tax revenue in 2019-20 (RE). Punjab’s
own non-tax revenue stood at Rs. 7,961.66 crores in Punjab has the highest State’s
2019-20 (RE), having grown at a CAGR of 17.14% since own non-tax revenue to GSDP
2012-13. Of this, Rs. 5,310.95 crores came from general ratio in 2019-20 (RE) among
services while interest receipts contributed Rs. 1,342.94 select states
crores.
Punjab has the highest own non –tax revenue to GSDP
ratio in 2019-20(RE) among select states. Although Punjab had a relatively lower own non tax
revenue to GSDP ratio of 1.0% in 2013-14, this ratio is estimated to increase to 1.4% in 2019-20(RE)
, which is the highest among select states.
Central Transfers
Central Transfers is composed of share in central taxes and grants from centre. With routing of funds
for central schemes through state budgets and increased devolution in the 14thFC period, the share of
central transfers has witnessed a growth. Punjab’s share of central transfers in revenue receipts has
increased from 22.9% also in 2011-12 to 43.6% in 2019-20 (RE). Rise in transfers enabled the State
to spend on developmental needs of its citizenry.
CGST, corporation tax and income tax are the leading contributors towards Punjab’s share in
central taxes. These three taxes together contributed 90.8% of Punjab’s share in central taxes in
2019-20 (RE). Corporation tax had the highest contribution of 34.1%.While it is expected to grow at
22.3% in 2020-21(BE). Total grants stood at Rs. 21,928.46 crores in 2019-20 (RE). Grants from
Centre accounted for 73.0% of State’s non-tax revenue in 2019-20 (RE) .

Figure 101: Central transfers as percentage of Revenue Receipts

35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%

Share in Central Taxes/Revenue Receipts Grants/Revenue Receipts

Source: State Finances: A study of Budgets, RBI

 Chapter 7 Public Finance 163

Box 14: Central Transfers to Punjab

Punjab’s share in horizontal distribution of central taxes had declined from 2.45% in fifth finance
commission to 1.15% in XI FC. This has increased to 1.79% in XV FC. This could be due to reduced
weights attached to fiscal capacity distance (from 62.5% in 11th FC to 45% in 15th FC).
Figure 102: Punjab’s share in horizontal distribution of central taxes

2.45% 2.38%
2.18%
1.71% 1.72% 1.79%
1.53% 1.39% 1.58%
1.15% 1.30%

V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV

Various central finance commission

The 14th Finance Commission recognized the responsibility of states towards conservation of
environment and climate, which is consistent with sustainable economic development. The
Commission added forest cover as one of the devolution criteria. This is intended to compensate
States with high forest cover and thus provide ecological benefits for all States but the cost (in terms
of lack of economic activity in that area) are only borne by the state concerned. While this is an
encouraging development, forest cover does not capture all possible externalities such as wheat and
rice production. Punjab plays a vital role in ensuring food security for the entire nation. Punjab
contributed about 31% and 38% to total central pool of rice and wheat respectively in 2017-18. A
negligible portion of rice produced in the State is consumed locally. Production of rice and wheat over
the years has led to groundwater depletion in the State. Nearly 80% of the blocks are in overexploited
category in Punjab in 2017.These environmental costs are borne by the State only while benefits (rice
and wheat for consumption) are shared by all States.
The 15th Finance Commission introduced a new performance-based criterion – demographic
performance, by using a measure of the total fertility rate (TFR). With an emphasis on the need to
control population, the Commission awarded those states which have been able to achieve a lower
TFR and Punjab is one of them. As mentioned in Chapter 6, Punjab has managed to keep its
population growth in check and achieve a fertility rate which is lower than its replacement rate. The
share of Punjab’s population in India’s population declined from 2.49% in 1971 to 2.33% in 2011.
Almost 31.94% of Punjab’s population belongs to SC category. The development needs of the State,
therefore, are much higher and require substantial governmental support for inclusive growth.
Including SC population as a criterion would have helped states with higher population of these
marginalized groups with more fiscal resources to address their developmental needs. This is beyond
the per capita income distance criterion, which considers differences in ability to provide comparable
level of services.
Source: Various Central Finance Commission reports
164 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Trend in Revenue Receipts

Figure 103: Revenue Receipts as percentage
Punjab’s revenue receipts as percentage of GSDP of GSDP for Punjab (2011-12 to 2019-
witnessed a surge in 2019-20 (RE) over 2019-20 20(RE))
(Figure 103). Revenue receipts as percentage of
GSDP has moved between 9.8% to 11.9% during Upsurge in Revenue Receipts of
2011-12 to 2018-19, while that in 2019-20 (RE) Punjab as percentage of GSDP in
2019-20 (RE)
increased to 12.9%. 12.9%

Revenue receipts have more than doubled 11.9%

11.2% 11.3%
between 2011-12 and 2019-20 (RE). Revenue 10.8% 10.6% 11.0%
10.6%
receipts for 2019-20 (RE) stood at Rs.73,975.08 9.8%
crores with an average annual growth rate of
12.8% between 2013-14 and 2019-20 (RE). Of the
total revenue receipts in 2019-20 (RE), 56.4% will
be raised through own sources while the
remaining will be through central transfers. Source: State Finances: A study of Budgets, RBI

Figure 104 indicates that Punjab has one of the highest CAGR of revenue receipts among select
states between 2015-16 and 2019-20 (RE). During this period, the CAGR of Punjab’s revenue
receipts stood at 17.3%, only next to Telangana and Haryana.The primary contributor
Figure 104 : CAGR of Revenue Receipts for Punjab and select states, 2015-16 to 2019-20 (RE)

Punjab has one of the highest CAGR in Revenue Receipts between 2015-16 to
2019-20(RE)
21.4%
17.4% 17.3% 17.0%
14.3% 14.2% 13.0% 11.9%
5.2%

Source: State Finances: A study of Budgets, RBI

towards the high CAGR of Punjab’s revenue

receipts is non-tax revenue, which comprises of
State’s own non-tax revenue and grants from Punjab has one of the highest CAGR
Centre. Non-tax revenue grew at a CAGR of in revenue receipts between 2015-16
44.7% while tax revenue grew at a CAGR of 6.2% and 2019-20 (RE) among select
during 2015-16 to 2019-20 (RE). Within non-tax states
revenue, State’s own non-tax revenue and grants
from the Centre witnessed CAGR of 31.7% and
51.4% respectively during the same period.
 Chapter 7 Public Finance 165

SDG Indicator 17.1.1Total government revenue as percentage of GSDP, by

source
Table 57: Components of revenue receipts as percentage of GSDP, average for 2015-16 to 2019-20
(RE)

Total
Share in
SONTR/ Grants/ Revenue
States SOTR/ GSDP Central Taxes/
GSDP GSDP Receipts
GSDP
/ GSDP
Andhra
6.4% 3.4% 0.6% 2.8% 13.2%
Pradesh

Gujarat 6.0% 1.5% 1.1% 1.2% 9.8%

Haryana 6.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.1% 9.4%

Karnataka 6.5% 2.2% 0.5% 1.7% 10.8%

Kerala 7.0% 2.4% 1.6% 1.4% 12.5%

Maharashtra 7.2% 1.5% 0.7% 1.3% 10.7%

Punjab 6.3% 2.1% 1.2% 2.1% 11.7%

Tamil Nadu 6.6% 1.7% 0.8% 1.5% 10.5%

Telangana 7.4% 2.0% 1.4% 1.2% 12.0%

Source:State Finances: A study of Budgets, RBI

Note: SOTR: State’s Own Tax Revenue ,SONTR: State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue

From Table 57, it can be observed that revenue receipts as percentage of GSDP, average for 2015-16
to 2019-20 (RE), stood at 11.7% for Punjab, which is higher than that of states like Gujarat, Haryana,
Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
166 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Box 15: Impact of Goods and Services Tax on State’s finances

The implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) from 1st July 2017 subsumed a number of
indirect taxes earlier levied by Government of India and various state governments. The taxes
levied by Government of Punjab subsumed under GST include value added tax except VAT on
petroleum and liquor, central sales tax, purchase tax, luxury tax, entry tax, entertainment tax
(except levied by local bodies), advertisement tax, tax on lotteries, betting and gambling, state
cesses and surcharges related to supply of goods and services.
As per Goods and Services Tax (Compensation to States) Act, 2017, states have been assured on
protected revenue for the period of five years, i.e., till 30th June 2022. Protected revenue is
estimated for the period 2017-18 to 2022-23 assuming growth rate of 14% over actual collections
against subsumed indirect taxes in 2015-16. Difference between actual State GST and protected
revenue is compensated by the Government of India. The compensation to states is financed
through a GST Compensation Cess levied by Government of India deposited in a Fund which is
also managed by Government of India.
Given the economic slowdown, SGST collection has not grown at the expected rate. As per the
Mukherjee 2020, by the year 2022-23, if GST compensation is discontinued, Punjab would have
substantial gap in actual SGST and protected revenue. If Government of India discontinues
compensation to states, it will have significant impact on state finances. The paper reports that the
revenue gap for Punjab would be more than 40% of expected SGST revenue in 2022-23.
Government of Punjab has been taking required measures on tax administration to minimize the
impact. As on June 30, 2018, Punjab ranks No. 1 in GSTR-3B and GSTR-1 return filing with
88.18% and 80.70% return filing respectively (as per Memorandum to 15th FC). State
Government, in order to facilitate traders having limited computer knowledge in registration,
filing of returns and other online GST related tasks, has trained youth as "GST MITRA".
Therefore, it would be prudential to increase the compensation period than what was envisioned
originally.
Source: Mukherjee, S. (2020). Possible Impact of Withdrawal of GST Compensation Post GST Compensation Period on
Indian State Finances (No. 20/291)

7.3 State expenditure

Composition of State’s Expenditure
Revenue Expenditure
With a share of 80.9% in 2019-20 (RE), revenue expenditure dominates State’s total
expenditure (Figure 105). Revenue expenditure, which is composed of expenditure on social,
economic and general services as well as grants to local bodies, have more than doubled between
2013-14 and 2019-20 (RE). With an average annual growth rate of 18.0% between 2013-14 and 2019-
20 (RE), revenue expenditure stood at Rs. 86,602.09 crores in 2019-20 (RE). The share of revenue
expenditure in total expenditure is estimated to be 89.56 % in 2020-21 (BE).
Allocation of expenditure on social and economic services is well balanced. With a share of 47%
in total revenue expenditure, combined allocation towards social and economic services was Rs.
40,633.13 crores in 2019-20(RE). The growth rate of expenditure on social services in 2019-20 (RE)
was 39.4% over the previous year while that of expenditure on economic services was 56.8%.
 Chapter 7 Public Finance 167

Figure 105: Composition of Total Expenditure, 2019-20 (RE), (in Rs. Crores)

Total Expenditure

Rs. 1,07,064.26 Cr.

Revenue Expenditure Capital Outlay Loans and Advances by State

Rs. 86,602.09 Cr. (80.89%) Governments
Rs. 19,641.30 Cr. (18.35%)
Rs. 820.87 Cr. (0.77%)

Social Services Social Services

Rs. 1539.65 Cr.
Rs. 21,878.2 Cr. (25.3%)
(7.84%) Development
Rs.790.6 Cr. (96.31%)
Economic Services
Rs. 18,754.94 Cr. Economic Services
(21.7%) Rs.17,819.50 Cr.
(90.72%) Non-Development

General Services Rs. 30.3 Cr. (3.69%)

Rs. 39,449.0 Cr.
(47.92%)
General Services

Grants-in-Aid and Rs. 282.15 Cr.

Contributions (1.44%)
Rs. 6,519.95 Cr. (7.53%)

Source: State Finances: A study of Budget ,RBI

The rise in allocation towards economic services was driven by a spike in the allocation towards
crop husbandry, forestry and wildlife. Energy is another major area of expenditure for Punjab
within economic services. Agriculture & allied activities and energy together contributed 75.0%
towards economic services expenditure in 2019-20 (RE).
Education, sports, art & culture, medical & public health and social security & welfare are the
lead contributors towards social services revenue expenditure in 2019-20 (RE). With the primary
objective of channelising the skill and energy of the youth in a positive direction and to keep them
away from drug addiction, Punjab has laid special focus on the development of education, sports, art
& culture within the state. Also, given the high population of deprived classes within the State,
allocation towards welfare of SC,ST and other backward classes has also laid special focus.
Allocation for expenditure in social services in 2020-21 (BE) indicate that education, sports, art &
culture will continue to be the leading contributor.
Expenditure on general services accounted for 45.6% of revenue expenditure in 2019-20 (RE).
Interest payments, pensions and administrative services forms the bulk of general services expenditure
and had a share of 41.8% in revenue expenditure in 2019-20 (RE), much higher than that for select
states.
168 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Table 58: Composition of revenue expenditure by functions (figures are as % of total revenue
expenditure)

Expenditure 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018-19 2019-20

head 13 14 15 16 17 18 (A) (RE)

Social Services 28.4% 27.2% 29.5% 29.8% 28.3% 24.8% 24.3% 25.3%

Education
Sports Art and 16.8% 15.4% 16.0% 17.1% 15.9% 14.9% 13.4% 13.2%
Culture

Medical and
4.1% 4.1% 4.7% 4.8% 4.8% 4.1% 3.9% 3.8%
Public Health

Social Security
2.6% 2.4% 2.2% 2.0% 1.8% 1.6% 3.5% 3.7%
and Welfare

Economic
23.2% 23.1% 19.8% 19.5% 18.5% 17.9% 23.7% 21.7%
Services

Agriculture and
Allied 3.2% 3.4% 8.1% 12.4% 10.3% 12.0% 16.4% 13.6%
Activities

Irrigation and
2.7% 3.2% 2.6% 2.6% 2.3% 1.9% 1.6% 1.4%
Flood Control

Energy 12.8% 11.6% 5.4% 1.0% 3.0% 2.1% 2.9% 2.7%

Industry and
0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.9% 2.5%
Minerals

General
47.1% 48.5% 49.4% 49.4% 51.5% 55.2% 49.0% 45.6%
Services

Interest
17.3% 18.8% 19.2% 19.5% 21.1% 24.5% 21.6% 20.6%
Payments

Administrative
12.2% 12.4% 12.3% 11.8% 12.2% 11.4% 10.1% 9.4%
Services

Pensions 15.1% 15.1% 15.6% 15.6% 15.9% 16.3% 13.4% 11.8%

Grants 1.4% 1.3% 1.3% 1.4% 1.7% 2.1% 3.0% 7.5%

Source: State Finances: A study of Budgets, RBI

 Chapter 7 Public Finance 169

Capital outlay
Capital outlay witnessed high growth in 2019-20 (RE) Capital outlay of Punjab stood at Rs.
19641.30 crores in 2019-20 (RE) with a growth of 714.2% over 2018-19. This high growth rate is due
to an upsurge in the allocation of capital outlay on energy and urban development to cater to the needs
of the growing urban population in the state. Given the developmental mandate, the combined
allocation towards social and economic services is 98.6% (Figure 105) of total capital outlay.
Proportion of capital outlay in total expenditure increased from 3.04% in 2018-19 to 18.35% in 2019-
20 (RE).
Social services accounted for 7.84% of total capital outlay in 2019-20 (RE) (Table 59). Urban
development, education, sports, art & culture, water supply and sanitation are the areas with leading
allocation within social services. Their combined contribution stood at 81.65% in 2019-20 (RE).
Economic services accounted for 90.72% of total capital outlay in 2019-20 (RE). Energy is the area
with leading allocation within economic services that is estimated to be Rs. 15630 crores or 79.6% of
total capital outlay in 2019-20 (RE).
Table 59: Composition of capital outlay by functions (figures are as percentage of total capital
outlay)

Expenditure 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015-16 2016- 2017-18 2018-19 2019

head 13 14 15 17 -20
(RE)
Social 37.4% 42.3% 25.5% 27.1% 25.0% 39.0% 50.0% 7.8%
Education
Sports Art and 9.8% 16.2% 4.9% 7.9% 5.1% 3.0% 9.9% 1.6%
Culture
Water Supply
11.8% 9.3% 9.5% 10.8% 11.2% 23.0% 8.4% 1.9%
and Sanitation
Urban
8.7% 7.7% 8.2% 5.8% 4.6% 12.1% 25.8% 2.9%
Development
Economic 54.1% 47.8% 66.4% 64.6% 69.3% 53.4% 44.0% 90.7%
Rural
6.4% 5.9% 3.0% 2.9% 3.1% 2.9% 4.8% 1.3%
Development
Major and
Medium
26.5% 16.4% 21.1% 24.6% 29.1% 13.4% 12.4% 4.1%
Irrigation and
Flood Control
Transport 12.0% 17.4% 31.0% 29.1% 31.1% 28.7% 18.7% 4.0%
General
8.5% 9.9% 8.1% 8.3% 5.7% 7.6% 6.0% 1.4%
Services
Source: State Finances: A study of Budgets, RBI
170 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Trend in State’s Expenditure

Punjab’s total expenditure increased by Figure 106: Developmental Expenditure as percentage
35.2% in 2019-20 (RE). Punjab’s total of Total Expenditure
expenditure stood at Rs. 79,176.99
crores in 2018-19 and reached Rs. Rise in Developmental Expenditure
1,07,064.26 crores in 2019-20 (RE). as % of Total Expenditure
Estimates for 2020-21 (BE) show that 70.6%
State’s expenditure will increase at
56.5% 56.8%
35.2% over the previous year. 45.1%
50.2% 51.3%

Figure106 indicates a rise in allocation

towards developmental expenditure.
The percentage of developmental
expenditure in total expenditure
increased from 50.2% in 2018-19 to
51.3% in 2020-21(BE).
Thus, despite the fiscal stress, Punjab
has been able to lay focus on better
delivery of social and economic services Source: State Finances: A study of Budgets, RBI
with a prime focus on the development
of education, sports, art & culture and agriculture & allied activities.
Box 16: Impact of demographics on State’s finances

The share of Punjab’s population in India’s total population declined from 2.49% in 1971 to
2.33% in 2011. Punjab’s share is further expected to decline to 2.07% by 2041. Although this has
been an outcome of various family planning initiatives implemented by Govt. of Punjab, the
declining share in India’s population will have implications in terms of central transfers.
The 15th Finance Commission as well as the previous Finance Commissions have identified
population as one of the criteria for determining the share of states in horizontal devolution of
central taxes. Over and above the criterion of standalone population, other criteria like income
distance, demographic performance and tax effort are scaled by population. Therefore, if the
subsequent Finance Commissions also recommend the use of latest population data in determining
the inter se share of states, those states which have been able to control their population would be
at a disadvantage.
Moreover, as highlighted in Chapter 1, a demographic shift could be observed in Punjab with the
population moving towards older age groups. This would require the State to invest heavily in
social security measures which may put a strain on the State’s finances.
Source: Various Central Finance Commission reports

Key fiscal indicators

Punjab’s performance on deficit indicators over the past years has shown signs of stability
(Figure 107). It is estimated that the revenue deficit of Punjab will be restricted to 1.2% of GSDP in
2020-21 (BE) as compared to 2.2% in the previous year. Prudent debt management policies are being
implemented to achieve revenue surplus as the State achieved primary surplus in 2017-18.
 Chapter 7 Public Finance 171

Punjab’s fiscal deficit was 3.1% in 2018-19. The government has estimated to restrict the fiscal
deficit at 2.9% during the financial year 2020-21 (BE). Although the State is yet to achieve the
targets of deficit indicators as prescribed in the Punjab Fiscal Responsibility and Budget
Management (FRBM) Act 2003 (Amended 2006), it has made consistent efforts to improve the fiscal
situation, without abdicating its responsibilities towards welfare schemes and development works.
Figure 107: Key fiscal indicators of Punjab as percentage of GSDP

State's deficit indicators show signs of stability

3.5 3.1 3 2.9
3 2.7
2.5
2.5 2.2
2
2
1.5 1.2
1
0.5
0 0
0
-0.5 -0.1
Revenue Deficit Fiscal Deficit Primary
-0.6 Deficit
-1
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 (RE) 2020-21 (BE)

Source: State Finances: A Study Of Budgets, RBI

Note: +ve values indicate deficit and –ve values indicate surplus

Figure 108: Deficit indicators of Punjab vis-a-vis other states (as percentage of GSDP) in 2019-
20(RE)

Punjab's primary deficit is the least among select states in 2019-20(RE)

5.0 4.2
4.0
2.7 2.8 3.02.73.03.0 2.5
3.0 2.3 2.3
1.8 2.0 2.2
1.6 1.5
2.0 1.1 1.4 0.91.20.9
1.3
0.8
1.0 0.3
0.0 0.0
0.0
-1.0 -0.1Revenue Deficit Fiscal Deficit -0.1
Primary Deficit

Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Haryana Karnataka Kerala

Maharashtra Punjab Tamil Nadu Telangana

Source: State Finances: A Study Of Budgets, RBI

Note: +ve values indicate deficit and –ve values indicate surplus

Punjab’s primary deficit as percentage of GSDP is the least among select states in 2019-
20(RE). Figure 108 indicates a relatively higher revenue and fiscal deficit for Punjab as percentage
of GSDP vis-à-vis select states during 2019-20 (RE). However, Punjab has the lowest primary deficit
(as percentage of GSDP) among select states in 2019-20(RE). Not only it is lowest amongst these
states, it is also declining temporally. When the primary deficit comes down, it implies that gross
borrowing requirement of the State has come down so that along with the present generation, the
future generations also bear lesser debt burden. It brings intergenerational equity in the distribution
of public resources. It does not make the future generations to carry the burden of present generation.
172 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

7.4 Public debt and other liabilities

State Liabilities
Total Outstanding Liabilities
Total outstanding liabilities for Punjab stood at Rs. 249187.1 crores as on 31st March 2021. Figure
109 presents State’s total outstanding liabilities as percentage of GSDP from 2003 to 2021. A
consistently declining trend in outstanding liabilities to GSDP ratio could be observed between 2007
and 2015. There was, however, a sharp rise in the ratio to 42.8% in 2017. This was primarily due to
two reasons. Firstly, conversion of cash credit limit gap of Rs. 30,584.11 crores to a long-term loan.
As per State’s memorandum to 15th FC, this was followed by (a) denial of settlement by GoI, (b)
impending procurement season (c) accumulated gap between the outstanding Cash Credit Limit
(CCL) and value of stock of food grains, (d) RBI's direction to the funding banks to provide for the
mismatch and (e) rejection of the facility of CCL for the year 2016-17 by RBI and Ministry of
Finance.
Secondly, extra debt-burden of Rs. 15,628 crores was added by the conversion Punjab State Power
Corporation Limited’s debt into state debt under scheme UDAY41. This step was undertaken to bring
about an operational and financial turnaround of the DISCOM. Total outstanding liabilities declined
from 40.7% of GSDP in 2018 to 40.3 % of GSDP in 2019 and is further expected to decline at 38.7%
of GSDP in 2021(BE) owing to prudent debt management policies implemented by the State.
Figure 109: Punjab’s outstanding liabilities as percentage of GSDP (as on end March )(in %)

60

40
(in %)

20

0
2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2021(BE)
2020 (RE)

Source: State Finances: A Study Of Budgets, RBI

State Development Loans (SDLs) are projected to form 59% of Punjab’s outstanding liabilities
as on end March 2021. SDLs are market-oriented instruments for states to mobilise funds from the
open market. Their issuance is facilitated by RBI and the rate of interest is determined through
auction. Hence, a strong fiscal situation of a state would enable it to borrow loans from the market at
a lower interest rate. Figure 110 presents the composition of outstanding liabilities of Punjab vis-à-
vis select states as on end March 2021. It can be noted that SDLs, loans from banks and financial
institutions and provident fund are the leading contributors towards Punjab’s outstanding liabilities.

41
Ministry of Power, Government of India (https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=137344)
 Chapter 7 Public Finance 173

Loans under scheme UDAY also form a significant share of around 6% towards total outstanding
liabilities of the State.
Figure 110: Composition of outstanding liabilities of Punjab vis-a-vis select states (as at end March
2020

SDLs have the largest share of outstanding liabilities

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30% 59% 65%
20%
10%
0%
Punjab Comparable States

SDLs Loans from banks and FIs UDAY NSSF Provident Fund Others

Source: State Finances: A Study Of Budgets, RBI

Others include (a) Compensation and other bonds, (b) WMA from RBI (c) loans from Centre (d) Reserve Fund (e)
Deposits and Advances and (f) Contigency Fund

Composition of outstanding liabilities has undergone a change with Punjab moving towards
SDLs (open market borrowings) and loans from banks and financial institutions. As represented
in Figure 111, SDLs and NSSF (National Small Savings Fund) were the largest contributor to
outstanding liabilities as on end-March 2011, contributing 38.4% and 30.1% respectively. However,
as on end-March 2021, the share of SDLs increased to 59%. Moreover, with the recommendations of
14th Finance Commission of excluding most of the states and UTs from NSSF, the share of NSSF in
2021 has declined to 6%.
Figure 111: Change in debt composition of Punjab

Debt Composition has changed with more open market borrowings

and loans from banks and FIs
100% SDLs
10% 7%
10% Power
80% 15%
11% Bonds/UDAY
6% 6% NSSF
60% 6%
30% Loans from banks
and FIs
40% 0% Provident Fund
59%
20% 38% Others

0%
as on March 2011 as on March 2021

Source: State Finances: A Study Of Budgets, RBI

Others include (a) Compensation and other bonds, (b) WMA from RBI (c) loans from Centre (d) Reserve Fund (e)
Deposits and Advances and (f) Contigency Fund
174 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

7.5 Public financial management reform initiatives

Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS): IFMS is a State-run financial management
system to facilitate sound public financial management for Government of Punjab by establishing an
efficient fund flow system as well as a payment-cum-accounting network.
Integration with E-Kuber: E-Kuber is a Core Banking Solution (CBS) for processing of payments
and receipts. In e-payment model of E-Kuber, payments are directly processed by RBI, thereby,
eliminating the role of Agency Banks and their resulting delays. In e-receipt model of E-Kuber,
reporting of Government receipts for various services is made by banks to RBI and a consolidated
receipt reporting is made by RBI to the State.
Cyber Treasury Portal: The State has developed a Cyber Treasury Portal (CTP) to facilitate online
transactions between citizens & the government for various government services. It is a secured portal
available 24x7, via which citizens can pay government tax/fee challan etc. online anytime, anywhere.
The portal has been integrated with Payment Gateway of NSDL (PayGov), thereby, providing citizens
a facility of payment through approximately 65 banks via internet banking. It has also been integrated
with SBI's payment gateway named
Multiple Option Payment System (MOPS) providing the facility of payment to citizens through debit
card, credit card and internet banking.
The State has also decided to integrate the CTP with E-Kuber system of RBI, as integration with E-
Kuber will streamline the reporting of Government receipts by agency banks. The portal has been
operational w.e.f. October 31, 2018.
Public Financial Management System (PFMS): PFMS is the portal developed by Government of
India to monitor the disbursal of funds up to the last beneficiary for Centrally Sponsored Schemes
(CSS). The State of Punjab has integrated its IFMS with PFMS, for seamless data flow from the State
treasury to Government of India in respect of spending of funds under CSS. The State has already
mapped 33 out of 38 Centrally Sponsored Schemes for the year 2018-19 in IFMS.
Human Resource Management System (HRMS): The Government of Punjab has adopted the
“Manav Sampada”, a software developed by NIC for computerization of service records of
government employees. The software has been implemented in all the administrative departments of
the State, whereby the salary bills of all employees and also their e-service books have been generated
on the system.
Pensioners’ Database & Mobile App: The State has also created a single electronic database of its
pensioners in IFMS. The Government with the availability of pensioners database can correctly
estimate its pension burden, expected outcome of policy interventions apart from auto-check of
individual pensions.
Vehicle Management System (VMS): VMS is a web-based application for creating a single database
of all vehicles owned by the Government in its various departments. It ensures optimal utilization of
vehicles especially during the times of disaster, correctly estimating the POL (Petroleum, Oil and
Lubricants) and maintenance expenditures and, thereby, helping in proper budgeting. The system has
been successfully implemented w.e.f. March 01, 2018.
E-State: E-State is a web-based application for creating a single database of properties
(land/buildings) owned by the Government in its various departments. This makes a ready database of
infrastructure available with the Government and assisting the Government in making better policy
decisions for optimal utilization of the infrastructure.
 Chapter 8 Governance

Governance refers to the government’s ability to provide public services and enforce the rule
of law. Good governance ensures equity and justice, transparency, accountability,
responsiveness and broad public participation. With the adoption of varied measures in the
interest of better governance, Punjab is amongst the top ranking states in India on Sustainable
Development Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions as per NITI Aayog’s SDG Index
2019-20. Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) project to track police
complaints, enactment of a new Lokpal legislation to give power to Lokpal to initiate action on
complaints against the Chief Minister, the Ministers and the bureaucracy at all levels,
establishment of Governance Ethics and Reforms Commission, enactment of Punjab
Transparency and Accountability in Delivery of Public Services Act and Punjab Transparency
in Public Procurement Act 2019 to enhance transparency are some of the steps towards good
governance. The State has also leveraged Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
and introduced various e-governance initiatives with an objective of bringing a paradigm shift
in public service delivery & Government functioning. Further, with an objective of
empowering the local bodies, the State Government has devolved all 18 functions to Urban
Local Bodies (ULBs) and 13 functions to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) as per the
Constitution of India.

8.1 Introduction
Governance plays the key role in achieving the desired outcomes from the given resource. Punjab
Government is committed to strengthen Good governance which ensures equity and justice,
transparency, accountability, responsiveness and broad public participation. This chapter discusses the
various elements of governance in the context of Punjab. These elements include:
• Law and order
• Combating corruption
• E-governance
• Transparency
• Empowering local bodies.
The chapter also throws light on various initiatives undertaken by the State government to ensure
robust governance structures and processes.
With a score of 83 on Sustainable Development Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions,
on NITI Aayog’s SDG Index 2019-20, Punjab is amongst the top-ranking states on this goal. The
score at national level is 72.The impact of Punjab government’s initiatives in the field of governance
is evident by the 6th rank of the State on this goal. The State has one of the lowest number of victims
of human trafficking per 1 lac population (by sex age and form of exploitation) and proportion of
population subjected to physical psychological or sexual violence, amongst the 29 states.
176 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Box 17: Does better governance lead to better development outcomes?

Governance is defined as the ‘traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is

exercised’ (Kaufmann et al, 1999). This may include the political process that determines how the
government is formed (democracy versus one party rule, for example), effectiveness in policy
making and administration, and quality of institutions such as the legislature, the judiciary,
bureaucracy, media etc. Increasingly in the literature, governance and institutions have come to be
seen as having a critical role in growth and development.
For instance, Kaufmann et al (1999) conclude that improved governance positively impacts
developmental outcomes. For this, they build a database of ‘governance’ indicators capturing
information across six clusters: “Voice and accountability” and “Political instability and violence”,
together reflecting the fairness or ease with which the government changes; “Government
effectiveness” and “Regulatory burden” capturing the efficacy in government policy making; and
“Rule of law” and “Graft” capturing state and citizen trust in institutions. The data within each
indicator is based on polls of experts or national surveys of citizens. They then find positive
correlations between each of these clusters of governance indicators and development outcomes
such as per capita incomes, infant mortality, and adult literacy.
Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson (2001; 2002) use a more nuanced instrument to find that in
erstwhile European colonies, differences in per capita income of countries could be explained by
differences in average mortality rates and density of population at the time of colonization. The
latter are used as proxies for the nature of institutions that developed and persisted there. This is
because the nature of institutions in the colonies differed based on whether the colonists themselves
settled there in large numbers (US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) or did not – Africa, Central
America, the Caribbean and South Asia. In the latter, they tended to develop “extractive” states
where property rights were guaranteed only for a few elites and there was unchecked, authoritarian
government. In contrast, in areas where they settled themselves, property rights were guaranteed for
a broader section of society. High mortality rates and high population densities in the colony at the
time of colonisation were indicative of “bad governance”.
Of course, this is not a settled debate. Economists point to examples of high growth being
concomitant with bad governance. Japan’s rapid economic growth while practicing crony
capitalism in the post World War II period, or New York City’s growth while the city government
was seen as a cesspool of corruption in the 19th century are cases in point.
Sources:
Acemoglu, D; J. Robinson, (2008). The Role of Institutions in Growth and Development. Commission on Growth and
Development Working Paper no. 10.
Kaufmann, D; A, Kraay; P Zoido Lobaton. (1999). Governance Matters. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper
2196.
Weil, D. (2012). Economic Growth International Edition. London: Routledge.

8.2 Law and order

Punjab has one of the highest police strength in country maintaining law and order which is an
important element of good governance. Public order ensures a peaceful and harmonious state of
society with the rule of law ensuring equality, fairness and non-arbitrariness within the state.
Moreover, violence and disorder undermine economic growth and development leading into a vicious
cycle of under-development.
 Chapter 8 Governance 177

Maintaining public order and preserving the rule of law

are indispensable functions of the State with the Police Punjab has one of the highest
force and the judiciary system acting as principal police strength in India. In
Punjab, there are 275
enforcement agencies. As on 2020, there were 422 police
policemen per lac population
stations spread across the state. Punjab has 275 which is nearly double than
Policemen per lac population which is nearly double than All-India average of 134 per
the National level average. lakh population.
Punjab Police rolled out the Crime and Criminal
Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) project to
strengthen its capabilities and meet the contemporary law and order challenges. The objective of this
project is to build a nationwide database of crime and criminal records and connect all police stations
and their supervisory offices across the country for information sharing while automating day-to-day
functions at police stations. Any police officer at any police station can access this database for
detailed investigation of a case and arrive at the desired outcome.
The State Government is trying to modernise Police Station in the state especially in IT sector by
strengthening hardware & software in the department. All 422 police stations and 187 higher offices
have been equipped with computer hardware and are connected with the State Data Centre through
internet. Approx. 9 Lakh FIRs are digitally available at State Data Centre (SDC) as on 04-05-2020.
Every month approx. one lakh FIRs are being downloaded by the citizens.
Box 18: Geographic Information System (GIS) for effective planning

In Punjab, GIS Cell in Economic & Statistical Organisation (ESO), Department of Planning was
created on 20 May 2013 for effective application of GIS for spatial planning. The GIS Cell in ESO
and Punjab Remote Sensing Centre (PRSC), Ludhiana jointly prepared a Short-Term Action Plan
for Punjab GIS after discussions and meetings with various departments of Government of Punjab.
This Plan includes the preparation of GIS database on various themes like animal husbandry,
census, education, health, SUWIDHA, MPLAD, MGNREGA, water resources and tourism for the
whole State. The Plan also includes pilot studies for cadastral mapping, municipal GIS, soil
quality, carbon accounting, canal GIS, etc. Two Geographic information System (GIS) portals
viz. Punjab GIS and Village GIS were prepared and launched on 10 November, 2020. The Village
GIS portal https;//vdpunjab.ncog.gov.in/login has more than 250 indicators of village Directory
which is helpful for comprehensive planning and development of the villages at the grass root
level. The Punjab GIS portal https;//punjab.ncog.gov.in/admin/gisModule includes key
departments of the state government like Animal Husbandry, Canal, Census, Education, Health,
Sewa Kendra, MPLAD, Tourism and Water Resources besides others.

While 13-year-old data(FIRs and General Diaries) from 2005 to 2017 have already been digitized
as part of this project, all future data will be uploaded live from now onward42. Punjab Police has
been awarded by MHA/GoI for best practices for generating SCRB Crime report out of CCTNS and
development of eco-friendly Criminal intelligence Gazette leading to saving of 55000 papers per
month and better utilization of criminal data for prevention and detection of crime in the year 2018.
Punjab has also been a leader in the implementation of Interoperable Criminal Justice System (ICJS).
ICJS aims to integrate the CCTNS project with the e-courts and e-prisons databases in the first
instance and with the other pillars of the criminal justice system - forensics, prosecution, juvenile

42
http://punjab.gov.in/key-initiative?view=show&pp_id=27187 as viewed on 30 January 2020
178 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
homes and a nationwide fingerprint data base of criminals in a phased manner. The integration will be
achieved by providing access to the judiciary, police and prisons through a desktop dashboard and
will facilitate investigations, robust search facility for retrieving criminal data. National Crime &
Criminal Data Search across all pillars has also been made available to all police stations under ICJS
project.
Community policing is one of the most important
achievement of Punjab. It is the first state in India to
launch a project on community policing –“SAANJH”.
Punjab Police believes in the philosophy of
community policing and has integrated community
with the working of police by launching Saanjh.
Saanjh project is an institutionalised set up of 27
Community Police Resource Centres (District Saanjh
Kendras), 114 Community Policing Suvidha Centres
(Subdivision Saanjh Kendras) and 363 Police Stations
Outreach Centres (Police Station Saanjh Kendras) in
the State. Every Saanjh Kendra is run by a police-public committee comprising of police officers, ex-
officio members representing government departments such as health, education, women and child
welfare etc. and representatives from amongst principals of colleges, professionals and NGOs. These
Saanjh Kendras are responsible for providing 20 civil services of Punjab Police to the citizens, which
are time bound under Right To Service Act, 201143. Citizens from any part of the state may approach
the nearest Saanjh Kendra for availing services from any police station in the State including remote
locations. The Saanjh portal also enables citizens to download FIRs, track status of their complaints
and search for information on missing/kidnapped persons, stolen or lost items, arrested/wanted
persons, etc. Office of Chief Minister of Punjab regularly monitors the citizen services pendency of
public services from Saanjh Kendras and the pendency has been reduced thus ensuring time bound
delivery of citizen services to the residents of Punjab.
ePrisons project is also another important achievement where Punjab has been a leading State in the
country in terms of implementation of this project in all the jails of the State. The scope of this
project is to computerize and integrate all the activities related to prison and prisoner management in
the prison. This application suite provides vital information about the inmates in the prisons in real
time environment to the prison officials and other entities, involved in criminal justice system. It
facilitates online visit request and grievance redressal as well.
ePrisons application suite, developed by NIC, is a cloud based product designed with easy-to-use
Graphical User Interface (GUI) and embedded with a comprehensive security features. Currently,
Custody Certificate Module is being implemented in the jails of the State as per the orders of Hon’ble
High Court.

8.3 Combating corruption

Combating corruption is at the heart of United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. Corruption
adversely impacts the economy as it interferes with the rule of law, impeding private enterprise, and
wastes taxpayer’s money. In addition, corruption undermines policies and programs that aim to reduce
poverty. The Vigilance Bureau is the main investigating wing of the Vigilance Department,
Government of Punjab which controls anti-corruption measures and probity in public life. The
Vigilance Bureau has taken various preventive as well as punitive measures to curb corruption which

43
http://www.punjabpolice.gov.in/rtsData.aspx as assessed on 30 January 2020
 Chapter 8 Governance 179

includes registration of criminal misconduct cases, enquiries, investigation, raids, confiscation of

property, prosecution of criminals, arrests, etc.
The details of cases registered with the
Vigilance Bureau in 2020 (up to 31 December A new Lokpal legislation replacing Punjab
2020) are as follows44: Lokpal Act, 1996 to be enacted which
would give power to Lokpal to initiate
1. Vigilance enquiries: 9 vigilance enquiries action on complaints against the Chief
were registered against Gazetted officers, Minister, the Ministers and the
25 against Non-Gazetted officers and 5 bureaucracy at all levels (and not be a
against private persons for their alleged recommendatory body).
involvement in various acts of corruption.
2. A total of 300 cases were registered with
the Vigilance department, out of which 36 were against Gazetted Officers, 154 against Non-
Gazetted Officers and 110 against private persons. In contrast, 225 cases were registered in 2019.
3. Trap cases: 106 trap cases have been instituted, out of which 7 were against Gazetted Officers,
85 against Non-Gazetted Officers and 14 against private persons.
4. Registration of criminal misconduct cases: 192 criminal misconduct cases have been registered
in 2020 against 27 Gazetted Officers, 67 Non-Gazetted Officers and 98 private persons. The
number of such cases registered in 2019 were 57.
5. Disproportionate asset cases: 4 cases have been registered, 2 against Gazetted officers and 2
against Non-Gazetted officers, where an individual's net economic assets significantly exceeded
the assets he or she should possess after accounting for all sources of legal income.
6. Conviction Rate: The conviction rate in
2020 has been 18% as against 35% in 2019. Punjab Governance Ethics and Reforms
During 2020 only 6 cases has been Commission has been setup to examine,
registered against Non-Gazetted officers and give its recommendations on all
whereas 42 cases resulted in conviction, out proposals received from
of which 5 were against Gazetted officers, departments/boards/corporations projects
31 against Non-Gazetted officers and 6 worth more than Rs. 50 crore.
against private persons in 2019.

Within the first month of 2021 (up to 31 January), 20 cases have been registered of which 13 are Trap
cases while 7 are for charges against criminal misconduct.

44
http://vigilancebureau.punjab.gov.in/crime_statistics.php, as accessed on 22 January 2020
180 Punjab Economic Survey 2020
2020-21
Figure 112: Online Complaint portal of Vigilance Bureau

In order to ease the procedure of lodging ccomplaints

omplaints against instances of corruption by public
servants, the Vigilance Bureau has introduced an online complaint portal portal.. Citizens can fill the
complaint form online and seek services from the Vigilance Department without revealing their
identity publicly.
cly. The portal also enables them to track the status of their complaints
complaints.

8.4 E-governance
Punjab is committed towards upgrading the government machinery with the adoption of ICT, with the
aim to enhance collaboration between the Government and the governed.
governed. State Government is taking
various intiatives to strenghthen E E-governance which implies integrationation of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) in the day day-to-day functioning of the Government. It allows easier
interaction between the government and and various stakeholders (citizens, business entities, government
departments and agencies, employees) and facilitates the government in improving its service delivery
level. It also increases public participation, tackling corruption and improves transparency.
transparency.
The Department of Governance Reforms is the nodal agency of Government of Punjab for executing
various e-governance
governance initiatives within the State. The Department of Governance Reforms with the
help of its implementing agencies - Punjab State e-Governance ce Society (PSeGS), District e-
e
governance Society (DeGS) and State e-governance
e governance Mission Team (SeMT), is responsible for
carrying out various e-governance
governance projects in different departments of the Government.
Punjab has emerged as one of the leading state in the country to implement e-Governance
Governance initiatives
in every sphere of governance. With the objective of bringing a paradigm shift in public service
delivery and Government functioning
functioning, various e-governance
governance projects have been implemented. A list
of various e-governance
governance projects implemented by the Government of Punjab are presented in Table
60.
 Chapter 8 Governance 181

Table 60: List of e-governance initiatives by Government of Punjab

Area of Initiative Initiative Objective and Impact

• To integrate all channels of public service

delivery in order to avoid confusion among
citizens as to which service can be availed
from which department
• To bring uniformity across the state in service
Public Service Unification of Sewa delivery mechanism
Delivery Kendras • 327 public services of various departments
available under single window to citizens (516
Sewa Kendras)
• Estimated 55,000 citizens visiting Sewa
Kendras for public services

• To make citizen services available online for

convenience of citizens
• Computerisation of high-volume citizen
services
Online Services
• Availability of citizen services on Mobile
Delivery/ Mobile E-Sewa /M-Sewa
Application (M-Sewa)
Governance
• 21 services are being provided through Mobile
with target to provide 100 services through M-
Governance in next one year.

• To improve efficiency, consistency and

effectiveness of government responses. It will
help in improving the government functioning
and faster disposal of files as the entire
movement of such files will be happening
through electronic movement and the tracking
of files would become easier. It will also save
substantially on account of paper and its
preservation.
Reforms within
e-Office • To provide for effective resource management
government
Implementation to improve the quality of administration
departments
• After Successful implementation of e-Office in
few departments/corporations, it is being rolled
out in all the departments of the State in a
progressive manner with a target from existing
40,000 users to 1,00,000 users of various
departments/corporations/boards etc.
• All branches in Punjab Civil Secretariat -1 and
2 have started using e-office for electronic
movements of files and DAKs.
182 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21

Area of Initiative Initiative Objective and Impact

• Basic infrastructure has been put in place for

providing e-office facilities/services to
departments.

• Punjab Wide Area Network (PAWAN) to

connect all Government offices has been
established till block level in the State.
• State of the art Punjab State Data Center
(SDC) has been established and collocated
with PAWAN.
• Cloud based services are being facilitated by
Department of Governance Reforms and
State Data Center vendor empanelment has been notified. Many
Establishment of departments have started using cloud-based
Core IT Infrastructure Punjab Wide Area services through vendors empanelled by
Network DoGRPG.
• Fully operational online platform for industries
and workers operating in the state to avail
multiple services offered by the Labour
Department under various labour laws with
complete ease.
• Online portal for construction workers
registration

• Fully operational Business First (Invest Punjab)

portal, State has introduced a new digital
interface i.e. the Invest facilitation and
e-Labour portal transport governance. This is an initiative to
Facilitation to
enhance Ease of Doing Services (EoDS) in the
Businesses State and to offer a variety of regulatory
Invest Punjab
clearances & fiscal incentives on a single
digital interactive platform.

• Digitized the process of salary disbursement of

government employees and contractual
employees through HRMS Portal developed by
NIC. Almost all departments are on-boarded on
Reform within Human Resource
this portal for automation of employee records
government Management
and their service book.
departments System (HRMS) • Critical modules like salary, leave, property
returns have already been developed under
HRMS.

Reform within Vehicle • Started gathering the information about state

government vehicles along with fuel and
government Management
maintenance expenses to plug duplicate bills
 Chapter 8 Governance 183

Area of Initiative Initiative Objective and Impact

departments System(VMS) and to ensure proper utilization of funds.

Integrated • To provide a multilingual and automated

Workflow solution for document management and
Document workflow management
Management • To reduce paperwork and ensure better
Reform within System (IWDMS) monitoring and transparency in government
government functioning
departments and • From April 2020, IFMS system developed by
NIC is implemented for budgeting and
Integrated Financial financial management.
Management
System (IFMS)
• To digitise the process of entering and storing
land records.
• 100% digitization of land records of rural
villages of Punjab has been accomplished.
• NGDRS system, an end-to-end workflow
Digitisation Land Records
enabled configurable document, including
Property Registration System which can be
used by registration agencies has been
implemented in the State.

• The municipal services are being delivered to

citizens through a platform where information
Reform at local related to municipal administration is being
Local Government
government level made available for effective decision-making
and planning.

Source: Department of Governance Reforms & Public Grievances

184 Punjab Economic Survey 2020
2020-21
Box 19: Unified data platform for data dissemination

In light of the vision and direction of Hon’ble Chief Minister of Punjab, an Open Government
Data Platform (punjab.data.gov.in
punjab.data.gov.in)) is being developed by Economic and Statistical
Organisation, Punjab through Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology (MeitY),
Govt. of India and its NIC state level unit of Punjab. It is being developed as per National Data
Sharing and Accessibility Policy, 2012 of Govt. of India. The data portal will faci
facilitate
litate various
stakeholders to have easy access to data of all the government departments. Initially, data of
‘Statistical Abstract of Punjab’, which is one of the most important and voluminous document
containing key datasets has been uploaded on this por portal
tal on time series basis for every year
since reorganization of the State. Some sectors for which data will be uploaded are agriculture,
water and sanitation, education, finance, governance and administration, housing, health and
family welfare, labour and employment, transport, travel and tourism, etc. In the subsequent
phases, efforts will also be made to disseminate the most important datasets of line departments
on this unified data portal. In this regard, the Economic & Statistical Organisation (ESO) will w
act as the nodal department and will provide technical assistance to all the line departments to
prepare their datasets
sets in standardized format. Most of the data have been uploaded and available
on public domain.

Disposal of grievances in the State

PGRS:: Public Grievance Redressal System was launched in August 2020 to accept grievances from
aggrieved citizens. Citizens can lodge their grievances against all Government offices. This portal is
up and running 24x7 and citizens can also submit reminder/clari
reminder/clarification
fication on their grievances along
with tracking the status of action taken upon them. Very minimal steps have been made in this
portal for faster redressal of grievances.
Figure 113: Public Grievances Portal of Government of Punjab
Punja
 Chapter 8 Governance 185

E-governance activities in Department of Housing and Urban Development

With a focus on e-governance the following activities were undertaken during the financial year
2019-20
1. Digitization of master plan maps to enable people to get e-approval of CLUs
2. Launch of a unique mobile App to check unauthorized constructions.
3. Launch of PUDA 360, an e-properties module to facilitate online property transactions, thus
bringing greater efficiency and transparency in the functioning of Punjab Urban Planning &
Development Authority (PUDA).
4. Launch of a new web portal of the Housing Department for issuance of electronic Change of
Land Use
Figure 114: Website of PUDA 360 - an e-online portal for property transactions

8.5 Transparency
Government of Punjab is focused on bringing about
greater transparency and efficiency in its day-to-day Enacted two new acts:
functioning. With an aim to prevent corruption and • Punjab Transparency and
increase transparency in the delivery of public services, Accountability in Delivery of
Government of Punjab enacted ‘The Punjab Public Services (including
Transparency & Accountability in Delivery of Public electronic service delivery) Act.
Service Act’ in 2018. This Act enabled backend
computerization of public services, mandatory online • Punjab Transparency in Public
receipt of service requests and delivery of services in a Procurement Act 2019.
stipulated time frame. The prime objective under this
Act is to provide public services in an electronic manner, as far as possible with a facility of tracking
an application request by the citizens. The government also drafted ‘The Punjab Transparency in
186 Punjab Economic Survey 2020-21
Public Procurement Act, 2019’ to ensure transparency during the bidding process for government
tenders. This would foster an environment of healthy competition and put in place a mechanism to
prevent corrupt practices.
E-procurement initiative has been introduced to simplify government procurement and make
the process more transparent. It is an integrated system which cover all aspects of procurement -
indent of tender, tender preparation, bidding, bid evaluation and award of contract. The portal of e-
procurement displays detailed information on all tenders floated by various departments of the
Government. Government e-Procurement System of NIC (GePNIC) has been fully implemented in all
the departments of the State for procurement purposes. Punjab has also been using the Government e-
Marketplace (GeM), which is a government-run e-commerce portal. It is a one-stop portal to facilitate
and enable easy online procurement of the consumer goods and services that are needed by various
government departments and PSUs.
Transparency in litigation management. Website of High Court of Punjab is an open platform
which makes information on litigation easily available to citizens. Litigation data is updated on a
regular basis. Litigants can view daily cause list (schedule of cases) and know about the status and
judgement of a case by providing some basic details related to the case. A display board further
presents real-time case proceeding information. Citizens can also enter their grievance/feedback and
track its status on the ‘Citizen Corner’ portal of the website.
Government process reforms – Before induction of ICT tools, it is ensured that existing
procedures/processes proformas etc. are simplified and timelines are cut down for required approvals
and service delivery.

8.6 Empowering local bodies

Strengthening of local government and their collaboration with the State as well as the National
Government is imperative for efficient delivery of public services. Local bodies can be empowered by
greater decentralization and devolution of the 3Fs – funds, functions and functionaries which makes
them self-reliable financially, politically and administratively.
The State Government has devolved all 18 functions to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and 13 functions
to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) as per the Constitution of India. The 11 th and 12th schedule of the
Constitution of India lists out 29 and 18 functions respectively to be devolved to PRIs and ULBs. The
list of various functions as devolved to the local bodies have been summarised below:
Table 61: Status of devolution of functions to local bodies

Local Body List of Functions

1) Animal Husbandry, Dairying &
Poultry 8) Health & Sanitation
2) Rural Housing 9) Family Health
3) Drinking Water 10) Women and Child Development
Panchayati Raj
4) Education including Primary & 11) Social Welfare
Institutions
Secondary Schools 12) Welfare of the Weaker sections
5) Libraries 13) Maintenance for the
6) Cultural Activities Community System
7) Markets and Fairs
1) Urban planning including town 10) Slum improvement
Urban Local Bodies planning 11) Urban poverty alleviation
2) Regulation of land use and 12) Provision of urban amenities
 Chapter 8 Governance 187

Local Body List of Functions

construction of buildings and facilities
3) Planning for economic and social 13) Promotion of cultural,
development educational and aesthetic aspects
4) Roads and bridges 14)Burials and burial grounds;
5) Water supply cremations, cremation grounds and
6) Public health, sanitation, electric crematoriums
conservancy and solid waste 15) Cattle ponds
management 16) Registration of births and
7) Fire service deaths
8) Urban forestry 17) Public amenities
9) Safeguarding the interests of weaker 18) Slaughterhouses and tanneries
sections of society
Source: Memorandum to 15th Finance Commission, Government of Punjab

The following steps have been undertaken to further Reservation of women in urban
strengthen the e-governance initiatives at local bodies has been raised
from 33 % to 50%.
municipality level:
• Official Websites for all 167 ULBs have been
created for providing information about
government services.
• Facility of online application for new water and sewer connection along with online Billing and
collection.
• Online collection of Property Tax to facilitate citizens to pay from anywhere and anytime and
improving transparency and accountability in the functioning of the ULBs.
• Online Application for Fire NOC & Trade License under ease of doing business.
• Mobile Application for citizens and employees for handling Public Grievances.
• Double Entry Accounting system has been rolled out in pilot towns to increase transparency and
accountability.
 ;wZroh gzBKBzH

nfXnkfJ 1 ft;fsqsnkofEe ;whfynk 189

1H1 nkofEeftek; 189

1H2 y/sohekor[iakoh 190
1H3 nkofEeftek; ns/ ftneshrsGbkJh 197
1H4 wfjzrkJh 198
1H5 iB;zfynk ns/ o[irko 203

nfXnkfJ 2 y/shpkVh, ;pzXsehs/ ns/ g/Av{ ftek; 219

2H1 G{fwek 219

2H2 y/shpkVh y/so dh ekor[Ikoh 220
2H3 o[iarko 222
2H4 y/shpkVhnXkfos T[d:'r 222
2H5 y/shpkVh T[g^;?eNo 222
2H6 y/shpkVhekor[iakohBkbgqGktssZE 235
2H7 ;z;EktK ns/ p[fBnkdhYKuk 245
2H8 y/shpkVhgfotkoKdkgq'ckfJb 249
2H9 g/Av{ ftek; 251
nfXnkfJ 3 T[d:'freftek; 255
3H1 G{fwek 255
3H2 ekor[iakoh 255
3H3 T[d:'fre T[sgdkB ;{uenze 257
3H4 o[iarko 258
3H5 g[{zihfBowkD 260
3H6 u'Dt/A T[d:'fre T[g^;?eNo ;zy/g Mks 262
3H7 fpibh, r?;, ib^;gbkJh ns/ j'o T[g:'rsk ;?eNo 267
3H8 nekonXkosT[d:'rKdktorheoB 269
3H9 T[d:'rK dh soZehbJhehshnKrJhnKtZy^tZy ;oekohgfjbedwhnK 271
nfXnkfJ 4 ;/tktK y/so 275
4H1 G{fwek 276
4H2 tgko ns/ w[ozws 279
4H3 ;?o^;gkNk 281
4H4 NoK;g'oN 284
4H5 N?bhekw 288
4H6 ftZsh ;/tktK 289
4H7 tZy^tZy ;fjekohgfjbedwhnK 292
nfXnkfJ 5 ;afjohftek; 293
5H1 gzikpftZu ;afjoheoD 293
5H2 ;afjoh p[fBnkdhYKuk ns/ fJ; dkftZs 300
5H3 ;afjoh ;EkBe ;oeko 303
5H4 ;afjoh ;[Xko 305
nfXnkfJ 6wBZ[yhftek; 307
6H1 G[{fwek 308
6H2 fNekT{ ftek; T[d/;a 308
6H3 f;js ;zGkb ns/ g';aD 312
6H4 f;fynk 324
6H5 n"osKdk ;;aaesheoB 341
6H6 jk;ahnkrq;s ;a/qDhnK dh soZeh 347
6H7 rohph 350
6H8 tksktofDeuD'"shnK 352
nfXnkfJ 7 b'eftZs 353
7H1 ;zy/g Mks 353
7H2 wkbhgqkgshnK 355
7H3 oki you/ 361
7H4 iBseeoia/ ns/ j'o d/DdkohnK 367
7H5 iBseftZshgqpzXB ;[XkodhnKgfjbedwhnK 370
nfXnkfJ 8 okigqpzX 373
8H1 ikD^gSkD 373
8H2 ekB{zB ns/ ftt;Ek 375
8H3 fGq;aNkukodk w[ekpbkeoBk 377
8H4 Jh^rtoB?A; 379
8H5 gkodo;ask 383
8H6;EkBe ;z;EktK dh nfXekosk 384
nB[bZr i-lii
 nfXnkfJ 1L ft;fsqs nkofEe ;whfynk
;kb 2020 ftu e'ftv^19 tkfo; wjKwkoh Bkb p/fw;kb gq/;akBh t/yh rJh, i' fe nkofEe ftek;
bJh ;G s'A tZv/ ;zeN ti'A T[Goh. gzikp ns/ ok;aNoh gZXo dh ihHn?;HvhHgh xZND dk w[Zy ekoD wjKwkoh
j?. ;kb 2020^21 ftu wjKwkoh ekoD gzikp dk nkofEe ftek; ok;aNoh gZXo s/ fJeo{gsk j'D dh nk;
j?. wjKwkoh d/ ;a[o{nksh wjhfBnK ftu id nfB;afussk pj[s fiankdk ;h ns/ skbkpzdh B/ nkofEe
ftek; s/ o'e brk fdZsh. e'ftv^19 d/ tZXd/ c?bkn s/ shposk B/ nkofEe ftek; ftu nkT[Ng[ZN(ihHthHJ/)
ns/ o[iarko B{z d'jok gqGkfts ehsk.

wjKwkoh d/ gqe'g B/ ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ihtB B{z ;fEo eo fdsk. gqGkfts ;?eNo^
jtkpkiah, ;?oF^;gkNk, gqu{B, g{zih pkiako, n?wHn?;Hn?wHJhH ns/ s/b, nzso ok;aNoh ns/ nzdo{Bh
rsh;ahbsk gqshpzX, :ksok ns/ ;?o ;gkN/ d[nkok gqkgs j'D tkb/ wkbhJ/ ftu xkN/ ekoD ihHn?;HvhHghH
ftu pj[s xkNk fgnk. jtkpkiah wkbhJ/ ftu th froktN nkJh. ;zeN ftu d/;a ftnkgh skbkpzdh d/ d"okB
g?db gqtk;hnK dk fGnkBe e{u d/fynk frnk. fJj fuzsktK dk w[Zy ekoD B"eohnK dk B[e;kB, o'iakBk
ok;aB ns/ ;wkfie ;[oZfynk dh ewh ;h.

w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo B{z Gkoh wko gJh go j[D fJ; ftu ;[Xko j' frnk j? go wkJhfBzr ni/
th gQGkfts j? T[;koh ns/ ;/tktK y/so ftu wjKwkoh ekoD ;wkfie d{oh ns/ ftnZeshrs xZN rZbpks
ekoD gqGkt fgnk j?. y/shpkVh ftu buehbkgD j'D ekoD Gkt/A gzikp B{z okjs j? go ;/tktK d/ y/so ftu
r?o o;wh b/po ftu MNe/ bZr/ jB.

;kb 2020^21 d"okB gzikp dh nkofEesk ftu y/shpkVh B/ 6H30# dh tkXk do Bkb wjKwkoh dk
;dwk xNkfJnk j?. fJj f;oc fJZe nfijk ;?eNo j? fi; B/ ihHn?;HthHJ/ ftu ;ekoswe :'rdkB
gkfJnk j?. fJ; s'A fJj gsk bZrdk j? fe skbkpzdh s'A y/shpkVh dhnK rshftXhnK jkVQh dh eNkJh ns/
;kT[[Dh dh fpikJh fiankdk gqGkfts BjhA j'JhnK.

1H1 nkofEe ftek;

e"wh g¤Xo ns/ gµikp oki g¤Xo d'tK *s/ jh, ;kb 2016^17 s" e[Zb oki w[Zb tkXk dh ftek; do ft¤u
froktN dk o[MkB d/fynk frnk j?.go, 2019^20 (s[ozs) bJh gµikp ft¤u ihHn?;HthHJ/H ft¤u n;b tkXk
Gkos ft¤u n;b ihHthHJ/ d/ tkX/ d/ pokpo jh j?. ;kb 2019^20 d"okB e"wh g¤Xo ftu Bowh, \k;s"o
s/ T[sgkdB y/so ft¤u th oki ft¤u ihHn?;HthHJ/H d/ tkX/ ftZu o[ektN dk ekoD j' ;edk j?. ;kb
2018^19 ftu 5H30# d/ w[ekpb/ 2019^20 ftu 3H53# dk tkXk j'fJnk.

okPNoh o[MkBK d/ nB[;ko ;kb 2019^20(s[ozs nB[wkB) ftZu nkofEe

ftek; ftZu froktN nkJh j?. fu¤so 1 ft¤u ;g¤PN j? fe gµikp dk e[b gµikp dh ihn?;vhgh
oki xo/b{ T[sgkdB ;kb 2018^19(nkoih) ftu 5H76# d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb 2015^16 s'A 2019^20
2019^20 (s[ozs nB[wkB) ft¤u 3H98# dk tkXk j'fJnk j?. d/ d"okB 5H75# dh
;kb 2020^21 d/ nr/s/ nB[wkBK nB[;ko gµikp dh ftek; do ns/ e"wh do Bkb tXh j?.
g¤Xo dh ftek; do xNh j?. fgSb/ e[M ;kbK d"okB ftek; doK ftu nkJh
Bowh d/ pkti{d, gµikp dh nkofEeesk ftZu ;kb 2020^21 ftu froktN j'D dh T[whd j?. ;kb
2013^14 s'A, gµikp dh ftek; do e"wh n";s Bkb'A x¤N ;h. go, 2020^21 d/ nB[wkB fJ; o[MkB ft¤u
spdhbh dk ;µe/s fdµd/ jB. ;kb 2020^21 d/ nr/s/ nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe gµikp dh ihHn?;HvhHghH
ftu ;otGkos d/ w[ekpb/ 1H3# dh xZN froktN dk nB[wkB j?.
190
fu¤so 1L Gkos dh ihvhgh d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp dh ihn?;vhgh dh ftek; do

gzikp ns/ ;ot Gkos dh ihHn?;HvhHghH dh ftek; do

8.0% 8.3%
9.0% 7.4%
8.0% 6.4% 6.8% 6.5%
7.0% 5.5%
6.0%
5.0% 6.6% 6.9%
5.3% 5.7% 6.4%
4.0% 5.8% 4.0%
3.0% 4.2%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%

gzikp Gkos

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp ns/ n?wHUHn?;HghHnkJhH, Gkos ;oeko

1H2 y/soh ekor[Ikoh

jkb jh d/ ;kbK ftu e"wh nkofEesk tKr jh ;/tktK d/ y/so B/ oki d/ e[Zb w{b tkX/ ftu ;G s'A t¤vk
fj¤;k gkfJnk j? (N/pb 1). fgSb/ 5 ;kbK (;kb 2015^16 s'A 2019^20(s[ozs) d"okB, gµikp ftu ;/tktK
d/ y/so B/ ;kbkBk n";sB 46H5# dk :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. fe;/ th nkofEesk dh ;[Gkfte gfotosB
gqfeqnk noE ftt;Ek B{z n¤r/ tXkT[D bJh ;/tktK y/so ftu ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB gkT[Adk j?H T[¤u gqsh
ftnesh nkwdB ns/ you eoB dh tX/o/ ;wo¤Ek Bkb, ;/tktK dh wµr ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?, i' fe gµikp
d/ wkwb/ ftu th ;g¤PN j[µdk j?. ;kb 2019^20 d/ s[ozs nB[wkB gµikp d/ ihn?;thJ/ ft¤u ;/tktK dh
fj¤;/dkoh t¤b ;µe/s eod/ jB fe ;/tktK y/so dk gzikp dh ihn?;thJ/ ftu ;kb 2018^19 d/ 46H48# s'A
tZX e/ ;kb 2019^20 d"okB 47H18# j' frnk.

;koDh 1L gµikp d/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftu y/soh ftek; do, fj¤;/dkoh ns/ o[Irko
ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu fjZ;k(gqubs o'Irko
ftek; do (;fEo ehwsK s/)
ehwsK s/) ftZu fjZ;k
;kb 2018^1 2019^20 ;kb 2018^ 2019^2 2018^19
2012^13 9 (gh) (s[ozs) 2012^13 19 0
s'A s'A (gh) (s[ozs)
2017^18 2017^18
sZe dh sZe dh
n";s n";s
y/shpkVh
ns/
2.2% 1.7% 1.8% 29.2% 28.7% 28.7% 24.6%
;pzXs
y/so
T[d:'r 5.1% 5.7% 1.1% 24.7% 24.8% 24.1% 35.4%
;/tktK 7.3% 7.0% 5.6% 46.1% 46.5% 47.2% 40.0%
;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp, ghHn?bHn?cHn?; 2018^19
 191

fco th, e"wh nkofEesk d/ T[bN, y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pµXs rshftXhnK B/ gµikp d/ ;w[¤u/ w[¤b
tkX/(tb:{ n?fvv) ft¤u fJe t¤vk fj¤;k gkfJnk j?, i' fe T[d:'r d/ :'rdkB s'A th t¤X j?. ;kb
2019^20 ftu y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb i[V/ y/soK B/ gzikp d/ ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftu 28H68# dk fjZ;k
gkT[D dh ;zGktBk j?. 1960^1970 d/ djke/ ft¤u joh eqKsh ns/ gµikp ft¤u y/shpkVh d/ wPhBheoB s'A
pknd, gµikp oki d/P dk nµBdksk ;kps j'fJnk j?.fJj y/so gµikp dh nkofEesk dk ;µukbe pfDnk
j'fJnk j?, oki ft¤u T[d:'r ns/ ;/tktK d/ y/so ƒ th Bkb o¤y fojk j?, fit/A fe pke; 1 ft¤u
do;kfJnk frnk j?. y/so d/ ftek; ft¤u nkJh froktN ekoB oki dh ;w[¤uh ftek; do ft¤u th ewh
nkJh j?.

pk¤e; 1L y/shpkVh ;?eNo gµikp d/ ftek; ƒ n¤r/ tXk fojk j?L^

fit/A fe gfjbK th d¤f;nk frnk j? fe e"wh o[MkBK d/ nB[;ko gµikp d/ e[Zb w[¤b tkX/ dh y/soh
;µouBk tX/o/ ;µs[fbs j?. jkbKfe ;/tktK y/so dk fj¤;k ;G s'A finkdk j?, f|o th ihHthHJ/H ftu T[d:'rK
ns/ y/shpkVh dk fj¤;k wj¤stg{oD j?. id'A fe fsµB ;?eNo nkg; ft¤u i[V/ j'J/ jB ns/ fJ¤e y/so ft¤u
so¤eh d{i/ y/soK ƒ th gqGkts eodh j?, y/shpkVh ;?eNo ƒ gµikp dh nkofEesk dh ;µukbe Pesh
wµfBnk ik ;edk j?. joh eqKsh d"okB gµikp dh nkofEesk ft¤u s/Ih gµikp ƒ d/P d/ ;G s'A nwho okiK
ft¤u Pkwb eoB ft¤u fJ; y/so t¤b'A fBGkJh G{fwek dh rtkjh Godh j?.
gµikp fJe y/shpkVh nkofEesk ti'A u¤b fojk j? ns/ y'i nfXn?B do;kT[Adk j? fe y/shpkVh ;?eNo j'o
y/soK ft¤u ftek; fbnkT[D ft¤u wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodk j?. fJe ;kb d/ nµsokb d/ Bkb, fJe
:[fBN d/ y/shpkVh d/ gfoDkw ftu ;/tktK T[sgkdK ftu 1H4 :{fBNK ns/ T[d:'fre T[sgkd ftu 1H77
:{fBNK dk tkXk j[µdk j?, i' d{i/ ;?eNoK d/ gqGkt Bkb'A d' s'A fsµB r[Dk t¤X j?. gµikp ft¤u pj[s/ T[d:'r
y/sh nXkos j'D eoe/, y/shpkVh ft¤u tkXk T[d:'rK bJh e¤u/ wkb ft¤u tkXk eodk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk,
gµikp eDe ns/ M'B/ d/ e/Adoh Gµvko dk fJe t¤vk fj¤;k g?dk eoB eoe/, fJBQK nBkiK dh Y'nk^Y[nkJh
;/tktK y/so ƒ fte;s eodh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fJ; r¤b s/ fXnkB fd¤sk ikDk ukjhdk j? fe tX/o/
y/shpkVh nkwdBh d/ Bkb T[d:'rK ns/ ;/tktK d/ y/so s'A T[sgkdK dh wµr g{oh nkofEesk ƒ j[bkok fdµdh
j?. fJj ;g¤PN j? fe y/shpkVh ;?eNo nkofEesk dk X[ok j? i' j'o ;?eNoK ftu ftek; ƒ wIp{sh fdµdk j?
ns/ nkofEesk ƒ ubkT[Adk j?.

y/shpkVh ns/ ;zpzXs y/so

fJfsjk;e s"o *s/ Gkos d/ y/shpkVh T[sgkdB ns/ y[oke ;[o¤fynk ƒ j[bkok d/D ftu gµikp dh G{fwek
wj¤stg{oD ojh j?. 1960 ns/ 1970 d/ djke/ dh joh eqKsh ftu gµikp oki g¤Swh T[¤so gqd/P ns/
jfonkDk d/ Bkb ;G s'A n¤r/ ;h. n¤i se, fJj ‘Gkos dk nµBdksk* j'D dk fyskp o¤ydk j? ^ d/P d/
uktb d/ T[sgkdB ftu 12H8# ns/ eDe d/ T[sgkdB ftu 18H2# dk :'rdkB gkT[Adk j?. ftP/P s"o *s/
d/P d/ y/so ftu d' c;bK dh ekPs nXhB gµikp dk gqshPs fj¤;k eqwtko1 7# ns/ 12# ;h.45 fJj T[¤u
g?dktko, wPhBheoB dh ekPs gµikp dh y/sh dh fJe ftb¤yD ftP/Psk j?. fJ; dk noE fJj th j? fe
;w[¤u/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo d/ soQk,fiE/ e[¤b w[¤b tkX/ ft¤u 18H38# fj¤;k gkT[Adk j?, d/P ft¤u y/shpkVh ns/
fJ; Bkb i[V/ y/so bJh o[Irko ft¤u fJj 42H5# dh fj¤;/dkoh gkT[Adk j?, gµikp d/ ihHn?;HthHJ/H ft¤u
28H68# dk fj¤;k ns/ o[Irko ftu 24H6# d/ tX/o/ nB[gks tkbk fj¤;k gkT[Adk j?. (pke; 2)

45
Data for 2017-18,available in Agriculture Statistics at a Glance,2018
192
pke; 2L gµikp ft¤u wPhBhfeqs y/shpkVh ;?eNo d/ Bkb ;µs[fbs T[sgkdB ns/ o[Irko YKuk
Gkos d/ okiK ftu fJe nkw o[MkB d/ nB[;ko oki d/ e[Zb w[Zb tkX/ ftu ;/tktK y/so dk dpdpk j?, fi;
s'A pknd T[sgkdB ns/ y/shpkVh y/so nkT[Ad/ jB.go, o[Irko dh r¤b eohJ/ sK fsµB ;?eNoK ft¤u
wId{oK dh tµv w[¤y s"o s/ y/shpkVh t¤b M[edh j?. fsµB ;?eNoK d/ T[sgkdB ns/ o[Irko n;wkBsk
okPNoh gZXo s/ th d/yD B{z fwbdh j? fi; sok ;koDh 2 ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j? Gkos d/ ihthJ/ ftu
y/shpkVh ;?eNo dk fj¤;k 2019^20 d/ s[ozs nB[wkBK nB[;ko 18H38# j'D dh T[whd j?, id'A fe fJ;
y/so ftu e[b feos Pesh ftu'A brGr d' r[Dk (42H5#) ƒ o[Irko fwbdk j?. fJj n;µs[bB y/shpkVh
;?eNo dh finkdk wid{o gqfeosh ns/ e"wh g¤Xo *s/ gqsh wId{o x¤N T[sgkdB t¤b ;µe/s eodk j?H fJ;
d/ T[bN, ;/tktK y/so fi; B/ 2019^20 ftu Gkos d/ ihthJ/ dk 54H96# :'rdkB dh T[whd j?, ns/
o[irko ftZu e[¤b 32H4# fj¤;k ygs ehsk j?. fJj e"wh g¤Xo *s/ ;/tktK y/so ftu p/o[Irkoh d/ tkX/ t¤b
;µe/s eodk j?.
fJ¤e ftgohs o[MkB ft¤u, fsµB ;?eNoK ft¤u, gµikp ft¤u T[sgkdB ns/ o[Irko dh ouBk s[bBkswe o{g
ft¤u pj[s fInkdk ;µs[fbs j?. ;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) ftu y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs rshftXhnK B/ oki d/
ihHthHJ/ ftZu 28H68# s'A t¤X :'rdkB gkfJnk j? ns/ oki dh e/tb 24H6# feos Pesh dh tos'A ehsh
j?. T[ZBs N?eBkb'ih dh tos'A fit/A y/sh T[geoD ns/ s[bBkswe o{g Bkb wfjµr/ n?uHtkJhHth phi ns/
ykd eJh fe;kBK ƒ d{i/ ;?eNoK t¤b ikD bJh wip{o eod/ jB. fJ; B/ e"wh g¤Xo d/ o[MkBK dh s[bBk
ft¤u, ;ko/ ;?eNoK ft¤u feoshnK dh tX/o/ ;µs[fbs tµv ns/ gqsh^feosh T[¤u g?dktko ƒ :ehBh pDkfJnk
j?. gµikp d/ 2019^20 (s[ozs)nB[wkBK nB[;ko ihHthHJ/ ftZu 47H18# d/ fj¤;/ tkb/ ;/tktK d/ y/so ftu
oki d/ feoshnK dk fj¤;k 40H0# j?.
;koDh 2L y/sotko ihHthHJ/ 2019^20 (s[ozs)ns/ o[irko dh tzv(2018^19)

o'Irko ftZu fjZ;k

ihHthHJ/H ftZu fjZ;k (2019^20(s[ozs)
(2018^19)

gzikp

y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs y/so 24.6% 28.68%

T[d:'r 35.4% 24.11%

;/tktK 40.0% 47.18%

Gkos

y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs y/so 42.5% 18.38%

T[d:'r 25.1% 26.66%

;/tktK 32.4% 54.96%

;kXBLghHn?bHn?cHn?;H(2018^19) w";gh,noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp

fJ; bJh, fJj e'Jh j?okBh dh r¤b BjhA j? fe B?PBb nkb fJzvhnK o{ob ckJhB?Phnb fJBeb{iB ;ot/
(Bkch;) 2016^17 ftu d/fynk frnk fe ;ko/ okiK ftu, gµikp ftu y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh ;G s'A t¤X
n";sB wkf;e nkwdB (23,133 o[gJ/) j?, id'A fe e[M |k;b/ dh d{oh s/ jfonkDk (18,946 o[gJ/)
 193

(Bkpkov, 2018)46 d{i/ Bµpo s/ j?. fJ; dk noE fJj th j? fe y/shpkVh okiK dh x¤N gqsh ftnesh
nkwdBh tkbh nkw XkoDk gµikp d/ wkwb/ ftu ;¤u BjhA j?. n;b ft¤u, fJj fJ¤e pj[s jh ftobk oki
j? i' e[¤b ihHn?;HthHJ/H ft¤u y/shpkVh dk fJ¤e t¤vk fj¤;k ns/ fJ¤e T[¤u ;w[¤uh gqsh ftnesh nkwdB
dk wkD wfj;{; eodk j?.

jkb jh d/ ;kbK ft¤u, gµikp B/ y/shpkVh, yk; s"o s/ c;bK dh ekPs ft¤u nfB:ws ftek; do dk
nB[Gt ehsk j?. ;kb 2018^19 ns/ 2019^20 ftu, y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs y/soK dh ihthJ/ ftek; do
1H74# ns/ 1H81# s/ nk rJh id fe ;kb 2012^13 s'A 2017^18 sZe n";sB ftek; do 2H2# ;h
(;koDh 3). fJj wµdh c;bh g?dktko ;?eNo ft¤u ;G s'A t¤X fXnkB d/D :'r ;h, fiE/ ihthJ/ B/ fJ¤e
Bekokswe ftek; do d/yh. gµikp ftu c;bK dh ekPs ftu fJj wµdh bµp/ ;w/A d/ o[MkBK dk b¤SD th j'
;edh j?. fw;kb d/ s"o *s/, id'Afe M'B/ dh ekPs 2019^20 ftu xNh, M'B/ dh ekPs d/ oep/ ftu wkw{bh
tkXk j'fJnk. fJ; bJh, MkV ftu froktN ƒ fIzw/tko mfjokfJnk ikDk ;h. fJj yV"s eDe dh ekPs
bJh th ;jh j?, fit/A fe j/mK fd¤s/ (fu¤so 2) ftu d/fynk ik ;edk j?. 2000 d/ djke/ s'A pknd M'B/
ns/ eDe dk oepk ns/ MkV d'tK ftu yV"s nkJh j?. fJ; d/ ;µGkfts ekoB yk; s"o *s/ x¤N fBt/P
nB[gks d/ fgS'eV j' ;ed/ jB, go fJ; pko/ tX/o/ ft;Eko Bkb y'i eoB dh Io{os j?. (pke; 3)
;µGkfts s"o s/ c;bh ftfGµBsk jh Gft¤y j?.

;koDh 3L y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs y/soK dh ftek; do ns/ fj¤;k (2012^13 s'A 2019^20 s[ozs)

ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu fjZ;k(gqubs ehwsK

ftek; do (;fEo ehwsK s/)
s/ )
;kb
;kb 2012^13
2012^13 s'A 2018^1 2019^2 s'A 2018^1 2019^2
2017^18 sZe 9(gh) 0(s[ozs) 2017^18 9(gh) 0(s[ozs)
dh n";s sZe dh
n";s
y/shpkVh
ns/ ;pzXs 2.2% 1.7% 1.8% 29.2% 28.7% 28.7%
y/so
y/shpkVh 1.0% -0.4% -1.0% 17.6% 16.4% 15.8%
gP{XzB 5.1% 5.8% 6.5% 8.8% 9.9% 10.5%
izrbks
0.9% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.1% 2.0%
T[sgkdB
wZSh gkbD 5.9% 0.3% 12.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3%
;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp.

46
NABARD (2018). All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) 2016-17. Available at
https://www.nabard.org/auth/writereaddata/tender/1608180417NABARD-Repo-16_Web_P.pd
194
fu¤so 2L gµikp ftu M'B/ ns/ eDe dk oepk ns/ MkV

7000 M'Bk
eDe
6000 6000

5000 5000

4000 4000

3000 3000

2000 2000

1000 1000

0 0
1950-51
1960-61
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
1995-96
2000-01
2005-06
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2019-20

1960-61
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
1995-96
2000-01
2005-06
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2019-20
oepk000 j?eN/no MkV feb'$j?eN/no oepk000 j?eN/no MkV feb'$j?eN/no

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp

y/shpkVh ft¤u Gft¤y ft¤u tkXk th ;pµXs y/soK s'A nkT[D dh

gP{ XzB y/so y/shpkVh d/
;µGktBk j?^i' nkPkiBe Yµr Bkb y/shpkVh dh ihHn?;HthHJ/Hft¤u
j'o ;?eNoK ft¤u nkJhnK
nkgDk fj¤;k tXk oj/ jB. oki dh ihHthHJ/H ft¤u gP{ XzB ft¤u o[ektNK d/ w¤d/BIo
T[g^;?eNo dk fj¤;k fgSb/ ;kbK d"okB fBoµso tfXnk j?, i' fe gµikp ;w[¤uh nkofEe
2019^20 ft¤u 10H5# s¤e gj[µu frnk j? ns/ fJ; T[g^;?eNo ftZu y[Pjkbh dk wj¤stg{oB
tkndk eodk j?.
fgSb/ ;w/A ft¤u fBoµso T[¤u ftek; do j'Jh j?.fgSb/ 3 ;kbK d"okB,
y/shpkVh ;?eNo d/ ;ko/ T[g^;?eNoK ftu'A gP{ gkbD T[g^;?eNo ftu
;G s'A fInkdk tkXk fojk j?. t¤y^t¤y e"wh ns/ oki g¤Xoh
gfjbedwhnK okjhA gP{ gkbD ftu ;oeko d/ :sB fJ; T[g^;?eNo d/ tkX/ ƒ gq's;kfjs eoB d/
oki dh fBPmk ƒ T[ikro eod/ jB.

pke; 3L gµikp ft¤u fBt/P ns/ tkXk

fBt/P wµr tkb/ gk;/ s'A ihHvhHghH ftu dkyb j[µdk j?^fi; ;kb ftu fBt/P ehsk iKdk j?, ihvhgh fBt/P dh
wµr dh ;hwk s¤e t¤X j[µdh j?H fJ; s'A fJbktk, wPhBoh, g{µih nkfd d/ o{g ftZu fBt/P th Gft¤yh ftek;
bJh nkofEesk ƒ gqGkfts eodk j?. fJj fJe nfijk y/so j? fi¤E/ gµikp ftu ;[Xko dh r[µikfJP j?.
;kb 2018^19 ft¤u oki ft¤u e[¤b g{µih fBowkD (ihH;hHn?cH) ihHn?;HvhHgh dk 14H1# ;h. fJBQK nB[gksK
ƒ ;?eNo^tko d/yDk f;fynkdkfJe j?(fuZso 3). j?okBh dh r¤b BjhA fe T[d:'r dh gqfeosh d/ nXko s/
T[d:'r d/ y/so ft¤u ihHn?;HthHJ/H nB[gks ftu T[¤usw ihH;hHn?cH j?. ;/tktK, T[d:'r d/ ;[Gkn nB[;ko
ns/ ne;o r?o o;wh j'D ekoB fBt/P d/ nB[gks th x¤N j[µd/ jB.go, fJBQK d'tK ;?eNoK B/ 2011^12
ns/ 2018^19 d/ ftueko fBt/P nB[gks ft¤u ;[Xko doi ehsk j?.

fu¤so 3L ihH;hHn?c dh ihH;hHthHJ/ Bkb nB[gks^ T[d:'r ns/ ;/tktK

 195

33.2%
28.7%

12.7%
14.5%

T[d:'r ;/tktK

2011-12 2018-19

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp

T[d:'r y/so
fgSb/ d' ;kbK d"okB w?B{c?eufozr T[g^;?eNo d[nkok gq/fos, T[d:'fre y/so dh ftek; do ft¤u fJ¤e
gfotosB nkfJnk j?. ;kb 2019^20 d/ s[ozs nB[wkBK s'A gsk brdk j? fe w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo dh
ftek; do 0H07# ofjD dh T[whd j?. T[d:'r y/so ftu o[MkB e"wh g¤Xo *s/ ftek; dk nB[;oD eod/
jB. T[d:'fre ;?eNo dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H d/ tkX/ ftu w?B{c?eufozr dk Bk f;oc ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB j?,
;r'A fJj f;yo d/ ;w[¤u/ T[g^;?eNoK ftu'A fJe j? ns/ y/shpkVh ;?eNo s'A pknd d{i/ Bµpo s/ j? (;koDh
4). y/shpkVh ;?eNo *s/ fXnkB e/Adfos eoB Bkb gµikp ftu c{v gq';?f;µr ns/ N?e;NkJhb tor/
;jkfJe T[d:'rK dk ftek; j'fJnk j?. n¤i, oki t;so, T[¤Bh fBNt/no ns/ y/v ;w¤roh dk gqw[y
T[sgkde j?. b[fXnkDk Pfjo T[¤so Gkos ftu ;G s'A t¤vk w?B{c?eufozr eb;No pD e/ T[¤Gfonk j?.
fJ; s'A fJbktk, bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr (;kJheb ns/ nkN' gkoN; dk T[sgkdB) gµikp dk fJe wj¤stg{oB
T[d:'r j?. oki ;oeko t¤b'A t¤y t¤y N?e;NkJhb gkoeK ns/ bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr gkoeK B{z ;Ekgs
eoB d/ :sBK ;dek oki ftu T[d:'rK d/ ftek; ƒ w[V ;[oihs eoB dh T[whd ehsh ik ojh j?.

;kb 2019^20(s[ozs) T[d:'fre ns/ ;/tktK dh ftek; do 1H13# ns/ 5H60# ofjD dh T[whd j?.T[d:'r
y/so ftu ;kb 2019^20(s[ozs) ftu wkJhfBzr y/so ftu 17H79#, w?B{c?eufozr ftu 0H07# ns/ T[;koh
ftu 1H84# dh ftek; do dk nB[wkB j?. fpibh, r?; ns/ j'o ;j{bsK y/so ftu e[ZM foetoh nkJh j?
ns/ 4H13# ftek; do doi ehsh j?. gµikp ƒ th oDBhse s"o s/ ;"o T{oik dh tos'A bJh o¤fynk frnk
j?. oki ft¤u BftnkT[D:'r T{oik ;o'sK ftu tkX/ ƒ T[sPkjs eoB bJh t¤y t¤y gfjbedwhnK ehshnK
rJhnK jB.
196
;koDh 4LT[d:'r y/so dh ftek; do ns/ fj¤;/dkoh (2012^13 s'A 2019^20 s[ozs)

;kb
;kb 2012^13
2018^19 2019^20 2012^13 s'A 2018^19 2019^20
s'A 2017^18
(gh) (s[ozs) 2017^18 sZe (gh) (s[ozs)
sZe dh n";s
dh n";s
T[d:'r 5.1% 5.7% 1.1% 24.7% 24.8% 24.1%
yfDi gdkoE
ns/ gZEo 39.2% 6.1% 17.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
eZYDk
w?B{c?eufozr 5.5% 4.8% 0.1% 14.2% 13.8% 13.2%
fpibh r?;
ns/ gkDh 9.9% 6.0% 4.1% 3.6% 4.3% 4.3%
gqpzX
T[;koh 2.1% 7.6% 1.8% 6.9% 6.7% 6.5%
;/tktK y/so
e"wh o[MkBK d/ nB[e{b, ;/tktK y/so dk gµikp dh ihHthHJ/H ftu ;G s'A t¤vk fj¤;k gkT[Adk j? ns/ fJj ;G
s'A s/Ih Bkb ftek; eoB tkbk y/so th j?. fJ; ;?eNo B/ oki dh ihHthHJ/H ftZu 46# s'A t¤X fBoµso
:'rdkB gkfJnk j? ns/ 2012^13 ns/ 2017^18 ftub/ S/ ;kbK dh fwnkd ftu 7# s'A t¤X dk tkXk doi
ehsk j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu jbeh fijh froktN s'A pknd, 2018^19 ftu ;?eNo ftu T[Skb nkfJnk
ns/ 7# j' frnk (;koDh 5). ;kb 2019^20 d/ s[ozs nB[wkBK nB[;ko fJj ;?eNo 47H18# s'A t¤X dk
fj¤;k gkT[Dk ikoh o¤y/rk ns/ 5H60# dh ftek; do j't/rh. fJj fXnkB ftu o¤yDk fdbu;g j? fe ft¤sh
;/tktK s'A fJbktk, ;/tktK y/so d/ ;ko/ T[g^;?eNo 2012^13 s'A (n";sB) 6# s'A t¤X dh do Bkb tX/
jB.;/tktK y/so ftu 2019^20(s[ozs) ftu No/v, j'Nbi n?Av o?;N'o?AN,NoK;g'oN, ;N'o/ia ns/ ;zuko ftu
4H27# ns/ 3H66# dh ftek; do dh ;zGktBk j?. y/shpkVh ftu buehbkgD j'D ekoD Gkt/A gzikp B{z
okjs j? go ;/tktK d/ y/so ftu r?o o;wh b/po ftu MNe/ bZr/ jB.

Pbkxk:'r j? fe bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr T[d:'rK, tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tktK B/ ;kb do ;kb gµikp d/ ;/tktK
;?eNo dh ihn?;thJ/ ftZu brGr 11# :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. T[¤u ftek; do okjhA T[sPkfjs, ‘j'o ;/tktK*
j[D fJ; fj¤;/ ƒ gko eo rJhnK jB. fgSb/ n¤m ;kbK ftu 9# dh fj¤;/dkoh ns/ fgSb/ ;w/A ftu
fBoµso tX ojh ftek; do d/ Bkb ohnb n;N/N ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu fJe j'o wj¤stg{oB fjZ;k gk fojk
j?.

gµikp ftu ;/tktK y/so ƒ T[sPkjs eoB dh tX/o/ ;wo¤Ek j?, \k;eo e/ ;?o^;gkN/ d/ y/so ftu.
nµfwqs;o, Gkosh ns/ ftd/Ph ;?bkBhnK bJh fJ¤e gqf;¤X ;EkB j?. gµikp ft¤u nkT[D tkb/ e[¤b ;?bkBhnK
dh 70# s'A th finkdk dh nkwd nµfwqs;o ft¤u j?. fJ; Pfjo ftu oki ftu ftok;s ns/ g/Av{
;?o^;gkNk d'tK d/ ftek; dh r[µikfJP j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, oki w?vheb ;?o^;gkN/ bJh fJe gqf;¤X wµfIb
pD fojk j?H nkX[fBe seBkb'ihnK Bkb b?; t¤y^t¤y Bof;µr j'wI tkbk Pfjo ibµXo, T[u/u/ s"o s/
ra?o^gqtk;h GkoshnK bJh, fJe gqf;¤X w?vheb N{foIw dk fNekDk pD e/ T[¤Go fojk j?.
 197

;koDh 5L ;/tktK y/so dh ftek; do ns/ fj¤;k (2012^13 s'A 2019^20 s[ozs)

ftek; do (;fEo ehwsK s/) ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu fjZ;k(gqubs ehwsK s/ )

;kb ;kb
2012^ 2012^
13 s'A 2019^ 13 s'A 2019^
2018^ 2018^1
2017^ 20(s[oz 2017^1 20(s[oz
19(gh) 9(gh)
18 sZe s) 8 sZe s)
dh dh
n";s n";s

;/tktK 7.3% 7.0% 5.6% 46.1% 46.5% 47.2%

tgko,w[ozws
,j"Nb ns/ 7.6% 6.8% 4.3% 10.8% 10.9% 11.0%
o?;N'o?AN

NoK;g'oN,;N'
o/I,;zuko ns/
6.8% 6.5% 3.7% 5.4% 5.3% 5.3%
gq;koB ;pzXh
;/tktK

ftZsh ;//tktK 4.4% 5.6% 5.1% 5.3% 5.1% 5.0%

tk;sfte
;zgsh, xoK dh
7.0% 6.6% 4.6% 9.3% 9.2% 9.3%
wbehns ns/
fpiB; ;/tktK

b'e gqPkPB 7.0% 5.4% 7.7% 5.2% 5.0% 5.0%

j'o ;/tktK 9.3% 9.1% 8.0% 10.0% 11.0% 11.6%

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp

1H3 nkofEe ftek; ns/ ftneshrs GbkJh

n?;HvhHihH ;{ue 8H1H1 gqsh ftnesh n;b ihH n?;HvhHghH dh ;w[¤u/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo *s/
;bkBk ftek; do 1,34,186 o[gJ/ d/ w[ekpb/
;kb 2019^20 ftu gµikp
;kb 2019^20 ftu gµikp ft¤u n";sB gqsh ftnesh ihHn?;HvhHghH fJe T[¤u nkwdBh tkbk
(w"i{dk ehwsK s/) 1,79,163 o[gJ/ j'D dk nB[wkB j? i' fe 2018^19 ;{pk j?, fi; dh gqsh
ftnesh nkwdB
d/ w[ekpb/ 4H43# dh ftek; do do;kT[Adh j?. fJ; Bkb ;kb 1,61,083 o[gJ/ j?.
2019^20 ftZu gqsh wjhBk n";sB ihHn?;HvhHghH 14,930 o[gJ/ j?.
gqsh ftnesh nkwdB d/ wkwb/ ft¤u (i' fe n?BHn?;HvhHghH ns/ nkpkdh dk nB[gks j?),;kb 2019^20
198
ftu gqsh ftnesh nkwdB 1,61,083 o[gJ/ j'D dh T[whd j?, i' ;w[¤u/ Gkos g¤Xo s/ gqsh ftnesh
nkwdB dh 1H20 r[Dk j?.

gqsh ftnesh nkwdB ft¤u nµso^okih o[MkB

;kb 2013^14 s'A o{gBro, n?;HJ/Hn?;HBro ns/ b[fXnkDk gqsh ftnesh nkwdBh d/ wkwb/ ft¤u gqw[¤y
fIbQ/ jB. ;kb 2017^18 s¤e, o{gBro B/ 182,552 o[gJ/, b[fXnkDk B/ 168,706 o[gJ/ ns/ n?;HJ/Hn?;H
Bro B/ 162,143 o[gJ/ dh gqsh ftnesh nkwdB doi ehsh. fdbu;g r¤b fJj j? fe o{gBro fJe
y/shpkVh fIbQk j? fi; d/ e[¤b fIbQk w[¤b i'V (ihHvhHthHJ/H) dk 30# y/shpkVh ;?eNo s'A nkT[Adk j?.go,
n?;HJ/Hn?;H Bro ns/ b[fXnkDk w?B{c?eufozr d[nkok ;µukfbs jB, t¤b'A ;kb 2017^18 ftu ;pµXs
ihHvhHthHJ/H ftu eqwtko 27# ns/ 27# dk :'rdkB gkfJnk frnk. d{i/ gk;/, r[odk;g[o ns/ soB
skoB fIbQ/ oki ftu ;G s'A x¤N gqsh ftnesh nkwdBh dh fog'oN eod/ jB. nkofEe rshftXhnK *s/
gkpµdhnK ns/ ;hwk sDkn B/ fJBQK fIfbQnK d/ ftek; ƒ ;hws eo fd¤sk j?.
1H4 wfjzrkJh
noE ;k;asoh wzBd/ jB fe wfjzrkJh ns/ jkJhgo fJBcb/;aB (pj[s fiankdk wfjzrkJh) dh T[uhnK doK
jkBhekoe jB ns/ fJj g?;/ dh pj[s fiankdk ;gbkJh ekoB j[zdhnK jB. n;b ftu fijV/ ekoB
wfjzrkJh dh xZN doK s'A dofwnkBhnK doK fBoXkos eod/ jB T[j nbZr j[zd/ jB. xZN iK dofwnkBh
wfjzrkJh dk ekoB t;sK ns/ ;/tktK dh n;b wzr ftu T[sokn uVkn iK T[gbZpX ;gbkJhnK ftu
spdhbh j'Dk j?. gozs{ g{oB ;fjwsh dk ftuko fJj j? fe wfjzrkJh dh fJZe bzph fBozso ntXh nkofEe
ftek; dh do Bkb'A s/iah Bkb tZX ojh g?;/ dh ;gbkJh d/ ekoB jh j[zdh j?.
wfjzrkJh d/ o[MkB
fgSb/ e[M ;kbK s'A oki ft¤u wfjzrkJh dk o[MkB nB[e{b fojk j? i' nkoHphHnkJh d/ Nhu/ dh o/Ai 2# s'A
6# d/ ft¤u tZXdk xZNdk fojk j?. Gkt/A wfjzrkJh d/ skIk nµeV/ fgSb/ o[MkBK s'A fJ¤e tyo/tKgD
do;kT[Ad/ jB (fu¤so 4). gµikp ftu wfjzrkJh do tX ojh j?. nes{po 2020 s'A pknd, wfjzrkJh do
ftu oki ns/ okPNoh g¤Xo s/ froktN doi ehsh rJh, d;µpo 2020, ft¤u wfjzrkJh nkoHphHnkJh d/
6# Nhu/ d/ nzdo jh ojh. fJj ;G e[ZM tZv/ gZXo s/ ykd gdkoEK dh wfjzrkJh xZND ekoD j'fJnk. fJj
fXnkB ftu o¤fynk ikDk ukjhdk j? fe, gqubs wkBsk d/ T[bN, wfjzrkJh d/ jbe/ g¤XoK ƒ ygs ns/
T[sgkdB ƒ T[sPkjs eoBk nkofEesk bJh tXhnk wµfBnk iKdk j?.
fu¤so 4L gµikp ns/ Gkos ft¤u wfjzrkJh (iBob T[gG'rsk Gkn ;{ue nze)

fgSb/ e[M ;kbK s'A wfjzrkJh dk tksktoD ;[Gkte fojk j/?.

8
7
6 5.0
5 3.8 5.7
5.8 5.3 5.7 5.4
4 5.1
4.4
3 3.7 2.9
2
1
0

;kXBL ;zfyneh ns/ gq'rokw bkr{ eoB wzsokbk, Gkos ;oeko

 199

y[oke ns/ r?o^y[oke wfjzrkJh

;kb 2020^21 d/ jkb d/ e[ZM wjhfBnK ftu 2019^20 d/ w[ekpb/ y[oke dhnK ehwsK ftu T[sko uVkn
t/fynk frnk j?. fit/A fe d/fynk frnk j?, gµikp ns/ Gkos ft¤u, ;kb 2019^20 ftZu y[okeh wfjzrkJh
dh do ft¤u tkXk j'fJnk ;h. ;kb 2020^21 ft¤u wfjzrkJh dh do ftu froktN Bkb gfog/y T[bNk
j'fJnk j? (fuZso 5). gµikp ftu y[okeh wfjzrkJh do d;µpo, 2020 ftu 0# s¤e gj[µu rJh. e'o'Bk
tkfJo; wjKwkoh ekoB ngo?b, 2020 s'A i[bkJh,2020 dh wfjzrkJh do dh ;{uBk T[gbZpX BjhA j?. cbK,
;piahnK, nBkiK, dkbK ns/ T[sgkd, d[ZX ns/ T[sgkdK dh wfjzrkJh xND ekoB d;zpo, 2020 d"okB ykd
gdkoEK dh wfjzrkJh xZNh j?. y[okeh wfjzrkJh B{z fJ; d/ bZrGZr ;ko/ T[gGkrK tZb'A ;zukfbs ehsk frnk
j?. cbK dhnK ehwsK d;zpo,2020 d"okB fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ ^0H3# xZN j'Dk fd;dk gqsZy j?.
2020^21 d"okB uhBh ns/ fwmkJh dh ehwsK ftZu th ngo?b s'A d;zpo,2020 s'A pknd brksko froktN
nkJh j?. d[ZX ns/ T[sgkdK, ;piahnK, nBki ns/ T[sgkdK dhnK wfjzrkJh ft¤u th fJ;/ soQK ewh nkJh
j?.gozs{ ;kb 2020^21 d"okB w;kb/ dhnK ehwsK ftZu ekch tkXk j'fJnk .
fu¤so 5L gµikp ftu y[oke ns/ ghD tkb/ gdkoEK ftu Gkos d/ w[ekpb/ wfjzrkJh do

y[okeh wfjµrkJh ftZu froktN

12
10
8
6
4
2
0

;kXBL ;zfyneh ns/ gq'rokw bkr{ eoB wzsokbk, Gkos ;oeko

r?o y[okeh wfjzrkJh d/ ;zdoG ftZu NoK;g'oN ns/ ;zuko, egV/ ns/ fBih d/yGkb nkfd dh r?o y-[okeh
wfjzrkJh tZXh j? (fuZso 6).fuzskiBe o[MkB egV/ (5H1#), NoK;g'oN (10H8#) ns/ fBih d/yGkb ;/tktK
(7H6#) dh wfjzrkJh dh do T[Zu j?, i' fe fJZe r[DtZsk w[es ihtB pshs eoB bJh io{oh t;sK jB.
f;js, xo ns/ gkB s/ szpke{ nkfd dh wfjzrkJh ftZu th ewh nkJh j?.
fu¤so 6L gµikp ftu t¤y^t¤y r?o^y[okeh t;sK ftu wfjzrkJh
14%
r?o y[okeh gdkoEK dh wfjzrkJh ftZu froktN
10.8%
10%
7.6%
5.4% 6.0%
5.1% 5.2%
6% 4.3% 4.2%
2.1% 2.4%
1.4%
2%

-2%

;kXBL ;zfyneh ns/ gq'rokw bkr{ eoB wzsokbk, Gkos ;oeko

200
wfjzrkJh d/ o[MkBK ft¤u ;EkBe fGzBsk
;kb 2020 d"okB gzikp dh ;afjoh wfjzrkJh g/Av{ wfjzrkJh s'A tZX j?, gozs{ ;kb 2016^17 s'A 2019^20
sZe g/Av{ y/so dh wfjzrkJh ;afjoh y/so dh wfjzrkJh s'A tZX ojh .fgSb/ ftZsh ;kb 2019^20 s'A e"wh
gZXo s/ ;afjoh wfjzrkJh B/ T[bNgZD eod/ j'fJnK, g/Av{ wfjzrkJh B{z gSkV fdZsk j? ns/ fJ;/ soQK dk o[MkB
ftZsh ;kb 2020^21 d"okB d;zpo,2020 sZe d/fynk frnk j? (fuZso 7).gzikp ftZu ;kb 2019^20 sZe
brksko ;ekoswe g/Av{^;afjoh nzso ;h i' fe ;kb 2020^21 ftZu (d;zpo 2020 d"okB) Bekoswe j'
frnk.
fu¤so 7L gµikp ns/ Gkos ftu fdjksh^Pfjoh wfjzrkJh dk nµso

gzikp ns/ Gkos ftZu g/Av{ ns/ ;afjoh wfjzrkJh dk nzso

3.0%

2.0%

1.0%

0.0%

-1.0%

-2.0%

;kXBL ;zfyneh ns/ gq'rokw bkr{ eoB wzsokbk, Gkos ;oeko

tZy^tZy T[sgkdK dh r?o y[okeh wfjzrkJh d/ tZX j'D ekoB ;afjoh gzikp dh r?o y[okeh wfjzrkJh g/Av{
gzikp dh r?o y[okeh wfjzrkJh s'A tZX ojh. w[Zy o{g ftZu fJj nzso wB'oi z B ;aq/Dh ftZu j?, i' fe
d;zpo,2020 sZe ;afjoh wfjzrkJh n";sB 6H1# ;h, fJ; d/ T[bN T[;/ ;aq/Dh ftZu g/Av{ wfjzrkJh 4H7#
;h.fJ;/ soQK f;Zfynk ns/ fBih d/yGkb (PERSONAL CARE) wZdK ftu wfjzrkJh g/Av{ y/so ftZu ;afjoh
y/so s'A fiankdk j?. fJZE/ fJj B'N ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j? fe gzikp ftZu ok;aNoh o[MkBK nB[;ko jh ;afjoh
y[okeh wfjzrkJh nr;s,2020 s'A g/Av{ y[okeh wfjzrkJh s'A tZX rJh j?. g/Av{ ;afjoh wfjzrkJh d/ fJ;/
ftnkge tyo/ftnK (nzso) dk w[Zy ekoB yzv ns/ fwmkJh, d[ZX s/ T[sgkdK, ;piahnK, nBkiK ns/ T[sgkd
ns/ w;kfbnK ftZu nkJh ewh ekoB j?.
wfjzrkJh d/ ;µukbe
;kb 2019^20 ns/ 2020^21(nr;s 2020 s'A d;zpo,2020) d"okB g/Av{ ns/ ;afjoh wfjzrkJh ftZu c[ZNeb
t;s{nK dk ;G s'A tZvk :'rdkB j?. idfe fgSb/ ;kbK s'A gzikp ftZu y[okeh wfjzrkJh, r?o y[okeh
wfjzrkJh d/ w[ekpb/ xZN ojh j? jkb ftZu r?o y[okeh wfjzrkJh dk tZX j'Dk, r?o y[okeh T[sgkdK dh tX/o/
wzr ekoB fJ; B{z oki ftZu wfjzrkJh dk fJj wjZstg{oD ekoB pDkT[Adh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk c[ZNeb
T[sgkdK dh wfjzrkJh fit/A fe fBih d/yGkb dhnK t;sK B/ gzikp ftZu wfjzrkJh B{z w[Zy o{g ftZu gqGkfts
ehsk j?.
g/Av{ ns/ ;afjoh d'BK ftZu fJ; tZX ojh r?o y[okeh wfjzrkJh B/ wfjzrkJh bJh :'r T[sgkdK ftZu coe
ysw eo fdZsk j? (fuZso 8). ;kb 2020^21 dhnK gfjbhnK fszB fswkjhnK d"okB g/Av{ ns/ ;afjoh gzikp
d'tK ftZu c[ZNeb T[sgkd wfjzrkJh dk ;w[Zuh wfjzrkJh ftZu ;G s'A tZX fjZ;k g/Av{ 57# ns/ ;afjoh
35#fojk j?. fdbu;g rZb j? fe egV/ ns/ i[Zs/ T[sgkd dk ;afjoh wfjzrkJh tXkT[D ftZu w[Zy :'rdkB j?.
fJ; dk :'rdkB ;kb 2019^20 (cotoh,2020 sZe) d"okB 4# s'A tZX e/ ;kb 2020^21 (nr;s^d;zpo
2020 sZe) d"okB 7# j' frnk. fJ; s'A fJbktk gzikp d/ ;afjoh fJbkfenK ftZu wfjzrkJh tXkT[D ftZu
jkT{f;zr T[sgkd th wjZstg{oD :'rdkB gk oj/ jB.
 201

fuZso 8L g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh gzikp ftu wfjzrkJh d/ ;zukbe

g/Av{ ;kb 2020^21 ;afjoh

;kb 2020^21
(d;zpo2020 sZe)
(d;zpo2020 sZe) ykX ns/ g/:ib

ykX ns/ g/:ib

gkB, szpke{ ns/
BPhb/ gXkoE
gkB, szpke{ ns/
BPhb/ gXkoE pkbD ns/ fpibh

pkbD ns/ fpibh

eZgV/ ns/ i[Zs/
eZgV/ ns/ i[Zs/
;kb 2019^20 c[Neb
;kb 2019^20
c[Neb
xo

;kXBL ;zfyneh ns/ gq'rokw bkr{ eoB wzsokbk, Gkos ;oeko

gµikp ftu iBse tµv gqDkbh

gµikp d;µpo, 2013 s'A okPNoh y[oke ;[o¤fynk n?eN, 2013 ƒ bkr{ eoB tkb/ d/P d/ gqw[¤y okiK ft¤u'A
fJ¤e j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu y[oke,f;ftb ;gbkJh ns/ ygseko wkwb/ ftGkr,gzikp d[nkok ubkJh ik
ojh nkNk dkb ;ehw ƒ T[go'es n?eN d/ dkfJo/ ft¤u fbnKdk frnk ;h ns/ fJ; dk Bkw pdb e/
;wkoN okPB ekov ;ehw o¤fynk frnk ;h.
T[go'es ;ehw bJh oki ;oeko b'VhAdh eDe dh yohd fte/Adohfeqs yohd ;ehw d/ sfjs eodh j? ns/
fJ; dk GµvkoB 527 ;wofgs vh;hgh r'dkwK ftu ehsk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; ƒ Gkos ;oeko dh wBI{oh
Bkb d'^;kbk tµv wkvb sfjs ;kb ftu d' tko 17186 ;jh ehws tkbhnK d[ekBK (|/no gqkJh; Pk¤g;)
okjhA 2 o[gJ/ gqsh feb' d/ fj;kp Bkb 30 feb' ;hbpµd p?rK ftu bkGgksohnK ftu ftsfos ehsk iKdk
j?. soihj tkb/ gfotkoK dh Pq/Dh d/ bkGgksohnK ƒ jo wjhB/ 5 fe¤b' eDe fwbdh j? id'Afe nµBk
nµBs'fdnk :'iBk tor d/ gfotkoK ƒ 35 feb' eDe gqsh wjhBk fwbdh j?. oki ;oeko B/ 1H4145 eo'V
bkGgksohnK ƒ ;kbkBk 8H70 b¤y whNoe NB eDe tµvDh j[µdh j?.
fJ; ;w/A ;pf;vh tkbh eDe 36H57 b¤y bkGgksoh gfotkoK (brGr 140H72 b¤y bkGgksohnK) ƒ tµvh
(ngq?b 2020 s'A ;szpo,2020) ik ojh j?. bkGgksohnK d/ t/ot/ y[oke, f;tb ;gbkJh ns/ ygseko
wkwb/ ftGkr, gµikp d/ gkodoPsk g'oNb *s/ T[gbpZX jB (http://www.foodsuppd.gov.in). 99#
okPB ekovK ƒ nkXko Bµpo Bkb ;hv ehsk frnk j?.fJ; tzv dh nkBbkJhB fBrokBh
epos.punjab.gov.in g'oNb s/ T[gbZpX j? .
gkodofPsk oZyD bJh bkGgksohnK ƒ nBki ;oekoh ekoieosktK, gµukfJs w?ApoK$ e"A;boK ns/ ;EkBe
ftihb?A; ew/NhnK d/ w?ApoK dh jkIoh ft¤u tµfvnk iKdk j?.
bkGgksohnK dhnK fPekfJsK d/ fBgNko/ bJh fsµB g¤Xoh fPekfJs fBtkoD ftXh^nµdo{Bh, pkjoh ns/
oki y[oke efwPB dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh j?. tXhe fvgNh efwPBo g¤Xo d/ nfXekohnK ƒ fIbQk
fPekfJs fBtkoD nfXekoh fB:[es ehsk frnk j?.
n?BHn?cHn?;HJ/H 2013 nXhB nBki dh tµv ftu gkodoPsk ns/ e[Pbsk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D bJh,
NhHghHvhHn?;H dk ;µg{oB eµfgT{NoheoB, n?cHghHn?;H dk ;t?ukbB ns/ ;gbkJh u/B w?B/iw?AN ƒ bkr{ eo
fdZsk frnk j?. ngq?b 2018 s'A brksko :'r bkGgksohnK d/ nXko ekov s/ nkJhHnkoHnkJhHn?; ;e?Bo
iKu eoB T[gozs T[jBK ƒ epos fvtkJh; okjhA nBki dh tzY ehsh ik ojh j?. fJ; ekoi bJh ftGkr
tZb'A 1917 e-pos fvtkJh; dh yohd ehsh rJh j?.
oki ;oeko B/ ;wkoN okPB ekov ;ehw sfjs bkGgksohnK dh w[V s;dhe dk c?;bk fbnk j?, sK i'
e/tb :'r bkGgksoh jh ;ehw dk bkG T[mk ;eD.
202
;koDh 6L nes{po 2017 s'A d;zpo 2020 sZe T[fus ehwsK dhnK d[ekBK okjhA iao{oh t;s{nK dh tzv d/
t/ot/ j/m nB[;koL

n?BHn?cHn?;HJ/ bkGgksohnK ƒ 2017 s'A 2020 sZe tzvh rJh eDe ns/ dkbK dk t/otk

ਲੜੀ ਸ਼�ੇਣੀ ਸਮ� ਅਵਧੀ ਕਵਰ ਵੰ ਡੀ ਗਈ ਕਣਕ ਵੰ ਡੀ ਗਈ ਕਣਕ ਵੰ ਡੀਆਂ ਗਈਆਂ

ਨੰ ਕੀਤ/ (feb'rqkw) (fwNfoe NBK ftu) ਦਾਲ�

ਿਜ਼ਲ�/ (fwNfoe NBK

ftu)

n?BHn?cH nes{po 2017 s'A

1 4 10434946H00 10434H95 T[gbpZX BjhA
n?;HJ/ wkou 2018

n?BHn?cH ngq?b 2018 s'A

2 22 380542501H50 380542H50 T[gbpZX BjhA
n?;HJ/ ;szpo 2018

n?BHn?cH nes{po 2018 s'A

3 22 383975358H99 383975H36 T[gbpZX BjhA
n?;HJ/ wkou 2019

n?BHn?cH ngq?b 2019 s'A

4 22 387094825H40 387094H83 T[gbpZX BjhA
n?;HJ/ ;szpo 2019

n?BHn?cH nes{po 2019 s'A

5 22 386227257H00 386227H26 T[gbpZX BjhA
n?;HJ/ wkou 2020

n?BHn?cH ngq?b 2020 s'A

6 22 413533268H37 413533H27 T[gbpZX BjhA
n?;HJ/ ;szpo 2020

n?BHn?cHn?;HJ/ dk i'V 1961808157H26 1961808H16 0H00

ghHn?wHihH
ngq?b 2020 s'A
7 e/HJ/HtkJh 22 201639200H00 201639H20 10407H29
i{B 2020
^1
ghHn?wHihH
i[bkJh 2020 s'A
8 e/HJ/HtkJh 22 334143600H00 334143H60 17108H82
Btzpo,2020
^2

e[Zb i'V
2497590957H26 2497590H96 27516H11
(n?Bn?cHn?;HJ/HOghHn?wHihHe/HtkJh)

;kXBL y[oke, f;tb ;gbkJh ns/ ygseko wkwb/ ftGkr, gµikp ;oeko.
 203

y[oke f;tb ;gbkJh ns/ ygseko wkwb/ ftGkr B/ fJZe ok;aNo fJZe ok;aB ekov ;ehw B{z ;cbskg{ote
bkr{ ehsk j?,fiBQK dk T[d/;a T[BQK gqtk;hnK B{z bkG gj[zukT[Dk j? fiBQK B{z o'ir
a ko d/ we;d bJh nkgDh
fojkfJ;a dh irQk pdbDh g?Adh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk ngo?b 2020 s'A ;szpo 2020 d"okB nzso oki g'oN/
fpZb dh nXhB 174847 b?D d/D ehs/ rJ/ noEks gzikp oki d/ ok;aB ekov XkoeK B{z nkgDh g;zd d/
ok;aB fvg{ (Fair Price Shops) s'A nBkia b?D dh ;j{bs fdZsh rJh.
ok;aB ekov$nXko ekov B{z b? e/ ikD ftZu bkGgksohnK dhnK w[;aebK B{z xNkT[D bJh gzikp oki
tZb'A fuZg nXkos ;wkoN ok;aB ekov fsnko ehsk j?, fi; Bkb G"fse ekov ysw j' ikDr/ ns/
bkGgksohnK B{z nkgD/ Bkb f;oc ;wokN ok;aB ekov oZyDk j't/rk s/ T[j nkgDk nBkia dk g{ot
fBoXkos e'Nk nkgDh g;zd dh fe;/ th tkiap ehws dh d[ekB s'A b? ;edk j?.bkGgksohnK B{z tzvD bJh
y[oke f;tb ;gbkJh ns/ ygseko wkwb/ ftGkr d/ fibQk ezNo'boia B{z fwsh 5^2^2021 sZe 3438792
;wkoN ok;aB ekov (fuZg ;w/s) fdZs/ ik u[Ze/ jB.

1H5 iB;zfynk ns/ o[Irko

fJ; Gkr ftu, gfjbk n;hA gzikp ftu nkpkdh d/ ;zpzX ftu e[M w[ZfdnK s/ ftuko^tNkAdok eod/ jK,
fijBkA dk feos ;aesh ns/ o[irko Bkb ;pzX j?.fJjBkA ftu iB;zfynK spdhbh, fbzr nB[gks ns/
gqtk; o[MkB ;akwb jB.fco n;hA o[irko ;zpzXh w[ZfdnK pko/ rZb eoKr/.

iB;zfynk o[MkB
fJj d/yD B{z fwbdk j? fe gµikp ftu iBw do ns/ iDB do ftu froktN d/ fgS'eV ftZu npkdh dh
ftek; do j"bh j' rJh j?.;w/A d/ Bkb^Bkb iBw do x¤N j'D Bkb gµikp ftu Bk f;o| nkpkdh ftek;
doK ftu th froktN nkJh j?,fJj froktN ;ko/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo Bkb'A oki bJh fiankdk s/I ojh j?.Gkos
gZXo dh s[bBk ftu 2001^2011 d/ ;w/A d"okB gzikp dh ftek; do 14# ;h fi; Bkb 2001 s'A 2011 d/
no;/ d"okB gµikp ft¤u ;kbkBk npkdh tkXk do ;op Gkosh g¤Xo d/ 1H8# d/ w[ekpb/ 1H4# j'
rJh.(fu¤so 9) iDB do ftu th fJ;/ ;w/A d"okB froktN nkJh j?.Gkos ns/ gµikp d'tK dh 1971 ft¤u
iDB do 5H2 ;h. ;kb 2018 s¤e, fJj do Gkos bJh 2H2 ns/ gµikp bJh 1H6 j?, fJj gqsh;EkgB
g¤Xo dh iDB do 2H1# s'A j/mK nk ojh j?.T[;/ ;w/A d"okB, w"s doK ft¤u th froktN nkJh j?.Gkt/A fe,
2011 ns/ 2018 d/ ft¤u wkw{bh tkXk doi ehsk frnk j?.

fu¤so 9L gµikp ns/ Gkos ftu djkektko npkdh ftek; do

gzikp ns/ Gkos dh djkek iB;zfynk ftek; do

25% 25% 24%

22% 22%
24% 18%
22% 22%
21% 20%

14%

gzikp Gkos

;kXBL nkoHphHnkJh dh oki nzeVk j?Avp[Ze

204
fJjBK o[MkBK B/ eµwekih T[wo tor, noEks, 15 s'A 64 ;kb dh T[wo dh nkpkdh ftu fBoµso tkX/ d/
Bkb gµikp ftu iB;µfynk spdhbh ftu :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. fJj fu¤so 10 ftu d/fynk ik ;edk j?,fi¤E/
1991 s'A b? e/ 2017 s¤e, T[wo^fbµr fgokfwvK d/ ;w{j ftu T[Gko Iho' s'A b? e/ 14 ;kb d/ bJh 10 s'A 24
g[oPK bJh ns/ 15 s'A 29 fJ;sohnK bJh u¤bdk j?.fJj fXnkB fd¤sk ikDk ukjhdk j? fe fJ;sohnK
bJh iB;µfynk ;pµXh spdhbh wodK d/ w[ekpb/ w[ekpbsB s/I j??.
;koDh 7 fJj T[ikro eodh j? fe gµikp ftu ekoiPhb T[wo dh nkpkdh (15 s'A 64 ;kb) d/ 60H1# s'A
tX e/ 2017 ftu nkpkdh dk 71H8# j' rJh j?. fJ;/ ;w/A, t¤v/ T[wo tor ftu nkpkdh dh gqshPssk
(Gkt, 65 ;kb s'A T[go dh T[wo) th t¤X ojh j?.
;koDh 7L t¤y t¤y T[wo torK ft¤u gµikp dh npkdh dh tµv

T[wo(;kb) 1991 2011 2017

ezwekih T[wo 15 s'A 64 60.1% 67.7% 71.8%

B"itkB 15 s'A 29 28.3% 29.1% 30.4%

nrb/ djke/ ftZu ezw eoB tkbh T[wo

5 s'A 14 23.3% 17.9% 14.8%
d/ edw

pi[or nt;Ek 65 s'A tZX 5.0% 6.7% 7.1%

;kXBL Gkos dh iBrDBk, 1991 ns/ 2011; ;?Agb ofi;Nq/;aB ;ot/ 2017

fuZso 10L Gkos dh iBrDBk, 1991 ns/ 2011; ;?Agb ofi;Nq/;aB ;ot/ 2017
 205

fJj iB;µfynk spdhbh d' fuµsktK ƒ iBw fdµdh j?.gfjbk, ekoiPhb T[wo dh t¤vh nkpkdh dh w"i{drh
nkgD/ nkg nkofEe bkG ft¤u spdhb BjhA j[µdh.fJ; dh pikJ/, B"itkBK dhnK fJ¤SktK Bkb w/b yKdk
j[Bo ns/ o[Irko d/ w"e/ gqdkB ehs/ ikD dh Io{os j? sK i' nkpkdh dk tkXk iB;µfynk d/ bkGnµP ft¤u
spdhb j' ikDk :ehBh pDkfJnk ik ;e/.d{ik, pI[or T[wo torK ft¤u tX/o/ nkpkdh d/ Bkb, gµikp ƒ
p¤funK ns/ ngkjiK dh GbkJh bJh ehs/ ik oj/ T[gokfbnK s'A fJbktk, t¤X ojh fBoGo nkpkdh dhnK
Io{osK dh g{osh bJh f;js ;µGkb ns/ ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk gfjbedfwnK ft¤u fBt/P eoBk gt/rk.;hws
ft¤sh r[µikfJP d/ w¤d/BIo fJj d't/A g¤y wj¤stg{oB jB.fit/A fe nfXnkfJ 7L gpfbe ft¤s, gµikp ft¤u
wj¤stg{oD gqshp¤X yofunK s/ uouk ehsh rJh j? fi; d/ wZd/Bio fJBQK gfjbedfwnK bJh u/szB gj[zu
tosD dh Io{os j?.

fbµr nB[gks

fJ¤e nkJhHn?wHn?cH ;Nkc d/ nfXn?B ftu gsk u¤fbnk j? fe feos Pesh ft¤u n"osK dh Gkrhdkoh d/
d' ekoBK eoe/ wj¤stg{oB nkofEe bkG j[zdk j?. gfjbk, eµw tkbh EK s/ fJe tXdh ftfGµBsk tX/o/
fdqPNhe'D ns/ t¤y t¤y iwKdo{ j[Bo fJe wµu s/ nkT[Ad/ jB, fJ; soQK T[sgkdesk ftu ;[Xko j[µdk
j?.d{ik, fit/A fJ¤e nkofEesk tXdh j?, fJ; d/ Bkb ;/tk y/so ft¤u o[Irko d/ nt;o tXd/ jB i' fe
;zwfbs o[Irko d/ bJh ;fji o{g Bkb tX/o/ nB[e{b j?.Gkt/A fe, feos Pesh ft¤u n"osK d/ gqt/P bJh
;wkfie iK j'o o[ektNK, o[Irko ns/ T[sgkdB (nk;Nqh JhNh J/n?b, n?BHvh)3 dh gqfefonk ƒ Xhwk eo
;edhnK jB.nfijhnK ;wkfie o[ektNK dk fJ¤e g?wkBk fbµr nB[gks j?, i' iBw d/ ;w/A fbµr G/dGkt ƒ
do;kT[Adk j?.

jkbKfe fJfsjk;e s"o s/ gzikp ftZu fbzr nB[gks gqshe{b j? fco th 2005^07 s'A 2016^18 d/ djke/
d"okB gµikp ft¤u fbµr nB[gks ft¤u ek|h ;[Xko j'fJnk j?.oki ;oeko d/ u/szB ns/ fBoµso :sBK ;dek
fbµr nB[gks ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?.gµikp dk fbµr nB[gks 2005^07 ftu 837 s'A t¤X e/ 2016^18 ftu
890 j' frnk.fJ;d/ T[bZN, okPNoh fbµr nB[gks 2005^07 ftu 901 s'A xN e/ 2016^18 ftu 899 j'
frnk.fJ; d/ w[ekpb/, j'o 18 okiK d/ Bkb, gµikp gqsh 1000 g[oPK fgS/ 53 fJ;sohnK dk ;[Xko Bkb
f;yo s/ fojk j?, fit/A fe fu¤so 11 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?.d{i/ doi/ s/ f;yo s/ ofjD tkb/ wZX gqd/;a
B/ nkgD/ fbµr nB[gks ftu gqsh 1000 g[oPK ftu 12 fJ;sohnK dk ;[Xko ehsk j?.pkeh okiK ftu'A
fInkdkso B/ fJBQK 10 ;kbK ftu fbµr nB[gks ftu froktN d/yh j?.fJj fXnkB d/D tkbh rZb j?, fe
fbµr nB[gks ft¤u u'y/ ;[Xko d/ pkti{d, gµikp e"wh n";s s'A j/mK ub fojk j?.
206

fu¤so 11L okPNoh

kPNoh n";s ns/ j'o okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp ftu fbµr nB[gks

;kXBL ;?Agb gziheoD ;ot/

fu¤so 12L g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh gµikp ft¤u fbµr

fJj d/fynk frnk j? fe fbzr nB[gks

g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh gµikp ft¤u fbµr nB[gks ftZu d'tK g/Av{ ns/ ;afjoh y/soK ftZu
;[Xko do;kfJnk frnk j? fit/A fe
fu¤so 12 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j?.
940
920 fi; ft¤u Pfjoh gµikp g/Av{ gµikp dh
900 s[bBk ftu fpjso gqdoPB e eo fojk
880
860 j?.;afjoh y/soK ftZu ikro{esk, T[¤u
840 ;kyosk ns/ ;ys w?vheb fB:w Pfjoh
820
800 y/soK ft¤u d/y/ iKd/ T[¤u fbµr nB[gks
780 ft¤u wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eod/
760
jB. gzikp d/ fbzr nB[gks ftZu
2005^07 s'A 2015^17 d/ ;w/A ftZu 876
s'A 874 dh wkw{bh froktN doia ehsh
rJh j? go 2016^18 ftZu fJj tX e/
Rural Urban 878 j' frnk, fJ;d/ T[bN ;afjoh gzikp
ftZu 2015^17 ftZu 905 s'A fbzr nB[gks
;kXBL pj[s ;kbK dk, ;?Agb ofi;Nq/;aB ;ot/ 2016^18 ftZu 908 ftZu ;[Xko d/yD B{z
fwfbnk j?.
 207

gµikp ft¤u gqtk; d/ o[MkB

gzikp fJZe ftbZyD oki j? i' d{i/ okiK s'A nkT[D tkb/ gqtk; B{z nkeof;as eodk j?.;kb 2011 dh iBrDBk
d/ nµefVnK d/ nB[;ko, d/P Go d/ okiK s'A 24 b¤y s'A
t¤X b'eK B/ (24,88,299) gµikp ftZu gqtk; ehsk, i' fe fu¤so 13L gqtk; eoB d/ T[d/P d/ s/
nfij/ gqtk;hnK dk e[¤b 5H3# j?.fJ; Bkb gµikp d{;o/ gqtk;hnK dh tµv nXko
okiK s'A nkJ/ gqtk;hnK tkbk n¤mt/A t¤v/ fj¤;/ tkbk ;{pk
id'A fe g[oP o'irko d/ wzst bJh gqtk; eo
pD frnk j?.fJBQK gqtk;hnK ft¤u pj[shnK fJ;sohnK
rJ/,fJ;sohnK ftnkj eotkT[D bJh gqtk;
;B, fiBQK dh fj¤;/dkoh 55H2# ;h.oki ft¤u t;d/ pj[s/ eo rJhnK
gqtk;h b[fXnkDk ns/ n?;HJ/Hn?;HBro fty/ t; rJ/.
11.7% ezw$o'Irko
gµikp ft¤u fbzrtko gqtk; d/ ekoB t¤y tZy jB. id'A fe 18.4%
g[oP eµw$ o[Irko d/ w"fenK dh Gkb ftu gµikp nk 27.7%
eko'pko
rJ/,fInkdkso fJ;sohnK ftnkj[sk T[d/PK bJh gqtk; 23.9%
f;fynk
eo rJhnK, fit/A fe fu¤so 13 ftu d¤f;nk frnk
j?.fJ; soQK dk o[MkB g{o/ d/;a ftZu d/yD B{z fwbdk j?. ftnkj

T[¤so gqd/P 26H1# d/ fj¤;/ d/ Bkb gzikp B{z gqtk; eoB iBw s'A pknd ub/
tkbk w'joh oki j?. :{Hgh ns/ fpjko s'A pj[s/ gqtk;h 46.4% rJ/
50.4% gotko ;w/s ub/
o'Irko d/ w"fenK dh Gkb ftu gµikp nkT[Ad/ jB.fJj rJ/
b'e y/sK ftu nkoih ekw/ iK fdjkVhdko ti'A eµw eod/ j'o

jB ns/ fJ; soQK eµw eoB dhnK wkVhnK ;fEshnK dk g[oP fJ;soh
;kjwDk eod/ jB.o[Irko d/ w"fenK dh sbkP ft¤u d{i/
okiK s'A nk ojh nkpkdh dk T[¤u gqtkj oki ft¤u feos
wkoehN s/ dpkn gkT[Adk j? ns/ o[Irko d/ Y[et/A w"fenK
dh T[gbpXsk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D bJh dybnµdkIh dh b'V ;kXBL Gkos dh wodwP[wkoh 2011
j[µdh j?.
pk¤e; 4L fpjso nt;oK dh sbkP
gµikphnK, yk;eo B"itkB spe/ ftu gqtk; oki Go ft¤u fJ¤e ikfDnk^gSkfDnk s¤E j?. eJh soQK d/
wip{oh ns/ fy¤uD d/ ekoe jB fi; d/ Bshi/ ti'A B"itkBK B/ ftd/PK ftu fpjso nt;oK dh sbkP ftu
nkgD/ xoK ƒ S¤v fd¤sk, ftef;s noE ftt;EktK fit/A fe eB?vk, nwohek, nk;No/bhnk ns/ fJzrb?Av
ftu ihtB d/ fpjso wkgdµv oki ftu T[¤u T[sPkjh B"itkBK ƒ nkeo;fas eoB tkbk ;G s'A t¤vk ekoB
j?.
d{i/ gk;/, t¤X oj/ wip{oh ekoB cV/ ikD tkb/ ekoDK dh t¤X ojh frDsh th j?. o[Irko d/ w"fenK dh
xkN, i' fe gµikphnK dhnK fJ¤SktK ns/ :'rsktK d/ nB[;ko j?, fJe w[¤y ekoB j?. fJj fJ; s¤E s'A
f;¤X j[µdk j? fe ;kb 2020 ftu p/o[Irkoh fpUo' (31 d;µpo s¤e) d/ e[¤b 265249 fpB?ekoK ftu'A 88#
f;¤fyns (w?fNqe ns/ fJ; s'A t¤X) ns/ 50# ƒ e[Pb ti'A Pq/Dhp¤X ehsk frnk ;h. fJj ;µe/s fdµdk j? fe
T[gbpX B"eohnK ns/ fpB?ekoK dhnK fJ¤SktK $ :'rsktK ftueko fJ¤e n;wkBsk w"i{d j?, i' fe oki s'A
f;fyns B"itkBK ƒ gbkfJD bJh wip{o eodh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fit/A fit/A y/shpkVh ftek; fJe
;fEosk se gj[µudk j?, fJBQK fe;kBK d/ p¤funK dk fJe t¤vk fj¤;k o'Irko d/ w"fenK dh Gkb ftu ftd/PK
ftu ik fojk j?. ;ot/yD T[ikro eod/ jB fe fiankdk s'A fInkdk fe;kB (\k;eo S'N/ ns/ x¤N T[sgkdB
eoB tkb/ fe;kB) nkgDhnK IwhBK ƒ nkgD/ p¤funK d/ ftd/P gqtk; bJh g?;k i[NkT[D bJh t/u oj/ jB.
fJjBK fy¤u ns/ wip{oh d/ ekoB Xe/b/ ikD d/ ekoBK d/ w/b Bkb oki s'A f;fyns B"itkBK dh fBek;h
j'Jh j? ns/ B"itkBK ft¤u p/o[Irkoh tXh j? (fit/A fe n¤r/ d¤f;nk frnk j?).
fJe j'o fdbu;g o[MkB, i' gµikp ftu d/fynk iKdk j?, T[j j? gµikphnK (\k;eo B"itkBK) t¤b'A t¤v/
g¤Xo s/ gqtk; eoBk. o[Irko d/ tXhnk w"fenK dh Gkb ftu gµikphnK dk t¤vk fj¤;k d/P s'A pkjo gqtk;
eo fojk j?.T[¤u gqtk; t¤b d/ o[MkB nkefo;as eoB tkb/ t¤y' t¤yo/ tkb/ ekoB pk¤e; 4 ftu ftuko/ rJ/
jB. gqtk;hnK bJh eB/vk, nwohek ns/ fJzrb?Av fJfsjk;e s"o *s/ gfjbh g;µd oj/ jB.Gkt/A fe, ;g/B
ns/ fJNbh tor/ d/P th j[D soihj tkbhnK EktK d/ s"o s/ T[¤Go oj/ jB. Gkt/A gqtk; B/ gµikphnK s'A
208
oki B{z nkT[D tkbh nkwdBh d/ dotkI/ y'bQ/ jB.foIot p?Ae d/ nµdo{Bh nkwdBh gqkgs ;ot/yD 2016^17
ftu d¤f;nk frnk j? fe e[¤b gqtk; s'AA G/ih nµdo{Bh nkwdBh gqkgs oew dk 1H7# gµikp t¤b G/fink
frnk ;h, i' ;ko/ okiK ns/ e/Ado Pk;s gqd/PK ftu 10t/A ;EkB s/ ;h.
GbkJh ns/ ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk ƒ T[sPkjs eoB bJh t¤y t¤y ;oekoh gfjbedwhnK
;wkfie ;[o¤fynk ;ehwK L Bkrfoe B{z roG s'A p[Ykg/ sZe ;jkfJsk
oki ;oeko dk ;wkfie ;[oZfynk ns/ fJ;soh ns/ pkb ftek; ftGkr Bkrfoe B{z roG nt;Ek s'A p[Ykgk
sZe ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB ftZu wjZstg{oD G[{fwek ndk eodk j?, ftGkr pia[orK, ftXtktK ns/ p/;jkok
fJ;sohnK, fBoGo pZfunk ns/ ngkji ftneshnK B{z ;wkfie ;[oZfynk :'iBktK d/ sfjs o'iah o'Nh bJh
ftZsh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eodk j?.;kb 2020^21 d"okB 29H13 bZy bkGgksohnK bJh 2621H70 eo'V o[gJ/ dh
oew you ehsh rJh j?. ;kb 2021^22 d"okB 2622H17 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew sIthi ehsh rJh j?.
p[Ykgk g?BPB ;ehw
gzikp ftZu fpoXK dh 2866000 nkpkdh j? i' e[Zb nkpkdh dk 10H3# j?.fpoX ftneshnK B{z ;jkfJsk
gqdkB eoB bJh ;kb 2020^21 bJh 1558H10 eo'V o[gJ/ oew wBia{o ehsh rJh j?. fi; d/ fto[ZX
17H50 bZy bkGgksohnK B{z eto eoB bJh 31H12H2020 sZe 1012H56 eo'V o[gJ/ you ehs/ rJ/ jB.
fJµdok rKXh okPNoh p[Ykgk g?BPB (nkJhHihHn?BHUHJ/HghHn?;)
fJj ;ehw Gkos ;oeko d[nkok 16H8H1995 B{z ;a[o{ ehsh rJh ;h, fpB?eko dh T[wo 60 ;kb iK tZX j'Dh
ukjhdh j?. fpB?eko B{z rohph o/yk s'A j/mK tkb/ gfotko Bkb ;pzXs j'Dk ukjhdk j?. ;kb 2020^21 bJh
5400H00 bZy o[gJ/ dh oew wBia{o ehsh rJh ;h, fi; d/ sfjs 31H12H2020 sZe 3199H42 bZy o[gJ/
you ehs/ rJ/ jB.
fpoX ftneshnK bJh nµsookPNoh fdt; wBkT[Dk
;kv/ pia[or BkrfoeK d/ :'rdkB, p[ZXh, fJZias ns/ iao{osK B{z wzBD dk w"ek gqdkB eoB bJh ns/ jo ;kb
fJZe nes{po B{z nkgD/ nkg B{z T[BQK dh GbkJh bJh ;wofgs eoB bJh d;zpo 1990 d/ ;z:[es ok;aNo
wjK;Gk d/ ws/ dh gkbDk eofdnk ft;at Go ftZu fpoX ftneshnK dk nzsook;aNoh fdt;
(nkJhHvhHUHgh) ti'A wBkfJnk iKdk j?. fJ; w"e/ T[x/ pia[or ftneshnK dk ;BwkB ehsk iKdk j?.;kb
2019^20 bJh wBia{o ehsk T[gpzX 30H00 bZy o[gJ/ ;h, fi; d/ fto[ZX 30H00 bZy o[gJ/ you ehs/ rJ/.
;kb 2020^21 bJh you 30H00 bZy o[gJ/ dk T[gpzX ;h fi; ftu'A 31H12H2020 sZe 2H58 bZy o[gJ/ dk
youk j'fJnk j?.;kb 2021^22 bJh 30H00 bZy o[gJ/ d/ piN dh sIthi ehsh rJh j?.
piaa[or (BkrfoeK) ƒ ;j{bsK
fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs 60 ;kb iK fJ; s'A t¤X T[wo d/ pI[or BkrfoeK ƒ PBkysh ekov ikoh ehs/ iKd/
jB.
1H gµikp o'vt/I$ghnkoNh;h p¤;K ftu gqsh p¤; fsµB ;hNK okythnK ofjDrhnK.
2H f;tb j;gskbK d/ ;ko/ Ughvh ftu ;hBhno f;NhIBI bJh t¤yohnK bkJhBK.
3H fpibh $ gkDh d/ fp¤bK dh ndkfJrh bJh ;hBhno f;NhIBI bJh t¤yohnK bkJhBK.
4H gµikp ;oeko d[nkok ;w/A^;w/A *s/ ;hBhno f;NhIBI ƒ fd¤s/ rJ/ e'Jh th j'o bkG.
s/Ikp ghVs :'iBk, 2017 gµikp dh ft¤sh ;jkfJsk
i{B 2017 s'A gqGktPkbh j?, fJ; :'iBk dk w[¤y T[d/P T[BQK fJ;sohnK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoBk j? i'
s/Ikph jwb/ d/ ekoB ngkji j' rJhnK jB.fJ; ;ehw nXhB s/Ikph jwb/ dk fPeko j'D tkbh bkG
gqkgs eosk dk gµikp oki dk t;Bhe j'Dk ukjhdk j?.fpB?^g¤so ƒ ;pµXs fIbQ/ d/ f;tb ;oiB d[nkok
ftXhts ikoh ehs/ rJ/ vkeNoh ;oNhfce/N Bkb fIbQk ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk nc;o e'b iwQK eotkT[Dk j? i'
fe s/Ikph jwb/ d/ ekoB fpB?eko ƒ ngkji ftnesh (g{oB Gkrhdkoh d/ nfXekoK d/ ;wkB nt;o)
n?eN dh Xkok 2 (i) d/ nB[;ko ngkji gfoGkfPs eodh j?.jo/e ghVs B{z 8,000$^ o[gJ/ jo wjhB/ ndk
 209

ehs/ iKd/ jB. ftZsh ;kb 2018^19 bJh 20H00 bZy o[gJ/, 2019^20 bJh 20H00 bZy o[gJ/ ns/ ftsh ;kb
2020^21 bJh 24H00 bZy o[gJ/ oZy/ rJ/ jB.
ftXtk ns/ p/;jkok fJ;sohnK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk
“ftXtk ns/ p/;jkok fJ;sohnK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk” ;ehw d/ sfjs ;kb 2020^21 bJh 428H07 eo'V
o[gJ/ dh oew wBI{o ehsh rJh ;h, fi; ftu'A 313H32 eo'V o[gJ/ 31^12^2020 se you eoe/ 513000
bkGgksohnK ƒ eto ehsk frnk j?.
fJµdok rKXh okPNoh ftXtk g?BPB ;ehw
fJj :'iBk 20H2H2009 B{z ;a[o{ ehsh rJh ;h.fpB?eko dh T[wo 40^59 ;kb d/ ftueko j't/rh.fpB?eko
rohph o/yk s'A j/mK dk gfotko j'Dk ukjhdk j?.;kb 2020^21 bJh 7H50 eo'V o[gJ/ dh ok;ah B{z wBia{oh
fdZsh rJh ;h.fi; d/ fto[ZX 31H12H2020 sZe 17967 bkGgksohnK B{z etoeoB bJh 4H59 eo'V o[gJ/
you j'J/ jB.
nkPfos p¤funK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk
fBoGo pZfunK dh ;jkfJsk bJh ;kb 2020^21 bJh 145H71 eo'V o[gJ/ dh wBia{oh fdZsh rJh ;h, fi;
ftZu 189000 bkGgksohnK B{z eto eoB bJh 104H11 eo'V o[gJ/ you ehs/ rJ/ ;B.
J/ehfeqs pkb ;[o¤fynk ;ehw
fJ;soh ns/ pkb ftek; wµsokb/, Gkos ;oeko, BthA fd¤bh B/ 26 Btµpo 2010 ƒ wzsoh wzvb dh
gqtkBrh s'A pknd J/ehfeqs pkb ;[o¤fynk ;ehw (nkJhH;hHghHn?;H) bkr{ ehsh.fJj ;ehw w"i{dk 15 j'wI
ƒ feP'o fBnK (pkb fXnkB ns/ ;[o¤fynk) n?eN, 2000 ns/ pkb ;[o¤fynk gq'rokwK ƒ fJe Ssoh j/m
fbnkT[D Bkb ;pµXs j?.fJ; d/ sfjs, ft¤sh ;kb 2020^21 bJh 20H00 eo'V o[gJ/ dk piN T[gpµX ehsk
frnk ;h fi; ftu'A 10H74 eo'V you o[gJ/ 31^12^2020 sZe you j'J/ jB.
J/ehfeqs pkb ftek; ;/tktK ;ehw (nkJh;hvhn?;)
fJj ;ehw 1975 ft¤u gq:'rkswe nXko s/ p¤funK d/ ;otg¤yh ftek; bJh P[o{ ehsh rJh ;h.fJ;
:'iBk sfjs oki d/ 155 nkJhH;hHvhHn?;H pbkeK (146 fdjksh ns/ 9 Pfjoh) ft¤u 27,314 nKrDtkVh
e/Ado ubkJ/ ik oj/ jB.fJ; :'iBk bJh 446H35 eo'V o[gJ/ dk pZiN gqpzX ehsk frnk ;h, fi; d/ fto[ZX
ftZsh ;kb 2020^21 bJh 31H12H2020 sZe 197H26 eo'V o[gJ/ you ehs/ rJ/ jB.
ngkji ftneshnK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk
ftZsh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB bJh ;kb 2020^21 bJh fJ; ;ehw sfjs 187.33 eo'V o[gJ/ dh wBI{oh
fd¤sh rJh ;h fi; ftu'A 136.82 eo'V o[gJ/ dk youk eod/ j'J/ 258000 bkGgksohnK ƒ eto ehsk
ikDk j?.
fJµdok rKXh okPNoh ngkji g?BPB ;ehw
fJj :'iBk 20H2H2009 B{z ;ao [ { ehsh rJh ;h. ngkji dh T[wo 20^59 ;kb d/ ftueko j'Dh ukjhdh j?.
fpB?eko B{z rohph o/yK s'A j/mK tkb/ gfotko Bkb ;pzXs j'Dk ukjhdk j?.;kb 2020^21 bJh 2H00 eo'V
o[gJ/ dh oew B{z wBia{oh fdZsh rJh ;h, fi; ftu'A 1H47 eo'V o[gJ/ you/ rJ/.

ngkfjiesk ;?eNo
ngkji ftneshnK d/ nfXeko n?eN, 2016
ngkji ftneshnK d/ nfXeko n?eN 2016 (ghHvpb:{Hn?eN) oki ;oeko d[nkok bkr{ ehsk ik fojk
j?.n?eN sfjs oki dhnK skbw/b ew/Nh ns/ oki ekoiekoh ew/Nh Bkwe d' ew/NhnK rfms ehshnK rJh
jB. 19H4H2017 sZe ;wkfie ;[oZfynk, fJ;soh ns/ pkb ftek; ftGkr ps"o B'vb ftGkr B/ e[Zb 899
nk;kwhnK dh gSkD ehsh j?, fiBQK ftu'A 287 ngkji ftneshnK d[nkok GohnK rJhnK jB.nZmthA
iwks sZe d/ ngkji ftfdnkoEh 200$^o[gJ/ gqsh wjhBk ns/ B'thA iwks s'A T[go gVQkJh bJh 300$^o[gJ/
gqsh wjhBk tihcak gqkgs eodk j?.
210
foiBb ;gkJhBb fJµioh ;?ANo, w[jkbh (nkoHn?;HnkJhH;hH)
fJ; gq'rokw sfjs gzikp ;oeko B/ w'jkbh fty/ foiBb ;gkJhBb fJµioh ;?ANo ;Ekgs ehsk frnk. fJj
;?ANo 1999^2000 ftZu ;a[o{ j'fJnk ;h. fJ; ;?ANo dh ;EkgBk bJh g[Zvk s'A 1H45 bZy o[gJ/ d/ gqsh ;kb
bhi p/f;; s/ 5 J/eV dk Xosh dk N[eVk fbnk frnk ;h. fJj ;?ANo gµikp, jfonkDk, fjwkub ns/ iµw{
ns/ ePwho ns/ e/Adoh ;ak;as gqd/;a uzvhrV d/ wohIK ƒ bkG gqdkB eodk j?.fJj ;?ANo ngµr ;a/qDh fit/A
fe p'ba/, r{µr/, B/sojhD, ;ohoe s"o s/ ngkji o'rhnK dhnK b'VK ƒ g{ok eodk j?. fJj ;?ANo
fcfiUEo?gh ;/tktK ns/ ;gkJhBb e'ov ;/tktK iao{oswzd wohiaK B{z gqdkB eo fojk j?. ;kb 2019^20
d"okB 200H00 bZy o[gJ/ dk pZiN nbkN ehsk frnk ;h, fi; ftu'A 200H00 bZy o[gJ/ 167420 wohiaK B{z
vkeNoh ;/tktK d/D bJh you ehs/ rJ/ ;B.;kb 2020^21 bJh 200H00 bZy o[gJ/ dk T[gpzX j?.ftZsh
;kb 2021^22 bJh 50000 wohiaK B{z eto eoB bJh pZiN T[gpzX ftu'A 200H00 bZy o[gJ/ dh nbkNw?AN
ehsh ikDh j?
B/sojhD ns/ ngkji ftneshnK bJh :ksok dh ;j{bs
“B/sojhD ns/ ngkji ftneshnkA dh :ksok dh ;j{bs” ;ehw sfjs B/sojhD ftneshnkA Bz{ w[[cs
:ksok dh ;j{bs fdZsh ikAdh j? ns/ nzrjhD ftneshnkA Bz{ gzikp o'vt/ia ns/ ghHnkoHNhH;hH pZ;K ftZu
fonkfJsh :ksok dh ;j{bs fdZsh ikAdh j?.fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs ;kb 2019^20 bJh 1040H00 bZy o[[gJ/ dk
piN T[gpzX ehsk frnk j?, fi; ftu'A o[[gJ/H 371H52 bZy o[[gJ/ you ehs/ rJ/.ftZsh ;kb 2020^21 bJh
11H00 eo'V o[[gJ/ dk T[gpzX oZfynk frnk j?.
ftPt ftebKr fdt; dk nk:'iB ns/ ngkjiK ƒ oki g[o;eko
ftPt ftebKr fdt; jo ;kb 3 d;µpo ƒ wBkfJnk iKdk j?.fJ; fdB, fJ¤e y/v gq'rokw dk nk:'iB
ehsk iKdk j? ns/ n?BihU$eowukoh$;t?^o[Irko tkb/ ns/ fyvkohnK ƒ T[BQK dh ekor[Ikoh d/ nXko *s/
oki g[o;eko Bkb ;BwkfBs ehsk iKdk j?.ft¤sh ;kb 2020^21 bJh fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs piN ftu
10H00 b¤y o[gJ/ dh oew o¤yh rJh ;h fi; ftu'A 2H50 b¤y o[gJ/ you ehs/ rJ/.
ngkjisk tkb/ ftneshnK d/ nfXekoK bJh n?eN, 2016 (n?;HnkJhHghHvhHJ/H) :'iBk
fJ; bJh, ;otiBe tos'A bJh t¤X s'A t¤X ;µGt fJwkosK$nktkikJh gqDkbhnK ƒ o[ektN ofjs pDkfJnk
ikDk j?.o[ektN w[es tksktoD ngkji b'eK ƒ ;[o¤fyns ns/ nkIkdh Bkb x[µwD ns/ g?dk ehs/ ;kirko
wkj"b d/ nµdo ;j{bsK dh tos'A eoB d/ :'r pDkT[Adk j?. o[ektN ofjs fvIkfJB dk T[d/P fJ¤e nfijk
tksktoD gqdkB eoBk j? i' ftneshnK dh ;[sµso ekoiPhbsk dk ;woEB eodk j't/ sK i' T[j fpBK
;jkfJsk d/ o'IwoQk d/ eµwK ft¤u fj¤;k b? ;eD.

ngkjisk tkb/ ftneshnK d/ nfXekoK bJh n?eN, 2016 d/ bkr{ eoB bJh fJ; ;ehw sfjs j/m
do;kJhnK ;ehwK sfjs sithiaK dh wzr ehsh iKdh j?L^
1) ;oekoh ftGkrK ftZu o[ektN ofjs tksktoD gqdkB eoB bJh wjZstg{oB fJwkosK fit/A fe
e'b?eN'o/N dcaso, ;oekoh :{Bhtof;NhnK, w?vheb ekbi, vthiaB j?v e[nkNo ns/ j'o wjZstg{oB
fpbfvrK ftZu o?Ag, fbcNK, N'nkfbN; dh T[;koh ns/ pdbkt eoBk.
2) ngkji ftneshnK B{z t?p ;kJhN sZe gjz[u eoBk. t?p ;kJhN Bkb ;pzXs jdkfJsK
http://darpg.nic.in s/ T[gbZpX j?.
3) ngkjisk tkb/ ftneshnK d/ nfXekoK bJh n?eN, 2016 ;ehw 100# e/Adoh gq:'fis ;ehw
j?. ftZsh ;kb 2020^21 bJh 5000.00 bZy o[[gJ/ dk piN nbkN ehsk frnk j?.

o[Irko ns/ p/o[Irkoh d/ o[MkB

gµikp B/ feos Pesh ns/
2017^18 dh s[[bBk ftZu, gzikp ftZu n?bHn?cHghHnkoH ftZu fJZe Gkrhdkoh ns/ wId{oK dh
gqsh;as g[[nkfJzN tkXk j'fJnk j?, fJ;/ ;w/A d"okB ok;aNoh gZXo nkpkdh d/ nB[gks ft¤u tkX/
s/ n?bHn?cHghHnko ns/ vpb:{ gh nko ftZu eqwtko 0H4 ns/ dk nB[Gt ehsk j? id'A fe
0H5 gqsh;as g[[nkfJzN ftZu tkXk j'fJnk j?.ghohnv b/po c'o; ;w[¤u/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo s/
;ot/ (ghHn?bHn?cHn?;) 2018^19 d/ nB[;ko gzikp ftZu 15+ 2015^16 s'A pknd froktN
nkJh j?.
 211

;kbkA bJh feos ;aesh Gkrhdkoh dh do (n?bn?cghnko) 47H7# ns/ 15+ ;kbkA bJh toeokA dh nkpkdh
nB[[gks (vpb:{ghnko) 44H2# ojh, fit/A ;koDh 8 ftZu dZf;nk frnk j?. wjkokik oDihs f;zx nkowv
c'of;ia ;oftf;ia go?go/Noh fJz;NhfuT{N tor/ f;js y/so d/ j[[Bo ftek; e/AdokA ns/ ;z;EktkA ;Ekgs
eoB torhnkA tZy tZy gfjbedwhnkA d[[nkok j[[Bo f;ybkJh ns/ o[[iarko d/ w"e/ gqdkB eoB bJh oki
;oeko d/ :sBkA B/ oki ftZu o[[iarko d/ fdq;a Bz{ j[[bkok fdZsk j?.fit/A fe ;koDh 8 ftZu do;kfJnk frnk
j?, p/o[iarkoh do (15 ;kb ikA fJ;s'A tZX T[wo d/ ftneshnkA bJh wkgh rJh) ;kb 2017^18 d/ w[[ekpb/
;kb 2018^19 ftu gzikp ns/ Gkos d'tK ftu p/o[iarkoh dhnkA dokA ftZu ewh nkJh j?.
;koDh 8L gµikp pBkw Gkos ftu o[Irko ns/ p/o[Irkoh d/ ;{ue (#) 15 ns/ fJ; s'A T[go T[wo bJh

gzikp Gkos
2017- 2018- 2017- 2018-19
18 19 18
feos Pesh Gkrhdkoh o/N(15O) 46.5 47.7 49.8 50.2
toeo iB;zfynk nB[gks(15O) 42.9 44.2 46.8 47.3
p/o[irkoh dh do(15O) 7.7 7.4 6.0 5.8
;kXBL ghHn?bHn?cHn?;H, 2017^18 ns/ 2018^19

o[Irko d/ o[MkBL g/Av{^Pfjoh

;koDh 9 ftZu g/;a ehs/ rJ/ nzeV/ dZ;d/ jB fe g/Av{ y/sokA Bkb'A o[[iarko d/ o[[MkB gzikp d/ ;afjoh y/sokA
ftZu w[[ekpbsB fpjso oj/ jB.2018^19 d/ nB[[;ko, g/Av{ ns/ ;afjoh d'tkA gzikp ftZu p/o[iarkoh dh do
eqwtko 7H7# ns/ 7H0# ;h. jkbkAfe, gzikp d/ ;afjoh e/AdokA s/ n?bHn?cHghHnkoH ns/ vpb:{HghHnkoH
g/Av{ e/AdokA Bkb'A s[[bBkswe s"o s/ T[Zu/ jB.fit/A fe ;koDh 9 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?.
2017^18 dh s[[bBk ftZu, g/Av{ ns/ ;afjoh d'tkA ftZu, ;kb 2018^19 ftZu n?bn?cghnko ns/
vpb:{ghnko ftZu tkXk j'fJnk j?.g/Av{ gzikp ftu p/o[iarkoh dhnkA dokA ftu 0H1 gqsh;as d/ tkX/ Bkb
wkw{bh tkXk j'fJnk j?, id'Afe fJj ;afjoh gzikp ftu 0H7 gqsh;as g[[nkfJzN xfNnk j?. ;z:[es o{g ftZu
fJj ;ze/se g/Av{ y/soK d/ w[ekpb/ ;afjoh gzikp ftZu o[iarko d/ p/jso ns/ ;[Xo/ j'J/ gfog/y tZb fJ;akok
eod/ jB, fJ; s'A nZr/ p/o[iarkoh doK ftZu ;afjoh gzikp ftZu ok;aNoh gZXo Bkb'A tZX ;[Xko j'fJnk j?.
;koDh 9L gµikp pBkw Gkos bJh o[Irko ns/ p/o[Irkoh d/ ;{ue (#)^g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh y/so^15 ns/ fJ;
s'A T[go T[wo bJh

g/Av{ Pfjoh
gzikp
2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19
feos Pesh Gkrhdkoh o/N 44.5 46.3 49.6 50.0
toeo iB;zfynk nB[gks 41.1 42.7 45.8 46.5
p/o[irkoh dh do 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.0
g/Av{ Pfjoh
Gkos
2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19
feos Pesh Gkrhdkoh o/N 50.7 51.5 47.6 47.5
toeo iB;zfynk nB[gks 48.1 48.9 43.9 43.9
p/o[irkoh dh do 5.3 5.0 7.7 7.6
;kXBL ghn?bn?cn?;, 2017^18 ns/ 2018^19
212
o[Irko d/ o[MkBL g[oP^n"osK
ok;aNoh gZXo tKr jh gzikp ftZu th o[iarko d/ o[MkB ftZi fbzr n;wkBsk gkDh tyD B{z fwbdh j?. f;oca
fJ;sohnK ftZu xZN n?bn?cghnko ns/ vpb:{ghnko jh BjhA j[zdk, T[jBK p/o[ir a koh do do g[o;aK dh
p/o[iarkoh do do Bkb'A ekcah fiankdk j?. ;koDh^10 ghHn?bHn?cHn?;H 2018^19 nB[;ko g[o;aK d/ w[ekpb/
fJ;sohnK d/ o[iarko o[MkBK dh Mbe g/;a eodh j?. fJ;sohnK d/ 19H1# d/ n?bHn?cHghHnkoH d/ w[ekpb/
g[o;aK dk n?bHn?cHghHnkoH 73H9# j? i' fe bZrGr 4 r[Dk tZX j?. nfijk jh coe g[o;aK ns/ fJ;sohnK
d/ vpb:{ghnko ns/ p/o[iarkoh dhnK doK d/ w[ekpb/ s[bBkswe s"o s/ T[u ;[Xko do;kT[Adk j?.
;koDh 10L gµikp bJh o[Irko ns/ p/o[Irkoh d/ ;{ue (#) ^ g[oP ns/ fJ;sohnK

g[oP fJ;soh

2017- 2017-
2018-19 2018-19
18 18

feos Pesh Gkrhdkoh o/N 74.9 73.9 15.5 19.1

toeo iB;zfynk nB[gks 69.8 68.8 13.7 17.3

p/o[irkoh dh do 6.9 6.9 11.7 9.4

;kXBL ghn?bn?cn?;, 2017^18 ns/ 2018^19

ekfwnK dh y/soh tµv

gµikp ftu wiad{okA dk fJe u"EkJh fjZ;k y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb i[[V/ ;fj y/soK ftu e/Afdqs j?. fJ; s'A
pknd T[sgkdB, tgko ns/ w[[ozws nkT[Ad/ jB. ghn?bn?cn?; 2018^19 d/ nB[[wkBkA nB[[;ko gzikp ftZu
seohpB 25# ekw/ y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pzXs ezwkA ftZu bZr/ j'J/ jB.gzikp N?e;NkJhb, y/vkA d/
;wkB ns/ jbe/ fJzihBhnfozr ;wkB dk e/Ado pD frnk j?. ekfwnK dk fJe wjZstg{oB nB[[gks (19#)
T[sgkdB ftu bZrk j'fJnk j?.T[sgkdB dhnK ;jkfJe rshftXhnkA, tgko ns/ w[[ozws dhnkA ;/tktkA ftZu
oki ftZu wiad{okA dk shik ;G s'A tZvk fjZ;k (14#) bZrk j'fJnk j?.y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb i[[V/ ;fj
y/sokA dk fjZ;k ok;aNoh gZXo s/ b/poc'o; Bz{ o[[iarko d/D ftu gzikp Bkb'A ekcah fiankdk j?.gzikp ftu
f;oc 25# d/ w[[ekpb/ ok;aNoh gZXo s/ 42# s'A tZX ekw/ fJBQkA y/sokA ftu bZr/ j'J/ jB.fJ; s'A fJbktk,
id'A T[sgkdB d{;ok ;G s'A tZvk o[Irkodksk j?, ok;aNoh gZXo s/ bZr/ ekfwnkA dk nB[[gks gzikp d/ b'ekA
Bkb'A ekcah xZN j?.T[;koh ok;aNoh gZXo s/ shik ;G s'A tZvk o[Irkodksk j?.(fuZso 14)
fu¤so 14L Gkos d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp ftu T[g^y/soK ftu ekfwnK dh ;ozuBk

okPNoh o[MkBK Bkb gµikp ftu ekfwnK dh ;ozuBk tZyoh j?

50% 42%
40%
30% 25%
19%
20% 12% 15% 14%11%
12%
10% 5% 5%
0%
Agriculture, forestry Manufacturing Construction Trade and Repair Transport, Strorage
and fishing and Communication

Punjab India

;kXBL ghHn?bHn?cH 2017^18

 213

jkbkAfe gzikp ftZu g[o;a ns/ fJ;sohnK d'tK bJh y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pzXs y/so ;G s'A tZX
o[iarko dksk jB, pkeh ekfwnK dh fbzrtko tzv tZy tZy ;?eNoK ftZu tZy tZy j?. y/shpkVh s'A pknd
T[sgkdB ns/ tgko ns/ w[[ozws oki ftZu g[o;aK bJh gqw~[y o[Irkodksk jB.fJ;d/ T[bN, gzikp ftZu
fJ;sohnK bJh d{;ok ;G s'A tZvk o[Irkodksk f;Zfynk y/so j?.gzikp ftu seohpB fJe u"EkJh
(24H8#) fJ;soh eowukoh f;Zfynk y/so ftu jB.i' f;Zfynk d/ y/so ftu gzikp B{z ekfwnkA dh d{ih ;G
s'A tZX nB[[gks tkbk ;{pk pDkT[Adk j?.f;Zfynk y/so ftZu 36H2# fJ;soh ekfwnkA tkbk n;kw oki ;G s'A
nZr/ j?.
r?o o;wh o[Irko
gµikp ft¤u r?o^y/shpkVh ;?eNo ft¤u fInkdkso ekw/ r?o o;wh ;?eNo ft¤u b¤r/ j'J/ jB. (fu¤so 15)
gµikp ft¤u brGr 53# r?o^y/shpkVh o[Irko r?o o;wh j? ^ noEks, e'Jh fbys ;wM"sk Pkwb BjhA,
fJ; soQK fJj r?o o;wh j?.
fu¤so 15L r?o o;wh r?o^y/shpkVh o[Irko dk gqshPs (# ft¤u)

70% 63.20% 61.70%

60% 55.50% 54.10% 53.10%
51.10% 50.50% 49.70%
50% 47.10%

40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

;kXBL gh n?b n?c n?; 2017^18

B"itkBK ftu p/o[Irkoh

B"itkBkA ftu p/o[iarkoh (15^29 ;kb dh T[wo) fJe fuzsk dh rZb ojh j?H ghn?bn?cn?; 2018^19 d/
nB[[;ko, gzikp ftu fJj 2017^18 ftZu 22# s'A 2018^19 ftZu xZN e/ 21# ofj rJhH fit/A fe fuZso
16 ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?, g[[o;a ns/ n"osK dh p/o[iarkoh dh do 2018 ^19 ftZu th xZN rJh j?.
fu¤so 16L gµikp 2017^18 ns/ 2018^19 ftu B"itkBK dh p/o[Irkoh dh ;fEsh

37%
30%
19% 19% 22% 21%

male female total

Punjab 2017-18 Punjab 2018-19

;kXBL gh n?b n?c n?;2017^18 ns/ 2018^19

214
oki ftu B"itkBK d/ j[BoK ns/ B"eohnK d/ w"fenK ftueko gkV/ ƒ d{o eoB bJh eJh soQK d/ edw u[¤e/
rJ/ jB.oki Go ftu f;js tor/ eJh t¤y^t¤y y/soK ftu j[Bo ns/ f;ybkJh e/Ado ;Ekgs ehs/ rJ/
jB. ‘ngDh r¤vh nkgDk o'Irko :'iBk’ torhnK :'iBktK dk T[d/P B"itkBK ƒ NoK;g'oN ;?eNo ft¤u
T[¤dwh d/ w"e/ gqdkB eoBk j?.;oeko B/ B"itkBK ƒ B"eohnK d/ w"e/ gqdkB eoB bJh Ubk ns/ T[po
torhnK e?p eµgBhnK Bkb fJeokoBkw/ ehs/ jB.fJ; s'A fJbktk, ‘xo xo o'Irko’ ;ehwK sfjs w?rk
gb/;w?AN vokJht $ w?rk ik¤p w/b/ nk:'fis ehs/ ik oj/ jB fiBQK dk T[d/P p/o[Irko B"itkBK ƒ o[Irko
w[¤jJhnk eotkT[Dk j?.
o[[iarko ns/ j[[Bo d/ ftek; Bz{ T[s;akjs eoB bJh tZy tZy ;oekoh gfjbedwhnkA
;kb 2020^2022 bJh oki o[irko
oki ;oeko B/ tZy^tZy ftGkrK ftu fJe bZy eowukohnK dh Gosh eoB dk c?;bk ehsk j?.fit/A
3^7^2020 sZe gzikp ;oeko d/ 305173 eowukoh jB. fJe bZy s'A tZX f;ZX/ e'N/ dhnK n;kwhnK iK sK
tZy^tZy ftGkrK ftu ykbh jB iK foNkfJow?AN dh T[wo 58 ;kb eoB ekoD ykbh j' ikDrhnK. fJjBK
ftu'A fJe bZy ykbh n;kwhnK ftu'A 50000 ftZsh ;kb 2020^21 d"okB ns/ pkeh 50000 n;kwhnK ftZsh
;kb 2021^22 d"okB GohnK ikDrhnK.
B"itkBkA Bz{ o[[iarko w[[jZJhnk eotkT[D dh iao{os d/ wZd/Biao oki ;oeko B"eoh ;zpzXh feZskw[[yh j[[Bo d/ e/
B"itkBkA dh o[[iarko:'rsk Bz{ tXkT[D bJh tZy tZy gfjbedwhnkA eo ojh j?. 2020 (iBtoh s'A Btzpo)
d"okB ;pzXs ftGkr B/ e~[b 21581 noiahnK ofi;No ehshnkA, fiBQkA ftu'A 335 fpB?ekokA Bz{ te?A;h n?eN,
1959 dh bkiawh B'Nhfce/;aB sfjs B"eoh fdZsh rJh ;h. ;kb 2020^21 d/ gfjb/ 8 wjhfBnkA d"okB (1
ngq?b 2020 s'A 30 Btzpo 2020), ftGkr B/ 798 gb/;w?AN e?Ag brkJ/, fiBQkA okjhA 94925 fpB?ekokA B{z
o[[iarko ;jkfJsk gqdkB ehsh ns/ 91360 fpB?ekokA B/ 6t/A w?rk ikp w/b/ okjhA o[[iarko gqkgs ehsk.
o[[iarko ns/ T[Zdw d/ fibQk fpT{o' dh ;EkgBk (vhphJhJh)
oki ;oeko B/, p/o[iarko B"itkBkA dh ;[ftXk bJh Btzpo 2018 ftZu fiabQk o[[iarko ns/ T[Zdw fpT{o'
(vhHphHJhHJhH) dh ;EkgBk ehsh j?. vhHphHJhHJhH o[iarko sbk;a eoB tkfbnk ns/ o[iarko dsktK bJh
jo/e fiabQk ;do w[ekw ftZu o[iarko ;/tktK bJh fJZe ;Nkg gb/Nckow j?. vhphJhJh d[[nkok godkB
ehshnkA w~[y ;/tktkA j/m nB[;ko jBL
iH gb/;w?AN bJh o'iarko w/b/ d/ o{g ftu B"eoh bZGD tkfbnkA ns/ o[iarkodsktK ftueko fB:ws fJzNoc/;
dk gqpzX eoBk
iiH wkor do;aB ns/ eohno dh ;bkj d/Dk
iiiH B"itkBkA dh o[[iarko:'rsk Bz{ tXkT[D bJh Jh j[[Bo f;ybkJh ftu ;jkfJsk
ivH ;t?^o[[iarko, T[Zdw ns/ T[Zdw ftek; dh ;j{bs d/Dk
vH wkJheo' ns/ S'N/ T[d:'rkA d/ nozG bJh p?Ae b'B gqkgs eoB ftZu ;jkfJsk
viH ftd/;ah gb/;w?ANkA dh fJZSk oZyD tkb/ B"itkBkA dk ;woEB eoBk
ftd/;ah o[[iarko dh Gkb eo oj/ B"itkBkA dk ;woEB eoBk ;j{bskA ;/tktK
vhphJhJh d/ nXhB ftd/;aK ftZu gb/;w?AN dh fJZSk oZyD tkb/ B"itkBkA Bz{ b'VhAdh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB bJh
;[ftXk ;/tktK (fit/A fe ftd/;ah w"fenkA pko/ ikDekoh, b'VhAdh wBi{ohA, b'VhAd/ j[Bo, ekT[A;fbzr ns/ j'o
;jkfJsk) T[gbZpX jB.j[D se fiabk pfmzvk, o{gBro, ibzXo, eg{oEbk, b[[fXnkDk, w'rk, gmkBe'N,
gfNnkbk ns/ n?;HJ/Hn?;HBro ftu Gosh J/izNK B{z ;{uhpZX ehsk frnk j?.
 215

wkJh Gkr' nkowv c'of;I gq?go/Noh fJµ;NhfuT{N

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V e'o;L 21

VI e'o;L 21

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Pkwb jB.fJj :'iBk gµikp d/ B"itkBK, yk; eoe/ ;oj¤dh fJbkfenK d/ B"itkBK ns/ nB[;{fus ikshnK
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2020^21 d"okB 2963 B'itkBK B{z nkB bkJhB No/fBzr fdZsh rJh ;h.
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w?rk gb/;w?AN vqkfJt$ w?rk ik¤p w/fbnK okjhA p/o[Irko B"itkBK ƒ o[Irko w[j¤Jhnk eokT[D bJh fJe
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;oeko B/ nk¤BbkJhB fpB?^g¤so wµr/ jB.gµikp ftu gfjbk ;oekoh B"eoh w/bk 21 nr;s 2017 s'A 3
;sµpo 2017 s¤e brkfJnk frnk ;h, fiE/ 9533 T[whdtkoK ƒ fJe oki g¤Xoh ;wkrw ftu fB:[esh
g¤so fd¤s/ rJ/ ;B. fJ; s'A fJbktk, 13177 T[whdtkoK ƒ wkou 2017 ns/ ;sµpo 2017 d/ ftueko
fB¤ih y/so ft¤u B"eoh fd¤sh rJh ;h.d{ik oki g¤Xoh w?rk ik¤p w/bk 20 cotoh 2018 s'A 8 wkou 2017
s¤e fJµihBhnfoµr, nkJhHNhHnkJhH, g"bhN?efBe ns/ f;µrb Nq/v fJµ;NhfuT{N ftfdnkoEhnK dh gb/;w?AN
bJh brkfJnk frnk ;h. oki g¤Xoh ;wkrwK d"okB e[¤b 7378 T[whdtkoK ƒ fB:[esh g¤so fd¤s/
rJ/.gµikp ftu shik w?rk ikp w/bk 12 Btµpo 2018 s'A 22 Btµpo 2018 s¤e brkfJnk frnk ;h.w/b/
d"okB, u[D/ rJ/ 6863 T[whdtkoK ƒ fB:[esh g¤so fd¤s/ rJ/ ;B ns/ 6230 T[whdtkoK ƒ PkoNfb;N
ehsk frnk ;h.fJ; s'A fJbktk ngq?b 2018 s'A Btµpo 2018 s¤e 6231 T[whdtkoK ƒ fB¤ih y/so ft¤u
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216
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;t?^o[Irko$ T[¤dwh ;j{bsK gqdkB eoB bJh bkr{ ehsh rJh fJ¤e BthA :'iBk j?. fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs
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B/ fvgNh efwPBoK$ o'Irko ns/ T[¤dw, fIbQk fpT{o' d/ wkfXnw Bkb fB¤ih ;?eNo d/ ;fj:'r Bkb fJ;
:'iBk ƒ fsnko ehsk j?.
o[Irko f;oiD ns/ f;ybkJh ftGkr (vhHJhHihHNhH), gµikp B/ fJ; :'iBk dh ;cbsk bJh Y[et/A fBih
ndkfonK Bkb ;wM"s/ *s/ d;sys ehs/.vhJhihNh ns/ gqkJht/N eµgBhnK NoK;g'oN ftGkr, g[fb; ftGkr,
gµikp j[Bo ftek; fwPB ns/ j'o bkJhB ftGkrK Bkb skbw/b o¤yd/ j'J/ eµw eodhnK jB.
gµikp ;oeko B/ Gkos dhnK d' t¤vhnK N?e;h nkgq/No eµgBhnK Ubk ns/ T[po Bkb ;wM"sk ehsk j?.
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;koDh 11L ;ehw nXhB o'irko f;oiD

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ngq?b, 2019 s'A wkou, 2020 27455 7897
ngq?b, 2019 s'A June, 2019 0 46
e[ZbL 35398
gµikp j[Bo ftek; fwPB
gµikp j[Bo ftek; fwPB sfjs uko :'iBktK bkr{ ehshnK ik ojhnK jB fiBQK dk T[d/P ftneshnK, yk;
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 217

;odko pjkd[o nwhB uzd ;'Bh nkowv c'of;I gq?go/Noh fJz;NhfuT{N

wjkokik oDihs f;zx dh soia s/ ;odko pjkd[[o nwhB uzd ;'Bh nkowv c'of;ia go?go/Noh fJz;NhfuT{N,
2021 d/ nzs sZe gzikp d/ j[[f;ankog[[o fib// d/ fgzv pkitkVk fty/ ;Ekgs ehsk ikt/rk. fJ; ;z;Ek ftu,
jo ;kb 270 B"itkBkA Bz{ f;ybkJh fdZsh ikJ/rh ;hvhn?;Jh (;z:[es oZfynk oZfynk ;/tktkA gohfynk) $
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pjkd[o nwhB uzd ;'Bh nkowv c'of;ia go?go/Noh fJz;NhfuT{N T[;koh nXhB j?.
 219

nfXnkfJ 2L y/shpkVh, ;pzXs feZs/ ns/ g/Av{ ftek;

gzikp B/ Gkos dh nBki ;[oZfynk ns/ ;t?^fBoGosk Bz{ :ehBh pDkT[D bJh nfjw o'b ndk ehsk j?. fJ;
bJh gzikp B{z Gkos dh nBki gNkoh wzfBnk iKdk j?. gzikp dk G{r'fbe y/so Gkos d/ e[b y/so dk e/tb
1H53 ch;dh j'D d/ pkti{d fJ; B/ ;kb 2019^20 ftu e/Adoh nBki Gzvko ftu uktb ns/ eDe dk eqwtko
20H92 ch;dh ns/ 37H82 ch;dh fjZ;k gkfJnk j?.
gzikp dk y/shpkVh y/so e[b oki w[Zb tkXk (ihHn?;HthHJ/) (2020^21) ftZu 31H6 ch;dh dk :'rdkB gk fojk
j? ns/ fJ; dh 24H6 ch;dh feos Pesh (2018^19) B{z th o[Irko gqdkB eo fojk j?. ;kb 2018^19 ftu
eDe dk MkV ;w[Zu/ Gkos ftu'A ;G s'A tX/o/ ;h ns/ uktb dk MkV d{;o/ ;EkB s/ ;h. Bkpkov d/ ;ot/yD
w[skfpe Gkos d/ okiK ftZu'A, gzikp ftu y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh ;G s'A tX/o/ wkf;e n";s nkwdB ;h. fJj tZy
tZy sZEK tb'A ;zGt pDkfJnk frnk j? fiBQK ftu Pkfwb jB L^
1H T[u seBheh y/sh wPhBheoD
2H g{oB o{g ftu ftef;s f;zukJh ;[ftXktK fit/A fe e[Zb |;bh y/so dk 99 ch;dh y/so f;zikJh nXhB
j'Dk.
3H ;zd ;kXBK dh GothA T[gbpXsk fit/A fe o;kfJDe ykdK, ehN BkPe, ns/ T[ZBs fe;w d/ phi i' fe
jo/ fJBebkp d/ ;w/A s'A tZX s'A tZX w[jZJhnk eotkJ/ ik oj/ jB.
4H ;N'o/i ;[ftXktK, fB:fws wzvhnK dk T[u fte;s skDkpkDk ns/ yohd ;[ftXktK ;w/s T[fus
wzvheoB p[fBnkdh YKukL
fJ; ;?eNo d/ tkX/ ftZu dofwnkB/ tkX/ dk o[MkB tZXdk ik fojk j?, i' fe w[Zy o{g ftu |;bh
y/shpkVh ;?eNo ftu ;[zr/V ekoB j'fJnk j?. fJj fgSb/ ;kbK ftu eJh soQK dhnK n'AeVK ekoB
tkgfonk j?, fi; eoe/ ftfGzBsk d/ jZe ftZu dbhb j'o T[fus ;kps j'Jh j?.
fJ; T[d/P bJh d' pdb j' ;ed/ jBL
1H c;bh ftfGzBsk L uktb ns/ eDe dk T[sgkdB ns/ T[sgkdsk nkgDh uow ;hwK sZe gzj[u u[Zeh j?, Gkt/A
fe gzikp jkb/ th ;G s'A tZX MkV tkb/ ;{fpnk ftZu'A fJZe j?. tXhe o{g ftu M'B/ dh ekPs gkDh nkXkfos j?
ns/ i' fe w[|s fpibh T[gbZpXsk Bkb i[Vh j'Jh j?, fJ; B/ gzikp d/ IwhBh gkDh ;o'sK d/ d[oT[g:'r ftu
tkXk ehsk j?. M"B/ dh fBozso ekPs bJh ;pwo;hpb gzgK dh Io{os j[zdh j? i' tX/o/ wfjzrh j? ns/ ;hwKs/
ns/ xZN IwhBK tkb/ fe;kBK bJh w[Pfeb g/P eodh j?.pkrpkBh d/ Bkb Bkb dkbK ns/ s/bphI c;bh
ftfGzBsk d/ pdb ti'A T[s;kjs eoB dh b'V j?.
2H ;pzXs y/soK tZb gq;EkBL ftP/P o{g ftu gP{XB y/so fJe bkj/tzdK ;o's j? i' fe fgSb/ ;kbK d/ wIp{s
ftek; T[Zgo nkXkfos j?. fJj y/so tksktoD spdhbhnK bJh xZN B[e;kBd/j th j?.

2H1 G{fwek

y/shpkVh ;?eNo B/ y[oke ;[oZfynk ns/ tXhnk g'PD B{z

:ehBh pDkT[D dh wjZstg{oB G{fwek ndk eoB d/ gzikp B/ nBki N'eoh ti'A
Bkb Bkb rohph B{z jNkT[D, g/Av{ nkofEesk B{z T[GkoB e/Adoh nBki Gzvko g{b ftZu
ns/ ;wki d/ tZv/ fjZ;/ B{z o[Irko w[jZJhnk eotkT[D ;kb 2019^20 d"okB M'B/ dk
ftu th pj[gZyh o'b ndk eo fojk j?.y/shpkVh ;?eNo
21# ns/ eDe dk 38# dk
:'rdkB gkfJnk j?.
gzikp dh jh Bjh d/P dh nkfoEesk ftZu th nfjw
wZjssk oZydk j?. ;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2019^20 d"okB
y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs ;?eNoK dk e[Zb oki wZ[b tkXk
220
(ihHn?;HthHJ/) ftZu n";sB 30# :'rdkB ;h ns/ feos Bkb ;pzXs ;ot/yD, ghHn?bHn?cHn?; 2018^19
d/ nB[;ko y/shpkVh ;?eNo B/ gzikp dh ekoi Pesh ftZu fJZe u'EkJh s'A tZX Bz{ o'Irko fdZsk j'fJnk ;h .

gzikp B/ Gkos B{z nBki T[sgkdB d/ y/so ftu ;t?^fBoGo pDkT[D ftu tZvh ;jkfJsk ehsh j?. d/P
ftZu eDe d/ e"wh T[sgkdB d/ wjZstg{oB :'rdkB ekoB gzikp B{z ni/ th d/P dh nBki gNkoh fejk iKdk
j?. ;kb 2018^19 ftu e"wh gZXo *s/ gzikp dk 12 ch;dh s'A th xN oepk eDe dh ekPs nXhB ;h gqzs{
fJ; B/ d/P d/ eDe T[sgkdB ftu 18 ch;dh d/ brGr :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. fJ;/ ;kb ;{p/ B/ d/P d/ uktb
Gzvko ftu 11 ch;dh dk :'rdkB gkfJnk j? id'A fe d/P d/ e[b M'B/ nXhB oep/ dk 7 ch;dh y/so gzikp
ftu M'B/ dh ekPs nXhB ;h.gzikp, d/P ftZu uktb ns/ eDe dh eZ[b e/Adoh g{b yohd ftZu fJZe u"EkJh
s'A th tZX :'rdkB gkT[dk j?.

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jB.fit/ fe Bkpkov nkb fJzvhnk o{ob ckfJBKf;anb fJzBefbTiaB ;ot/ (NAFIS) B/ fJj rZb ;kjwD/
fbnKdh j? fe d/P ftu ;ko/ okiK ftu'A gzikp ftu y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh n";s wkf;e nkwdB ;G s'A tX/o/
j? ns/ jfonkDk tZv/ coe Bkb d{;o/ Bzpo s/ j?.

2H2 y/shpkVh y/so dh ekor[Ikoh

;kb 2020^21 ftZu y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pzXs y/soK d[nkok gzikp d/ e[b oki w[Zb tkXk
(ihHn?;HthHJ/) ftZu ;kb 2019^20 ftZu 28H7 # d/ w[ekpb/ 31H6#
dk :'rdkB gkT[D dh Twhd j?.

;kb 2019^20 d"okB gzikp ftZu y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pzXs
y/soK ftZu 1H81# dh do Bkb tkXk j'fJnk j? ns/ T[whd ehsh ik
ojh j? fe ;kb 2020^21 ftZu th fJ;/ soQK dh tkXk do doI ehsh
ikt/rh i' fe ;kb 2018^19 ftZu doi ehsh do d/ ;wkABnzso j?,
go ;kb 2012^13 s'A 2018^19 d"okB doI ehsh n";s tkXk do
2H1# d/ bZrGr pokpo j?/.;kb 2017^18 d"okB c;bh gkbD ;?eNo ftZu nkJh wzdh ekoB tkXk do ftZu
froktN wfj;{; ehsh rJh.

|;bh T[g^;?eNo dk oki d/ e[b oki w[Zb tkXk (ihHn?;HthHJ/H) ftu ;G s'A tZvk fjZ;k j? i' gzikp d/ ih
n?; th J/ ftu 17H6 ch;dh s'A tX/o/ :'rdkB gk fojk j? ns/ y/shpkVh ihHn?;HthHJ/H dk nZX s'A tZX j?.
c;bh ;?eNo dhnK ftek; doK ftubk T[sokn uVkn ;w[Zu/ ;?eNo dhnK ftek; doK s/ T[sokn uVkn
ftu th BIo nkT[Adk j? (fuZso 17). gqzs{ fJ; ;?eNo d/ ftek; ftu ;[zrVkU nkfJnk j?. ;kb 2020^21
d/ nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe gzikp dk c;bh e[Zb oki w[Zb tkXk (ih n?Z; th J/) ;kb 2019^20 ftu ^1H04
ch;d d/ w[ekpb/ 6H3 ch;d tZX j'D dh ;zGktBk j?. tksktoD T[go fJ; ;?eNo dh tX/o/ fBoGosk th
fJ; d/ ftek; doK ftu T[sokn uVQkn dh ;zGktBk dk ekoB pDdh j?.
 221

fuZso 17L gzikp ftu y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs feZfsnK dk tk;sfte ftek; do

y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pzXs rshftXhnk ftZu c;bK d[nkok ehsk tkXk
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
-2% 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
-4% y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs rshftXhnK c;bK
-6% g;{XB izrbks ns/ bkfrzr
-8%
wZSh cVBK

;kXB L^ noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

d{;o/ gk;/ ;pzXs feZfsnK ftubk ftek; w[ekpbsB ;fEo fojk j?. fJj ;?eNo w[ekpbsB tksktktoD
gfjb{nK T[go xZN fBoGo eod/ jB ns/ Bshi/ ti'A ;fEo ftek; do;kT[Ad/ jB.gP{ gkbD fJE/ fJZe
wjZstg{oB ;?eNo j? fi;B/ ;kb 2012^13 ns/ 2019^20 dofwnkB 5H3# dk n";s tkXk doi ehsk j?.

fJj o'ue sZE j? fe y/sh Bkb i[VhnK rshftXhnK dk e[b oki w[Zb tkXk (ihHn?;HthHJ/) ftZu fjZ;k
tfXnk j?.fJj w[Zy s'o s/ gP[XB ;?eNo eoe/ j'fJnk j? .fJj fjZ;k ;kb 2011^12 ftZu 26H03# s'A tZX
e/ ;kb 2020^21 ftZu 36H23# j' ikD dh ;zGktBk j?( fuZso 18L y/sh Tg ;?eNoK dk :'rdkB) fJj y/sh
Bkb ;pzXs ;?eNoK dk ckow nkwdB ns/ o[Irko ftZu tkX/ dh tZXdh wjZssk do;kT[Adk j?.

fuZso 18 L y/shpkVh d/ ;p ;?eNoK dk fjZ;k

oki d/ ihHn?;HthHJ/ ftZu gP{ gkbD ftZu tkXk doI ehsk ik fojk j?.
120.00%
0.75% 1.09%
100.00% 6.81%
9.16%
80.00% 26.03% 36.23%
60.00%

40.00%
64.07% 55.87%
20.00%

0.00%
2011-12 2020-21

c;bK g;{XB izrbks ns/ bkfrzr wZSh cVBK

;kXB L^ noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

222
2H3 o[Irko
feos Pesh tesh ;ot/yD (ghHn?bHn?cHn?;) 2018^19 d/ w[skfpe gzikp dk y/shpkVh ;?eNo 42H49
ch;d d/ w[ekpb/ 24H59 ch;d ekfwnK (:{i[nb fgqaz;hgb n?Av ;pf;vh nko ;N/N; d/ w[ekpb/) B{z o[Irko
w[jZJhnk eotkT[Adk j?.

g/Av{ y/soK ftu fJj ;?eNo T[gihtek dk w[Ybk ;kXB j? fiE/ e[b g/Av{ ekfwnK dk 38H74 ch;d ekwk
Pesh y/shpkVh ;?eNo ftu ekoi eodh j?.y/shpkVh ;?eNo ftZu g/Av{ wod ns/ n"os ekfwnK dk nB[gks
eqwtko 37H89 ch;d ns/ 42H20 ch;d j?.

2H4 y/shpkVh nkXkfos T[d:'r

oki dh T[u y/shpkVh T[sgkdesk B/ gzikp ftu y/sh nkXkfos :{fBNK dh ;EkgBk d/ tZv/ okj y'bQ/
jB.d/P d/ c{v gqk;?f;zr T[d:'r ;?eNo dhnK e[b ofi;Nov c?eNohnK ftu oki dk 7H31 ch;d fjZ;k j?
(wfB;Noh nk| c{v gqk;?f;zr fJzv;Noh). fJj nKXok gqd/P, skfwbBkv{ ns/ s/bzrkBk s'A pknd u"Ek ;G
s'A tZvk fjZ;k j? (n?wHUHn?cHghHnkJhH,2019)47. T[d:'rK d/ ;kbkBk ;ot/yD 2017^18 w[skfpe fJj
gqk;?f;zr :{fBN (ykd^y[oke, bZeVh ns/ bZeVh T[sgkd,uZwVk ns/ ;pzXs T[sgkd) T[sgkdB ;?eNo dh
e[b oki w{b tkX/ dk 33H5 ch;d jB ns/ T[d:'rK d[nkok o[Irko ftu brkJh feos Pesh 44 ch;d B{z
ezw fdzd/ jB (w";gh)48.nkfXnkJ/ 3 y/shpkVh ns/ T[d:'r y/so d/ ;pzX ftZu ft;Eko g{ote ftuko
tzNkdok eodk j?.

2H5 y/shpkVh T[g^;?eNo

|;bh y/sh
G{wh tos'A dh soshp
fuZso 19L G{wh tos'A Bw{Bk gzikp ftu e[b fog'fNzr y/so dk fjZ;k
joh eqKsh d/ d"o s'A pknd iwhB dk
100% tZvk fjZ;k, c;bK dh ek;s bJh
90% 82%
80% 75%
;wofgs ehsk frnk j?. (fuZso^19)
70%
60% ;kb 2018^19 ftu 41H2 bZy j?eN/no
50% noEks e[b fog'ofNzr y/so dk 82
40%
30% ch;d ekPsekoh nXhB ;h. 1960^61
20% 13% 11%
5% 5% 6% 2% ftu pzio IwhB, tkjh:'r IwhB i' fe
10% 1% 1%
0%
pzio IwhB s'A tZyoh j? T[j 6 ch;d
tD Bk ukb{ pKM pKaM G" phfink
ns/ 5 ch;d s'A ;kb 2018^19 ftu
ekPs:'r G'A s'A fBo'b
fJbktk j'o oepk eqwtko 2 ch;d ns/ 1 ch;d s/ nk
ek;s :''r rJh j?. ;kb 1960^61 ns/ 2018^19
oepk d/ dofwnkB ekPs bJh fJ;s/wkb Bk
ehsh ikD tkbh iwhB 13 ch;d s'A 11
1960-61 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2018-19

ch;d sZe nk rJh j?. fJ; bJh

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVK, ;zrmB

47
Ministry of Food Processing Industries, (2019). Annual Report 2018-19. Government of India
48
MoSPI. (n.d.). Annual Survey of Industries 2016-17. Industrial Statistics Wing, Data Processing Division, Ministry of
Statistics and Programme Implementation.
 223

ekPsekoh nXhB y/so ftu ft;sko dh pj[s jh ;hws r[zikfJP j?.

|;bh xDsk

;kb 2018^19 ftZu gzikp dh c;bh xDsk 190 ch;d dh do Bkb uow ;hwK s/ gjz[u rJh
j?.(fuZso 20) ;kb 1990^91 s'A 1994^95 d"okB c;bh xDsk 180 ch;d s'A ;kb 2010^11 s'A 2014^15
d"okB 190 ch;d s/ gj[zu rJh j?. sd s'A jh oki B/ fJ; T[u gZXoh c;bh xDsk B{z ;cbskg{ote
poeoko oZfynk j?. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ ftu c;bh xDsk e"wh gZXo *s/ 1990^91 ftu 130H01 ch;d s'A tZX
s'A 2014^15 ftu 141H55 ch;d s/ gj[zu rJh j?. fJj gqsZy j? fe e"wh gZXo d/ o[MkBK d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp
ftu G{wh B{z phiD dk pj[gZyh uZeo tX/o/ gqpb j?.

fuZso 20 L gzikp ftu n";s c;bh xDsk (gzi ;kbk n";s) (ch;d # ftZu)

188.56 190.1 189.8

185.94 186.76

180.48
1990-91 to 1994-

1995-96 to 1999-

2000-01 to 2004-

2005-06 to 2009-

2010-11 to 2014-

2015-16 to 2016-
95

00

05

10

15

17
;kXB L^ Gkosh okiK ;pzXh nzeVk ftfrnkB dh nko ph nkJh g[;fsek^G{wh tos'A c;bh xDsk dk oki nB[;ko Bw{Bk

|;bh soshp

ekPs:'r oep/ dk tZvk fjZ;k nBkiK dh ekPsekoh ftP/P eoe/ uktb ns/ eDe bJh tofsnk iKdk j?.
;kb 2019^20 ftu e[b ekPs:'r G{wh dk brGr 91 ch;d y/so nBkiK dh ekPsekoh bJh tofsnk
frnk ;h fi; ftu fSbe/ tkb/ nBki ns/ dkbK Pkfwb jB. e[b ekPs:'r y/so d/ 3H2 ch;d y/so ftZu
egkj dk T[sgkdB ehsk frnk ;h ns/ rzBk ns/ cbK dh ekPsekoh bJh e[b ekPs:'r oep/ d/ eqwtko
bZrGr 1 ch;d G{wh dh tos'A ehsh rJh ;h. eDe^M'B/ d/ T[sgkdB dh ;[fBPfus nkwdB (n?wHn?;Hgh)
d/ ekoB phs/ ;kbK d"okB e[b c;bh y/so ftu fJjBK d/ fjZ;k dk tkXk j'fJnk j?. d{;o/ gk;/ dkbK, wZeh,
s/b tkb/ phiK ns/ d{;ohnK |;bK d/ fjZ;/ ftu gzikp ftu ftP/P o{g ftu ewh nkJh j?. (;koDh^13)
224
;koDh^13 L |;bh y/so dk |;b w[skfpe gqshPs fjZ;k

c;bkA

M'Bk

eDe

wZeh

pkiok

i"A

dkbkA

s/b phi

rzBk

egkj

;pIhnK

cb

j'o c;bkA
;kXBL y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh vkfJoeN'o/N, gzikp

nBki ns/ s/b phi

gzikp ftu e[b |;bh y/so dk tZvk fjZ;k nBkiK d/ T[sgkdB bJh tofsnk iKdk j? ns/ nBki T[sgkdB
ftu tZvk y/so w[Zy o{g ftu eDe ns/ M'B/ dhnK |;bK bJh tofsnk iKdk j?. fJj wZ[y o{g ftu fJjBK
d' |;bK bJh fe;kBK B{z w[jZJhnk eotkJ/ iKd/ xZN' xZN ;woEB w[Zb ekoB :ehBh nkofEe gqkgsh ekoB
j'fJnk j?. fJ; bJh ;kb 2019^20 ftu |;bh T[sgkdB bJh tos/ rJ/ e[b 78H2 bZy j?eN/no y/so
ftZu'A 40 ch;d M'Bk dh ekPsekoh ns/ 45 ch;d eDe dh ekPsekoh bJh tofsnk frnk ;h. eDe ns/
uktb bJh okyt/A ehs/ |;bh y/so d/ tZv/ fjZ;/ ekoB ns/ tX/o/ MkV ekoB gzikp B/ tX/o/ T[sgkdB ehsk
j?. gqzs{ gzikp dh w"i{dk eDe ns/ uktb dh |;bh gqDkbh nkofEe ns/ tksktoD gZy' r?o wkce pD ojh
j? feT[Afe fJ; Bkb G{wh dh T[gikT{ Pesh, gkDh d/ gZXo d/ j/mK ikD ns/ ekPsekoh bkrsK ftu tkX/
ekoB y/sh nkwdB ftu ewh nk ojh j?.
 225

;koDh^14 L gzikp ftu gqw[Zy |;bK dk y/so ns/ T[sgkdB

y/socb (000 j?eN/no) T[sgkdB (000 whNoe NB)

c;bkA 2018^19 2019^20 pdbkn(#) 2018^19 2019^20 pdbkn(#)

nBki 6769 6818 0H72# 31522 30755 ^2H43#

;hohnb 6763 6785 0H33# 31494 30725 ^2H44#

uktb 3103 3141 1H22# 12822 12675 ^1H15#

eDe 3519 3521 0H06# 18257 17616 ^3H51#

wZeh 109 115 5H50# 396 410 3H54#

dkb 30 33 10H00# 28 30 7H14#

S'b/ 2 2 0H00# 3 2 ^33H33#

j'o dkbkA 28 32 14H29# 25 27H7 10H80#

s/b phi 41 40 ^2H44# 60 59 ^1H67#

w{zrcbh 1 1H8 80H00# 3 4 33H33#

j'o s/b phi 40 38H2 ^4H50# 57 55 ^3H51#

rzBk 95 91 ^4H21# 7776 7302 ^6H10#

egkj 268 248 ^7H46# 1223 1207 ^1H31#

e[Zb phihnk y/socb 7839 7825 ^0H18# 40570H2 39263H6 ^3H22#

;kXBL y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh vkfJoeN'o/N, gzikp

226
fuZso 21L gzikp ns/ Gkos ftu |;b w[skfpe MkV 2018^19(feb'rqkw$j?eN/noK ftu)

gzikp ftZu nBki, dkbK ns/ s/b phiK dk tX/o/ MkV dk Gkos Bkb nB[gks
4528

2752

1266 1474
757 909

nBki dkbK s/b phIK

Gkos gzIkp

;kXB L y/shpkVh ftGkr,gzikp ns/ y/shpkVh wzsokbk,Gkos

gzikp dk ;w{Zu/ Gkos dh s[bBK ftZu nBki, dkbK ns/ s/bphIk dk tX/o/ MkV j?. gzikp ftZu nBki dk
MkV ;G s'A tZX j?.gzikp B/ joh eqKsh dh P[o{nks s'A pknd c;bK dk MkV tXkT[D ftZu wjZstg{oB soZeh
ehsh j?(;koDh 15). fJj TZ[u T[Zgi tkbhnK fe;wK d/ phI, ykd ns/ ehNBkPeK dh shpo tos'A ns/
wPhBheoB tkbh y/sh ;zdK ns/ f;zikJh d/ pj[s finkdk ft;Eko ns/ tos'A dk Bshik j?.jkb dh xVh
eDe ns/ M'B/ d/ MkV ftZu yV's doi ehsh rJh j? fJj c;bh ftfGzBsk eoB dh T[ufssk dk fJZe j'o
ekoB j? (nfXnkJ/ 1 ftZu d/y'). s/bphI ns/ dkbK c;bh ftfGzBsK bJh fJZe j'o pdb j' ;ed/
jB.(pke;^5)

;koDh 15 L^ gzikp ftu c;b w[skfpe MkV (feb'rqkw$j?eN/noK ftu)

;kXB L y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh vkfJo?eN'o/N, gzikp

 227

pke; 5L gzikp ftZu s/bphIK ns/ dkbK dh ;zGKth ekPsekoh

s/b phikA ns/ dkbkA d/ c;bh y/so dk gqsh;as fjZ;/ ftZu ekcah froktN nkJh j? (;koDh 13). c;bh y/so
ftu dkbkA dk fjZ;k ;kb 1960^61 ftu 19H1# s'A xN e/ ;kb 2018^19 ftu 0H4# ofj frnk.fJ;/ d"okB
s/b phikA dk fjZ;k 3H9# s'A xN e/ 0H5# ofj frnk.fJj froktN w[Zy s"o s/ eDe ns/ M'B/ d/ T[sgkdB s/
n?wHn?;Hgh d/ o{g ftZu gZeh nkwdBh ti'A eDe ns/ M'B/ dh ek;as eoB bJh gzikp d/ fe;kBkA dh soihj
ekoB nkJh j?. ek;as nXhB ;[zrV oj/ y/so ekoB s/b phikA ns/ dkbkA dk T[sgkdB th xfNnk j?. gzikp
ftu dkbkA dk T[sgkdB 1960^61 ftu 7,09,000 NB s'A xN e/ 2018^19 ftu 27,700 NB foj frnk ns/
s/b phikA dk T[sgkdB 1,21,000 NB s'A xN e/ 59,600 NB ofj frnk.
fJj e/Ado ;oeko tb'A s/b phikA ns/ dkbkA dh dokwd d/ fgS'eV ftu wjZstg{oB j?. vkfJo?eN'o/N iBob
nkca ewno;ahnb fJzB?bhi?A; ns/ ;N?N;fNe; d[nkok gqek;as ;kb 2017^18 d/ nkoiah nB[wkBkA nB[;ko
dkbkA dh Gkosh dokwd dh ehws 28,523H18 eo'V o[gJ/ ;h ns/ s/b phikA dh ehws 393H75 eo'V o[gJ/
;h. gzikp ftu dkbkA ns/ s/b phikA d/ e"wh n";sB MkV Bkb'A tZX j'D ekoB e/Ado ;oeko Gkos ftu s/b
phikA ns/ dkbkA dh tX ojh xo/b{ wzr B{z g{ok eoB bJh gzikp ftu n?wHn?;HghH ns/ fJBQK c;bK dh
gqGktPkbh yohdheoB s/ fpjso fonkfJskA d/ e/ oki dh ;zGktBk dk bkjk b? ;edh j?.
Gkos ftZu ;G s'A tZX dkbkA g?dk eoB tkb/ oki wZX gqd/P, oki;EkB ns/ wjkok;aNo jB. ;G s'A tZX s/b
phi T[sgkdB tkb/ oki wZX gqd/;a, oki;EkB ns/ r[ioks jB. i/ gzikp ftu s/b phikA ns/ dkbkA dk
T[sgkdB u'Nh d/ fszB T[sgkde okikA dh do Bkb tfXnk sK ;kb 2022^23 ftZu s/b phiK ns/ dkbK dk
T[sgkdB n";sB ;kb 1990^91 ns/ 2016^17 d/ T[sgdkB s'A d[ZrDk j' ikt/rk (fuZso 22)H
fJj c;bK ;G s'A tZX g?dk eoB tkb/ j'oBK okiK d/ n";s tkXk (14# dkbK ns/ 12# s/b phi) fojk j?
ns/ Gkos dk fJBQK c;bK dk 2009^18 dk n";s nk:ks brksko tXdk fojk j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftZu gzikp
dkbK d/ 621H33 eo'V o[gJ/ ns/ s/b phiK d/ 5221H60 eo'V o[gJ/ dh ;kb 2027 sZe pZus eoB ftZu wZdd
eo ;edk j?. d{i/ ;apdK ftZu fJ; ;kb 818 fwbhnB vkbo dh ftd/;ah w[dok dh pZus j' ;edh j?.
fuZso 22 L gzikp dhnK dkbK ns/ s/bphiK d/ T[sgkdB d/ tkX/ ns/ ;G s'A tZX T[sgdkB tkb/
okiK (jiakoK NB ftZu) dk tkX/ d/ nkXko s/ nB[wkB

140
120 dkbK 125 s/bphiK
100 110
96 200
80 84 184
60 64 73 150 164
49 56 146
40 38 43 116130
20 3333 3434 34 34 34 34 35 35
100
82 92 103
0 50 65 73
58 58 58 59 59 59 59 59 60 60
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027

0
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027

u'Nh d/ fszB okiK dh ftek; do

gzikp dh n";sB ftek; do

;kXB L dkbK ns/ s/bphiK d/ oki nXkfos T[sgkdB, Gkosh okiK d/ nzefVmnK dh j?Avp[Ze 2019, foiot p?Ae nkca
fJzvhnk d/ nXkos fj;kp
228
pkrpkBh

phs/ tfoQnK d"okB ;pIhnK ns/ nBki T[sgdkB bJh Pkwb y/so ftu tkXk j'fJnk j? ns/ c;bK
nXhB oepk seohpB T[Bk jh fojk j?. (;koDh^16) gzikp ftfGzB y/shpkVh ibtk:{ I'BK dk y/so j? i'
tZy^tZy tzBrhnK d/ cbK fit/A fe feB{z, fwZmk ;zsok, nwo{d, BkPgsh, bhuh, nzp ns/ nkV{ d/ T[sgkdB
bJh :'r j?. fJj PBkys ehsh rJh j? fe y/shpkVh ftu c;bh uZeo ftu ftfGzBsk fbnkT[D bJh w"i{dk
fSbek nkXkos nBkiK d/ T[sgkdB s'A fXnkB jNk e/ T[u ehws tkbhnK tgkoe pk}pkBh |;bK T[rkT[D
TZ[go fXnkB e/Adfos eoBk j't/rk, feT[Afe pk}pkBh ftu gqkgs ehsh gqsh j?eN/no nkwdB fSbe/ tkb/
nBkiK ns/ dkbK Bkb'A tX/o/ j?.

fJ; ;?eNo dh wjZssk B{z gSkDfdnK, gzikp d/ pk}pkBh ftGkr B/ nzfwqs;o ftu nNkoh fty/ g';N
ro?i{J/N fJz;NhfuT{PB nk| jkoNhebuo fo;ou n?Av n?i{e/PB dh ;Ekgsh bJh 100 J/eV G{wh dh
PBkys ehsh j?. fJj ;z;Ek gzikp ;oeko Bkb GkJhtkbh d[nkok fJzvhnB e"A;b |ko n?rohebuo
fo;ou (nkJh ;h J/ nko) d[nkok ;Ekfgs ehsh ikt/rh. fJ; s'A fJbktk G{zrk (j[fPnkog[o) pkdb (;qh
w[es;o ;kfjp) np'jo ns/ Nkjbhtkbk iZNK (ckfIbek) fty/ gzi yZN/ o; tkbhnK gqiksh fwbyK ;Ekfgs
ehshnK rJhnK jB. fJj fwbyK brGr 43646 j?eN/no oep/ B{z eto eoBrhnK ns/ fJ; T[d/P bJh
8174 fe;kBK B{z ofi;Nov ehsk frnk j?.

;kb 2019^20 ftu ;G s'A tX/o/ T[sgkdB d/D tkb/ cb feB{z, nwo{d ns/ nzp ;B. ;G s'A tX/o/ MkV
e/fbnK (56787 feb' rqkw$j?eN/no), nzr{o (30183 feH rqkH$j?eN/no) ns/ feB{z (24,501 feHrqkH$j?eH)
ftu d/fynk frnk. gqzs{ fBzp{ d/ T[sgkdB B/ ;G s'A tX/o/ tkXk 13 ch;d doi eotkfJnk ns/ fJ; s'A
pknd nKtbk dk 8 ch;d ns/ Bk;gksh dk 7 ch;d T[sgkde tkXk doi ehsk frnk.

;koDh 16 L^ pkrpkBh c;bK dk y/so, T[sgkdB ns/ MkV

c;b y/so (j?eN/no) T[sgkdB (n?wNh) T[gi (feb'rqkw $ j?eN/no)

2018- 2019- 2018- 2019-

2018-19 2019-20
19 20 (%) 19 20 (%)
(%)

cb 86774 90466 4 1856845 1972380 6 21399 21802 1.88

feBz{ 53359 54243 2 1254328 1328996 6 23507 24501 4.23

;zsok
ns/ 3080 3118 1 25761 26919 4 8364 8633 3.22
wkbNk

fBzp{ 1102 1245 13 8541 9654 13 7751 7754 0.04

bhuh 2899 3057 5 47130 50091 6 16257 16385 0.79

nwo{d 9172 9645 5 206777 217738 5 22544 22575 0.14

BkPgksh 3332 3501 5 76668 81892 7 23010 23391 1.66

 229

nkV{ 1954 1979 1 34893 35406 1 17857 17891 0.19

nkb{p[yk
315 337 5590 5891 17747 17482
ok 7 5 -1.49

nzr{o 289 280 -3 8261 8451 2 28584 30183 5.59

p/o 1636 1632 0 27503 27553 0 16811 16883 0.43

nkAtbk 605 606 0 8286 8912 8 13697 14706 7.37

e/bk 93 100 8 5388 5679 5 57940 56787 -1.99

nzp 7007 7012 0 118455 118783 0 16905 16940 0.21

;kXB L pkrtkBh ftGkr, gzikp

gP{^XB
y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs feZfsnK nXhB gP{ gkbD fJe pj[s jh bkj/tzd T[g^;?eNo j?, fJ; ;?eNo dk
y/shpkVh e[Zb w{b tkX/ (ihHthHJ/) ftZu fJZe fsjkJh :'rdkB gkT[D Bkb d{;ok ;G s'A tZX ;fj:'r j?. ;kb
2020^21 ftZu fJ; ;?eNo tZb'A 33H37 ch;d s'A tZX fjZ;/ Bkb y/shpkVh e[Zb w{b tkX/ (ihHthHJ/) ftZu
:'rdkB gkT[D dh T[whd j?.fJ; ;kb 2019^20 ftZu 6H5# dh do Bkb tkXk j'fJnk j?. ;kb 2012^13 s'A
2019^20 d/ d"okB gP{^XB y/so B/ |;bh y/sh d/ 0H8 ch;dh d/ w[ekpb/ 5H30 ch;dh d/ n";s ftek; B{z
doi eotkfJnk j?, c;bh y/sh d/ w[ekpb/ e[dosh gfjb{nK T[go ;p^;?eNo dh xZN fBoGosk fit/A fe
po;ks, G{wh tzBrh ns/ tksktoD gq;fEshnK fJ; B{z nkwdB tkX/ dk tX/o/ ;fEo ;kXB pDkT[AdhnK jB.
fJj ;p^;?eNo nkwdB dk wjZstg{oB ftebg j? ns/ gzikp d/ g/Av{ gfotkoK bJh w[ezwb$gkoN NkJhw
o[Irko dk ;kXB j?. Gkos ftu (2012^13) y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh nkwdB, you, T[sgkdB, ;zgshnK
ns/ eoI/ ;pzXh n?BHn?;Hn?;HUH fog'N d/ w[skfpe gzikp gP{^XB s'A 5,303 o[gJ/ n";s wkf;e nkwdB
gqkgs eoB tkbk d{;ok oki j?, jfonkDk 6,089 o[gJ/ dh wkf;e nkwdB tkbk gfjbk oki j?. gP{^XB s'A
gqkgs j'D tkbh e[b n";s wkf;e gqkgshnK ftZu'A 91H6 ch;dh dk :'rdkB e/tb d[ZX T[sgkdB d[nkok
gkfJnk frnk j?.

gP{^XB rDBk^2019 d/ w[skpe Gkos d/ e[Zb gP{^XB dk 1H3 ch;dh fjZ;k gzikp dk j?. gP{^XB frDsh
ftu ;G s'A tZvk fjZ;k (57H4ch;dh) wZMK dk j? ns/ fJ; s'A pknd d'rbh B;b ns/ d/;h B;b d/ gP{
nkT[Ad/ jB (fuZso^23) d'rbh B;b d/ gP{nK dk fjZ;k ;kb 2012 ftu 25H4 ch;dh s'A tX e/ 2019 ftu
29H43 ch;dh j' frnk j?. fJ; s'A gP{nK dh T[u T[sgkdesk d/ tXd/ fjZ;/ dk gsk th brdk j?. gP{nK
dh T[u^T[sgkdesk d/ tXd/ fjZ;/ s'A fJj sZE ;kjwD/ nkT[Adk j? fe ;kb 2019^20 (n?BHvhHvhHphH)49 ftu
gzikp ftu d[ZX dh T[gbZpXsk 1035 gqsh rqkw gqsh fdB d/P ftu ;G s'A tZX j?. gzikp dk Gkos dh e[Zb
g'bNoh ftZu 2H1 ch;dh dk fjZ;k j?.

49
National Dairy Development Board. (nd). Per capita availability of Milk by States. Available at
https://www.nddb.coop/information/stats/percapitavail
230
fuZso 23L gzikp dh w[ezwb gP{^XB ftu gP{nk dk fjZ;k

gzikp d/ gP{XB ftZu wZMK dk fjZ;k ;G s'A tZX j?.

6.7% 6.5% 7.2%

63.6% 57.4%
69.6%

6.1%
4.5%
5.9%
25.4% 29.3%
17.8%

2003 2012 2019

nzso iksh gP{ d/Ph gP{ wZMk j'o

;kXBL^ tZy^tZy ;kbK *s/ nXkos gP{^XB rDBk

;koDh^17L gzikp ftu d[ZX,whN ns/ nzvk d/ T[sgkdB ftu ftek;

nkT[Ng[ZN tkXk

d[ZX
(000 whN
;kb NB) (000 NB) nzv/ (bZy) d[ZX (#) whN (#) nzv/ (#

;kXBL^ w{ZYb/ gP{gkbD nzeV/,2019

gzikp ftu ;kb 2018^19 ftu 6H3 ch;dh d/ w[ekpb/ 2019^20 ftu d[ZX T[sgkdB ftu 5H9 ch;dh dk
tkXk j'fJnk I' fe 0H4 ch;d dh wkw{bh froktN do;k fojk j? . ;kb 2019^20 d"okB nzvk T[sgkdB
 231

ftZu fgSb/ ;kb d/ 7 ch;dh d/ w[ekpb/ 1H7 ch;dh dk tkXk j'fJnk.fdbu;g rZb fJj j? fe whN
T[sgkdB B/ 2018^19 ftu 16H3 ch;d dh froktN d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb 2019^20 ftZu 8H7 ch;d dk tkXk
doi eotkfJnk j?. fgSb/ ;kb d/ 10H8 ch;dh tkX/ d/ w[ekpb/ 16H3 ch;dh dk fBxko doi eotkfJnk.
;kb 2013^14 s'A 2019^20 d/ ;w/A d"okB gzikp ftu d[ZX, whN ns/ nzv/ T[sgkdB ftZu eqwtko 4H6 ch;dh
2H9 ch;dh ns/ 6H1 ch;dh dk n";s tkXk do;kfJnk frnk j?.

gzikp ;oeko, ;{p/ ftu ftP/P s'o s/ fpjso B;b tkbhnK rktK ftu tkXk eoe/ gzikp B{z Gkos d/ v/noh
;{p/ ti'A fte;s eoB dk :sB eo ojh j?. gP{ gkbD ftGkr,gzikp d/ w[skpe ;kb 2019^20 ftu oki
ftu 33,83,471 w;B{Jh thoi XkoB ehsk frnk ;h. gP{ f;js ;zGkb bJh gzikp e'b fJe ft;fsqs gP{
gkbD p[fBnkdh YKuk w"i{d j?. ;oeko e'b 1367 t?NoBoh j;gskb, 1489 ;EkJh fv;g?A;ohnK ns/
thoi XkoB :{fBN, 22 g'bhebhfBe, 1423 t?NoBoh n|;o ns/ 2,010 t?NoBoh nfXekoh dk B?Ntoe
w"i{d j?.;kb 2019^20 d'okB gzikp ftu gqsh 5610 gP{XB fgZS/ fJZe t?NoBoh ;z;Ek T[gbZpX j?.

gzikp t?NoBoh Nhek ;z;EkB, b[FfXnkDk Bz{ ihHn?wHgh(uzr/ fBowkD nfGnk;) fB:wK nB[;ko ngrq/v ehsk
ik fojk j?, gzikp ftZu nkoHe/HthHtkJh ;ehw nXhB 32H00 eo'V o[gJ/ d/ czvK Bkb gP{nK ftZu gqufbs
fpwkohnK Bz{ o'eD bJh tZy^tZy fePwK d/ NhfenK dk T[sgkdB ehsk frnk j?.ghHthHthHnkJh,b[fXnkDk B/
;?Zb ebuo ebkf;e ;tkfJB chto Nhe/ dk T[skgdB Bth seBhe Bkb ;[o{ ehsk j?,fJ; soQK
nkJhHthHnkoHnkJh, fJisBro, po/bh Bkb gdkoE spdhbh ;wM's/ s/ j;skyo eoB s'A pknd gzikp fJ;
Nhe/ d/ T[sgkdB tkbk d/P dk gfjbk oki pD frnk j?.

;kb 2018^19 d"okB 20H47 eo'V o[gJ/ dh bkrs Bkb i?B/fNe ;[Xko d[nkok wZMK dhnK B;bK Bz{ fpjso
pDkT[D bJh ns/ wZMK d/ fJe T[Zu ;w{j Bz{ ;Ekgs eoB d/ T[d/; Bkb wZMK bJh y/soh y'I ns/ f;ybkJh
e/Ado,fgzv p{j, fibQak soB skoB fty/ pDkfJnk ik fojk j? I' fe 2023 sZe g{ok eo fbnk ikt/rk.

12H84 eo'V o[gJ/ dh bkrs Bkb gzikp ftZu gP{nK d/ gkbD g'PD, ftek; ns/ gq;ko d/ T[d/; bJh r'e[b
rokw dh ;EkgBk fgzv phV d[;KM ,BkGk fty/ ehsh rJh j?.

92H14 eo'V o[gJ/ dh bkrs Bkb okwg[ok c{b, fibQk pzfmvk fty/ B'itkBK ftZu gP{^gkbD ;?eNo Bz{
T[s;kfjs eoB bJh fJZe t?NBoh ;kfJz;I dk BtK ekbi ;Ekgs ehsk ik fojk j?.

oki d/ ;ko/ fgzvK ftZu n?BHJ/HnkJhHgh (B?PBtkJhv nkoNhfcPhnb fJBP?whB/PB gq'rokw),Gkos ;oeko
nXhB thoi tkbhnK 11 bZy :'r wZMK ns/ gP{nK bJh w[cs wB;{Jh thoi d/ Yzr bkr{ eoB/ ukjhd/ jB.
wB;{Jh thoi tkb/ gP{nK d/ ezBk ftZu 12 nzeK tkbk N?r brkfJnk ik fojk j? ns/ T[jBK dk v?Nk
nkJhHJ/Hn?BHn?c d/ ;kcNt/no Bkb okPNoh v?Nk p/; s/ ngb'v ehsk ik fojk j?/ .

;kb 2020^21 d"okB np'jo ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb brd/ fJbkfenK ftZu gP{nK Bz{ pj[^gZyh gP{ fufefs;e
;/tktK w[jJhnk eotkT[D, gP{nK dk T[sgkdB tXkT[D ns/ fe;kBh nkwdB tXkT[D bJh fibQk ckfibek d/
fgzv ;gKtkbh ftZu 62H14 eo'V o[gJ/ dh bkrs Bkb pj[ gZyh gP[ fufefs;k j;gskb ns/ y/soh y'I e/Ado
;Ekfgs ehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; bJh ;kb 2020^21 d"okB 15H02 eo'V o[gJ/ d/ gqtkfBs pZiN ftZu'A
10H00 eo'V o[gJ/ ikoh ehs/ rJ//.fJj gq'i/eN ;kb 2026^27 d"okB g{ok j' ikt/rk.

gzikp ;oeko B/ oki d/ gP{nK dh fpjso ns/ e[Pb t?NoBoh d/yGkb ns/ gqpzXB bJh d;zpo 2020 ftZu
117 t?NoBoh nfXekoh fB:[es ehs/ rJ/ jB.

10 thA ns/ 11 thA gP{XB u?ghnBfPg n?Av n?e;g'^2017 ns/ 2020L 01 s'A 05 d;zpo 2017 ns/ 27
cotoh s'A 02 wkou,2020 Bz{ fgzv ikjbK (gfNnkbk) ns/ pNkbk (r[odk;g[o) fty/ eotkfJnk frnk, fi;
ftZu tZX d[ZX d/D tkb/ ns/ fpjso B;b w[ekpfbnK d/ i/s{ gP{nK d/ wkbeK Bz{ eqwtko 1H25 eo'V o[gJ/
ns/ 2H00 eo'V o[gJ/ d/ fJBkw tzv/ rJ/.
232
12 thA u?ghnBfPg n?Av n?e;g'^2020^21 L 16 s'A 20 wkou,2020^21 Bz{ pNkbk (r[odk;g[o) fty/
eotkfJnk ikt/rk.
Gkos (2012^13) ftu y/shpkVh gfotkoK d/ nkwdB, you T[sgkdB ;fEshnK ns/ eoI/ d/ ;pzX ftu
n?ZBHn?Z;Hn?Z;HUH dh fog'N w[skpe gqw[Zy okiK ftu gP{nK d/ gkbD ns/ ;KG^;zGkb T[Zgo nB[wkBs n";s
wk;e you gzikp ftu ;G s'A tX/o/ noEks 3,561 o[gJ/ j?. gzikp ftu gP{nk dh ;KG^;zGkb ftu 82H9
ch;dh n";s wk;e you gP{ chv T[Zgo ehsk iKdk j? id'A fe ;op Gkosh gZXo s/ 77 ch;dh n";s wk;e
you gP{ chv T[Zgo ehsk iKdk j?. w[ekpbsB gP{ chv T[Zgo gzikp ftu tX/o/ you dk tZvk ekoB fJj j?
fe fJZE/ gP{ uokrkjK xZN jB ns/ tX/o/ soihj |;b T[sgkdB T[Zgo fdZsh iKdh j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu
gzikp d/ e[Zb G{r'fbe y/so50 dk 0H08 ch;dh y/so ;EkJh gP{ uokrkjK ti'A tofsnk frnk ;h.

wZSh gkbD

w?dkBh G{rf' besk ekoB gzikp ftu wZSh gkbD fJe wjZstg{oB ;p^;?eNo BjhA j?.fJj fuZso 24 s'A
d/fynk ik ;edk j? fi; ftu ;kb 2018^19 bJh oki^w[skpe wZSh T[sgkdB do;kfJnk frnk j?.fit/A fe
;zGktBk j? T[; nB[;ko gzikp, pj[s ;ko/ sZNh okiK fit/A nKXok gqd/P, gZSwh pzrkb, r[ioks nkfd s'A fgZS/
j?. fJ; gqeko ;w[Zu/ y/shpVh ns/ ;pzXs feZfsnK d/ e[b oki w{b tkX/ (ihHn?Z;HthHJ/) (;kb 2020^21
ftu 1H09 ch;dh) ftubk ;hws :'rdkB e'Jh j?okBh tkbh rZb BjhA j?.wjKwkoh d/ gqe'g d/ pkti{d fJ; B/
;kb 2012^13 ns/ 2018^19 dofwnkB ;bkBk n";s ftek; d/ 5H09 ch;dh d/ Bkb^Bkb ;kb 2020^21
ftu 2H56 ch;dh dh do Bkb ftek; ehsk j?.

fuZso 24 L ;kb 2018^19(nkoih) ftu wZSh T[skgdB, NBK ftu

gzikp dk wZSh T[sgkdB d{i/ okiK d/ w[ekpb/ fJ; d/ G{whrs G{r'fbe ekoB xZN j?
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

;kXBL^ y/shpkVh d/ nzeV/, fJe Mbe, 2019

50
Statistical Abstract of Punjab
 233

gzikp dh w?dkBh (r?o sNh) G{r'fbe ;fEsh ekoB wZSh dk T[sgkdB d{;o/ sZNtosh okiK Bkb'A xZN
j?.nzdo{Bh (fJzBb?Av) ib ;o'sK ftZu gzikp dk wZSh T[sgkdB ;kb 2017^18 ftZu 136H6 jiko NB ;h ns/
;kb 2018^19 ftZu wZSh T[sgkdB ftZu (135H8 jiko NB) 0H3 ch;d dh wkw{bh froktN d/yh rJh ;h i'
fe d{i/ b?Avb'e okiK d/ n";sB wZSh T[sgkdB (167H9 jiko NB) s'A xZN j? .

gzikp ;oeko oki ftZu wZSh T[sgkdB tXkT[D bJh eJh gfjb edwhnK eo ojh j?.fe;kBK dh nkwdB
tXkT[D ns/ gqGkfts G{wh Bz{ tos'A ftZu fbnkT[D d/ dZ[tb/ wzst Bz{ g[ok eoB fjZs yko/ gkDh Bkb gqGkfts
y/soh fifbQnK ftZu wZSh gkbD d/ ;fGnkuko Bz{ fbnkT[D bJh eJh T[gokb/ ehs/ ik oj/ jB. ;kb
2020^21 d"okB fwZE/ 6000 J/eV d/ w[ekpb/ 1865H48 J/eV BtK y/socb wZSh T[sgkdB ftZu fbnKdk
frnk ns/ 42224H85 J/eV d/ Nhu/ d/ w[ekpb/ 35021H02 J/eV g[okD/ y/so d/ T[sgkdB j/m oykt ehsk
frnk.;kb 2020^21 d"okB ;oekoh wZSh phi ckow ftZu 1800 bZy o[gJ/ d/ Nhu/ d/ w[ekpb/ ;oekoh
phi ckowK fty/ 1248 bZy o[gJ/ dk wZSh gz{r g?dk ehsk frnk.;t?^o'irko Bz{ T[s;kfjs eoB bJh fJ;
;?eNo ftZu 3842 bkGgksohnK Bz{ wZSh gkbD dh f;ybkJh fdZsh rJh ns/ wZSh gkbek Bz{ p?Ae b'B tZi'A
329H10 bZy o[gJ/ dh ;jkfJsk gqdkB ehsh rJh.

j'o gfjbedwhnK
MhArk wZSh gkbD ftZu tkXk

MhAr/ d/ T[gskdB B{z tXkT[D, Bt/A$w"i{dk MhArk gkbeK B{z f;ybkJh w[jZJhnk eotkT[D, fwZNh ns/ gkDh dh
e[nkbNh B{z u?e eoB nkfd d/ wzst Bkb fgzv JhBk y/Vk, fiabQk ;aqh w[es;o ;kfjp fty/ fJZe v?wk;No/;aB
ckow^ew^Nq/fBzr ;?ANo dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh j?.

oki d/ yko/gB Bkb gqGkfts dZyDh^gZSwh fiafbQnK d/ ftek; bJh MhArk gkbD dh ;ao
[ {nks eotkJh rJh j?
ns/ j[D fJ; dk g;ko eotkfJnk ik fojk j?. ;kb 2016 ftZu fJZe J/eV oep/ s'A ;a[o{nks eod/ j'J/
MhArk gkbD nXhB oepk ;kb 2019^20 ftZu 410 J/eV sZe gjz[u frnk.

wZSh chv fwZbK dh ;EkgBk

wZSh T[sgkdB ns/ T[sgkdesk d/ tkX/ ftZu wZShnK B{z uzrh r[DtZsk tkbh chv wjZstg{oB o'b ndk eodh
j?. fJ; T[d/P bJh nzfwqs;o, o{gBro, cohde'N, cfsjrVQ ;kfjp, pfmzvk ns/ gfNnkbk fty/ Bhb/
fJBebkp nXhB e/Ado tZb'A gq:'fis ;ehwK nXhB tZy^tZy ;oekoh wZSh gz{r ckowK fty/ 6 wZSh chv fwZbK
;Ekgs ehshnK rJhnK jB. j[f;nkog[o, Pjhd Grs f;zx Bro, b[fXnkDk, ;zro{o ns/ fco'Ig[o fty/
nkoHe/HthHtkJhH ;ehw nXhB 5 j'o fwZbK ;Ekgsh dh gqfefonk gqrsh nXhB j?.

oki ftZu tXhnk e[nkbNh d/ wZSh g{zr dh T[gbpZXsk B{z tXkT[D bJh fgzv feZfbnK tkbh fiabQk ckfiabek
fty/ 10H10 eo'V o[gJ/ dh gq'i?eN ek;N Bkb fJZe Bt/A ;oekoh wZSh g{zr ckow dh ;EkgBk dk ezw ;a[o{
ehsk frnk j?. ckow dh T[;koh dk ezw gqrsh nXhB j?.

wZSh T[sgkdB seBb'ih ftu BthBheoD

G{wh ns/ gkDh d/ ;hws ;q'sK B{z wZd/Bio oZyd/ j'J/ oki ftu gfjbh tko fJe BthB T[Zu^xDsk wZSh
T[sgkdB seBb'ih nk| pkfJU^cb'e fcP ebuo P[o{ ehsh ikt/rh. fJ; seBhe ftu sbkn ftu fwbkJ/
rJ/ wkJheo'pi Bkb wZShnK d[nkok SZv/ wb B{z wZSh chv ftu spdhb ehsk ikt/rk. fJ; seBhe d/ 2
bkG jB (T) gkDh dh r[DtZsk dh ;zGkb (n) chv dh ehws ftu ewh. fJ; seBhe Bkb Bk e/tb ;hws
y/so ftZu'A tX/o/ wZSh T[sgkdB eoB ftu ;|bsk fwb/rh pbfe fJ; Bkb fe;kBK d/ bkG ftu th tkXk
j't/rk.
234
ftGkr B/ ;kb 2019^20 d"okB fJe j'o bkj/tzd wZSh T[sgkdB seBb'ih P[o{ ehsh j? fi; B{z
oh^;oe{b/Noh n?e{nkebuo f;;Nw (RAS) fejk iKdk j?. fJj fJe BthA wZSh T[sgkdB seB'bih j?
fi; d[nkok fB:zfsqs tksktoD ns/ tos/ rJ/ gkDh d/ fJBv'o N?AeK ftu wZSh gkbD d[nkok tX/o/ wZSh
T[sgkdB gqkgs ehsk ik ;edk j?. fJj seBhe fe;kBK d/ bkG ftu tkXk eo/rh. oki ftu nfij/ d'
:{fBNK dh ;Ekgsh gqrsh nXhB j?.

gqXkB wzsoh wsZ;: ;zgdk :'iBk

Gkos ;oeko tb'A BthA ;a[o{ ehsh ;ehw “gqXkB wzsoh wsZ;: ;zgdk :'iBk” B{z wZSh gkbD ftGkr, gzikp
tb'A oki ftZu bkr{ ehsk frnk j?. fJ; ;ehw nXhB wZSh gkbD ftGkr tb'A Gkos ;oeko gk;'A ;kb
2020^21 ftZu 45H82 eo'V o[gJ/ dh ok;ah gzikp Bz{ ikoh ehsh rJh j?. fi; ftZu'A 5H68 eo'V o[gJ/ dh
ok;ah Bkb oki ftZu wZSh gkbD d/ y/so d/ ftek; bJh eJh Bt/A gq'i?eN bkr{ ehs/ ikDr/.

T) e'ftv^19 wjKwkoh d"okB g/;a nkJhnK w[;aebK, ftGkr tb'A ehs/ rJ/ :sB ns/ ftGkr dhnK
T[gbZpXhnKL^
wZSh gkbD ftGkr, gzikp tb'A e'ftv^19 wjKwkoh d"okB bkevkT{B d/ ;w/A ns/ pknd ftZu fJ; d/ gqGkt B{z
xNkT[D bJh ;ys fwjBs ns/ ;[fjod :sB ehs/ rJ/ jB. wZSh g{zr T[sgkdB dh rshftXh wZSh gkbD d/
feZs/ dk fJZe nfjw fjZ;k j?. gzikp oki ftZu fe;kBK tb'A ekog fe;w dh wZSh dk gkbD ehsk iKdk j?
fi;dk g{zr ;kb ftZu fJZe tko wkou s'A ;szpo wjhB/ sZe jh T[gbGX jz[dk j?. i/eo fJj ;wK fBeb ikt/
sK iK sK fe;kB B{z tZv/ ;kJhia dk g{zr tZX Gkn s/ yohdDk g?Adk j? iK nrb/ ;kb sZe dk fJzsiako eoBk
g?Adk j?. wZSh pohfvzr dk ;wK ;a[o{ j[zd/ jh d/;a Go ftZu bkevkT{B bZr frnk. fFe;kBK s/ bkevkT{B d/
gqGkt B{z xNkT[D bJh j/m fby/ nB[;ko edw u[Ze/ rJ/L^

• wZSh pohfvzr ns/ wZSh g{zr ;gbkJh dh ;[ftXk B{z oki d/ ;ko/ ;oekoh wZSh g{zr ckowK s/
bkevkT{B d/ ;w/A d"okB th fBoftxB ikoh oZfynk frnk. e'ftv^19 ;w/A d"okB wkou s'A ;szpo,
2020 d/ nzs sZe ;oekoh wZSh g{zr ckowK s'A 1381H72 bZy wZSh g{zr dk T[sgkdB ehsk frnk.
wZSh gkbD ftGkr d/ eowukohnK ns/ wZSh ek;asekoK bJh ;oekoh wZSh g{zr ckowK s'A wZSh g{zr
ns/ ;pzXs d[ekBK s'A wZSh dh chv b?D bJh nktkikJh dh fJiakias ;pzXh ;ko/ fiafbQnK d/ fiabQk
gq;ak;aB B{z p/Bsh ehsh rJh. b'V g?D s/ ftGkr tb'A wZSh g{zr fe;kBK B{z T[BQK d/ sbkpK sZe
T[gbpZX eotkfJnk frnk.
• wZSh g{zr dh ;gbkJh, ;Nkfezr nkfd ;pzXh wZSh fe;kBK B{z n?;Hn?wHn?;H ns/ tN; n?g w?;/iK
okjhA brksko n?vtkJhiaohnK ikoh ehshnK rJhnK.
• fJBQK jkbksK d/ pkti{d fe;kBK B{z brksko T[s;akfjs ehsk frnk. MhAr/ dk g{zr wJh d/ nyhob/
jcas/ ftZu T[gbpZX j'fJnk ns/ fe;kBK tb'A j'bh^j"bh MhAr/ d/ g{zr dh ;Nkfezr ;a[o{ ehsh rJh.
• e'ftv^19 wjKwkoh d/ pkti{d fJ; ;kb fe;kBK tb'A gq;z;k:'r 397 J/eV oep/ ftZu MhArk gkbD
ehsk frnk, MhAr/ dh 788 NB c;b gqkgs j'Jh i' fe fgSb/ ;kb 750 NB ojh ;h. sZNtosh
fJbkfenK ftZu e'ftv^19 ekoB xZN MhArk T[sgkdB j'D ;dek gzikp d/ fe;kBK B{z MhAr/ dh c;b
dk n";sB 350^400 o[gJ/ gqsh feb' tXhnk w[Zb gqkgs j'fJnk fi; Bkb T[BQK dk w[Bkck fgSb/
;kb d/ w[ekpb/ pj[s tZX frnk.
• ftGkr tb'A gq;ko ;/tktK ns/ wZSh gkbD ;pzXh w[ZYbh f;ybkJh B{z poeoko oZfynk j?. 10
i[bkJh, 2020 B{z ‘fc;a ckowo v/’ ns/ 21 d;zpo, 2020 B{z ‘tobv fc;aohia v/’ s/ oki d/ ;ko/
fiafbQnk ftZu ikro{esk e?Ag brkJ/ rJ/. fJ; d"okB ftGkr tb'A e'ftv^19 wjKwkoh bJh ikoh
rkJhvbkJhBK dk g{ok gkbD ehsk frnk.
 235

• fJ; w[;aeb ;w/A d"okB th ftGkr d/ nc;oK tb'A p?B ehsh rJh wZSh EkJh wr{o dh fteoh B{z
o'eD bJh ;w/A^;w/A s/ u?fezrK ehshnK rJhnK sK fe nkw iBsk dh f;js Bkb e'Jh fybtkV Bk
j't/.

2H6 y/shpkVh ekor[iakoh Bkb gqGkts sZE

po;ks
Gkt/A gzikp e'b Gog{o f;zukJh bJh T[fus f;zukJh ;[ftXktK gqkgs jB ns/ po;ks T[Zgo ;hws fBoGosk
j?. fco th jVK d[nkok |;bK d/ B[e;kB ekoB po;ks, y/shpkVh nkwdB ftu spdhbh bJh wjZstg{oB
gqGkt ndk eo ;edh j?.;kb 2019 d"okB oki ftu 578H6 fwHwhH po;ks j'Jh ns/ ;kb 2018 ftZu
598H3 fwHwh po;ks j'Jh. ;ko/ fIfbnK ftu po;ks dk gZXo tZy^tZy fojk fit/A f|o'ig[o ftu 107H2
fwHwhH ns/ r[odk;g[o ftu 1306H9 fwHwhH po;ks j'Jh. fuZso 25 ftu ;kb 2018 d"okB oki d/
fifbQnK ftu n";s w[zewb n;b po;ks ns/ nkw po;ks Bkb'A coe do;kfJnk frnk j? (fit/A ;kb
1951 s'A 2000 sZe po;ksh foekovK s'A gsk bZrdk j?)

fuZso 25L fIbQ/ w[skpe n";s ;kbBk po;ks ns/ nkw Bkb' coe 2018 (ch;dh #)

eJh fifbnK ftZu pkoP, fco'Ig[o fztZu 107H2 fwHwh s'A r[odk;g[o ftZu 1306.9 fwHwh
d/ ftueko doi ehsh rJh.
1400 40%
1200 20%
1000 0%
800 -20%
600 -40%
400 -60%
200 -80%
0 -100%

whAj (fwHwh) ;kbkBk whAj dk tjkn

;kXB L^ noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp, 2018^19, Gkosh w";w ftfrnkBe ftGkr.

gzikp tZy^tZy gqeko dhnK e[dosh w[;hpsK s'A gqGkfts jz[dk j?. ;{p/ dk tZvk G{r'fbe y/so jVQ gqGkfts j?
gqzs{ fJ; ftZu'A tX/o/ fjZ;k jVQ fB:zsqD T[gukoK d[nkok ;[oZfyns eo fbnk ikdk j?. ;w/A^;w/A s/ gzikp
ftu rV/wkoh th jz[dh j? i' yVhnK |;bK B{z B[e;kB gj[zuk fdzdh j? (r[bkNh, okfJ ns/ j[;?B, 2017). ;kb
2017^18 d"okB fB:fws po;ks ekoB |;bK dk pj[s xZN B[e;kB j'fJnk. B[e;kBhnK rJhnK |;bK dh
ehws 2,46,000 o[gJ/ j? ns/ gqGkfts y/so e[Zb |;bh y/so dk e/tb 0H02 ch;dh j?. gqzs{ ;kb 2019
ftu dZyD^gZSwh wkB;{B^2019 d"okB jVK ns/ jkfJvo'^whNo'b'iheb ;zeN ekoB e[Zb 1H51 bZy j?eN/no
y/shpkVh y/so d/ B[e;kB j'D dh fog'N j? (vhHJ/H;h ns/ n?cH;h,2019)51.

51
DAC&FW. (2019). Farm sector news. Agricultural Situation in India, VOL. LXXVI No 9, Dec 2019. Ministry of
Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. Available at https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/PDF/December2019.pdf.
236

;zd^;kXB
ykd
gzikp ykdK dh tX/o/ tos'A ekoB gqGkfts j'D tkbk fyZsk j? GKt/ fJ; ftu ;[Xko j' fojk j? go fJj rZb
fuzsK dk ftPk j? . jo/ fJBekbp dk w'joh oki j'D ekoB nkozGe tfoQnK ftu gzikp ftu ykdK dh tos'A
ftu s/ih Bkb tkXk j'fJnk noEks fJj tos'A 1970^71 ftu 37H5 feHrqH gqsh j?eH s'A tZX e/ 1990^91
ftu 162H6 feHrqH gqsh j?eH ns/ 2010^11 ftu tX e/ 243 feHrqH gqsh j?eH j'Jh j?. ;kb 2019^20 d"okB
gzikp fJ; T[ukJh s'A 242 feHrqH gqsh j?eH s/ nk frnk j?. 1990^91 ftu gzikp ftu gqsh j?eH ykdK dh
tos'A Gkos dh n";s tos'A dh Bkb'A tZX d[ZrDh ;h. ;kb 2010^11 ftu fJj nB[gks 1H67 ;h id'A fe
Gkosh gZXo s/ ykdK dh gqsh j?eN/no tos'A ftu th tkXk j'fJnk j?. ;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2013^14
ftueko Gkosh gZXo s/ fJ; dh tos'A ftu w[V tkXk j'fJnk j?. fuZso 27 ftu ykdK dh tos'A ;pzXh
nzro/ih d/ ‘:{* nZyo dk neko pfDnk Bio nkT[Adk j?. ;kb 2018^19 dk nzsbk ;kb fi; bJh vkNk
;{pk ns/ Gkos bJh T[gbpX j?, fJ; ftu nB[gks 1H69 ;h.

fuZso 26 L gzikp ftu BkJhNq'iB s'A g'NkPhnw tos'A ns/ ck;c'o; s'A g'NkPhnw tos'A

1990 ^91 s'A gzikp ftZu c?N/obkJhiao dh ;zsb[s tos'A ftZu ;[Xko j'fJnk
70.0
58.5
60.0

50.0
43.8

40.0

30.0 25.0 26.6

21.9 23.3
18.1 19.2
20.0
12.3
10.0 7.1 6.0 6.2 6.3
4.4

0.0
1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2018-19 2019-20E

BkfJNo'iB s'A g'Nk;ahnw ck;c'o; s'A g'Nk;ahnw

;kXB L y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh ftGkr, gzikp

 237

fuZso 27L gzikp ftu ykd tos'A dhnK ftXhnK

ykd dh tos'A gqsh j?eN/no ftZu

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2018-19 2019-20E
gzikp dk Gkos Bkb ykdK dh tos'A ftZu nB[gks (gqsh j?eN/no)

2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1990-91

1995-96

2000-01

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

2017-18
;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp, y/shpkVh nzefVnK s/ fJZe Mbe^2019

ykdK dh n;zs[fbs tos'A th fJ;/ soQK dh ;wZf;nk j?. BkJhN'qiB, ck;c'o; ns/ g'NkPhnw (n?BHghHe/H)
dh tk;sfte nB[gks 4L2L1 j?, fco th jo/ fJBebkp d/ ;woEB bJh :{ohnk dh tos'A B/ BkJhNq'iB ykd
dh tX/o/ tos'A B{z P[o{ ehsk. Gkosh gZXo s/ 2018^19 ftu ykd tos'A nB[gks 6H3L 2H5L1 ;h. gzikp dh
s[bBk ftu fJ;/ ;kb ykd tos'A nB[gks 33H1 L 7H8L1 ;h. gqzs{ ;kb 1990^91 s'A pknd fJ; B/ fJe
wjZstg{oB gqrsh doi ehsh j? id'A fJj nB[gks 58H5 L21H9L1 ;h. (fuZso 26) ;kb 2019^20 ftu fJ;
nB[gks ftu j'o ;[Xko nkfJnk.
238
pke; 6 L izrbK dh eNkJh ns/ gzikp ftZu y/shpkVh dh r[zikfJ;a

gzikp ftu izrbK nXhB ftobk oepk j?. G{wh tos'A d/ nzefVnK d/ nB[;ko, gzikp ftZu izrbkA d/ nXhB
brGr 5# y/socb j? (fuZso 19). fJ; d/ T[bN izrbks ;ot/yD Gkos d/ nB[;ko, ;?N/bkJhN d[nkok
gzikp d/ izrbK d/ n;b oep/ pko/ nzeV/ w[jZJhnk eotkJ/ iKd/ jB. fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe gzikp fJe
nfijk ;{pk j? fi; ftu izrbks dk d{ik ;G s'A xZN 3H67# fjZ;k j? (fuZso 28). ;kb 2015 s'A pknd d/
;[Xko d/ pkti{d, fJj n;b ftu ;w[Zu/ Gkos d/ n";sB 21H7# d/ w[ekpb/ pj[s xZN j?, i' ok;aNoh Nhu/
33# Bkb'A ekcah xZN j?.fJ; s'A fJbktk, izrbkA nXhB oep/ dk f;oc fJZe S'Nk fijk fjZ;k nfs ;zxD/
izrbkA d/ nXhB j? (70# ikA fJ; s'A tZX dh e?B'gh xDsk). nZX/ s'A tZX izrbkA dk oepk (56#) y[Zb/
izrbkA d/ nXhB j?, fi; dk noE j? fe e?B'gh xDsk 10 s'A# 40# d/ ftueko j? (Gkos d/ izrbks
;ot/yD, 2019 nB[;ko).

fuZso 28 L e[Zb y/so d/ j/mb/ fjZ;,/ j/mb/ 10 okiK dh gqsh;as ti'A izrb B{z eto eoBk

20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
3.67%
5.00%
0.00%
jfonkDk

gqd/;a

fpjko
gzikp

pzrkb
oki;EkB

nkXok

gZSwh
r[ioks

wjkok;aN

s/bzrkBk
T[so

gqd/;a
o

T[d:'fre ns/ j'o gqki?eNkA bJh izrbK B{z spdhb eoBk ns/ izrbK dh eNkJh ikoh oZyDk th fuzsk dk
ft;ak j?. 1980 s'A gzikp B/ 801 tor feb'whNo iawhB B{z izrbkA dh tos'A bJh spdhb eo fdZsk j?. fJj
;kb 2019 ftZu oki d/ izrbkA d/ y/so d/ 26# (Jh^rqhB tku, 2020) dk fjZ;k ;h. nkyoh tZvk w'V
2009 ftZu nkfJnk, id'A 676 tor feb'whNo izrb dh iawhB B{z spdhb eo fdZsk frnk ;h.fJj fgSb/
;kbK ftZu fJj xNdk frnk j? (fuZso 29).
fuZso 29 L ;kb 2010 ns/ 2019 d/ ftukb/ gzikp ftZu izrbK d/ T[d/;aK ftZu iawhB dk ftfGzBsk (j?eN/no)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

;kXB L Jh^rqhB tku, 2020

 239

Izrbh oep/ dh brksko spdhbh fJ; dh w[nktik g{[osh izrbks tZb ;ze/s eodh j?. izrbks ;zGkb n?eN
( n?c ;h J/) 1980 ftZu fejk frnk j? fe e'Jh th gqki?eN fi; ftZu izrbks dh spdhbh eoB dh io{os
g?Adh j?,Bz{ izrbK dh IwhB d/ j'J/ B[ePkB dh GogkJh bJh tD^w[nktik d/Dk j'tkrk. oki ;oeko izrbks
g{osh dk ezw eodh j? ns/ fi; T[gG'rsk J/i/A;h e'b IwhB dk ezNo'b j[zdk j?, T[j fJ; ezw dh ndkfJrh
eodh j?.
jkbKfe, gfjbk s'A xZN izrbks eto d/ wZd/Bio, izrbK nXhB oep/ d/ ft;Eko bJh edw u[ZeD dh io{os
j?, fJ; dk jZb j? fe tD^y/sh Bz{ T[sPkfjs eoBk. c{v n?Av n?rohebuob nkor/BkJhi/PB (n?cHJ/HU),
y/sh gqDkbh Bz{ ibtk:{ ;wkoN yshpkVh oDBhshnK ti'A gSkDdh j?, fJj gqDkbh fwZNh d/ y'o/ Bz{ o'eD, gkDh
d/ gqpzXB ftZu ;[Xko ns/ y/sh nkwdBh d/ ;o'sK Bz{ ftfGzB pDkT[D d/ :'r j? (n?cHJ/HU 2013 w[skpe).
fJ; s'A fJbktk y/sK dhnK ;ojZdK d/ o[Zy brkT[D Bkb oki d/ S'N/ fePkB fpBQK fe;/ IwhBh :'rdkB d/ tD
ftfGzBsK ftZu fjZ;k gk ;ed/ jB.
c{v n?Av n?rohebuob nkor/BkJhi/PB (n?cHJ/HU) B/ n?ro' cko?;Noh Bz{ T[skPkjs eoB bJh e[M
oDBhshnK dk ;[Mkn fdZsk j?, Gkos ns/ gzikp d/ gq;zr ftZu e[M ;pzXs BhshnK j/m fbyhnK jB.
• ;EkBe y'I ns/ ft;Eko d[nkok ikro{esk tXkT[Dk io{oh s"o s/ ft;Eko eoB tkb/ eowukohnK
Bz{ gq;zfre frnkB gqdkB eokT[Dk ukjhdk j?, ns/ y/shpkVh d/ ezwK dh g?oth eoB dh seBheh
ns/ nkoFfEe fttjkoesk d'tK Bz{ gqdofPs eoBk ukjhdk j?. fJ; Bkb S'N/ fe;kBK dhnk io{osK
Bz{ th g{ok eoBk ukjhdk j?.T[dkjoB ti'A izrbks ftZu tB;gsh d/ g?dk j'D s'A gfjbk dk ;wK
ekch bzpk j'D ekoB, xZN ;w/A ftZu nkwdBh gqtkj Bz{ poeoko oZyD bJh fJ; d/ nB[;ko c;bK
d/ nfGnk; Bz{ nB[e{b oZyD dh b'V j' ;edh j?.
• nijhnK y/shpkVh BhshnK pDkU I' g/Av{ ftek; ftZu o[ZyK dh G{fwek Bz{ wkBsk d/D . T[dkjoD
ti'A, okPNoh y/shpkVh Bhsh, 2014 B/ tZy^tZy gq'rokwkA fit/A fe wjkswk rkAXh okPNoh g/Av{
rozNh :'iBk (n?w ih n?B n?B nko Jh ih n?;h), J/ehfeqs ibxo gqpzXB gq'rokw, okPNoh g/Av{
o'Ih o'Nh fwPB (n?B nko n?b n?w) nkfd.
• fpjso Bhshrs skbw/b bJh nzso^ftGkrh skbw/b B{z T[sPkfjs eoBk. Gkos ns/ gzikp ftu
izrbks ftGkr, G"A wkb ftGkr, ;EkBe ;z;EktkA ns/ y/shpkVh ftGkr B{z o?r{b/N eoB bJh
fB:ws o[ektNkA dh gSkD eoB bJh skbw/b dh b'V j' ;edh j?.
• o[ZykA d/ T[sgkdkA bJh pikokA d/ ;zgoe B{z wip{s eoBkL fJ; t/b/ bZeV gzikp ftZu fJeokoBkw/
tkb/ y/shpkVh ekB{zB d/ dkfJo/ ftZu nT[Adh j?. jkbkAfe, j'o y/sh fiD;kA d/ ;wkB wkoehfNzr
p[fBnkdh YkAu/ y/shpkVh d/ tgkoe wkwb/ pDkT[D ftZu ;jkfJsk eoBr/. wkoehfNzr ftZu ;zrqfj
bJh fe;kB T[sgkde ;z;EktkA B{z T[sPkfjs eoBk th wddrko j' ;edk j?.
Sources:
Forest Survey of India. (2019). India State of Forest Report 2019. Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change. Available at http://fsi.nic.in/isfr-volume-i.
e-Green Watch (2020). Integrated e-Governance Portal for Automation, Streamlining & Effective
Management of Processes related to Plantation & Other Forestry Works. Available at
http://egreenwatch.nic.in/FCAProjects/Public/Rpt_State_Wise_Count_FCA_projects.aspx?id=28
FAO (2013). Climate Smart Agriculture Sourcebook. Available at
http://www.fao.org/3/i3325e/i3325e.pdf
Buttoud G., (2013). Advancing Agroforestry on the Policy Agenda A guide for decision-makers. Food
and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3182e.pdf
Department of Agriculture & Cooperation. (2014). National Agroforestry Policy. Ministry of Agriculture.
Available at http://agricoop.gov.in/sites/default/files/National_agroforestry_policy_2014.pdf.
240
ehNBkPe dtkJhnK
ehNBkPe dtkJhnK dh tos'A ftu th ;ziw nkfJnk j? (fuZso ^30). ;kb 2000^01 ftu ehNBkPeK
dh tos'A 6970 whNoe NB dh ;G s'A tX/o/ tos'A dh ;hwK s/ gj[zu rJh ;h. ;kb 2011^12 s'A fJj tos'A
5717 whNoe NB d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ ojh j?.;zGkfts s'o s/ fgSb/ ;kbK Bkb'A ehNBkPe tos'A ;kb 2016^17
ftZu (5843 whHNB) fJ;dh finkdk tos'A ehN jwb/ ekoB j'Jh brdh j?. c;bK finkdk gqGkfts j'JhnK
jB. fgSb/ ;kbK Bkb'A ;kb 2019^20 ftZu ehNBkPeK dh tos'A 3# dh do Bkb tZXh j?.

fuZso 30L gµikp ftu tosh ehNBkPe dtkJh, whNfoe NBK ftu

fuZNh wZyh d/ ehN jwb/ d/ itkp ftZu ehV/wko dtkJhnK dh tos'A 2016^17 ftZu tXh
;h
5900
5843
5850 5820
5800
5750 5725 5720 5721
5690 5699 5690
5700
5650
5650
5600
5550
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

;kXB L y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh ftGkr, gµikp

T{oik
gµikp nkgD/ fe;kBK ƒ w[|s ns/ whNo ofjs fpibh fdµdk j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu gµikp d/ y/shpkVh
y/so d[nkok fpibh dh ygs fgSb/ ;kb Bkb'A 1 ch;dh tX e/ 12295 rhrktkN gqsh xzNk se gj[µu rJh.
oki ftu e[b fpibh T[sgkdB dk 26 |h;d t/funk frnk ns/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo s/ 20 |h;d dh s[bBk Bkb'A
t¤X j?. fJE'A se fe fJj e[ZM ;kbK d"okB fJ; nB[gks ftu ewh ƒ do;kT[Adk j?. ;kb 2011^12 ftu
e[b fpibh dk brGr 30 |h;d tos'A y/shpkVh we;d bJh ehsh rJh ;h jkbKfe e[Zb wksok gZy'A
y/shpkVh y/so d[nkok ehsh ygs s'A xZN ;h.

fu¤so 31L y/shpkVh T[d/P bJh t/uh ik ojh e[b fpibh dk gqshPs fj¤;k

fpibh Bkb fsnko j'D dk tZvk fjZ;k gzikp ftZu y/shpkVh bJh
30% tofsnK
28%
iKdk j?
28%
21% 20% 21%

2011-12 2015-16 2016-17

gzikp ;w[Zuk Gkos

;kXBL ftµfGB ;kbK ftu y/shpkVh nµefVnK s/ fJe Bio

 241

Xosh j/mb gkDh dh ;Zwf;nk Bz{ w[yksp j'D bJh gµikp ;oeko B/ gkDh pukU g?;k ewkU[ ;ehw ubkJh
j?. i' S/ y/sh chvo y/soK ftu bkr{ ehsh ik ojh j? fJj fe;kBk Bz{ f;ZXk bkG d/D tkbh :'iBk j?. fpibh
dh ygs dk fJe gqshPs fj¤;k ;fjGkrh fe;kBK Bz{ gqkgs j[µdk j?. i/eo fe;kB fBPfus fj¤;/ Bkb'A xZN
ygs eodk j? sK fe;kB ygs Bk ehsh rJh fpibh uko o[gJ/ gqsh feb'tkN dk bkG gqkgs eodk j?. fJ;
d/ T[bN fB:ws o{g ftZu fwbD tkbh fpibh fe;kBk Bz{ tkoh nB[;ko jh fwbdh j? ns/ fJ; bJh fpibh
dh ;gbkJh th nB[wkfBs Bjh j?. fJ; d/ Bkb^Bkb fe;kB nkgD/ gzg;?N, nkN'^;NkNo s/ SZv fdzd/ jB i'
fe fpibh dh ;gbkJh d/ nkXko s/ fJjBK gzg;?NK Bz{ ukb{ s/ pzd eod/ jB. fJ; bJh i/eo fpibh oks ƒ
T[gb¤pX j? sK fe;kB f;µukJh dh d/yo/y BjhA eo/rk sK fJ; Bkb popkdh j' ;edh j?. i/eo Io{os Bkb'A
tX gkDh eZfYnk iKdk j?. fJ; :'iBk dk wzst gkDh dh popkdh ƒ fB:µfsqs eoBk j?,i' fpibh dh fdB
Go dh g{osh Bz{ :ehBh pDkT[D Bkb g{ok jz[dk j?. (frZb 2019)52

eoIk
(n?BHnZ?;Hn?;HUH, 2012^13) ;ot/ nB[;ko Gkos ftu y/sh Bkb ;pzXs gfotkoK dh ;fEsh nB[;ko y/sh
Bkb i[V/ gfotkoK s/ 53H2# eoIk j? i' fe ;w[¤u/ Gkosh nB[wkB noEks 51H9 ch;d Bkb'A E'Vk tZX j?.
jkbKfe 2017^18 ns/ 2018^19 ftu fdZsk frnk eoIk froktN doPkT[dk j?. fJe j'o ftP/Psk fJj j?
fe fInkdkso eoI/ ‘|;bh eoI/* jB fit/A fe ekPs dh fJe c;b d/ ft¤s g{osh bJh ekoiekoh g{µihrs
eoI/. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ fdZsk frnk fwnkdh eoI ;kb 2018^19 ftZu e[b eoI/ dk 30 gqshPs ;h fi;
Bkb fe;kB nkgD/ y/sK ftu bµw/ ;w/A bJh fBt/P eoB dh ;wo¤Ek pko/ fuµsk Ikjo eod/ jB.

fu¤so 32L ;kb d"okB tµv/ rJ/ y/shpkVh eoI/

gzikp ftZu fiankdkso eoia/ c;bh eofianK d/ o{g ftZu fdZs/ rJ/ jB

100000

50000

0
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

c;bh eoiak (eo'VK ftZu) fwnkdh eoiak (eo'VK ftZu)

;kXBL ftµfGB ;kbK ftu y/shpkVh nµefVnK s/ fJe BIo

52
Gill, B. (2019). Saving Punjab's groundwater, one agricultural pump at a time. Available at
https://www.teriin.org/article/saving-punjabs-groundwater-one-agricultural-pump-time
242
f;µukJh
gµikp Gog{o f;µukJh ;woZEk oZyD tkbk oki j? ns/ brGr ;ko/ |;bh oep/ f;µukJh tkb/ jB.fJ;d/
w[ekpb/ ;w[¤u/ Gkos ftu n¤X/ s'A x¤N |;bh oepk jh f;µukJh nXhB ;h.(y/shpkVh, ;fjekoh ns/ fe;kB
GbkJh ftGkr, 2019)53. f;µukJh dk ;o's jh fJZe uzrk gfjb{ j?. id'A fe ;w[¤u/ Gkosh g¤Xo s/ gµikp
ftu f;µukJh d/ ;q'sK ftZu tµB^;[tµBsk j? T[E/ gzikp ftZu f;µukJh nXhB y/so fNT{pt?bK nXhB j?. (fu¤so
33) fJj oki ftu Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh T[gb¤pXsk ns/ fw¤Nh dh T[gikT{ Pesh Bz{ gqGkts eoB dk ekoB
th pDdk j?.
fNT{pt?¤bK d[nkok f;µukJh tkb/ y/so dh wµr ftu tkXk j'D d/ ekoB (fu¤so 34) ;kb 2000^01 ftu
oki ftu fNT{pt?¤bK dh frDsh ;kb 2000^01 s'A 10H73 b¤y s'A t¤X e/ ;kb 2018^19 ftu 14H76 b¤y j'
rJh ;h, fJ; ;w/A d"okB fpibh s/ u¤b oj/ fNT{pt?¤b 7H88 b¤y s'A tX e/ 13H36 b¤y j' rJ/ jB. id'A fe
vhIb Bkb ubD tkb/ fNT{pt?¤bK ftu ewh tksktoD bJh fpjso j? go Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh p/sjkPk
fBek;h fNekT{ y/shpkVh bJh wkce Bjh j' ;edh.

fuZso 33L f;zukJh, Gkos ns/ gzikp d/ ;kXB 2014^15

gzikp Gkos

11% BfjoK
24% N?Ae
BfjoK
29% 17%
fNTppt/?b
3%
y{j
fNTppt/?b
j'o

71% 46%

;kXBL fJohr/PB ;N?fN;fNe; Jh:o p[Ze nkc fJzvhnK

fu¤so 34 L fNT{pt?¤bK dh frDsh (b¤yK ftu)

vhiab Bkb uZbD tkb/ fNT{pt?bK dh ewh tksktoD bJh fpjso j?

13

10

7 fpibh Bkb uZbD tkb/ fNT{pt?b

vhiab Bkb uZbD tkb/ fNT{pt?b
4

1
1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2018-19

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp

53
Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (2019). Pocket Book of Agricultural Statistics, 2018.
 243

gzikp tkNo o?r{b/;aB ns/ fvt?bgw?AN nEkoNh Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ fBek; ns/ ;zGkb bJh gzikp d/ fd;ak
fBod/;a, 2020 gzikp tkNo o?r{b/;aB ns/ fvt?bgw?AN nEkoNh nB[;ko gzikp ftZu Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/
fBek; dk gZXo gmkBe'N d/ XV ebK pbke ftZu 24# s'A b? e/ gfNnkbk d/ gksVK pbke sZe 368# j?.
;G s'A fiankdk ;a'f;as ;a/qDh ftZu eZ[b 109 pbkeK ftZu'A 65 pbke 103# s'A 199# dh ;aq/Dh ftZu nkT[Ad/ jB
id'A fe 44 pbke 200# s'A/ 368# d/ dkfJo/ ftZu nkTA[d/ jB.

gzikp d/ 44 pbke fiE/ gkDh d/ fBek; dk gZXo 200# s'A tX/o/ j? B{z pZdso ;a'f;as fBoXkos eod/ j'J/
;zsoh I'B ftZu oZfynk frnk j?. fJBQK pbkeK ftZu j/mb/ gkDh d/ gqpzXB ns/ ;zGkb bJh s[ozs ns/ ;G s'A
fiankdk fXnkB d/D dh iao{os j?.

gzikp ftZu 65 pbke nfij/ jB fiE/ gkDh d/ fBek;h dk gZXo 100 s'A 199# j? ns/ fJjBK B{z ghb/ I'B
fBoXkfos ehsk frnk j?. fJE/ iawhBh gkDh dh tX/o/ tos'A eoe/ fJ; B{z gfjb d/ nXko s/ gqpzXB ns/ ib
;zGkb d/ T[gokb/ eoB dh b'V j?.

fiBQK pbkeK ftZu gkDh dh fBek;h dk gZXo 100# s'A xZN j? B{z fszB ;a/qDhnK (Bki[e, noX Bki[e ns/
;[oZfyns) ftZu fJeZm/ jh oZfynk frnk j? ns/ fJ; B{z rqhB I'B (gzikp ftZu 29) fBoXkos ehsk frnk j?
ns/ gkDh d/ T[fus gqpzXB d/ T[gokfbnK dh iao{os j? sK i' Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh ;fEsh bzw/ ;w/A bJh
ekfJw oj/.

fJe j¤b fJj j? fe fSVekn ns/ s[gek f;µukJh tkbh ;{yw f;µukJh gqDkbh ƒ T[sPkfjs eoBk i' fJe
fBPfus Yµr Bkb gkDh T[gbpX eotk e/ ;jh y/sh ƒ ;wo¤E pDkT[Adh j?. fJj gkDh dh pZus d/ Bkb^Bkb
fw¤Nh dh T[gikT{ Pesh tXkT[D ftu ;jkfJsk eodh j?. y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh wµsokbk, Gkos
;oeko d[nkok ;q'sK dh e[Pb tos'A bJh ;zd gqpµX pko/ fog'N d/ nB[;ko gµikp ftu ;{yw f;µukJh
gqDkbhnK gqsh gj[µu x¤N j?. wkou 2018 s¤e gµikp dk brGr 48,281 j?eN/no oepk ;{yw f;µukJh
nXhB nkT[Adk j?.fJj d/P ftu ;{yw f;µukJh nXhB e[Zb oep/ d/ 0H5 gqshPs s'A th x¤N j?. gqXkB wµsoh
feqPh f;µukJh :'iBk gkDh dh ;jh f;µukJh ns/ j'o gkDh pukT[D tkbhnK seBheK ƒ ngDk e/ y/shpkVh d/
gkDh dh e[Pb tos'A ftu ;[Xko bJh :'iBk dh P[o{nks ehsh rJh ;h. fJ; :'iBk ftu uko Gkr Pkwb
jB noEks (i) “jo y/s e' gkDh@ fi; ftu ib ;q'sK dh w[oµws ns/ pjkbh Pkwb j?, (ii) “gqsh p{µd tX/o/
c;b@ fi; ftu gkDh pukT[D tkbhnK seBheK Pkwb jB. (iii) “tkNoP?v” ftu gqGktPkbh gqpµX ns/
fw¤Nh ns/ Bwh dk pukn Pkwb j? ns/ (iv) “wrBo/rk” fi; ftu fgµv d/ S¤gVK dh w[oµws ns/
BthBheoB ns/ whAj d/ gkDh dh ;µGkb dhnK ;j{bsK dk fBowkD eoBk j?. gµikp dh oki f;µukJh :'iBk
nB[;ko t¤y^t¤y fj¤f;nK nXhB gµikp d/ ;ko/ fifbQnK ftu gkDh dh fBek;h$Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ ohukoi
ftu tkX/ dh ;µGkts ewh jo ;kb 14974H37 n?w ;h n?w (fwbhnB feT{fpe whNo) j?. gkDh dh fBek;h
11949H052 n?w ;h n?w d/ Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ ohukoi ftu tkX/ dh t¤X s'A t¤X c;b (2324H814 n?w
;h n?w) “jo y/s e' gkDh@ tkNoP?¤v (527H774 n?w ;h n?w) ns/ wrBo/rk( 172H728 n?w ;h
n?w)54“gqsh p{µd fInkdk |;b@ nXhB nkT[D dh ;zGktBk j?.

54
State Irrigation Plan, PMKSY 2017
244
pkZe; 7L Xosh j/mbh fw¤Nh dh ;µGkb bJh gqpµX n?eN

ngq?b^wJh wjhfBnK ftZu fpikJh j'D ekoB fJZe feb' ;Zmh uktb T[rkT[D bJh 4500 bhNo gkDh dh
b'V j[zdh j?. gqµs{ i/eo fpikJh nZX/^i{B d/ nk;^gk; ehsh ikt/ sK gkDh dh tos'A x¤N e/ 1500^2000
bhNo j' iKdh j?. ngq?b^wJh ftu gkDh dh Io{os tX/o/ j[µdh j? feT[Afe tkPgheoB dh do tX/o/ j[µdh
j? ns/ e'Jh whAj BjhA g?Adk fi; d/ Bshi/ ti'A f;µukJh ftu tofsnk frnk ;kok gkDh Xosh j/mbk gkDh
jh j[µdk j?. i{B^i[bkJh ftu whAj, |;bK bJh gkDh dhnK io{osK g{ohnK eoB bJh ;jkfJe j[µdh j?.
fJ; soe dh tos'A eofdnK ngq?b 2008 ftu Xosh j/mbh fw¤Nh dh ;µGkb gqpµX nkovhB?A; ikoh ehsk
frnk. fJj 10 wJh s'A gfjbK gBhoh phiD ns/ 10 i{B s'A gfjbK M'Bk brkT[D bJh fe;kBK s/ gkpµdh
nkfJd eodk j?. ;kb 2008 ftu uµrh pkoP j'Jh ns/ fe;kBK ƒ gkDh dh xkN dk ;kjwDk BjhA eoBk
fgnk.fJ; nkovhB?A; dk n;o j'fJnk. wJh se brGr e'Jh th M'BK bfrnk BjhA t/fynk frnk. 10
i{B se M'B/ dh fpikJh f;oc 22 gqshPs y/sK ftu jh ehsh rJh ;h. ;kb 2007 ftu fJ; ;w/A se
M'B/ dh fpikJh 42 gqshPs y/sK ftu j' u[¤eh ;h. fJ; d/ ;kekokswe f;¤N/ ti'A ;kb 2009 ftu gµikp
dh Xosh j/mbh fw¤Nh bJh gkDh dh ;µGkb bJh ekBz{B dh ;EkgBk j'Jh ;h.
fJj ekBz{B y/shpkVh ftGkr d/ nfXekohnK Bz{ fpikJh ehs/ M'B/ dh Bo;oh iK M'B/ dh fpikJh Bz{ BPN
eoB dh nkfrnk fdzdk j?.
;kb 2009 dk T[j ;kb id'A ekƒB pDkfJnk frnk ;h, w"B;{B nkw Bkb'A 30 gqshPs x¤N ;h. gqµs{ d/oh
Bkb fpikJh B/ fe;kBK ƒ |;bK d/ B[e;kB s'A pukfJnk ;h.
gµikp ftu gkDh d/ gZXo ftubh froktN ƒ w¤Xw eoB ftu ekƒB dk w¤jstg{oB gqGkt ;h. (r[bkNh,
okfJ ns/ j[;?B 2017) B/ fIeo ehsk ;h fe 2000^01 s'A 2008^09 s'A pknd Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh
froktN dh n";sB ;kbkBk do 9 gqshPs ;h, 2008^09 s'A 2012^13 s'A fJj froktN f;oc 0H7
gqshPs ;h. fJ; bJh ekƒB bkr{ j'D T[goµs Xosh j/mb/ gkDh ftu n";sB ;kbkBk froktN ƒ 0H2
gqshPs xNk fdsk frnk ;h
Source: Gulati, A., Roy, R., & Hussain, S. (2017). Getting Punjab Agriculture Back on High Growth Path:
Sources, Drivers and Policy Lessons. ICRIER

y/sK dk wPhBheoD
j'oBK okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp ftu t¤v/ y/sh ekoiK d/ wPhBheoD B/ |;bK dh T[sgkdesk ftZu ekch tkXk
ehsk j? ns/ feos dh xZN tos'A Bkb tX/o/ T[sgkdB gqkgs eoe/, c;bK xDsk ƒ tXke/, ;w/A ns/
yofunK dh pZus eoe/ fe;kBK dh e[Pbsk ftu ekch ;[Xko ehsk j?. ;wK ns/ feos dh pZus ƒ v/noh
ckofwµr, w[orh gkbD, w¤yh gkbD, w¤Sh gkbD nkfd d/ y/shpkVh Bkb i[V/ eµwK ftu brkT[D bJh
fJ;s/wkb ehsk ik ;edk j?.

oki ftu ekPsekoh bJh 4H50 b¤y Nq?eNo ns/ f;µukJh bJh 14H75 b¤y fNT{pt?¤bK dh tos'A ehsh rJh.
;koDh 18 gµikp oki ftu No?eNoK, fv;e j?o'I d/ ;t?^gq/fos eµpkJhBK ns/ fNT{pt?¤bK d/ tkX/ dh frDsh
Bkb tX oj/ wPhBheoD ƒ T[Ikro eodk j?.
 245

;koDh 18L gµikp ftu y/shpkVh wPhBoh ns/ bkr{eoD (000 ftu)

No?eNo

fv;e^j?o'

phi ns/ ykd gdkoE

eNkJh eoB tkbh eNkJh eoB tkbk (;t?^gq/fos)

ezpkJhB jkot?;No (No?eNo ukbe)

Eo?Po

fNT{pt?b

;kXBL y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh ftGkr, gµikp

c;bK dh ofjµd^y{µjd d/ gqpµX bJh y/shpkVh wPhBheoB ƒ T[sPkjs eoBk

M'B/ dh gokbh ;kVB Bkb j'D tkb/ jtk gqd{PD ekoB gokbh dk gqpµX eoBk oki bJh fJe t¤vh u[D"sh j?.
gokbh d/ gqpµX ftu BthBsk ƒ T[sPkjs eoB bJh 5 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew nbkN ehsh rJh j?. oki
;oeko dhnK e'fPPK ekoB, ;kb 2019 d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb 2020 ftu ;kT[Dh dhnK c;bK nXhB M"B/ dh
ofjzd yz{jd B{z ;kVB dk oepk xfNnk j?.

;kb 2018^19 d"okB oki ;oeko B/ 269H38 eo'V o[gJ/ gqkgs ehs/ ;B fi; ftZu'A 266H5 eo'V o[gJ/ you
ehs/ ;B. ;kb 2019^20 d"okB 273H80 eo'V o[gJ/ ftZu'A 243 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew you ehsh rJh
;h.fJ; s'A fJbktk, ;kb 2020^21 d"okB e/Ado ;oeko dh ;ehw “|;bK dh ofjµd^y{µjd d/ gqpµX bJh
y/shpkVh wPhBheoB ƒ T[sPkjs eoBk@ bJh 250 eo'V o[gJ/ nbkN ehs/ rJ/. ;kb 2018^2021 d"okB
75,000 w;ahBK w[jZJhnk eotkJhnK rJhnK fiBQK ftu'A fBZih fe;kBK B{z 27500 y/shpkVh T[geoD tzv/ rJ/
ns/ w[ZYbh y/shpkVh ;fjekoh ;/tktK nXhB e;Nw jkfJfozr ;?NoK ns/ fe;kB ;w{jK Bz{ nr/ fe;kBk Bz{
wkw{bh feokJ/ s/ d/D bJh 48000 y/shpkVh T[geoD w[jZJhnk eotkJ/ ikDr/.

2H7 ;µ;EktK ns/ p[fBnkdh YKuk

;N'o/i

Gkos ftu gµikp e'b ;G s'A tZvh GzvkoB ;w¤oEk j?. wkou 2020 ƒ c{v ekog'o/PB nk| fJµvhnk (n?c
;h nkJh), y[oke ns/ ;gbkJh ftGkr ns/ e/Adoh t/nojkT{; (r[dkw) ekog'o/PB (;h vpfbT{ ;h) dh
gµikp ftu 269H44 b¤y whNfoe NB dh ;N'o/i ;w¤oEk ;h.wkou 2019 sZe oki ftZu e[Zb 688 e'bv
246
;N'o/i gq'i?eNK Bkb 23 bZy whNqe NB e'bv ;N'o/i ;ZwoEk ;h. fJj d/P dh e[Zb ;N'o/i ;ZwoEk dk 6
ch;d ;h.
fu¤so 35L Gkos ftu oki nB[;ko ;N'o/i ;w¤oEk

Gkos ftu gµikp e'b ;G s'A tZvh ;N'o/i ;w¤oEk j?.

250

200
bZy whfNqe NB ftZu

150

100

50

;kXBL y/shpkVh nµefVnK s/ fJe BIo, 2019

wµvh gj[µu
gµikp B/ nkgD/ fe;kBK ƒ T[fus p[fBnkdh wkoehfNµr Bkb i'fVnk j?.;kb 2020 sZe gzikp ftZu 154
fB:fws y/shpkVh wzvhnK jB fiBQK ftu'A 152 w[Zy wzvhnK jB ns/ 283 T[g wzvhnK jB. id'A fe ;kb
2015 sZe gµikp ftu 424 fB:fws y/shpkVh wµvhnK ;B fiµBQK ftu'A 150 w[¤y wµvhnK ;B ns/ 274 T[g
wµvhnK ;B (fe;kBK dh nkwdBh d[rDh eoB dh ew/Nh, 2017)55. fJj fe;kBK d/ okPNoh efwPB, 2004
d[nkok f;ckoP ehs/ 80 tor feb'whNo gqsh wzvh 116 tor feb'whNo y/socb s'A t¤X j?. jkbKfe
dbtkJh ew/Nh (fe;kBK dh nkwdB d[rDh eoB dh ew/Nh, 2017) dk soe j? fe fJj f;ckoP T[d'A ehsh
rJh ;h id'A ;Ve ;µgoe wIp{s BjhA ;h. ew/Nh B/ nkgD/ ftPb/PD ftu gkfJnk j? fe gµikp T[BQK e[M
okiK ftu'A fJe ;h i' w"i{dk ;w/A ftu fe;/ tkX{ fB:ws wµvhnK dh Io{os BjhA oZydk. don;b, wµvhnK
dh xDsk d/ wkwb/ ftu f;oc fd¤bh jh 93 tor feb'whNo gqsh wµvh gj[µu Bkb gzikp s'A tZX gjz[u tkbk
y/so j?.

fJ; s'A fJbktk gµikp ftu 1390 g/Av{ gqkfJwoh wµvhnK ns/ 488 fe;kBK dhnK wµvhnK jB fiµBQK ƒ
“nkgDh wzvh@ fejk iKdk j??.
fJj wµvhnK dh T[fussk ftu jkbKfe e[M nµso^fIbk gfotosB j? T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ ;µro{o ftu 15
wµvhnK jB i' fe jo/e n";sB 37 fgµvK ftu eµw eodhnK jB. d{i/ gk;/ j[fPnkog[o ftu 277 fgµvK fgZS/
5 fB:fws wµvhnK jB.n";sB s'o s/ fJZe fB:fws gqw[Zy wzvh 81 fgµvK bJh eµw eodh j? .

55
Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income (2017). Report of the Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income, Vol IV, “Post-
production interventions: Agricultural Marketing”. Available at
http://farmer.gov.in/imagedefault/DFI/DFI%20Volume%204.pdf
 247

fu¤so 36L ;kb 2019^20 d"okB gµikp ftZu fIb/ nB[;ko gqfs wµvh ftu eµw eod/ fB:fws wµvhnK dh
frDsh ns/ fgµvK dh n";sB frDsh

wzvhnK dh T[fuusk ftZu e[M coe fifbQnk d/ coe eoe/ j?.

16 300
14
250
12
200
10
8 150
6
100
4
50
2
0 0

eg{oEbk

cohde'N
b[fXnkDk

soBskoB

gmkBe'N
pfmzvk
gfNkbk

w'rk
;zro{o

ibzXo

j[f;ankog[o

o{gBro
ckfibek
r[odk;g[o

fco'iag[o
nzfwqs;o

;aqh w[es;o ;kfjp

wkB;k

poBkbk
cfsjrVQ ;kfjp
n?;HJ/Hn?;HBro

n?;HphHn?;HBro
fB:ws wzvhnK dh frDsh fB:ws wzvhnK tkb/ fgzvK dh n";s frDsh

;kXBL wzvh p'ov, gµikp

yohd
gµikp ftu yohd gqDkbh e[Pbsk Bkb eµw eo ojh j?. gµikp ftu yohd ehsh eDe dh |;b ;kb
2018^19 ftu 94H6 gqshPs ;h id'A fe M'B/ dh c;b 89 gqshPs ;h. id'A fe gµikp B/ Gkos d/ e[b u"bK
ns/ eDe d/ T[sgkdK ftu'A 11 gqshPs ns/ 18 gqshPs g?dktko ehsh j?. ;kb 2018^19 ftZu gµikp s'A
e/Adoh Gµvko ftu uktb ns/ eDe dhnK c;bK d/ :'rdkB dk ;pµXs fj¤;k brGr 26 gqshPs ns/ 36
gqshPs ;h. 31 d;µpo 2020 sZe y[oke ns/ iBse tµv ftGkr d[nkok ikoh ehs/ rJ/, nr/s/ nB[wkBK
nB[;ko 37H82 gqshPs eDe dh yohd ns/ 20H92 gqshPs M'B/ dh yohd gµikp s'A j'Jh j?.
248

pkZe; 8L gµikp ftu fJb?eNqkfBe okPNoh y/shpkVh wµvh

fJb?eNqkfBe B?PBb n?rohebuob wkoehN (gziheoB JhHB?w) fJZe okPNoh gZXo s/ y/shpkVh
T[sgkd wzvheoD wkoehN bJh gb/Nckow j?. fi;dh yohddkoK, fe;kBK ns/ nkVshnK d[nkok
nkBbkJhB gjz[u ehsh ik ;edh j?. fJ; gb/Nckow oKjh T[sgkd t/uD tkb/ fe;kBk d[nkok nkgD/
T[sgkdK dk s?n ehws nB[;ko gziheoD ehsk ik ;edk j? i' yohddko yohd eoB bJh fdbu;gh
oZyd/ j'D. fJe tko tgkoe ;wM'sk j'D s'A pknd T[sgkdK dh r[DtZsK dh iKu ehsh iKdh j? ns/
fteo/sk Bz{ T[;d/ T[sgkd dk tkip w[Zb G[rskB eoB T[gozs T[sgkd yohddkoK Bz{ gjz[uk fdZsk iKdk
j?. fJj wkoehN ;e?vzoh eko'pko eoB bJh nkVQshnK bJh fJZe ftPkb okPNoh wkoehN sZe th
gj[zu gqdkB eodh j?.
Jh^B/w d/ pj[s ;ko/ ckfJfdnK ftZu j/m fby/ Pkfwb jBL^
1) gkodoPskL fit/A fe ehwskA nkBbkJhB fdykJh fdzdhnK jB, nkVQshnK ns/ tgkohnK bJh pkIko
B{z ftrkVBk ikA ehwskA dk rbs gquko eoBk n;zGt j' iKdk j?.
2) fe;kBkA ns/ yohddkokA ftueko f;ZXk ;zgoeL feT[Afe fe;kB f;ZX/ gb/Nckow s/ j' ;ed/ jB,
fJ; bJh fJj fePkBK B{z nkVQshnK B{z nZy'A gqy'y/ eoB dh skes fdzdk j?, T[Ai fJj fBZih wzvhnK dk
fJe nfBZyVtkA fjZ;k jB.
3) tZvhnk wzvhnK sZe gj[zuL fJ; nkBbkJhB g'oNb s'A gfjbkA, fe;kBkA B{z T[BQkA d/ T[sgkdkA, yk;eo
fJj xZN' xZN w[Zb tkbhnK c;bK B{z ;EkBe wzvhnK ftu t/uD bJh wip{o ehsk iKdk ;h . Jh^B/w
fJe wzvh d/ fe;kBkA B{z d{;o/ yohddkokA Bkb tgko eoB dh fJikIs d/ e/ g[okD/ f;;Nw Bz{ BIo
nzdki eo ;e/rk, fJ; sokA fe;kB tZv/ pkIko ftu gj[zu gqdkB eo ;edk j?.
gzikp dhnK 37 wzvhnK g'oNb Bkb gfjbkA jh i[VhnK j'JhnK jB. gzikp B/ gb/Nckow s/ ;Zs uhIkA
t/uD dh nkfrnk fdZsh j?. fJBQkA ftZu pk;wsh, wZeh, nkb{, feB{z, egkj, wNo (jok) ns/ w{zr Pkwb
jB. fJ; t/b/ Jh^B/w nXhB gzikp d/ 2,16701 fe;kB, 8,134 nkVsh ns/ 2,242 tgkoh ofi;Nov
jB.
Sources:
https://enam.gov.in/web/state-unified-license/no-of-unified-licenses
https://enam.gov.in/web/dashboard/stakeholder-data

;koDh 19L gµikp dhnK w[¤y c;bK dk T[sgkdB ns/ yohd

M'B/ eDe

T[sgkdB yohd T[sgkdB dh T[sgkdB yohd T[sgkdB dh

(000 NB) (000 NB) yohd dk (000 NB) (000 NB) yohd dk
;kb gqshPs gqshPs

1980^81 4850 4432 91H4# 7677 4270 55H6#

1990^91 9710 7882 81H2# 12159 7109 58H5#

2000^01 13735 11057 80H5# 15551 9698 62H4#

 249

2010^11 16148 13136 81H3# 16472 10278 62H4#

2017^18 19965 17972 90H0# 17830 11834 66H4#

2018^19 19130 17027 89H0# 18257 17281 94H6#

2019^20
(nkoiah) 18917 16381 86H6# 17616 12686 72H0#

;kXBL y/shpkVh ftGkr, gµikp ns/ y[oke s/ ;gbkJh ftGkr,gzikp

2H8 y/shpkVh gfotkoK dk gq'ckJhb

G{wh

;ko/ Gkos dh n";s (fu¤so 37 ns/ fu¤so 38) d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp ftu ;hwKs ns/ S'N/ fe;kBK dk fj¤;k
pj[s x¤N j? id'A fe g{o/ Gkosh g¤Xo s/ 69 gqshPs i'sK ;hwKs nkeko tkbhnk jB (fJ¤e j?eN/no s'A
x¤N), gµikp bJh fJj wfjI 14 gqshPs jB.tZvhnK i'sK (10 j?eN/no s'A tZX) ftZu gzikp dh fj;/dkoh 5
gqshPs j? id fe okPNoh gZXo s/ fJj 1 gqshPs j?.
fu¤so 37L ekoiPhb j'bfvµr d/ y/so dk fj¤;k, IwhB d/ nkeko d[nkok

;ko/ Gkos d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu ;hwKs ns/ S'N/ fe;kBk dk fjZ;k pj[s xZN j?.

44%
24% 23% 25% 24% 20% 22%
7% 9%
2%

;hwKs S'NhnK ;?wh whvhnw wZX nkeko tkbhnK tZvhnK

gzikp Gkos

;kXBL y/shpkVh rDBk, 2015^16

fu¤so 38L ekoiPhb j'bfvµrI dh frDsh dk fj¤;k IwhB d/ nkeko d[nkok

69%

34%
28%
19% 18%
14%
9%
4% 5%
1%

;hwKs S'NhnK ;?wh whvhnw wZX nkeko tkbhnK tZvhnK

gzikp Gkos

;kXBL y/shpkVh rDBk, 2015^16

250

nkwdBh ns/ eoIdkoh

gµikp ft¤u y/shpkVh gfotko s[bBkswe s"o *s/ x¤N eoIdkoh ns/ t¤X nkwdBh dk nkBµd b?Ad/ jB.
Bkpkov nkb fJµvhnk o{ob ckfJB?APhnb fJBeb{IB ;ot/(Bkch;) B/ y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh wjhBktko
xo/b{ nkwdB d/ ;pµX ftu okiK ftu fJ¤e wj¤stg{oB coe B'N ehsk j? (Bkpkov, 2018)56.;kb
2016^17 ftu gµikp d/ y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh n";sB wjhBktko nkwdB ;G s'A t¤X ;h (23,133 o[L) fJ;
s'A pknd jfonkDk (18,496 o[L) ns/ e/ob (16,927 o[L) B/ t¤X s'A t¤X nkwdB do do;kJh ;h. fJj
fJ; s¤E dk ;µe/s j? fe fJj ;?eNo oki dh nkofEesk ft¤u wj¤stg{oB :'rdkB gk fojk j?.

fu¤so 39 oki ftu y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh n";sB nkwdBh d/ fto[¤X okiK ft¤u eoIdko j'D dhnK
xNBktK ƒ do;kT[Adk j?. fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe gµikp, jfonkDk ns/ r[ioks us[oG[i ftu f;oc fsµB oki
jB (Gkt T[j oki fiBQK dh y/shpkVh s'A nkwdB n";sB nkw Pq/Dh okiK bJh n";s Bkb'A t¤X j? ns/ fgSb/
;kb ftu eoI/ dh fog'oN d/D tkb/ xoK dk nB[gks iBob Pq/Dh okiK bJh n";s s'A x¤N j?.)

fu¤so 39L n";sB y/shpkVh nkwdBh ns/ y/shpkVh gfotkoK ftu eoIk ofjs j'D dh xNBk

;kXBL Bkpkov nkb fJµvhnk o{ob ckfJB?APhnb fJBeb{IB ;ot/ 2016^17

jkbKfe nfijk brdk j? fe ;hwKs fe;kBK s/ eoik tX/o/ j?.go ;fEsh ;ot/yD 2013 d/ nB[;ko, 10
j?eN/no s'A tZX iwhB tkb/ gfotkoK s/ 2H4 gqshPs eoIk ns/ 1 j?eN/no iwhB tkb/ xoK s/ 46H2
gqshPs eoik ;h.fdbu;gh tkbh rZb fJj j? fe i'sK d/ nkeko tZXD Bkb n";sB pekfJnk eoik Bjh
tfXnk.0H01 j?eN/no s'A xZN iwhB tkb/ gfotkoK bJh pekfJnk n";s oew xZN'^xZN 13100 o[gJ/ ;h
ns/ fJ; s'A pknd 0H01 s'A 0H04 j?eN/no tkb/ gfotkoK bJh fJj oew 24600 o[gJ/ ;h id 0H41^1
j?eN/no tkb/ gfotkoK s/ fJj oew 51600 o[gJ/ ;h. id'A fe ;G s'A t¤X pekfJnk n";sB 9,27,400
o[gJ/ j? i' 10 j?eN/no s'A finkdk iwhB tkb/ gfotko T[Zs/ j? (fu¤so 40)57 fJj nk; j? fe tZv/ fe;kBK
e'b eoi/ d/ pekJ/ dk G[rskB eoB dh finkdk ;woZEk j?.

56
NABARD (2018). All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) 2016-17. Available at
https://www.nabard.org/auth/writereaddata/tender/1608180417NABARD-Repo-16_Web_P.pdf
57
(n.d.). Income, Expenditure, Productive Assets and Indebtedness of Agricultural Households in India. National Sample
Survey Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
 251

fu¤so 40 L gµikp d/ jo y/shpkVh xo/b{ IwhBh neko nB[;ko pekfJnk eoI/ dh n";sB oew (00
o[gJ/)

9274

8000
6000
4000 3266
2292
1641 1195
2000 516
131 246
0
< 0.01 0.01 - 0.40 0.41 - 1.00 1.01 - 2.00 2.01 - 4.00 4.01 - 10.00 + all sizes
10.00

;kXBL Gkos ftu y/shpkVh xoK dh nkwdBh, you/, T[sgkde ;µgshnK ns/ fBoGosk (n?w U n?; gh nkJh)

|;bh eoIk w[nk|h ;ehw

rohp fe;kBK d/ tX/o/ eoI/ ƒ w[¤y o¤yfdnK oki ;oeko B/ ;kb 2017 ftu oki ftu |;bh eoIk w[nk|h
;ehw P[o{ ehsh j?. oki ;oeko fJBQK w[¤fdnK ƒ T[¤u soihj d/ J/iµv/ ti'A j¤b eoB dh e'fPP eo ojh
j?. ;kb 2019^20 d"okB c;bh eoiak okjs ti'A 2866H60 eo'V o[gJ/ dh ok;ah 4,48,067 fe;kBK B{z fdZsh
rJh. ;kb 2020^21 d"okB 146 fe;kBK B{z c;bh eoiak okjs ti'A 1H11 eo'V o[gJ/ fdZs/ rJ/ ns/ fJ; s'A
fJbktk 1325H70 eo'V o[gJ/ 1 bZy 25 jiako 436 fe;kBK B{z tzv/ ikDr/.

2H9 g/Av{ ftek;

2011 dh iBrDBk nB[;ko gzikp ftZu d/P dh 69# tZ;'A d/ w[ekpb/ 62H52#tZ;'A fgzvK ftZu ofjzdh
;h. n?BHn?;Hn?;HU dh fog'oN w[skpe Gkos ftZu y//shpkVh gfotkoK d/ nkwdB, you, T[sgkde
;zgshnK ns/ eoia/ ;pzX ftZu gzikp d/ 51H1# g/Av{ gfotko y/shpkVh gfotko ;B.fJ; bJh g/Av{ ftek;
ns/ y/sh y[;ajkbh d/ w[Zd/ nkg; ftZu BIdheh Bkb i[V/ j'J/ jB.

o[Irko
g/Av{ o[Irko ftu y/shpkVh dk fj¤;k ;kb 2011^1258 ftu 52H37 gqshPs s'A x¤N e/ 2018^1959 ftu
38H74 gqshPs ofj frnk j?. g/Av{ o[Irko ftu ;/tktK y/so dk fj¤;k 2011^12 ftu 19H16 gqshPs s'A tX
e/ 2018^19 ftu 29H42 gqshPs j' frnk j?. ;kb 2011^12 ftu g/Av{ o[Irko ftu fJsckehnK wId{oh
dk nB[gks 32 gqshPs s'A x¤N e/ 2018^19 ftu 28 gqshPs s/ nk frnk j? .

58
NSSO (2014). Employment and Unemployment Situation in India. NSS 68th round. July 2011-June 2012. Available at
http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/nss_report_554_31jan14.pdf
59
2019). Periodic Labour Force Survey. Available at
http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-
18_31052019.pdf?download=1
252
fu¤so 41 L gµikp ftu o[Irko ftu ;?eNo w[skfpe fj¤;k ns/ g/Av{ gfotkoK d/ o[Irko ftu fj¤;/ dk
gqshPs
120

2018-19 100
7.6 14
29.42
80 32
19.16 27.8
38.74
60
2011-12 18 20.5
52.37 40
28.47

20 42.4 37.6

0
31.86 2011-12 2018-19
y/shpkVh T[d:'r ;/tktk ;t? o'iarko fB:ws sBykj

;kXB L ;w//A ;w/A s/ b/po c'o; dk ;ot/yD, 2018^19, Gkos ftu o'Irko ns/ p/o'Irkoh dh ;fEsh, 2011^12

B'NL fJj v?Nk ghHn?bHn?cHn?; ns/ o'irko ns/ p/o[irkoh ;fEsh fog'oN s'A fbnk frnk j?,fJjBkA nzefVnK dh s[bBK ftZu
wkw{bh coe j' ;edk j?.

g/Av{ rohph
gµikp ftu rohph o/yk s'A j/mK ofj ojh g/Av{ nkpkdh dh gqshPssk e"wh g¤Xo s/ rohph o/yk s'A j/mK
ofj ojh g/Av{ nkpkdh d/ 25H70 gqshPs d/ w[ekpb/ 7H66 gqshPs ;h. gµikp B/ pV/ wj¤stg{oD Yµr Bkb
;kb 2005 ftu 22H10 gqshPs rohph o/yk s'A j/mK tkbh g/Av{ nkpkdh ƒ 2011^12 ftu 7H66 gqshPs s/
fbnKdk j?. ;kb 2004^05 s'A 2011^12 d/ ;w/A d"okB gµikp dh g/Av{ y/soK rohph ftu 14H44 gqshPs
nµeK dh ewh nkJh j?. ;kb 2004^05 ftu Pfjoh y/soK ftubh e[b rDBk g/Av{ Bkb'A x¤N ;h gqµs{
2011^12 ftu e[b rDBk g/Av{ y/soK d/ w[ekpb/ Pfjoh y/soK ftu tX/o/ j?.

fu¤so 42L g/Av{ y/soK ns/ Pfjoh y/soK ftu e[b rDBk nB[gks

22.1%
18.7%

9.2%
7.7%

;afjoh g/Av{
2004-05 2011-12

;kXB L rohph ;pµXh gq?; B'N, gbkfBµr efwPB

 253

g/Av{ wekB T[;koh

fu¤so 43L gzikp ns/ Gkos ftZu g/Av{ wekBK dh jkbs
g/Av{ y/so d/ ftek; ns/ so¤eh ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D gzikp ftZu e/tb 7H5# g/Av{ wekB y;sk
bJh tXhnk wekB T[;koh gq;fEshnK fJe jkbs ftZu jB.
wj¤sotg{oD b'V jB. 2011 dh iBrDBk s'A gsk 7.5%
brdk j? fe gµikp ftu 45H2 gqshPs g/Av{ xoK ƒ 6.5%
e"wh n";s d/ 45H9 gqshPs w[ekpb/ “uzr/” ti'A 45.2%
45.9%
torhfeqs ehsk ik ;edk j? (fu¤so 43) .d{;o/ 47.6%
47.3%
gk;/ e"wh g¤Xo s/ 6H5 gqshPs dh e"wh n";s d/
w[ekpb/ 7H5 gqshPs g/Av{ gfotko y;skjkb xoK
uzr/ ofjD:'r y;sk
ftu ofj oj/ jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk
n?BHn?cHn?uHn?;H^4 (2015^16) s'A gsk brdk j?
;kXBL Gkos dh iBrDBk, 2011
fe e[M g/Av{ gfotkoK dk 72H4 gqshPs g¤e/ xoK
ftu ofjµdk j? id'A fe 27 gqshPs nX^g¤e/ xoK ftu ofjµd/ jB s/ e[b nkpkdh d/ e/tb 0H6 gqshPs
gfotko e¤u/ xoK ftu ofjµd/ jB.60

p[fBnkdh ;/tktK gqsh gj[µu

GKt/A gzikp ftZu pkeh okiK Bkb'A fpjso ;j{bsK jB go fco th fJjBK ftZu j'o ;[Xko dh r[zikfJP j?.e[Zb
fgzvK ftZu 100 gqshPs xkN do;kT[D tkb/ 6 fIfbnK ftu'A 5 fIb/ gµikp dh wkbtk g¤Nh Bkb ;pµX o¤yd/
jB. gkDh dh nDT[gb¤pXsk ;pµXh fJ; rµGho ;w¤f;nk bJh fIµw/tko s¤EK ftu Pkwb jB, f;µukJh bJh
T[gb¤GX IwhBh gkDh dh p/sjk;K tos'A ns/ IwhBh gkDh ftu Pkwb Gkoh XksK, ;?b/Bhnw, P'ok,
:{o/Bhnw ns/ ehNBkPe dtkJhnK. (gzikp oki ftZu g/Av{ gkDh dh r[Dtzssk dk gqpzXB)61

n?BHn?;Hn?;HU d/ ghD:'r gkDh, ;ckJh ns/ Gkos ftu wekB T[;koh gq;fEshnK ;pµXh 76t/A okT{Av
w[skfpe gµikp ftu 93H4 gqshPs g/Av{ gfotkoK ƒ e"wh n";s d/ 71H3 gqshPs62 d/ w[ekpb/ gkykB/ T[gb¤pX
jB. n?BHn?cHn?uHn?w^4 (2015^16) th do;kT[Adk j? fe gµikp ftu 99 gqshPs g/Av{ gfotkoK ƒ T[¤Bs
ghD:'r gkDh ;[ftXktK ns/ 99H6 gqshPs ƒ fpibh ;[ftXktK T[gb¤pX jB।
nktkikJh ;µgoesk

gµikp ftub/ ;ko/ fojkfJPh fgµvK ƒ g¤ehnK ;VeK Bkb i'fVnk frnk j?. gµikp e'b fJe ft;fsqs
;Ve YKuk j?. wkou 2017 d/ nµs s/ gµikp e'b 3228 feb'HwhH bµpkJh tkb/ e"wh Pkj wkor ns/ 1103
feb'HwhH bµp/ okiwkor ns/ 1,39,492 feb'HwhH bµpk ;Veh YKuk ;h। 2269 feb'HwhH bµpkJh tkbk
T[¤u^ftef;s Gkosh o/bt/ bkJhB th gµikp ftu w"i{d j?. ;{p/ ftu Gkos/ d/ e[b o/bt/ YKu/ dk brGr 3H4
gqshPs w"i{d j?.63;kb 2019^20 ftu gµikp d/ gqsh 8,171 b'eK dh nkpkdh fgZS/ fJe vke xo d[nkok
;/tk fdsh iKdh j?.

60
(2015-16). Nation Family Health Survey (NFHS-4). International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS).
61
(n.d.). Towards Managing Rural Drinking Water Quality in the State of Punjab. World Bank. Retrieved from
http://www.pbdwss.gov.in/dwss/circulars/WQ_strategy_mitigation.pdf
62
(2019). Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India. Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation. Retrieved from http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_584_final_0.pdf
63
RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States
254
 nfXnkfJ 3 L T[d:'fre ftek;

T[d:'rheoD d/P d/ nkofEe ftek; ftZu wZjstg{oD G{fwek fBGkT[adk j??.T[d:'rheoD noE ftt;Ek ftub/
YKu/ ftZu spdhbhnK eoB ftZu wdd eodk j? i' y/shpkVh d/ w[ekpb/ ihHn?;HthHJ/ T[d:'rK ns/ ;/tktK d/
tZXd/ fjZ;/ B{z do;kT[Adk j?. fJ; bJh nkofEesk d/ fNekT{ ftek; bJh iao{oh j? fe T[d:'fre y/so B{z
b'VhAdh stZi'A fdZsh ikt/ ns/ y/shpkVh y/so d/ Bkb Bkb fJ; d/ ftek; bJh e'f;a;a eoB dh b'V j?.
oki ftu T[d:'fre y/so B{z pVktk d/D bJh oki ;oeko tb'A fJzv;Nohnb n?Av fpiB; fvt?bgw?AN
gkfb;h 2017, nfX;{fus ehsh rJh, I' oki B{z ftek; ns/ y[;ajkbh d/ X[o/ tZb fbikT[D d/ ;[gB/ dk fJe
fjZ;k j?.BthA Bhsh oki d/ fNekT{ T[d:'fre ftek; bJh fJZe ;zg{oB o{g o/yk j?.fJ; Bhsh d/ w[Zy nZm
T[d/;a fit/A fe fJBcok;Neuo, gkto, wkJheo', S'N/ ns/ wZXw fJzNogqkJhfiaia, JhI nkc v{zfJzr fpiB;,
;NkoN nZg ns/ n?ANogQ?fBT[of;ag, ;feb fvt?bgw?AN, fc;eb ns/ BkB fc;eb fJB;?AfNtia ns/
;N?ej'bvo n?Ar/iaw?AN s/ nXkfos j?. fi; Bkb jo y/so bJh yk; BhshnK ftek; ftu ;jkJh j'DrhnK.
fJj Bhsh fBt/;aekoK B{z gzikp oki ftu fBt/;a eoB d/ uzr/ w"e/ gqdkB eo/rh.
;kb 2019^20(s[ozs) d"okB T[d:'r dh ftek; do 1H13 gqsh;as tXD dk nB[wkB j?. T[d:'r d/ nzdo
wkJhfBzr 17H79, w?B{c?eufozr 0H07 ns/ T[;koh 1H84 Bkb tXD dh T[whd j?. ;kb 2019^20(s[ozs)ftZu
fpibh, r?; ns/ ;j{bs y/so ftZu s/ih Bkb foetoh j'Jh j? ns/ 4H13 gqsh;as dk ;kekoswe tkXk doia
ehsk frnk j/?.

3H1 G{fwek
gzikp ftZu T[d:'fre ;?eNo dk ;w[¤u/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ ftu fJ¤e u"EkJh :'rdkB ns/ o'Irko ftZu fJe
fsjkJh :'rdkB j?। gµikp d/ T[d:'fre ;?eNo ftu ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB w?B{c/?eufozr dk j?.fi; dk
T[d:'fre ;?eNo dh ih n?; th J/ ftZu nZX/ s'A tZX fjZ;k j?.fJ; s'A pkd T[;koh j? fi;dk T[d:'fre ih
n?; th J/ ftZu fJZe u"EkJh s'A tZX fjZ;k j?.T[sgkdesk ftu id'A fe otkfJsh y/shpkVh ;pµXs ;?eNo fit/A
fe c{v gqk;?f;µr ns/ N?e;NkJhb, gkT[D tkb/ eZgV/ jkth oj/ jB, bkJhN fJµihBnfoµr ;?eNo GftZy ftZu
j'o ftek; bJh nt;o gqdkB eo ;edk j?.
oki ftZu Bt/A fBt/;a d/ gq;sktK bJh tB ;Nkg ebhno?A; w[jZJhnk eotkT[D bJh gzikp ;oeko B/ gzikp
fpT{o' nkc fJBt?;Nw?AN gqw';aB(ghHphHnkJhHgh) ;Ekgs ehsh j?.
3H2 ekor[Ikoh

2018^19 ftu gµikp ftu T[d:'fre ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H dh ftek; do ;op Gkos g¤Xo dh ftek; do nB[;ko
j?. (fu¤so 44) 2013^14 s'A 2018^19 ftueko d/ S/ ;kbK ;w/A d"okB ;op Gkosh g¤Xo *s/ T[d:'fre
;?eNo B/ ihHthHJ/H ftu 6H5 gqshPs dh n";sB ftek; do doi ehsh id'A fe gµikp B/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/
ftu 5H6 gqshPs dh ftek; do doi ehsh, ;kb 2018^19 ftu T[d:'fre ihHthHJ/H ftZu oki B/ tX/o/ uµrh
ekor[Ikoh ftykJh^ i' fe ;ot Gkos dh T[d:'fre ihHthHJ/H d/ w[ekpb/ 4H9 gqshPs ;h.;kb 2019^20
ftu fJj nk; j? fe gµikp dh T[d:'fre ihHthHJ/H dh ftek; do 0H07 gqshPs oj/rh, idfe Gkos gZXo
dh 2H4 gqsh;as Bekokswe oj/rh
256

fuZso 44L ;fEo ehwsK*s/ T[d:'fre ihHn?Z;HthHJ/H dk tkXk, Gkos ns/ gzikp

gzikp dh T[d:'fre ftek; do ;ot Gkos tKr tXD dh T[whd j?.

12.0%
10.0%
8.0%
6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%
-2.0%

Gkos gzikp

;kXBL w';gh ns/ noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

T[d:'fre ;?eNo ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ ftu fJ; dh t¤vh fj¤;/dkoh ekoD w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo ;Zw[u/ ftek; B{z
fBoXkfos eodk j?. T[d:'fre ;?eNo dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ ftZu w?B{c/eufozr dk n¤X/ s'A t¤X (fu¤so 45)
fjZ;k j?. fJ; s'A pknd T[;koh nkT[Adh j? i' fe T[d:'fre ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ ftu fJe u"EkJh s'A e[M e[ tZX dk
:'rdkB fdµdh j?.;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2019^20 ftueko w?B{c?eufozr ns/ T[;koh T[g^;?eNoK dh fj¤;/dkoh
ftu ewh nkJh j? i' fe tX/o/ eoe/ fpibh, r?;, ib ;gbkJh ns/ j'o ;[ftXktK dh tXh j'Jh fj¤;/dkoh
ekoD j?.
fu¤so 45L gzikp ftu T[d:'fre ihHn?Z;HthHJ/H ftu ;p^;?eNoK dh fjZ;/dkoh, gqubs ehwsK s/

58.2%
54.8%

30.7%
27.1% 2011-12
18.0% 2019^20(s[ozs)
11.1%

0.1% 0.1%

yfDi gdkoE ns/ gZEo w?B{c?eufozr fpibh,r?;,gkDh dh T[;koh

eZYDk g{osh ns/ j'o ;j{bs
;/tktk

;kXB L noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

fJ;/ soQK fit/A fe fu¤so 46 do;kT[Adk j? w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo ns/ T[d:'fre ;?eNo dhnK ftek; doK
e[b fwbke/ pokpo fijhnK ubdhnK jB. ;kb 2019^20(s[ozs) d"okB w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo ftZu 0H07
gqshPs tkXk j'D dk nB[wkB j? id'A fe ;w[¤u/ T[d:'fre ftek; ftu 1H13 gqshPs dk tkXk j'fJnk j?.
fiafbQnK ftZu T[d:'fre ekor[iakoh fJ; s'A gqGkts j[zdh j? fe eh T[j ;ojZd 's/ ;fEs jB ik BjhA.
 257

fu¤so 46L T[d:'fre ;?eNo ihHn?Z;HthHJ/Hdh ftek; do

18%
T[d:'r d/ y/so ftZu tkXk w?B{c?eufozr d/ tkX/ B{z do;kTAdk j?.
16%
14%
12%
10% 7.1%
8% 5% 6% 5.9%
6% 5% 4.8%
4% 4%
2% 0.1%
0%
-2%
-4%

T[d:'r w?B{c?eufozr fpibh,r?;,gkDh dh g{osh ns/ j'o ;j{bs ;/tktk T[;koh

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

3H3 T[d:'fre T[sgkdB ;{ue nze

ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ o[MkBK d/ T[bN iBob T[d:'fre T[sgkdB d/ fJµv?e; (nkJhHnkJhHghH) d/ ftek; do ftZu
;kb 2019^20 ftu ewh nkJh j?. ;kb 2018^19 ftu e[b nkJh nkJh gh dk tkXk 11H2 gqshPs ;h
idfe ;kb 2019^20 d"okB (^)1H2 gqshPs ewh nkJh j?.. w?B{c?/eufozr 80H7 gqshPs d/ fj¤;/ Bkb ;kb
2016^17 s'A fJ;/ soQK tfXnk j?,gozs{ ;kb 2019^20 d"okB xfNnk j?,feT[Afe nkJhHnkJhHghHfJe
tkfb:{w^nXkos T[gkn j? fJ; bJh T[d:'fre ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ d/ Bkb o[MkBK ftu nµso nY[etK j?, noEks
T[sgkdB dk tkXk j'D d/ pkti{d w[¤b tkXk Xhwk j' ;edk j?.
fu¤so 47L nkJhHnkJhHghH dh ftek; do

nkJhHnkJhHghH dh ftek; do nkJhHnkJhHghH dh ftek; do

5.0% 4.5% 40% 36%

4.5% 35%
4.0% 3.7%
30%
11%
3.5% 3.0% 25%
3.0% 20%
2.5% 12%
15%
2.0% 8%
10% 5% 5%
1.5% 0.9%
1.0% 5% -1.2%
-6%
0.5% 0%
0.0% -5%
2016-17

2017-18

2018-19

2019-20

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 -10%

w?B{c?/eufozr iBob fJv?e; fpibh

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

fu¤so 48 ;kb 2017^18 s'A 2019^20 d/ fsµB ;kb d/ ;w/A d"okB nkJhHnkJhHghH dh n";s ;kbkBk ftek;
do *s/ nXkos uµrh ns/ ;[;s ekor[Ikoh eoB tkfbnK ƒ do;kT[Adk j?. fit/A fe t/fynk ik ;edk j? fe
N?e;NkJhb, n?gob, ykX ns/ ghD d/ gdkoEK B/ uµrh ekor[Ikoh ftykJh j?. gµikp ftu nfXesw
258
T[sgkdB ftek; j'o w?B{c?eufozr ns/ ekrI s/ ekrI d/ T[sgkdK ftu j'fJnk j?. ;G s'A x¤N T[sgkdB
ftek; uwVk ns/ uwV/ d/ T[sgkdK, ezfgT{No,fpibh ns/ UgNheb T[sgkdK ns/ j'o r?o^Xksh yfDiK ftu
j'fJnk.
fu¤so 48L 2017^18 s'A 2019^20 d"okB nkJh nkJh gh dh n";s ;kbkBk ftek; do

13.2%
y/shpkVh nXkfos T[d:'r d{;fonK d/ w[ekpb/ wip{s gqdoPB do;kT[Ad/
11.7%

15.0% jB.

8.3%

8.0%
7.5%

7.1%
6.7%
6.7%

5.8%
10.0%

5.0%
4.9%

4.6%
4.5%
3.5%

3.4%

-16.5%
5.0%

0.0%
0.0%

-1.5%
-5.0%
-4.6%

-5.1%
-10.0%

-9.2%
-9.2%
-15.0%

-20.0%
eZgVk
ekrI ns/ ekrI dhnk pDhnK t;sK

w{b Xks T[d:'r

fpibh wPhBoh d/ T[geoD
SgkJh gqekPB s/ ;pzXs T[sgksB
coBhuo

w'No tkjB No/boI ns/ ;?wh No/boI

ghD gdkoE

gfjBD tkb/ eZgV/

o;kfJDe ns/ o;kfJD gdkoE

j'o nDXksh yfDi gdkoE

y[oke gdkoE

wPhBoh ns/ j'o n'iko

opV s/ gbk;fNe gdkoE

e'e ns/ ohckfJv g?No'bhnw gdkoE

ezfgT{No fpibh ns/ n?BeK dk T[sgkd

uwVk ns/ uwV/ dk ;wkB
j'o fBowkD

bZeV, bZeV s/ ekoe d/ ;wkB dk fBowkD

j'o ntkikJh dk ;wkB

c?pohe/Nv Xks gdkoE

ckowkf;T{Nheb,w?vheb o;kfJDe

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

3H4 o'Irko
T[d:'fre ;?eNo gµikp ftu e[b o'Irko dk fJe fsjkJh fj¤;/ dk :'rdkB fdµdk j?(ghHn?bHn?cHn?;,
2018^19)64 । fJj ;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2015^16 s'A e[M e[ t¤X j? (n?wHUHn?bHJh 2016; n?BHn?;Hn?;HU,
2014)65 T[d:'fre ;?eNo d/ ftu ;G s'A tX fj¤;/dkoh w?B{c?eufozr (54H8 gqshPs) dh j?, fi; s'A pknd

64
NSSO(2019).PeriodicLabourForceSurvey.Availableat
http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202018-
19pdf?download=1
65
Ministry of Labour and Employment (2016). Report on Fifth Annual Employment - Unemployment Survey. Available at
http://labourbureaunew.gov.in/UserContent/EUS_5th_1.pdf
NSSO (2014). Employment and Unemployment Situation in India. NSS 68th round. July 2011-June 2012.Available at
http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/nss_report_554_31jan14.pdf
PLFS 2018-19 and Employment Unemployment Survey 2011-12 are not strictly comparable
 259

fBowkD (41 gqshPs) ns/ fco fpibh ;?eNo (3H9 gqshPs) nkT[Adk j?. ;kb 2011^12 s'A fJj fj¤;/dkoh
brGr fJj' ojh j? Gkt/A ;kbK d"okB e[M spdhbhnK nkJhnK jB. o'Irko ftu w?B{c?eufozr dh fj¤;/dkoh
ftu ;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2015^16 d"okB froktN nkJh ns/ fco ;kb 2018^19 se fJj mhe j' rJh .
fJ;/ soQK T[;koh ;?eNo dh fj¤;/dkoh ;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2015^16 ftueko tX rJh ns/ fco fJ; ftu
froktN nkJh. d{i/ gk;/ fpibh, ib ;gbkJh, ns/ j'o T[g:'rsk ;/tktK dh fj¤;/dkoh ftZu fJ; ;w/A
d"okB froktN nkJh.

fu¤so 49L o[Irko ftu T[d:'fre ns/ T[g^;?eNoK dh fj¤;/dkoh

w?B{c?eufozr,T[d:'r y/so ftZu tZvk o'irko d/D tkbk j?.

41.8% 41.0%
49.5%

4.8% 3.9%
3.8%

53.4% 54.8%
45.4%

2011-12 2015-16 2018-19

T[;koh fpibh,r?;,gkDh dh g{osh ns/ j'o ;j{bs ;/tktk w?B{c?eufozr yfDi gdkoE ns/ gZEo eZYDk

;kXBL ghohnkve b/po c'o; ;ot/ 2018^19, o'iarko ns/ p/o'iarko ;fEsh Gkos 2011^12, o'iarko ns/ p/o'iarko ;ot/
2015^2016
B'NL fsBK ;oftnK dk vkNk s[[bBkswe BjhA j?.

T[;koh ;?eNo gµikp bJh fJe wj¤stg{oD ;?eNo j? ns/ fJj T[sgkdesk s'A pknd T[d:'fre ;?eNo ftu
o'Irko d/D tkbk d{ik gqw[¤y ;?eNo j? (;kb 2018^19 ftu 15 ;kb ns/ fJ; s'A t¤X T[wo d/ toeoK dk
14H51 gqshPs j?.)yokp eµw^ekih ;fEshnK ƒ t/yd/ j'J/ oki ;oeko B/ oki ftu fBowkD ekfwnK dh
;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;[o¤fynk bJh t¤y^t¤y gfjbedwhnK ehshnK jB. ;kb 2009 ftu rms gµikp
fpbfvµr ns/ j'o fBowkD ekw/ GbkJh p'ov ph U ;h toeoK (fpbfvµr ns/ j'o T[;koh ekw/) ƒ ;wkie
ns/ nkofEe bkG w[¤jJhnk eotkT[Adk j?. p'ov ph U ;h toeoK ƒ phwk ;jkfJsk, eµwekih T[geoDK, dh
yohd bJh ;jkfJsk, pkJh^;kfJeb T[geoD, ftnkj ;pzXh ;jkfJsk,w?NofBNh bkG, w"s ns/ ;z;eko
;pzXh ;jkfJsk, d[oxNBk, t¤vhnK fpwkohnK d/ fJbki bJh w?vheb you, o?e'rBhPB nkc gqkfJo
bofBµr (nkoHghHn?b) bJh ;jkfJsk ns/ j[Bo ftek;66 d/ o{g ftu eJh bkG gqdkB eodk j?. e[M ftP/P
;ehwK j/m fbyhnK jBL
• ntk; bJh ftnki ;pf;vhL
p'ov dh Pfjoh nktk; :'iBk Pfjoh fBowkD ekfwnK fiBK dh ;kbkBk nkwdB 6 b¤y o[gJ/ s'A x¤N j?, ƒ
20 ;kbK d/ ;w/A bJh bJ/ rJ/ 6 b¤y o[gJ/ d/ eoI bJh 6H5 gqshPs dh ftnki ;pf;vh gqdkB eoe/,
ft¤sh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eodh j?.

66
Source: http://bocw.punjab.gov.in/index.aspx?id=Welfare%20Schemes&Data=38
260
• g?BPB
ofi;Nov T[;koh ekwk 60 ;kb dk j'D s/ ns/ fsµB ;kb dh w?ApofPg s'A pknd 2,000$^ o[gJ/ gqsh wjhB/
dh g?BPB bJh j¤edko j't/rk.
• w'pkJhb b?p ;ehwL fJj ;ehw ofi;Nov T[;koh d/ ekfwnK ns/ T[BQK d/ gfotkoe w?ApoK dhnK
f;bhe'f;; ns/ j'o fpwkohnK dk S/sh gsk brkT[D ftu wdd eodh j?. fJ; ;ehw d/ sfjs ekw/ tb'A
you/ rJ/ 1H5 b¤y o[gJ/ s¤e dh gqfsg{osh ehsh iKdh j?.
• ft¤sh ;jkfJskL
O ofi;Nov bkGgksoh iK T[; d/ gfotko d/ w?ApoK ƒ ;XkoD ;oioh bJh 50,000$^ o[gJ/ dk ft¤sh
bkG iK n;b youk, fijVk th x¤N j't/, dh ndkfJrh ehsh iKdh j?.
o T[;koh d/ ekfwnK ns/ T[BQK d/ gfotko d/ w?ApoK ƒ n?BeK, dµd ns/ ;[DB ;pµXh T[geoDK bJh
eqwtko 800 o[gJ/, 5,000 o[gJ/ ns/ 6,000 o[gJ/ dh gqshg{osh oew gqdkB ehsh iKdh j?.
3H5H g{µih fBowkD
T[d:'fre ;?eNo ftu fBt/P gµikp ftu e[b fBt/P dk brGr n¤Xk j?. ;kb 2018^19 sZe T[d:'fre
;?eNo ftu eZ[b g{µih fBowkD ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ dk 33 gqshPs ;h (fu¤so 50) Gkt/A fBt/P x¤N j? go ;kb
2015^16 s'A fBt/P ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?.
fu¤so 50L^ gqubs ehwsK s/ T[d:'fre ;?eNo ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ d/ nB[gks d/ o{g ftu ih n?; ;h n?c

;kb 2015^16 s'A T[d:'fre y/so d/ g{zih fBowkD ftZu tkXk

45.0%
40.0% 38.2%

35.0% 32.3% 33.2%

30.2% 29.9% 31.1%
28.7% 28.3%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

e[b T[d:'fre ;?eNo ft¤u fBt/P dh pDso ftu spdhbh ojh j? (fu¤so 51). e[b T[d:'fre g{µihrs
fBowkD ;?eNo d/ w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo dk fj¤;k ;kb 2011^12 ft¤u 87 gqshPs s'A x¤N e/ 2018^19 ft¤u
67 gqshPs j' frnk. fJj ;kb 2014^15 ns/ 2016^17 ftueko n";sB 8 gqshPs froktN j?. fco th
2018^19 ftu foetoh j' rJh ns/ g{µih fBowkD ftu 16 gqshPs dk tkXk j'fJnk. ;kb 2011^12 ftu
T[;koh ;?eNo ns/ fpibh, r?; ns/ ib ;gbkJh ;?eNo dh fj¤;/dkoh brGr pokpo ;h. fco th T[;koh
;?eNo d/ fBt/P ftu brksko tkX/ ekoD e[b T[d:'fre g{µih fBowkD ftu fJ; dh fj¤;/dkoh ;kb
2018^19 ftu tZX e/ 25 gqshPs sZe j' rJh.
 261

fu¤so 51L^ T[d:'fre ih n?; ;h n?c ftu T[d:'fre T[g^;?eNo dh fj¤;/dkoh

T[d:'fre y/so ftZu g{zih fBowkD T[;koh tZb fPcN j' fojk j?.

67%

25%

8%

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

w?B{c?eufozr T[;koh fpibh,r?;,gkDh dh g{osh

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

fBt/P:'r cµvK dh T[gb¤GXsk

gµikp ftu e[b g{i µ h fBowkD ftu tkXk okPNoh o[MkBK dh soQK jh ihHthHJ/H nB[gks ftu eq?fvN dh
froktN d/ pkti{d j'fJnk.eq?fvN ftu froktN d/ okPNoh o[MkB ƒ NftB p?bµ; PhN (NhHphHn?;)
;w¤f;nk B{z fIµw/tko mfjokfJnk frnk j?. NhHphHn?; iBse y/so d/ p?AeK dh ewi'o p?b/A; ;ahN dk jtkbk
fdzdh j? feT[Afe tX/o/ ekor[ikoh tkbhnK ikfJdkdK ns/ ekog'o/N dh nukBe ftZsh ;fEsh d/ ekoD eoi/
dh xkN xZN ojh j?.fJj gµikp bJh th fejk ik ;edk j? Gkt/A d/P d/ ;w[¤u/ pekfJnk eq?fvN ftu gµikp
dh fj¤;/dkoh ftu froktN j' ojh j?। ;kb 2018^19 ftZu eq?fvN pekfJnk dh ftek; do ftZu th ewh
nkJh j? (fu¤so 52)
fu¤so 52L^ T[d:'fre ;?eNo d/ eqf? vN ftu ftek;^ Gkos ns/ gµikp

;kb 2018^19 ftZu T[d:'fre y/so d/ eoi/ dh ftek; do

25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
-5% 2011-12 2012-13 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
-10%
-15%
-20%
gzikp ;ot Gkos

;kXBL j?vp[Ze nkc ;N?fN;fNe; nkB fJzvhnB ;N/N,nkophnkJh

262
3H6 u'Dt/A T[d:'fre T[g^;?eNoL ;µy/g Mks
w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo
fit/A fe T[go t/fynk frnk j?, w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo gµikp d/ T[d:'fre ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ d/ n¤X/ s'A t¤X
ns/ oki d/ T[d:'fre o[Irko dk 55 gqshPs j?.w?B{c?eufozr ofi;Nov iK nB^ofi;Nov j' ;edk j?.
T[d:'rK dk ;bkBk ;ot/yD (J/ n?¤; nkJh) oki ftu c?eNohnK T[s/ nB[wkB w[¤jJhnk eotkTA[dk j?
fijVhnK fe c?eNoh n?eN dh Xkok 2 n?¤w (i) ns/ 2 n?¤w (ii) sfjs ofi;No ehshnK rJhnK ;B^
noEks T[j fJekJhnK iK :{fBN fijV/ fe x¤N'^x¤N 10 toeoK ns/ fpIbh Bkb ekoiPhb jB iK fpBK
fpibh s'A 20 toeoK Bkb ekoiPhb jB. nBfJBekog'o/fNv n?ANogqkJhI ;ot/ (:{HJhHn?¤;) c?eNohI
n?eN dh Xkok 2 n?¤w (i) ns/ 2 n?¤w (ii) sfjs ofi;No Bk j'J/ nBfJBekog'o/fvv T[¤dw ƒ eto eodk
j?. J/ n?; nkJh ;kb 2017^18 ns/ :{HJhHn?¤; ;kb 2015^16 dh tos'A gµikp ftu T[sgkdB dh gqfeosh
pko/ e[M frnkB jk;b eoB bJh ehsh rJh j?.
ofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr
;koDh 20, gzikp dhnK T[jBK 10 fPyo d/ T[d:'rK pko do;kfJnk frnk j? fijV/ fe oki ftu
ofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo tb'A e[¤b t?b:{ n?fvv ftu nkgDh fj¤;/dkoh g¤y'A f;yo s/ jB. fit/A fe
t/fynk ik ;edk j?, fJ; wkgdµv g¤y'A n?ro'^nXkos T[d:'r f;yo s/ jB. ykX T[sgkd, N?e;NkJhb ns/
g[PkeK e[b w[¤b ehwsK ftu 30 gqshPs d/ B/V/ dk :'rdkB gkT[Ad/ jB. wPhBoh ns/ T[geoD NqK;g'oN
ns/ Xks T[sgkdB d{;o/ j'o wj¤stg{oD ;?eNo jB. fJBQK ftu'A g{µih gqXkB ;?eNo^e[b g{µih fBowkD dh
tX/o/ fj¤;/dkoh ƒ t/yd/ j'J/^ ykX T[sgkdK, wPhBoh ns/ T[geoDK dk fBowkD eoB tkb/ jB. pknd d/
;?eNo ftu nkT[D tkbhnK c?eNohnK th ;G s'A tX/o/ w[Bkck ewkT[D tkbhnK jB fiBQK s'A pknd T[j
c?eNohnK nkT[AdhnK jB fijVhnK w'No tkjD, Nq/bo ns/ noX^Nq/boK dk w?B{c?eufozr eodhnK jB.
;koDh 20L gµikp ftu ofi;Nov T[d:'rK d/ u[Dt/A ;{ueK dh ekor[Ikoh 2017^18

oki ftZu ekoiPhb ofi;Nov ofi;Nov w?B{c?efuor

c?eNohnk dh frDsh w?B{c?efuor ;?eNo ;?eNo dk ihH;hHn?c gqsh c?eNoh
ftZu fjZ;k dk ihHthHJ/ dk fjZ;k ftZu fjZ;k bkG(bZyK ftZu)

ykD gdkoE 23% 14% 32% 20.37

N?e;NkJhbI 6% 11% 10% 88.42

wPhBoh ns/ j'o

n'Iko 8% 14% 5% 312.52

nDXksh yfDi
gdkoE 20% 6% 4% 47.31
gfjBD tkb/ eZgV/ 6% 5% 2% 33.60
w{b Xks 7% 6% 7% 89.34
j'o nktkikJh d/
T[geoD 5% 8% 7% 75.65
c?pohe/Nv Xks
gdkoE 7% 5% 4% 62.82
w'No tkjB, No/boI
ns/ ;?wh No/boI 2% 4% 5% 146.50

o;kfJDe ns/
o;kfJD gdkoE 2% 5% 4% 202.26
;kXBL J/ n?; nkJh, 2017^18
 263

nDofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr
ihHthHJ/H ftu fj¤;/dkoh g¤y'A f;yo d/ 10 ;?eNo nDofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr bJh fJZe ;wkB jB (fu¤so
53) . gfjBD tkb/ eZgV/, ykX T[sgkd, N?e;NkJhb wPhBoh ns/ T[geoD T[BQK ;?eNoK ftu'A jB, fiBQK
dh ihHthHJ/H ftu tX/o/ fj¤;/dkoh j?. gfjBD tkb/ eZgV/ dk T[d:'r dk ihHthHJ/H dk fj¤;k s[bBkswe s"o
s/ x¤N j? go c?eNohnK dh ;µfynk dk fj¤;k fInkdk j?.

pknd d/ GkrK ftu n;hA w?B{c?eufozr d/ e[M wj¤stg{oD T[g^;?eNoK s/ Mks gkT[Ad/ jK। fJzBQK ftu c{v
gqk;?f;µr, N?e;NkJhb ns/ n?gob ns/ bkJhN fJµihBnfoµr ns/ ;g'oN; ;pµXh t;s{nK d/ T[d:'r Pkwb
jB.
fu¤so 53L ;kb 2015^16 d"okB nBofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr dk ihHthHJ/ ns/ c?eNohnK dk fjZ;k
42%
y/shpkVh nkXkos T[d:'r nBofI;Nov w?B[c/eufozr ;?eNo

17%
11%
9% 8%
7% 5% 5% 5% 5%
3% 4% 3% 3% 4% 2% 2% 2% 1%
1%
bZeV, bZeV s/ ekoe d/ ;wkB dk
N?e;NkJhbI

wPhBoh ns/ j'o n'Iko

wPhBoh ns/ ;ki'' ;wkB dh ;EkgBk
coBhuo
j'o fBowkD

c?pohe/Nv Xks gdkoE ,f;tkJ/

gfjBD tkb/ eZgV/

j'o ntkikJh d/ n'Iko

ykX gdkoE

fBowkD,coBhuo ns/ c{; s/ pD/

;wkB ns/ gb/fNr wNhohnb s'
wPhBoh T[geoD

ns/ wo[zws
fJbktk

ihHthHJ/ ftZu fjZ;k

c?eNohnK dk fjZ;k

;kXBL :{ Jh n?; 2015^16

c{v gqk;?f;µr T[d:'r

T[¤u g¤Xoh gqk;?f;µr tkbk fJ¤e uµrh soQK fte;s c{v gqk;?f;µr ;?eNo w[¤b tkX/ ftu so¤eh bJh
;jkfJsk eodk j?, |;bh ftfGµBsk fte;s eodk j?, fe;kBK dh tXhnK foNoB B{z :ehBh pDkT[Adk j?,
o[Irko fte;s eodk j? ns/ Bkb jh fBo:ks nkwdB ftu tkXk eodk j?. fJj ;?eNo nBki ;[o¤fynk,
nBki d/ wfjµr/ j'D ns/ nkw iBsk ƒ Gog{o g'PfNe G'iB w[j¤Jhnk eotkT[D d/ rµGho wkwfbnK dk
;kjwDk eoB d/ th ;woE j[µdk j?. fJ; bJh fJ; ftu e'Jh j?okBh tkbh r¤b BjhA fe fJ; ƒ *;BokJhI
fJµv;Noh* fejk iKdk j?.nkw s"o s/ c{v gq';?f;zr T[d:'r Gkos ftu S'N/ ns/ fyzv/ j'J/ pkiako d/ fjZ;/dkoh
ekoD gkpzd jB. gµikp oki ftZu c;bK dh t¤X, g?dktko j'D ekoD c{v gqk;?f;µr :{fBNK ƒ fJE/ ;Ekfgs
eoB bJh fJj fJe nkdoP w[ekw j?.
;kb 2017^18 d/ T[d:'rK d/ ;bkBk ;ot/yD d/ nB[;ko c{v gqk;?f;µr T[d:'r (ykX ns/ ghD :'r
gdkoEK dk T[sgkdB d't/A jh) B/ ;kb 2017^18 ftu gµikp d/ ofi;Nov w?B{c?/eufozr ;?eNo ftu
ihHthHJ/H ftZu 38H7 gqshPs dk :'rdkB fd¤sk. c{v gqk;?f;µr ftu *nBki fwb T[sgkd, ;Nkou ns/
;Nkou T[sgkd, ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB gkT[D tkb/ ;B, fi; dk ;pµX gµikp ftu eDe ns/ M'B/ dh Gog{o
g?dktko Bkb j?. (fu¤so 54)
264
fu¤so 54L ;kb 2017^18 ftZu ofi;Nov c{v ns/ ghD gdkoE dh gq';?f;zr ftZu ihHthHJ/ dk fjZ;k

25.0% 22.8% 18.2%

15.9%
20.0% 14.5%
15.0% 9.4% 8.7% 7.8%
10.0%
5.0% 2.6%
0.0%

;kXBL J/ n?; nkJh, 2017^18

gqsh :{fBN w[Bkc/ d/ g¤y'A cb ns/ ;pIhnK dh gqk;?f;µr, whN gqk;?f;µr ns/ v/noh T[sgkd f;yo d/ 5
;?eNoK ftu'A ;B (fuso 55). fJj th |;bh ftfGµBsk dk ft;Eko eoB ns/ gP{ gkbD ƒ fte;s eoB d/
ekoD jB.
fu¤so 55L T[¤u g¤Xo dhnK ofi;Nova c{v ns/ ghD:'r gdkoE gq';?f;µr T[d:'r, 2017^18 dk w[Bkck
gqsh :{fBN (b¤yK ft¤u o[gJ/)

1600
1376
1400

1200

1000

800
607
600

400 247
200
25
0

-200 cbK ns/ ;pihnK dh whN dh gqz';?f;r ns/ ghD:'r gdkoE j'o ykX gdkoE v/noh gdkoE
gqk;?f;µr ns/ gqh;oftr
-400 gqh;oftr
-374
-600

;kXBL J/ n?; nkJh, 2017^18

nDofi;Nov T[sgkdB ftu th nBki fwb T[sgkdK ;Nkou ns/ ;Nkou T[sgkdK B/ ihHthHJ/H (:{ Jh
n?¤;, 2015^16) ftu j'o ykX T[sgkd d/ Bkb nfXesw fj¤;/dkoh dk :'rdkB fd¤sk.go fco th phto/i
w?B{c?eufozr (ghD:'r gdkoE) ihHthHJ/H gqfs :{fBN g¤y'A f;yo s/ fojk fi; s'A pknd ;pIhnK ns/ gP{
s/b nkT[Ad/ jB.
gµikp ;oeko B/ c{v gqk;?f;µr :{fBN ƒ gq's;kjB d/D bJh eJh edw u[¤e/ jB. jkb jh ftu,
fJµvhnB fJµ;NhfuT{N nk| c{v gqk;?f;µr N?eBkb"ih (nkJh nkJh n?c gh Nh) B/ pfmµvk, fty/ nkgDk ;µgoe
d|so y'fbnk j?,fi; dk wµst T[¤dw ƒ ftef;s eoBk ns/ c{v ;?eNo bJh yk; eoe/ d/P d/ T[¤soh Gkr
ftu e[Pb ekfwnK dh f;oiDk eoBk j?. e/Ado B/ gfjbK jh ;?ANob :{Bhtof;Nh nk| gµikp d/ ;fj:'r
Bkb c{v gqk;?f;µr d/ skiak o[MkBK T[s/ okPNoh ;?whBko dk nk:'iB ehsk j? ns/ j[Bo ftek; ns/
fJBfeT[p/PB ;/tktK bJh fJ; dk fJZe w[eµwb :{fBN ti'A ft;Eko ehsk ik fojk j?. fJBQK e/AdoK okjhA
nkJh nkJh n?c gh Nh c{v gqk;?f;µr d/ y/so ftu f;ybkJh w[j¤Jhnk eoe/ ckofwµr efwT{fBNh dh ;/tk
 265

eo ojh j?. fJBQK ;µgoe d|soK okjhA nkJh nkJh n?c gh Nh nkgD/ y/so dk ft;Eko eo fojk j? sK i'
;N/e j'bvoK ƒ j'o ;oft; w[j¤Jhnk eotkJh ik ;e/ ns/ T[BQK b'eK ƒ fiBK ƒ ;/tk w[j¤Jhnk BjhA
eotkJh ik ;edh T[jBK ƒ nkX[fBe seBheK gqdkB ehshnK ik ;eD. p[fBnkdh YKuk fit/A fe c{v
gqk;?f;µr :{fBN iK fJBfeT[p/PB ;?ANo, f;ybkJh ebk; o{w, f;fynkoEh j';Nb ns/ d|so ;Ekfgs ehs/
rJ/ sK i' nkJh nkJh n?c gh Nh (n?w U n?c gh nkJh 2019)67 d/ ;µgoe d|soK fty/ ;N/ej'bvo ƒ
;/tk w[j¤Jhnk eotkJh ik ;e/.
gµikp bJh gqtkfBs 3 w?rk c{v gkoeK ftu'A nµsookPNoh c{v gkoe fbwfNv ckfIbek gfjbK jh ukb{
j?,id'A fe gµikp n?ro' fJµv;NqhI ekog'o/PB fbwfNv (gh J/ nkJh ;h) b[fXnkDk ns/ ;[yihs w?rk c{v
gkoe ns/ fJBcok fbwfNv eg{oEbk nwb nXhB jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk fvt?bgw?AN nk| r[¤v e[nkfbNh
n?Av j?bdh o/vh N{ fvqµe eBe'ePB nk| fwbe Nh T[s/ oh;ou bJh 31H46 bZy o[gJ/ dh rqKN s/ o?fgv n?Av
eBcow/Noh fvN?ePB nk| fJµwg'oN?AN n?Bhwb whN p/;v c{v p'oB g?E'iBI n?Av fJN; n?;';hJ/fNv
Nke;he?N; n?Av B?u[ob Nke;he?AN :{fIµr fJw{T{B' fj;N' g?E'b'iheb n?Av w'bheT{bo N?eBhe;^J/ ;N?g
N{tovI tB j?bE eB;?gN T[¤s/ oh;ou bJh 8 b¤y o[gJ/ dh rqKN r[o{ nµrd d/t t?NohBoh n?Av n?Bhwb
;kfJµf;I :{Bhtof;Nh, b[fXnkDk ƒ d/ fd¤sh rJh j?.
N?e;NkJhbI ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB T[d:'r
gµikp ftu Gog{o ;o's nXko dh T[gb¤pXsk ns/ wIp{s eskJh ;wo¤Ek ekoD N?e;NkJhb T[d:'r
oki dh e[b T[sgkdB ftu t¤vk :'rdkB fdµd/ jB. N?e;NkJhb ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB T[d:'r B/ 2017^18
ftu gµikp d/ ofi;Nov T[sgkdB ;?eNo d/ e[¤b w[¤b tkX/ ftZu 16 gqshPs dk :'rdkB fd¤sk. 2017^18
ftu gµikp B/ N?e;NkJhbI ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB T[d:'r d/ e[b ihHthHJ/H ftu'A 47H4 gqshPs dk :'rdkB
;fgfBµr, thftµr ns/ ;{sh N?e;NkJhbI dh fcfBfPµr bJh ehsk,fi; s'A pknd ;kb 2017^18 ftu p[DkJh
ns/ eo'Phnk n?gob dk 24H9 gqshPs dk :'rdkB fojk. fJ; B/ oki ftu T[¤B nXkos T[d:'rK dh
wjs¤sk ƒ ;Ekgs ehsk. j'o N?e;NkJhbI T[sgkdB B/ th gµikp d/ N?e;NkJhbI ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB
T[d:'r ihHthHJ/Hftu 22H1 gqshPs dk wj¤stg{oD :'rdkB fd¤sk. (fu¤so 56)
fu¤so 56L ofi;Nov N?e;NkJhbI ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB, 2017^18 ftu ihHthHJ/H dk fj¤;k
47.4%

24.9%
22.1%

5.6%

N?e;NkJhbI dh p[D/ ns/ eo'u/v N?e;NkJhbI [ j'o N?e;NkJhbI dk fBowkD gfjBD tkb/ eZgV/ dk
eskJh, p[DkJh ns/ fcfBfPzr dk fBowkD fBowkD,f;tkJ/ co s'

;kXBLJ/ n?; nkJh 2017^18

gqfs :{fBN w[Bkc/ g¤y'A *w?B{c?eufor nk| ndo N?e;NkJhbI* B/ ;G s'A tfXnk ekor[ikoh fdykJh (62
b¤y o[gJ/) fi; s'A pknd *fBfNv n?Av eo'Phnk n?gob* fojk (13 b¤y). nDofi;Nov T[sgkdB ;?eNo
ftu ihHthHJ/H ftZu ;G s'A tX fj¤;/dkoh dk :'rdkB gkT[D tkbhnK g[PkeK B/ fd¤sk। (fu¤so 57)

67
Ministry of Food Processing (2019). Annual Report 2018-19. Government of India
266
fu¤so 57L nDofi;Nov N?e;NkJhbI ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB 2015^16 ftu ihHthHJ/H dh fj¤;/dkoh
p[D/ ns/ eo'u/v eZgV/ eZgV/ dh eskJh ns/
dk fBowkD p[DkJh
11# 7#

j'o eZgVk T[sgkdB

16#

gfjBD tkb/ eZgV/ dk

fBowkD,f;tkJ/ co s'
66#

;kXB L :{ Jh n?¤; 2015^16

gµikp ftu N?e;NkJhbI ƒ fte;s eoB bJh gµikp ;oeko tb'A u[¤ehnK rJhnK gqw[¤y gfjbedwhnK
ftu jkJh c?PB rkow?AN; n?Av N?e;NkJhbI ftZu nkjbk doi/ d/ e/Ado ti'A n?B nkJh nkJh n?c Nh dh
ngrq/vPB, ek¤wB n?cb{n?AN NqhNw?AN gbKN; dh ;Ekgsh ƒ ;j{bsK d/Dk ns/ N?e;NkJhb ns/ fBNthno
:{fBNK ƒ nfXesw n?c J/ nko dk T[gpµX Pkwb jB. T[d:'r ƒ w[j¤Jhnk ehs/ rJ/ ft¤sh gq's;kjBK ftu
n?; ih n?; Nh dh 100 gqshPs S'N, Jh vh ns/ n?; vh dh 100 gqshPs, ;h n?b :{$ Jh vh ;h dk
100 gqshPs ns/ gqkgoNh N?e; dh fJjBK :{fBNK B{z gzikp ftZu 100 gqshPs N?e; s'A S'N fdZsh rJh j?.
n?Aeo :{fBNK ƒ th 15 ;kbK bJh e[b n?¤; ih n?¤; Nh dh 100 gqshPs gqfsg{osh ;fEo g{µih fBt/P dk
200 gqshPs se, G"A tos'A you/$pkjoh ftek; you/ s'A 100 gqshPs sZe dh S'N 48000 o[gJ/ s¤e dh
o[Irko f;oiB ;pf;vh$eowukoh$gµi ;kb bJh ns/ x¤N' x¤N 50 J/eV oep/ bJh y/shpkVh i'B ftu G"A
tos'A d/ you/ s/ spdhbh s/ S'N (T[d:'r ns/ tDi ftGkr, 2018)68. fJµN/rq/fNv N?e;NkJhb gkoe bJh
;ehw sfjs gµikp ftu e[b 4 N?e;NkJhb gkoe ekoiPhb jB.
bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr dk r?o^ofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr ftZu brGr 6H3# fjZ;k j?. fJjBK ft¤u'A, ihthJ/ dk
fInkdkso fj¤;k Xks pµXe ns/ ;kJheb T[sgkdB jB. (fu¤so 58)

68
Department of Industries & Commerce (2018). Industrial and Business Development Policy 2017 Amended as on
30.07.2018. Govt of Punjab.Available at
http://investpunjab.gov.in/Content/documents/Notifications/Industrial_and_Business_Development_Policy_2017.pdf
 267

fu¤so 58 L ihHthHJ/H dk fj¤;k ns/ fJekJhnK dh frDsh, nDofi;Nov bkJhN fJµfiBhnfoµr T[d:'r,
2015^16
80% 72%
70%
60% 55%
50%
40%
25%
30% 18% 16%
20% 7%
10% 1% 3% 1% 1%
0%

phnfozr, r/noI,r/nfoz
w?Nb ck;NBo

T[sgkdk dk fBowkD

Xks dh ek;fNr
;kfJeb ns/ ngqwkfDe

j'o c?pohe/Nv Xks

r ns/ vqkfJftzr
rZvhnK

IhHthHJ/ ftZu fjZ;k :{fBNk dh frDsh ftZu fjZ;k

;kXBL :{ Jh n?; 2015^16

Gkos ;oeko B/ nwohek, ikgkB ns/ iowBh ftu gqd{;aD o'eEkw d/ ;ys fB:wK ƒ ftukofdnK b'j/ dh
YbkJh ƒ Gft¤y d/ ftek; bJh fJe wj¤stg{oB y/so ti'A ftP/P s"o s/ wkBsk fd¤sh j?. ;kJheb
w?B{c?eufozr, i' fe ofi;Nov ns/ r?o^ofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr d'tK ft¤u jh wj¤stg{oB j?, d/;a dhnK
fBo:ks fJ¤SktK, yk; eoe/ g/;a/to ns/ n?vt/Auo ;aq/DhnK ft¤u (T[d:'r ns/ nµdo{Bh tgko dk gquko
ftGkr, 2019)69, ƒ g{ok eoB ft¤u ;jkJh f;¤X j' ;edk j?. oki ;oeko B/ b[fXnkDk ftu jkJh^N?e
;kJheb t?bh ƒ T[s;akfjs ehsk, p[fBnkdh YKuk w[j¤Jhnk eotkT[D, rµd/ gkDh d/ NqhNw?AN, fviakJhB
;j{bsK, t/nojkT{f;µr ns/ bkfi;fNe ;/tktK fJ; ;µpµX ftu bkGdkfJe f;¤X j' ;edhnK jB (T[d:'r
ns/ tDi ftGkr, gzikp ;oeko, 2018).
y/v ;wkB T[d:'r
T[d:'rK d/ ;bkBk ;ot/yD ;kb 2017^18 nB[;ko gµikp d/ y/v ;wkB w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo dh e[b
Z
t?b:{ n?fvv ftu 0H7 gqshPs dk :'rdkB ;h.gqsh ofi;Nov c?eNoh dk bkG 94H76 b¤y o[gJ/ ;h. oki
ftu ibµXo y/v ;w¤roh dk w?B{c?eufozr e/Ado j?. gµikp ;oeko ibµXo ftu ;g'oN; r[via gkoe
;Ekfgs eoB dk fJokdk o¤ydh j?. j'o ;j{bsK d/ Bkb^Bkb, fJ; ft¤u seBkb'ih ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB
bJh fJ¤e seBkb'ih ;?ANo j't/rk. fi; ft¤u ;oNhfce/PB ns/ N?;fNzr ;?No j'Dr/.
3H7 fpIbh, r?;, ib^;gbkJh ns/ j'o T[g:'rsk ;?eNo
fpibh
gµikp fpibh dh tXdh wµr ƒ g{ok eoB ftu ;|b fojk j?. oki ftu fpibh dh nB[wkBs wµr brksko
tXh j?.;kb 2017^18 ftZu 54,812 fwbhnB :{fBN d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb 2018^19 s¤e fpibh dh nB[wkBs
wµr 55,290 fwbhnB :{fBN ;h. fpibh g?dk eoB ftu tkX/^xkN/ d/ pkti{d fpibh dh T[gb¤pXsk fpibh
dh wµr d/ brGr pokpo ojh fit/A fe (fu¤so 59) ftu ftykfJnk frnk j?.

69
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (2019). Annual Report 2018-19. Ministry of Commerce and
Industry. Available at https://dipp.gov.in/sites/default/files/annualReport_2018-19_E_0.pdf
268
fu¤so 59L gµikp ftu fpibh dh wµr ns/ T[gb¤pXsk
60000

55000

50000

45000

40000

35000

30000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

wzr(n?w :{) T[gb¤pXsk(n?w :{)

;kXBL oki tko fpibh dh iaoo

{ s ns/ T[gbpXsk j?vp[Ze nkc ;N?NfNe; nkB fJzvhnB ;N/N,nkophnkJh

e[dosh o{g ftu oki ftu fpibh dh ygs ftu brksko tkXk j'fJnk j?. oki B/ ft¤sh ;kb 2019^20
d"okB 53097H5 fwbhnB e/ vpfbT{ n?u fpibh dh ygs ehsh i' fe ft¤sh ;kb 2018^19 s'A 11 gqshPs
t¤X j?.fJj nkofEe ;µe/s jB. fit/A fe fu¤so 60 do;kT[Adk j?, 56 gqshPs fpibh ygs y/shpkVh ns/
T[d:'fre ;?eNo d[nkok ehsh iKdh j?. brGr 31 gqshPs xo/b{ ygs j?, fgSb/ ;kbK ftu fi; d/ fj¤;/
ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?.
fu¤so 60L fpibh ygs dh ;?eN'ob fj¤;/dkoh

T[d:'fre ns/ y/shpkVh ;?eNo ftZu fpibh dh 60 gqshPs ygs j?.

120

100
28.85 23.61 21.73
80 38 43.66 42.87

60 37 34.32
41.95
40 35.96 36.26
38.09
28.65 31.42
20 9.77 22.02
5.22 11.74 13.6
11.05 3.29 2.74 4.74 8.43 10.31
0 4.53 2.44 2.31 2.18
3.22
1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2018-19 2019-20

iBse o'PBh E'e ns/ j'o tgkoe xo/b{ T[d:'fre y/shpkVh BthA e?Nkroh

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp

;kb 2019 s¤e, oki ft¤u ;Ekgs ;wo¤Ek dk finkdkso fj¤;k Eowb ;o'sK s'A nkT[Adk fojk j?.Gkt/A fe,
BftnkT[D:'r ns/ ;t¤S T{oik d/ ;o's, fit/A fBT{ebhno, jkvqhU ns/ j'o BftnkT[D:'r (;{oih, jtk
nkfd) pkeh ofjµd/ ;q'sK ftu Pkwb jB (fu¤so 61). fJ; ftu j'o tkXk ;µGt j? i/eo gµikp nkgD/
ft;fsqs y/shpkVh ;?eNo ƒ d/yd/ j'J/ oki ftu pkfJUwk; dh ;aesh dk Gog{o bkG T[mkT[Adk j?.
e[¤b ;Ekfgs ;wo¤Ek ftu'A 23 gqshPs gµikp ;oeko dh j?, 47 gqshPs fB¤ih wkbeh tkbh j? ns/ 30
gqshPs e/Adoh wkbehns nXhB j?.
 269

fu¤so 61L wkou, 2019 s¤e gµikp ft¤u fpibh d/ ;kXB ;Ekgs ;wo¤Ek (w?rktkN) dh gqshPssk

BftT[D:'r T{oik
10H2#

jkJhvo' 26H9#

Eowb 61H5#

fBT{ebhno 1H4#

Eowb fBT[ebhno jkJhvo' BftT[D:'r T{oik ;qz's

;kXBL ;?ANob fJb?eNqf;Nh nEkoNh Gkos ;oeko

3H8 nkeko nXkos T[d:'rK dk torheoD

bx{ T[d:'r
n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhIH ;?eNo s[bBkswe s"o s/ x¤N g{µih bkrs s/ t¤v/ o[Irko d/ w"e/ gqdkB eoB ftu fJe
wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodk j?. n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhI g/Av{ ns/ gSV/ y/soK d/ T[d:'rheoD ftu th
;jkfJsk eodk j? fi; Bkb y/soh n;µs[bB x¤Ndk j?. n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH ;?eNo ;wkfie^nkofEe ftek;
bJh fJe fJµiB d/ s'o s/ T[Gfonk j?.
gµikp ftu nkN' eµg'BA? N;, ;kJheb g[ofinK, j"Ioh, y/vK dk ;wkB, y/shpkVh T[geoDK Bkb ;pµXs
wIp{s nXko tkb/ 2 b¤y s'A t¤X bx{ T[d:'r jB. fJBQK ftZu fgSb/ ;w/ ftu pj[s ftek; j'fJnk j? ns/
T[sgkdB d/ w[¤b ftZu ;kb 2015^16 ns/ 2018^19 ftueko n";sB 13 gqshPs dh do Bkb tkXk j'fJnk
j?.. 2018^19 d"okB n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH :{fBNK dh frDsh ftu 53,388 dk tkXk j'fJnk, fi; Bkb 2H91
b¤y b'eK ƒ o'Irko fwfbnk. e[b fwbke/ 17H8 b¤y s' tZX b'eK B{z bx{ T[d:'r ftu o[Irko gqkgs j'fJnk
j?.
bx{ T[d:'rK dk tX/o/ eoe/ T[sgkdB b[fXnkDk ftu jh e/Adfos ;h, fi; dk T[sgkdB dk w[Zb
72,916H67 eo'V o[gJ/ (fu¤so 62) ;h. b[fXnkDk s'A pknd ;zro{o (9133H02 eo'V o[gJ/),
ckfIbek(7,243H85 eo'V o[gJ/) cfsjrVQ ;kfjp (7,219H07 eo'V o[gJ/) ns/ nfwqs;o (7,073H17 eo'V
o[gJ/) dk T[sgkdB bx{ :{fBNK s' j'fJnk j?।
270

fu¤so 62L ;kb 2018^19 ftZu S'N/ gZXo d/ T[d:'rK d/ T[sgkdB ftZu u'Nh d/ gzi fibQ/ (o[gJ/ eo'V)

80000 72916.67
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
9133.02 7243.85 7219.07 7073.17
10000
0
b[fXnkDk ;zro{o ckfIbek cfsjrV ;kfjp nzfwqs;o

;kXBL vkfJo?eNo T[d:'r ns/ ekwo;, gzikp

oki dh n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH Bhsh jo ;kb 10 eb¤;NoK ftu gqsh:'rsk tXkT[D, nkw ;j{bs$;{ftXk e/Ado
;Ekgs eoB ns/ seBkb"ih e/AdoK ƒ ngrq/v eoB bJh jo ;kb 10 eb¤;NoK dk v{µxkJh Bkb nfXn?B
eoe/ fJjBk fJekJhnK d/ tkX/ ƒ s/I eoBk ukj[µdk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk Bhsh B/ t¤y^t¤y b'VK tkb/
n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhiH d/ t¤y^t¤y gVktK dh PBkys ehsh j?। n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH d/ ftek; ƒ ftnkge s"o s/
gµi gVktK ftu Pq/Dhp¤X ehsk frnk ;h^eko'pko pko/ ;'uDk, eko'pko P[o{ eoBk, eko'pko ƒ tXkT[Dk,
eko'pko ƒ w[V ;[oihs eoBk ns/ eko'pko ƒ S¤vDk ns/ gkfb;h nB[;ko fJjBK t¤y^t¤y gVktK dhnK
t¤y^t¤y b'VK Bkb ftek; ns/ ekor[Ikoh dh gj[µu Bkb Bfi¤mdh j?.
;oeko B/ T[d:'fre ns/ eko'pko ftek; nEkoNh d/ fj¤;/ t¤i'A n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhIH gµikp B{z ;Ekgs ehsk
j? sK i' j/m fby/ gqw[¤y ekoiK B{z Bfi¤md/ j'J/ ftek; T[s/ fXnkB e/Ados ehsk ik ;e/L^ i) pdb/ j'J/
nkofEe tksktoD ftu n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH dh gqsh:'rsk ƒ tXkT[Dk ii) ftsh ;µ;EktK $p?AeK s'A T[Xko iK
eoI ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Dk iii) seBkb"ih ngrq/v/PB ns/ nkX[fBe eoB bJh ;jkfJsk w[j¤Jhnk eoBk iv)
nkX[fBe iKu ;[ftXktK ns/ r[DtZsk s;dheheoB w[j¤Jhnk eoBk j?) nkX[fBe w?Bi / w?AN N?;fNzr s¤e gj[µu
w[j¤Jhnk eotkT[Dk ns/ T[sgkdeK d/ ftek;, vhikJhB ns/ g?e/fiµr bJh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoBk.
t¤v/ ns/ dofwnkB/ T[d:'r
;kb 2018^19 ftu t¤v/ ns/ dofwnkB/ T[d:'rK d/ ftek; dh do ftZu ewh nkJh j?, fi; Bkb T[sgkdB
w[¤b fgSb/ ;kb 41H6 gqshPs d/ w[ekpb/ 1H80 gqshPs tZX j'fJnk. fJ; ;w/A d"okB gµikp ftu 45 Bt/A
:{fBN ;Ekgs ehs/ rJ/ fi; ftu 7,742 j'o ftneshnK ƒ o[Irko fd¤sk frnk. gµikp ft¤u t¤v/
T[d:'fre :{fBNK dh e[b frDsh 549 ;h. fi; dh ;fEo g{µih 1,09,83,271 o[gJ/ ;h ns/ 3,44,323
ftneshnK ƒ o[Irko fdZsk frnk .
oki ftu ;G s'A t¤X T[sgkdB pfmµvk d/ w¤Xw ns/ t¤v/ T[d:'rK dk 58,766H68 eo'V o[gJ/ ;h.
pfmµvk s'A pknd b[fXnkDk (39,368H83 eo'V o[gJ/), ;zro{o (19,045H43 eo'V o[gJ/) ns/
j[fPnkog[o(10,390H37 eo'V o[gJ/) ;h. (fu¤so 63)
 271

fu¤so 63L ;kb 2018^19 ftZu fifbnk d[nkok t¤v/ ns/ dofwnkB/ g?wkB/ d/ T[dwK dk T[sgkdB dk w[Zb
(o[gJ/ eo'V)

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;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

3H9 T[d:'rK dh so¤eh bJh ehshnK rJhnK t¤y^t¤y ;oekoh gfjbedwhnK

Jhi nkc v{fJzr fpiB;
oki tZb' Jhi nkc v{fJzr fpiB; Bz{ s/I eoB bJh :'r ;[Xko j/m nB[;ko jBL^
• gzikp okJhN N{ fpiB?; n?eN 2020 d/ nXhB Bt/A n?wHn?;Hn?wHJhH tb'A nkgD/ Bt/A eko'pko dh
;a[o{nks ;?bc ;oNhfce/;aB(;t? gqhwkDeoD) d/ nXko s/ ehsh ik ;edh j?.
• ;NkoN nZg; n?wHn?;Hn?wHJhia, nkJh Nh$nkJhNh;a :{fBN ns/ p[nkfJboia ns/ xZN i'yw
tkbhnK fJwkosK bJh tZy tZy b/po ekB{zBK d/ nXhB iKu bJh ;t/?^gqwkDheoD.
• ;NkoN nZg; B{z ;oekoh N?Avo ftu siop/$NoBUto s'A S'N fdZsh rJh j?.
• fJBt?;N gzikp fpiB; co;N g'oNb fiabQk gZXo sZe tXk fdZsk frnk j?.
• ofi;No/;aB d/ BthBheoD dh ;t? wBia{oh$ykswk
• fpbfvzr gbkB (nkN' vh;h nko) dh ;t? gVskb d/ Bkb J/ehfeqs eB;Noe;aB gofwN,fJzvhnk
J/nog'oN nEkoNh(J/HJ/HnkJh)ns/ B?;aBb ;wkoe nEkoNh(n?ZBHn?Z;HJ/) s'A wBia{oh
• tZy tZy o?r{b/Noh ;z;EktK d[nkok fBrokBh bJh e/Adoh iKu f;;Nw
• ;t? gqwkJheoD d/ nXko s/ ezw ;a[o{ eoB bJh jo ;aq/Dh d/ T[d:'r B{z ghHghH;hHph dh ;t? ;fjwsh
• nkBbkJhB ns/ gkodo;ah iwhB nbkNw?AN
• tgkoe fttkdK d/ jZb bJh b[fXnkDk fty/ ewo;ahnb e'oN dh ;EkgBk
• gzikp NoK;g/o?A;h ns/ itkpd/jh ftu iBse ;/tktK n?eN 2018 d/ ;g[odrh nXhB tZy tZy
;/tktK bJh ;wK o/yktK fBoXkfos ehshnK rJhnK jB.
272

;NkoN^ng ns/ T[¤dwsk ftek;

T[d:'fre ns/ tgko ftek; Bhsh 2017 d/ Bkb, gzikp ;oeko dk T[d/;a T[d:'fre ftek; ns/
nkofEe rshftXh B{z T[s;akjs eoBk j?, ;NkoNnZg; ns/ T[dwZsk, gkfb;h d/ fJe wjZstg{oB EzwQK
ftu'A fJe j? ns/ ;NkoNng; bJh Bhsh ftu tZy tZy gfjbedwhnK dh rDBk ehsh rJh j?,
;NkoNnZg Jhe' gqDkbh nkgD/ tZy tZy yk; fjZf;nK fit/A fe fJBeT[p/NoK, ;bkjekoK, fBt/;aeK,
;z;EktK B{z oki ftu ;a[o{nks ftu ;jkfJsk bJh nkgDk frnkB ns/ w[jkos jk;b eoB bJh :'rdkB
fdzdh j?.
;NkoNnZg gzikp, gzikp ftu g';aD d/D tkb/ ;NkoNngK B{z ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoBk, ;a[o{nks eoB tkb/
T[s;akj, T[GZo oj/ T[Zdwhnk ns/ oki ftu T[Zdwh ;ZfGnkuko B{z T[s;akfjs eoB bJh gq'rokwK dh
frDsh, fJzNon?efNt ;/;aBK, j?ekEBia, p{Ne?gK nkfd dh ;jkfJsk bJh ;zrmB $ ;z;EktK Bkb
;KM/dkoh fsnko eo fojk j?.gzikp T[Go oj/ T[dZwhnK B{z nkgD/ ftukoK s/ ezw eoB ns/ fJ; B{z
nrb/ gZXo, s/ fbikD bJh fJZe ftXh pDkT[D dh gqfefonk ftu j?.
;NkonZg gzikp wZjstg{oD ftfPnk fit/A fe fJzNb?eu{nb gokgNh okfJN(nkJhHghHnkoH),
:{Bhto;NhnK ftu ;?;hNkJhia/;aB ;?;aB$;ao
[ {nksh gzikp dh ;whfynk bJh ;z;EkB,nkBbkJhB
ofi;Nq/;aB, ;KM/dkoh, ;wkrwK ns/ j'o gfjbedwhnK pko/ ;zy/g ikDekoh d/D tor/ wjZstg{oB
ftf;anK s/ ;?;aBK dh :'iBk pDk fojk j?.;NkoNnZg gzikp ;KM/ s"o s/ ;NkoNnZg fJzvhnk Bkb
fJBe[p/No wk;No ebk;K ns/ w?ANofPg ;?PBI ;NkoNnZg; bJh nk:'fis eo/rk.

fiabQk gZXoh f;zrb ftzav' f;;Nw

T[d:'r B{z ;woEB gqdkB eoB bJh ft;a/;a s"o s/ fiabQk gZXo s/ n?wHn?;Hn?wHJhH B{z oki B/ fiabQk gZZXo
s/ 22H12H2017 dh B'Nhfce/;aB BzL1906 nXhB fJZe wiap{s ns/ gqGkt;akbh f;zrb ftzv' f;;Nw
;Ekfgs ehsk j?. fJj ;kohnK o?r{b/Noh ;/tktK ns/ ftZsh gq's;kjB B{z fJZe ;Nkg ebhno?A; gqdkB
eodk j? ns/ ;j{bs ;/tktK ns/ n?wHn?;Hn?wH JhH sZe gj[zu dh ;j{bs th fdzdk j?.

pke; 9L wkJheo', bx{ ns/ dofwnkB/ T[¤dwK bJh jkb jh ftu ehs/ T[gkn
1H fJZe nkw ;[ftZXk e/Ado, fi; dk Bkw w'jkbh jkJhN?e w?Nb ebZ;No j?, pkEo{w ns/ ;?B/Noh^t/no
fcfNzrK bJh ;Ekgs ehsk frnk j? fi; dh bkrs 14H07 eo'V o[gJ/ (Gkos ;oeko ;jkfJsk 11H06
eo'V o[gJ/ ns/ ;g?Pb T[d/;a tkjB (n?;HghHthH) :'rdkB 3H84 eo'V o[gJ/ j?). Gkos ;oeko B/
nkgDh ;jkfJsk ftu'A 9H95 eo'V o[gJ/ dhnK fszB fe;asK ikoh ehshnK jB i' fe n?;HghHth d[nkok
toshnK rJhnK jB ns/ ;hHn?cH;h gq'i?eN g{ok j' frnk j?. ftGkr B/ roKN dh u"Eh ns/ nzfsw
fe;as ikoh eoB bJh n?;HghHth d/ gq'i?eN dh w[ezwb fog'oN Gkos ;oeko B{z G/I fdZsh j?.

2H 25H07H2018 B{z j'Jh ;Nhnfozr ew/Nh dh whfNzr ftu Gkos ;oeko B/ s/b eZYD tkb/ ns/ ebZ;No
gkoN, b[fXnkDk d/ gq'i?eN $ vhHghHnko B{z nzfsw gqtkBrh fdZsh ns/ 5H40 eo'V o[gJ/ dh
 273

i[bkJh,2019 ftu Gkos ;oeko B/ gfjbh fe;as ikoh ehsh.fJ; s'A fJbktk Gkos ;oeko B/
20H01H2020 B{z ;hHn?cH;h B{z 4H05 eo'V o[gJ/ dh d{ih fe;as ikoh ehsh ns/ 4H05H2020 B{z 2H70
eo'V o[gJ/ dh shih fe;as dh th gqtkBrh d/ fdZsh j?. (e[Zb e/Adoh roKN 12H15 eo'V o[gJ/ j?).
n?;ghth B/ fJjBK czvK dh tos'A eo bJh j? ns/ ;hn?c;h dk gq'i?eN g{ok eo fbnk j? ns/ ftGkr B/
Gkos ;oeko B{z roKN dh u"Eh ns/ nzfsw fe;as ikoh eoB bJh gq'i?eN dh ;wkgsh fog'oN ns/
n?;ghth dh p/Bsh B{z Gkos ;oeko B{z G/I fdZsk j?.

3H 27H02H2019 B{z j'Jh ;Nhnfozr ew/Nh dh whfNzr ftu Gkos ;oeko B/ 14H86 eo'V o[gJ/(;?ANo
;/noL^ 13H36 eo'V o[gJ/ ns/ n?;ghth ;/no ^ 1H50 eo'V o[gJ/) ckTA[voh n?Av iBob fJzihnfozr
ebZ;No,eg{oEbk d/ gq'i?eN$ vhghnko B{z nzfsw gqtkBrh fdZsh. n?;ghth B/ iwhB dh gSkD eoe/
;hn?c;h dh ;EkgBk bJh fJwkos dk fBowkD ;[o{ eo fdZsk ;h, go T[es iwhB d/ ;hn?b:{ dk
wkwbk dcaso fiabQk NkT{B gbkBo eg{oEbk, B/ oZd eo fdZsk ;h. n?;HghHth d[nkok ;hHn?bH:{ gqkgs
eoB bJh fJZe tko fco wkwbk T[es ftGkr e'b j?.

4H 2H7H2019 B{z j'Jh ;Nhnfozr ew/Nh dh whfNzr ftu Gkos ;oeko B{z 15H15 eo'V o[gJ/ dh bkrs
Bkb rkow?AN ebZ;o, b[fXnkDk ftu ;hn?c;h d/ gq'i?eN B{z nzfsw gqtkBrh d/ fdZsh j? (Gkos ;oeko
;/no 12H00 eo'V o[gJ/, oki ;oeko dk ;/no 1H50 eo'V o[gJ/ ns/ n?;ghth ;/no 1H65 eo'V
o[gJ/) . Gkos ;oeko B/ 18H8H2020 B{z 5H40 eo'V o[gJ/ dh gfjbh fe;as wBi{o eoe/ Gkos
;oeko dh ;jkfJsk ti'A, i' fe tosh ik ojh j? ikoh ehsh j?.

wkJheo', bx{ T[¤dw eb;No ftek; gq'rokw

n?wHn?;HJhH ;hHvhHghH d/ ;'X/ j'J/ ;ehw fd;ak fBod/;aK nB[;ko, Bow dybnzdkih eoB ns/ ft;Eko
fog'oN fsnko eoB bJh ftGkr B/ j[D 15 ebZ;NoI 14 vkfJrB';fNe nfXn?B fog'oNK
(vhn?;nkoI) dh gSkD ehsh j?. fJBQK 14 ebZ;NoK d/ gq;sktK ftu 7 vhghnkoI B{z ;hHn?cH;hH d/
gq'i?eN dh ;EkgBk bJh wBi{oh bJh Gkos ;oeko B{z G/fink frnk ;h ns/ T[BQK dh ;fEsh fJ; gqeko
j?.

1H 27H02H2019 B{z ;Nhnfozr ew/Nh dh whfNzr ftu Gkos ;oeko B/ 15H06 eo'V o[gJ/ d/ gq'i?eN ftu
nkN' N?e; ebZ;No, b[fXnkDk d/ vhHghHnko B{z r?o gqtkBrh fdZsh.( Gkos ;oeko P//no 12H00 eo'V
o[gJ/, ;N/N P/no 1H50 eo'V o[gJ/ ns/ n?;;hth dh fjZ;/dkoh 1H56 eo'V o[gJ/) n?;;hth e[ZM ;EkB
ns/ w;ahBoh pdbDk ukj[zdk ;h. Gkos ;oeko B/ 10H8H2020 B{z ;'XD nB[;ko Bt/A f;o/ s'A BthA ;ehw
dh sithia g/;a eoB bJh fejk.

2H 12H9H2019 B{z j'Jh ;Nhnfozr ew/Nh ftu Gkos ;oeko B/ f;bkJh w;ahB ebZ;No,b[fXnkDk B{z
14H95 eo'V o[gJ/ (Gkos ;oeko ;/no 11H96 eo'V s/ ;N/N ;/no 1H50 eo'V ns/ n?;ghgh ;/no
1H54 eo'V o[gJ/) ;aoshnk wBi{oh fdZsh. n?;hghth B/ Gkos ;oeko B{z b'AVhd/ d;askt/ia ;"Ag fdZs/ jB
ns/ nzfsw wBi{oh d/D bJh wkwbk Gkos ;oeko d/ ftuko nXhB j?.

3H 22H1H2020 B{z j'Jh ;Nhnfozr ew/Nh dh whfNzr ftu Gkos ;oeko B/ ;hn?c;h d/ vhghnko B{z 14H28
eo'V o[gJ/ dh bkrs tkb/ efNzrN{b ebZ;No, gfNnkbk d/ gq'i?N B{z gqtkBrh d/ fdZsh j?( Gkos ;oeko
;/no 11H35 eo'V o[gJ/, ;N/N ;/no 1H50 eo'V o[gJ,/ n?;ghth ;/no 1H43 eo'V o[gJ/). n?;ghth B/
274
Gkos ;oeko B{z b'VhAd/ d;skt/I ;"Ag fdZs/ jB ns/ nzfsw wBi{oh d/D bJh wkwbk Gkos ;oeko d/
ftuko nXhB j?.

fJBt?;N gµikp fpIB; c;N g'oNb dk ftek;

fJBt?;N gzikp fpiB; co;N g'oNb dk ftek; bJh o?r{b/Noh wBI{oh d/D bJh nkBbkJhB f;zrb ftzv'
f;;Nw B{z fiabQk gZXo sZe tXkfJnk frnk ns/ 14 ftGkrK dhnK 100O o?r{b/Noh ;/tktK j[D fe;/ th
ftGkr d/ nfXekoh Bkb fpBK fe;/ ;ohoe NZu g[nkfJzN d/ f;zrb ftzv' g'oNb okjhA fdZshnK ik ojhnK
jB. ;ko/ bkr{ o?r{b/Noh wBia{ohnK dh nB[e{fbs ;{uh bJh ikDekoh bJh ftikov 34 gq/oe Bt/A
n?gbhe/;aB I'V/ rJ/ fit/A fe
^voZr fBowkD, gqu{B ns/ E'e
^ekB{zBh w?Nq'b'ih
^g/qoe dh wBia{oh
^fcbw ;a{fNzr gofwN
^f;B/wk jkb
^w'pkfJb Nkto gofwN
T[d:'rK ƒ fpibh s/ ;pf;vh
ftZsh ;kb 2020^21 ftu ghHn?;HghH;hHn?b dh T[d:'fre ;pf;vh sfjs 2267H10 eo'V o[gJ/ dk e[Zb
piN gqkgs j'Jnk j?.

T[d:'fre p[fBnkdh YKu/ ƒ ngrq/v eoBk

;kfJN s/ w"i{dk ub oj/ ezwK dh ;fEsh fJ; soQK j?L^
• c/I 4 b[fXnkDk ^ ;kfJN dk 85# ezw g{ok j' frnk j?.
• ibzXo (g[okDk ns/ fwnkd ysw j' u[Zek) ^ ;kfJN dk 80# ezw g{ok j' frnk j?.
• wzvh r'fpzdrVQ ^ ;kfJN dk 90# ezw g{ok j' frnk j?.
• pfmzvk (BtK) ^ ;kfJN dk 80# ezw g{ok j' u[Zek j?.
• n?wn?;Jh^;hvhgh ;ehw nkc n?wUn?wn?;Jh d/ sfjs gmkNe'N,nzfwqs;o(BtK),r'fJzdtkb ;kfjp,
uBkb'A,j[f;ankog[o, n?;phn?; Bro, pNkbk, e'Neg{ok,BkGk(g[okDk), w'rk, ;zro{o,yzBk ns/ v/ok
pZ;h d/ c'eb g[nfJzN B{z nzsw wzBi{oh fwbh.
• 16H00 eo'V o[gJ/ dh roKN (bZrGZr) gmkBe'N, nzfwqs;o(BtK),r'fJzdtkb ;kfjp,
uBkb'A,j[f;ankog[o, n?;phn?; Bro, pNkbk, e'Neg{ok bJh Gkos ;oeko tb'A gfjbh fe;as gqkgs
j'Jh j?. ;kJhN s/ ezw ub fojk j?.
• BkGk(g[okDk), w'rk, ;zro{o, yzBk ns/ v/ok pZ;h d/ gq'i?eNK bJh nzfsw gZso cotoh,2021 ftu
ikoh ehs/ ikDr/ ns/ ibd jh gfjbh fe;as dh T[whd ehsh iKdh j?.
 nfXnkfJ 4L ;/tktK y/so
e'ftv^19 wjKwkoh B/ ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe rshftXh B{z ;fEo eo fdZsk j?. fJ; d/ n;o Bkb
gqGkts y/so jtkJh nktkikJh, ;?o ;gkNk, gqu{B, g{zih piako, s/b,nzso ok;aNoh ns/ nzdo{Bh nktkikJh
s/ o'e, :ksk :ks ns/ ;?o ;gkNk s'A nkT[D tkbh nkwdB ftu xkN/ ekoB ;/tktK y/so d/ e[Zb oki w{b
tkX/ ftu pj[s n;o j'fJnk j?.jtkJh :ksk:ks dh nkwdB th xZN rJh j?.gqtk;h wiad{oK dk g?db
gbkfJB, d/;a Go ftu bke vkT{B ekoB B"eohnK dk ysw j'Dk, o'iakBk dk ok;aB ns/ ;wkfie ;[oZfynk dh
ewh ekoB ok;aNoh gZXo ns/ gzikp ftu ;/tktK y/so dh ihn?;thJ/ ftek; do ftu froktN nkJh j?.

;/tktK y/so B/ ;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) ftu gµikp d/ e[Zb w{b tkX/ ftZu 47H18 gqshPs dk :'rdkB
gkfJnk ns/ e[¤b ekfwnK ftZu'A 40H0 gqshPs ƒ o[Irko fd¤s/. ;kb 2012^13 s'A 2019^20 (s[ozs) d"okB
;/tktK y/so dh ftek; do ;w[Zuh ftek; do Bkb'A t¤X j? fi; ftu ;/tktK y/so dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H dh
n";s ftek; do 7H02 gqshPs ojh j? id'A fe ;w[¤uh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H dh ftek; do 5H03 gqshPs j?. fJj
ftek; do w[¤y s"o *s/ tgko, w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN* ;?eNo d/ ekoB tXh j?. fJ; ;?eNo B/ ;/tktK
y/so ftu ;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) ftu seohpB 23H30 gqshPs dk :'rdkB gkfJnk j?.fJ; ;?eNo ftu,
*tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tktK* ;?eNo B/ ;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) ft¤u *tgko, w[oµws, j'NbI ns/ o?;N'o?AN*
;?eNo dhA ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftu 93H4 gqshPs dk :'rdkB gkfJnk ns/ 2011^12 s'A pknd ;/tktK y/so dh
ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftu brksko gµit/A fj¤;/ s'A t¤X dk :'rdkB gkfJnk j?.

fi¤E'A s¤e fe j'o ;?eNoK dh ekor[Ikoh dk ;pµX j?, ;/tktK y/so dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftu Gkt/A j'Nb
ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dh fj¤;/dkoh x¤N j?, go jkb jh d/ ;kbK ftu ;?o^;gkN/ dh nkwd ftu tkXk d/yD ƒ
fwfbnk j? fi; B/ 2010 ns/ 2019 d/ ftueko 27H1 gqshPs dh gqGktPkbh tkXk do foekov ehsh j?.
w[¤y s"o s/ fJj ;?eNo xo/b{ ;?bkBhnK d[nkok ubkfJnk ik fojk j? fi; ftu nµfwqs;o nkT[D tkb/
;?bkBhnK dh nkwd e[Zb xo/b{ ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd dk 70 gqshPs s'A t¤X j?. oki ftu ;?o ;gkNk d/ Bkb
:ksk:ks, d{o;µuko ns/ ft¤sh ;/tktK y/so th noE ftt;Ek dk fJe nN[¤N nµr j?. d/P ftZu oki ftu
;G s'A fiankdk ;Veh xDsk j? fi; ftu 90 gqshPs s'A t¤X ;VeK pioh dh ;sj tkbhnK jB.d{o^;µuko
;?eNo ftu tkfJob?¤; N?bh^v?Bf;Nh ns/ fJµNoB?N d/ fte;s YKu/ ekoB oki ftu rkjeK dh gqshPs
okPNoh n";s Bkb'A tX/o/ j?. ft¤sh ;/tktK fe;/ th oki d/ ftek; dk nN[¤N nµr jB ns/ gµikp ftu, fJ;
;?eNo B/ ;/tktK dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftu 10H5 gqshPs dk fj¤;k gkfJnk j?. oki ft¤u 18 gpfbe ;?eNo
p?AeK, 14 gqkJht/N ;?eNo ns/ S'N/ ft¤s p?AeK, fJ¤e y/soh fdjksh p?Ae ns/ fJ¤e ;fjekoh p?Ae Bkb pfDnk
ft¤sh ;µ;EktK dk fJ¤e tXhnk B?Ntoe j?. oki ftu eq?fvN^iwQK nB[gks okPNoh p?Auwkoe Bkb'A t¤X j?.
gµikp ft¤u th p?Ae fB:wK dh gkbDk eoe/ nkgD/ e[¤b gqtkfDs T[Xko dk 61 gqshPs soihj ;?eNoK B{z d/
oj/ jB. okPNoh g¤Xo s// o[MkB nB[;ko, noE^ftt;Ek dh gqrsh d/ Bkb oki d/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ft¤u
;/tktK y/so dk :'rdkB j'o tXD dh T[whd j?.
276

4H1 G{fwek

;/tktK d/ y/so dh ekor[Ikoh

oki dh ihHthHJ/H ftu ;/tktK y/so dk :'rdkB ;G s'A t¤vk j?.;w/A d/ Bkb Bkb gµikp dh nkofEesk w[¤y
s"o s/ y/shpkVh nkofEesk s'A ;/tktK y/so tkbh nkofEesk ft¤u spdhb j' rJh j?. nkwdBh ftu tkX/
Bkb NoK;g'oN ns/ ;µuko, p?Afeµr, ;?o^;gkNk, tgko nkfd ;/tktK dh wµr tXh j?. fJ; d/ |b;to{g,
nkofEesk d/ T[sgkdB ftu ;/tktK y/so dk fj¤;k t¤fXnk j?. fit/A fe gfjb/ nfXnkfJ ftu d¤f;nk
frnk j?, noE ftt;Ek70 d/ ;ko/ y/soK ftu gµikp ftu ;/tktK y/so dk :'rdkB ;G s'A fiankdk j?.

oki dh ihHthHJ/H ft¤u ;/tktK y/so dk fj¤;k tfXnk j?, i' fe e"wh g¤Xo d/ o[MkB d/ nB[e{b j?. ;/tktK
;?eNo B/ ;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) ft¤u gµikp d/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ft¤u 47H18 gqshPs dk :'rdkB gkfJnk, i'
fe ;kb 2011^12 ft¤u 43H79 gqshPs ;h. ;ot Gkos d/ nzeV/, ;kb 2011^12 s'A 2019^20 (s[ozs)
d"okB gµikp Bkb'A T[¤u/ oj/ jB. okPNoh g¤Xo *s/, ;/tktK y/so dk T[sgkdB ;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) ftu
e[b ihHthHJ/H dk 54H96 gqshPs fojk.;kb 2012^13 s'A 2019^20 (s[ozs) d"okB gµikp d/ ;/tktK y/so
ftu ftek; do ;w[¤u/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H Bkb'A brksko T[¤go ojh j?. fJ; ;w/A d"okB, ;/tktK y/so dh
ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftZu 7H02 gqshPs dh n";s do Bkb tkXk j'fJnk id'A fe ;w[¤u/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ft¤u 5H03
gqshPs dh do Bkb tkXk j'fJnk j?. fJ;/ ;w/A d"okB, tgko, w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?ANK B/ 7H10 gqshPs
dh T[u¤sw n";sB ;kbkBk ftek; do do;kJh, fJ; s'A pknd tk;sfte ;µgsh, xoK dh wbehns ns/
g/P/to ;/tktK ftu 6H62 gqshPs dh do Bkb tkXk j'fJnk.

fu¤so 64L gµikp ftu ;/tktK ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ dh ftek; do ns/ ;w[¤uk ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H

gzikp ftZu ;/tktK ihHn?;HthHJ/ dh ftek; do ns/ ;w[Zuk ihHn?;HthHJ/

12.0%

8.6% 6.7% 7.9% 6.4% 6.8% 7.0%

8.0% 6.9%

6.7% 5.6%
4.0% 4.6% 3.9% 5.2% 6.1% 5.3%
5.2% 3.5%

0.0%
2012^13 2013^14 2014^15 2015^16 2016^17 2017^18 2018^19 2019^20
(;'X/) (nkoiah) (s[ozs)

;/tktK y/so dh ihn?;thJ/ dh ftek; do e[Zb ihn?;thJ/ dh ftek; do

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp

70
Throughout the chapter, share has been calculated at current prices and growth rate has been calculated at
constant (2011-12) prices.
 277

;/tktK y/so d/ T[sgkdB ftu tgko, w[oµws, j'NbI ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dk ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB fojk. tgko,
w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dk ;/tktK ;?eNo dh ;µouBk ftu ;kb 2011^12 s'A gqw[¤y :'rdkBeosk d/ o{g
ftu gfjbK tKr jh ojh j?. ;koDh 21 ftu ;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) bJh ;/tktK y/so dh ihH;hHthHJ/H ftu
T[g^;?eNoK dk fj¤;k do;kfJnk frnk j?. tgko, w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?ANK B/ ;/tktK d/ T[sgkdB ftu
23H3 gqshPs dk :'rdkB gkfJnk, fJ; s'A pknd tk;sfte ;µgsh, wekBK dh wbehns ns/ g/P/to ;/tktK
B/ 19H7 gqshPs dk :'rdkB gkfJnk. oki ftu bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr T[d:'rK dh wj¤ssk d/ w¤d/BIo,
tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tktK dk T[GoBk wj¤stg{oD j?. d{i/ T[g^;?eNoK, fit/A fe NqK;g'oN, ;N'o/i, ;µuko
ns/ gq;koD Bkb ;pµXs ;/tktKl ft¤sh ;/tktKl ns/ b'e gqPk;B dk :'rdkB eqwtko 11H2 gqshPs, 10H5
gqshPs ns/ 10H7 gqshPs fojk.

;koDh 21 ftu ;kb 2018^19 ns/ 2019^20 (s[ozs) d"okB T[g y/soK dh ftek; do do;kJh rJh j?.

;koDh 21L gµikp dh ;/tktK y/so dk fj¤;k ns/ ftek;

fjZ;k (#) ftek; do ( #)

2018^19 2019^2
2019^20 (s[ozs) (nkoih) 0 (s[ozs)
tgko, j'Nb ns/ o?;'N'o?AN 23.3% 6.8% 4.3%
tgko ns/ w[ozws ;/tktK 21.8% 6.8% 4.3%
j'Nb ns/ o?;'o?AN 1.5% 5.9% 3.5%
NoK;g'o/N,;N'o/i ns/ ;zuko ns/ j'o gq;koB ;/tktK 11.2% 6.5% 3.7%
o/bt/ 1.2% 4.6% 3.7%
;Ve :ksk:ks 5.2% 7.0% 3.3%
ib :ksk:ks 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
jtkJh :ksk:ks 0.1% 10.0% 6.8%
:ksk:ks ftZu bZr/ j''o ;kXB 0.4% 6.5% 3.1%
;N'o/i 0.3% 8.3% 1.7%
;zuko ns/ gq;koB ;pzXh ;/tktK 4.1% 6.1% 4.3%

ftZsh ;/tktK
10.5% 5.6% 5.1%
tk;sfte ;zgsh,xoK dh wbehns ns/ fpiB;
;/tktK 19.7% 6.6% 4.6%
b'e gq;ak;aB
10.7% 5.4% 7.7%
j'o ;/tktK
24.6% 9.1% 8.0%

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp

278

pke; 10L ;k¤cNt/no N?eB'b'ih gkoe; ^ gµikp ftu nkJhHNhH ftek; do

gµikp tZy tZy y/soK fit/A fe ;kcNt/no fvt?bgw?AN, ebkT[v eµfgT{fNµr, fpiB; fJµN?bhi?A;, t?p;kJhN
fvt?bgw?AN, nkfd ftu brGr 150 nkJhHNhH T[XwK dh w"i{drh Bkb nkJhHNhH ;/tktK dh fJ¤e wIp{s
tksktoD gqDkbh gqdkB eodk j?. oki B/, ;kb 2017^18 ft¤u nkJhHNhH fBo:ks ftu 820 eo'V o[gJ/
doi ehs/. oki dk nkJhHNhH y/so w[¤y s"o s/ w[jkbh fty/ ;k¤cNt/no N?eBkb"ih gkoe; nkca fJµvhnk
(n?;HNhHghHnkJhH) d[nkok ubkfJnk iKdk j?, id'A fe nµfwqs;o fty/ fJe j'o n?;HNhHghHnkJhH T[;koh
nXhB j? ns/ T[whd j? fe oki ftu nkJhHNhH T[d:'r d/ gquko bJh fJe T[sgq/oe ti'A eµw eo/rh.
n?;HNhHghHnkJhH w[jkbh dh ;EkgBk 1998 ft¤u ehsh rJh ;h ns/ 35,000 s'A t¤X g/P/to B"eoh eod/
jB. fJj nfs^nkX[fBe p[fBnkdh YKu/ Bkb b?; j? ns/ fJ¤e gqrshPhb tgkoe tksktoD ƒ :ehBh
pDkT[Adk j?.

;gbkJh d/ g¤y s'A, S/ wbNh^;feb fvt?bgw?AN ;?ANo b[fXnkDk, nµfwqs;o, pfmµvk, j[f;ankog[o ns/
nkBµdg[o PfjoK ftu noµG ehs/ rJ/ jB fiBQK B/ 6,000 s'A t¤X ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ nkJhHNhH ns/ ;jkfJe
y/soK ftu f;ybkJh fd¤sh j?.

gµikp d/ nkJhHNhH ;?eNo ft¤u nkwdBh ns/ o[Irko g?dk eoB dh t¤vh ;wo¤Ek j? ns/ oki ;oeko
d[nkok fd¤s/ ik oj/ fJB;?AfNt fJ; ;?eNo ƒ nZr/ gq's;akfjs eoBr/. ;?eNo ƒ w[j¤Jhnk eotkJ/ rJ/ e[M
wj¤stg{oB gq's;kjB j/m nB[;ko jBL

nµdo{Bh ns/ nµso^oki fteoh bJh fBo'b ihHn?Z;HNhH dh gqshPssk dh gqshg{osh eoB tkbk Gkos dk
gfjbk oki.

5 ;kbK bJh gqsh ;kb gqsh eowukoh 48,000 o[gJ/ s¤e dh o[Irko ;pf;vh.

10 ;kbK bJh fpibh fvT{Nh *s/ 100 gqshPs dh S'N, ;N?Ag fvT{Nh, ;hHn?bH:{H $ JhHvhH;h ns/ gqkgoNh
N?e; s/ 10 ;kbK bJh S'N.

;kXBL Invest Punjab(http://www.investpunjab.gov.in/Static/itandits_sector)

;/tktK d/ y/so dh ekor[Ikoh

u'Dt/A okiK71 ftu ;/tktK y/so ftu gµikp dk eowukohnK dk nB[gks u'Dt/A okiK ftu ;/tktK
y/so ftu eowukohnK d/
;G s'A t¤X j?. ;kb 2018^19 dh gqsh ftnesh nkwdB d/ wkwb/ ftu nB[gks ftZu gzikp dk d{;ok
f;¤yo d/ fsµB dPw nµeK Bkb ;pµXs okiK ftu'A gzikp dh gqsh ;EkB j?.

ftnZesh nkwdB tZX j?. 2018^19 bJh ghohnfve b/po c'o; ;ot/

71
Throughout the chapter, select states include Andhra Pradesh, Gujrat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and
Telangana
 279

d/ nµeV/ do;kT[Ad/ jB fe ;/tktK y/so B/ gµikp ftu 40 gqshPs eowukohnK ƒ o[Irko fd¤sk j? (fu¤so
65) id'A fe okPNoh g¤Xo *s/ fJj 32 gqshPs j?. T[g^;?eNoK ftu'A, tgko, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN y/so
ftu eowukohnK dk ;G s'A t¤X nB[gks jB. fpjso w"fenK dh Gkb ftu, ekfwnK dk M[ekn y/shpkVh
s'A ;/tktK y/so t¤b j' fojk j?.

fu¤so 65L u'Dt/A okiK bJh ;/tktK y/so ft¤u ekfwnK dh gqshPssk

u'Dt/A okiK ftu ;/tktK d/ y/so ftu gµikp ftu eowukohnK dk nB[gks ;G s'A t¤X j?.
o[irko dh gqshPssk #

47
40 40 38 38 36 34 33 32 30

e/obk jfonkDk gzikp skfwbBkv{ eoBkNe wjKok;aNo s//bzrkBk nKXok Gkos r[iaoks
gqd/;a

;kXBL ghfoUfve b/po c'o; ;ot/, 2018^19

;/tktK y/so ftu'A tgko, w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN ftZu ekfwnK dh frDsh dh ;G s'A t¤X gqshPssk j?
(fu¤so 66) tgko,w[oµws ;/tktK ns/ j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN ;µ:[es o{g Bkb ;/tktK y/so ftu e[¤b 41H3
gqshPs eowukohnK ƒ o[Irko fdµd/ jB.

fu¤so 66L gµikp ftu ;/tktK d/ y/so ftu ekoi Pesh dh tµv (2018^19)

;/tktK y/so ftZu tgko, w[ozws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN w[Zy o'iarko d/D tkb/ jB.
tgko,w[ozws,j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN

NoK;g'o/N,;N'o/I,;zuko ns/ j'o gq;koB ;/tktK

ftZsh ;/tktK
31.8% 41.3%
tk;sfte ;zgsh,xoK dh wbehns ns/ fpiB;
;/tktK
5.1% b'e gq;ak;aB

4.5% j'o ;/tktK

3.0% 14.3%

;kXBL ghfoUfve b/po c'o; ;ot/, 2018^19

j'o ;/tktK, fiBQK ftu f;fynk ;/tktK, f;js ;/tktK, wB'oµiB nkfd Pkwb jB, nrbk gqw[¤y o[Irkodksk
j? ns/ fJjBK ;/tktK ftu 32 gqshPs eowukoh bZr/ jB. NqK;g'oN, ;N'o/i ns/ ;µuko ;/tktK fJe j'o
t¤vk ;?eNo j? i' ;/tktK y/so ftu e[¤b eowukohnK d/ 14 gqshPs d/ brGr B{z o[irko fdzdk j?.
4H2 tgko ns/ w[oµws
tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tk gµikp ftu ;/tktK y/so ftu ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB gkT[Adh j?. fit/A fe fu¤so 67
ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?. tgko, w[oµws, j'NbK ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dh ihHn?;HthHJ/ dk 93H4 gqsh;as fjZ;k
280

tgko ns/ w[ozws ;/tktK dk j?. fJ; T[g^;?eNo B/ 2011^12 s'A b? e/ j[D se ihH;hHthHJ/H ftu gµit/A
fj¤;/ s'A t¤X dk :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. (fu¤so 68) ;kb^do^;kb T[sko^uVQkn d/ pkti{d, fJj T[g^y/so
2011^12 s'A ;/tktK bJh ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB gkT[Adk fojk j?. ;kb 2018^19 bJh ghfoUfve b/po c'o;
;ot/yD d/ nµefVnK s'A gsk u¤bdk j? fe gµikp ftu e[¤b ekoia Pesh dk 15H2 gqshPs E'e ns/ gou{B
tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tktK ftu j?, i' fe Gkos d/ ;ko/ okiK ftu'A ;G s'A t¤X j?/.

fu¤so 67L tgko, w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN dh ;µouBk, 2019^20 (s[ozs)

tgko,w[ozws, j'NbK ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dk tgko,w[ozws, j'NbK ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dk

;oft; y/so d/ ihn?;thJ/ ftZu fjZ;k T[g y/soK dh ;ozuBk

tgko,w[ozws,j'Nb ns/
o?;N'o?AN

NoK;g'o/N,;N'o/i ns/
;zuko ns/ j'o gq;koB 23%
;/tktK
ftZsh ;/tktK 7%
93%

tk;sfte ;zgsh,xoK
dh wbehns ns/
fpiB; ;/tktK
b'e gq;ak;aB

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp

fu¤so 68L gµikp ftu tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tktK dk fj¤;k

23.0% 22.6% 22.4%

22.5% 22.0% 21.8% 21.9% 21.9% 22.0% 21.8%
22.0% 21.3%
21.5%
21.0%
20.5%
2011^12 2012^13 2013^14 2014^15 2015^16 2016^17 2017^18 2018^19 2019^20
(;'X/) (nkoiah) (s[ozs)

tgko ns/ w[ozws dk ;/tktK ihHn?;HthHJ/ ftZu fjZ;k

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp

;/tktK y/so dh ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN dk fjZ;k d{;o/ ;?eNoK Bkb'A xZN j?. j'Nb ns/
o?;N'o?AN dk n";s fjZ;k (2011^12 s'A 2019^20 s[ozs ftZu 1H4 gqsh;as j?. fJ; T[g y/so dh ftek; do
ftZu T[sko^uVkn fojk fJj T[g y/so 2016^17 ftZu 9H3 gqsh;as ns/ pkeh ;kbK ftZu ;z:fws
fojk.(fuso^69)
 281

fu¤so 69L ;/tktK ihHthHJ/H ftu j'NbK ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dk fjZ;k

1.6% 1.5% 1.5%

1.5% 1.5%
1.5% 1.4%
1.5%
1.4% 1.4%
1.4% 1.4%
1.3%
1.4%
1.3%
1.3%
1.2%
2011^12 2012^13 2013^14 2014^15 2015^16 2016^17 2017^18 2018^19 2019^20
(;'X/) (nkoiah) (s[ozs)

;/tktK y/so dh ihn?;thJ/ ftZu j'NbK ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dk fjZ;k

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp

4H3 ;?o^;gkNk

gzikp nkgDh B;bh ns/ ;ZfGnkukoe72 ;wfoXh bJh ftnkge s"o s/ ;¤fGnsk dk gµx{Vk wµfBnk iKdk
j?. fJ; d/ wµfdo, febQ/, :kdrkoK, nikfJp xo, w/b/ ns/ fsT[jkoK ekoB, gµikp e'b ;?bkBhnK bJh
nB/eK neoPD jB. ;?o^;gkNk y/soh ftek; ƒ tXkT[Adk j? ns/ tgko, nkwdBh ns/ T[¤dw ƒ T[sPkjs
eodk j?, fi; Bkb nkofEe ftek; ƒ j[bkok fwbdk j?.
;?bkBhnK ftu tkXk
fu¤so 70L gµikp ftu xo/b{ ;?bkBhnK dh frDsh (iBtoh^d;µpo)

500 474
446
xo/b{ ;?bBhnK dh frDsh(bZyK ftZu)

450 403
387
400
350
300 258
243
250 213
191
200
150 106
100 54
50
-
2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

xo/b{ ;?bkBh

;kXBL PunjabTourism(http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html #/StatisticsSurveys)

72
Punjab Tourism(http://punjabtourism.gov.in/#
282
fu¤so 71L gµikp ftu ftd/Ph ;?bkBhnK dh frDsh (iBtoh^d;µpo)

14.0
12.0
ftd/;ah ;?bkBhnK dh frDsh(bZyK
12.0 11.1 11
10.0
8.0 6.6
ftZu)

6.0
4.0 2.6 2.4
1.5 2.0
2.0 1.1 1.4 1.4

-
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

ftd/;ah ;?bkBh

;kXBL PunjabTourism (http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html #/StatisticsSurveys)

;?o^;gkNk ft¤u fBt/P Bkb xo/b{ ns/ ftd/Ph, d'tK gqeko d/ ;?bkBhnK ft¤u tkXk j'D eoe/ ;?eNo dk
ftek; j'fJnk j?. gµikp d/ ;?o^;gkN/ ftZu jkb jh d/ ;kbK ft¤u ;w[¤u/ ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd ftu ekch
ft;sko j'fJnk j? i' ;kb 2010 s'A 2019 d/ d"okB 27H1 gqshPs dh gqGktPkbh do Bkb tfXnk j?. ;?o
;gkNk y/so t¤v/ g¤Xo s/ xo/b{ ;?bkBhnK (oki d/ nµdo ns/ pkjo s'A) d[nkok ;µukfbs j?. ;kb 2019
ftu brGr 473 b¤y xo/b{ ;?bkBh ns/ 11 b¤y ftd/Ph ;?bkBh oki dk d"ok eo u[¤e/ jB (fu¤so 70 ns/
fu¤so 71) i' fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ xo/b{ ;?bkBhnk ftu 6 gqshPs dk tkXk ns/ ftd/Ph ;?bkBhnk dh
nkwd ftu (-)8H3 gqshPs d/ xkN/ B{z doPkT[Adk j?. ;kb 2019 d"okB ftd/Ph ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd g¤y'A
gµikp e"wh g¤Xo *s/ 8 tK ;EkB jk;b eo u[¤ek j?.(;koDh 22) fJ; y/so dk ftek; oki ;oeko d/
fBt/PK d/ Bkb^Bkb J/PhnB fvt?bgw?AN p?Ae d[nkok fJBcok;No¤euo fvt?bgw?AN fJBt?;Nw?AN gq'rokw
cko N{foIw (nkJhvhnkJhghNh) gq'i?eN (gµikp oki N{foIw gkfb;h, 2018) okjhA ikoh o¤fynk frnk j?/.
;koDh 22L ;kb 2019 ftu nkJ/ ftd/Ph ;?bkBhnK dh frDsh ftu Gkos d/ f;yo d/ 10 okiK $ e/Ado
Pk;s gqd/PK dk fj¤;k

2019 ftZu nkJ/ ftd/;ah ;?bkBh

oki$e/Ado
o?Ae
;ak;as
Bzpo gqsh;as fjZ;k(#)

1 skfwbBkv{ 68,66,327 21.9

2 wjKok;aNo* 55,28,704 17.6

3 T[so gqd/;a 47,45,181 15.1

4 fdZbh* 29,83,436 9.5

5 gZSwh pzrkb 16,56,148 5.3

 283

6 oki;EkB 16,05,560 5.1

7 e/obk 11,89,771 3.8

8 gzikp 11,01,343 3.5

9 fpjko 10,93,141 3.5

10 r'nk 9,37,113 3.0

e[Zb u'Nh d/ 10 2,77,06,721 88.2

j'o 37,01,945 11.8

e[Zb 3,14,08,666 100.0

;kXBL India Tourism Statistics at a Glance – 2020 (Ministry of Tourism)
B'N*2019 d/ v?Nk bJh ;ot Gkos dk ro"E o/N brkfJnk j?.

oki ftu ;?o ;gkN/ tkb/ n¤X s'A th fInkdk ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd nµfwqs;o ftu j[µdh j?. ;koDh 23
do;kT[Adh j? fe oki ftu ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd dk 70 gqshPs s'A th fInkdk fj¤;k nµfwqs;o (d/;h ns/
ftd/Ph) fty/ gj[µudk j?. nN[¤N o{g Bkb f;¤y Xow d/ fJfsjk; Bkb i[fVnk nµfwqs;o ;qh jfowµdo ;kfjp
ti'A ;fsekfonk iKdk j?. ;?bkBhnK bJh j'o nkeoPDK ft¤u, ifbQnKtkbk pkr ns/ tkxQk pkovo ;wko'j
gqw[¤y jB. b[fXnkDk, n?;HJ/Hn?¤;H Bro ns/ ibµXo nfij/ j'o fIbQ/ jB fiE/ ek|h ;?bkBh nkT[Ad/ jB.
nµfwqs;o, Gkos d/ T[BQK 12 PfjoK ftu'A fJe j? fiBQK ƒ Pfjo ftu fJfsjk;e ns/ ;fGnkukoe ;o'sK dh
;µGkb d/ wµst Bkb johd/ ;ehw (j?ohN/i f;Nh fvt?bgw?AN n?Av nkrw?AN/PB :'iBk) nXhB Pkwb ehsk
frnk j?.
;koDh 23L gµikp d/ w[ekpb/ nµfwqs;o ftu ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd

nzfwqs;o ftZu ;?bkBhnK dh gzikp ftZu ;?bkBhnK dh

;kb fjZ;k
frDsh frDsh
2011 11096952 16567596 67%
2012 10072719 19119943 53%
2013 12058034 21544962 56%
2014 15368340 24526751 63%
2015 16924412 26038728 65%
2016 25462627 39363061 65%
2017 25978495 41401987 63%
2018 26935017 45796030 59%
2019 34369513 48486730 71%

;kXBL gµikp N{foIw (http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html gqshPs/StaticsSurveys)

284

4H4 NoK;g'oN

;µy/g ikDekoh

;kb 2011^12 s'A 2019^20 (s[ozs) d"okB ;/tktK dh ihH;hHthHJ/H ftu'A 7H1 gqshPs d/ n";s Bkb
NoK;g'oN ;?eNo oki dh nkofEesk d/ fJe nfB¤yVt/A nµr ti'A T[Gfonk j?. oki ftu nktkikJh ;/tktK
ftu :ksk:ks d/ fsµB ;kXB jB^ (e) o/bt/ (y) ;Ve ns/ r) jtkJh. fit/A fe gµikp G{whp¤X oki j?,
fJ; d/ T[¤so ftu iµw{^ePwho, g{op ftu fjwkub gqd/P, d¤yD ns/ d¤yD^g{op ftu jfonkDk,
d¤yD^g¤Sw t¤b oki;EkB ns/ g¤Sw ftu gkfe;skB j?, fJ; bJh oki ftu gkDh okjhA nktkikJh dk
dkfJok ;hws j?. T[sokn uVQkn dh gqftq¤sh ekoB, ;kb 2012^13 s'A 2019^20 (s[ozs) d"okB :ksk:ks
;?eNo dh n";sB ftek; do 6H4 gqshPs ojh. ;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) ftu NoK;g'oN ;?eNo s'A w{b
tkXk 15836H92 eo'V o[gJ/ (gqubs ehwsK s/) j?.

gµikp ftu NoK;g'oN ;?eNo ;Ve :ksk:ks d[nkok ubkfJnk iKdk j?, fJ; s'A pknd o/bt/ nkT[Adk j?.
2011^12 s'A 2019^20 (s[os
z ) d"okB ;Ve :ksk:ks dk NoK;g'oN ftu n";s 74H9 gqshPs w{b tkXk j?.
;Ve :ksk:ks dh n";s ;kb^do^;kb ftek; do 2012^13 s'A 2019^20 (s[ozs) d"okB 6H7 gqshPs ojh,
id'A fe o/bt/ ns/ jtkJh :ksk:ks bJh eqwtko 3H8 gqshPs ns/ 35H68 gqshPs j?.
fu¤so 72L gµikp ftu NoK;g'oN ;?eNo s'A ihHthHJ/ dh ;µouBk

;Ve ns/ jtkJh nktkikJh ftZu fjZ;/dkoh

2019-20

2011-12

o/bt/ ;Ve jtkJh :ksk:ks ftZu bZr/ j''o ;kXB

;kXBL L noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

;Ve ns/ jtkJh :ksk:ks B/ :ksk:ks d/ ihHthHJ/ ftZu fgSb/ ;kbK d"okB tZX fjZ;k gkfJnk j?, id'Afe
o/bt/ dk :'rdkB x¤N frnk j? (fu¤so 72). fgSb/ e[M ;kbK ftu :ksk:ks nXhB ihHthHJ/ ftu spdhbh
nkJh j?. o/bt/, ;Ve ns/ jtkJh :ksk:ks dk ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftZu :'rdkB 2011^12 ftu eqwtko 22H4
gqshPs, 73H5 gqshPs ns/ 0H3 gqshPs ;h.;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) ft¤u, o/bt/ dk fj¤;k x¤N e/ 17H4
gqshPs j' frnk id'A fe ;Ve ns/ jtkJh :ksk:ks dk eqwtko 76H2 gqshPs ns/ 1H02 gqshPs j' frnk .
;kb 2012^13 s'A 2019^20 (s[ozs) d"okB nktkikJh d/ ;ko/ ;kXBK dh ftek; do ft¤u T[sokn uVQkn
dk o[MkB d/fynk ik ;edk j?. o/bt/ dh ftek; do 20H2 gqshPs ns/ ^12H7 gqshPs d/ ftueko j? id'A fe
jtkJh :ksk:ks dh do 177H1 gqshPs ns/ ^19H0 gqshPs d/ ftueko j?. ;Ve :ksk:ks ftu
 285

;kb^do^;kb tkXk s[bBkswe s"o s/ ;fEo fojk j?, i' fJ; ntXh d"okB 9H0 gqshPs ns/ 3H31 gqshPs
d/ ftueko pdbdk fojk j?.

:ksk:ks dk YKuk
;VeK

oki ftu ;Veh B?Ntoe :ks:ks y/so dh ohV dh j¤vh j?. fJ; dk dpdpk fJ; s¤E d[nkok j'o g[ysk j'
iKdk j? fe :ksk:ks d/ j'o ;kXB fit/A o/bt/ nkgD/ gfjb/ $ nkyoh whb ;µgoeK bJh fJ; s/ fBoGo eod/
jB. w"i{dk p[fBnkdh YKu/ B{z ngrq/v eoBk oki d/ nkofEe ftek; d/ fBoµso ftek; bJh wj¤stg{oB j?.

gµikp dhnK ;VeK dk ftek;73 uko ;µ;EktK d[nkok ehsk iKdk j?L (1) okPNoh wkorK dh d/yGkb Gkos
;oeko d[nkok ehsh iKdh j?, (2) oki wkorK dh d/yGkb oki b'e fBowkD ftGkr (ghvpb:{vh) d[nkok,
(3) Bro fBrw ndkfonK d[nkok BroK dhnK ;VeK ns/ (4) g/Av{ ;VeK nµPe s"o s/ ghvpb:{vh d[nkok
ns/ e[M j¤d se g/Av{ ftek; ftGkr ns/ gzikp wzvh p'ov d[nkok d/yhnK iKdhnK jB. jkbKfe fJj
d/fynk frnk j? fe NoK;g'oN ;?eNo d/ t¤y^t¤y gfjb{nK dh g{osh bJh gqPk;B d/ ;ko/ g¤XoK s/ eJh
;µ;EktK dh Pw{bhns :'iBkpµdh ns/ Bhshrs c?;fbnK ƒ gqGkts eodh j?.
fu¤so 73Le[¤b ;VeK dh gqshPs d/ s"o s/ eµeohN fu¤so 74L;Ve dh xDsk gqsh 100 tor (feHwh ftZu)
dhnK ;VeK

gzikp dhnK 90 gqsh;as s'A tZX ;VeK ezeohN ;Ve xDsk gqsh 100 tor feHwhH
dhnK jB.
619
100% 92%89%
86%83%
90% 79%
80% 70%69%
70% 60%60%
60%
50% 277
40% 203 201 188 184
30%
20% 92
10%
0%

;kXBL Gkos d/ p[fBnkdh ;Ve nµeV/, ;Ve nktkikJh ns/ okiwkor wµsokbk, Gkos ;oeko

31 wkou,2017 s¤e gµikp dhnK 90 gqshPs ;VeK ƒ eµeohN eo fd¤sk frnk ;h (fu¤so 73). fJ; d/
Bkb jh s[bBk:'r okiK ft¤u ;G s'A tX/o/ ;Ve xDsk gµikp dh j? (fu¤so 74).

73
TERI (2015) Green Growth in Transport Sector in Punjab
286

oki ftu ;kb 2016^17 d/ nµs s¤e e[¤b ;Ve dh bµpkJh 1,39,493 feb'whNo ;h. fgSb/ ;kb d/
w[ekpb/ ;VeK dh bµpkJh ft¤u 29 gqshPs dk tkXk j'fJnk j?, fi; ftu w[¤y s"o s/ g/Av{ ;VeK dk ft;Eko
ehsk frnk. wkou 2017 s¤e ;VeK dh e[¤b bµpkJh ft¤u g/Av{ ;VeK dk fj¤;k 72 gqshPs ;h, fJ; s'A
pknd Pfjoh ;VeK ns/ fIbQk ;VeK ;B fiBQK dk e[¤b ;Ve bµpkJh ftu eqwtko fj¤;k 13 gqshPs ns/ 5
gqshPs ;h. gµikp e'b 2,769 feb'whNo e"wh wkor ns/ 1,103 feb'whNo oki wkor ;B. t¤y t¤y
fe;wK dhnK ;VeK dh ;Ve bµpkJh ;koDh 24 ft¤u do;kJh rJh j?.
;koDh 24L gµikp dhnK t¤y t¤y fe;wK dhnK ;VeK dh bµpkJh

;VeK dh fe;w bzpkJh (feHwh)

31H03H2016 sZe 31H03H2017 sZe

ok;aNoh wkor 2,769 2,769

oki wkor 1,133 1,103

fiabQ/ dhnK ;VeK 6,930 6,980

;afjoh ;VeK 17,534 17,868

fdjksh ;VeK 70,362 101,123

gq'i?eN ;VeK 9,651 9,650

e[Zb 108,379 139,493

;kXBL Gkos d/ p[fBnkdh ;Ve nµeV/, ;Ve nktkikJh ns/ okiwkor wµsokb/, Gkos ;oeko

fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ 2018^19 ftu w'No tjheb ofi;Nq/;B ftu 7H7 gqshPs dk tkXk doi ehsk
frnk. 31 wkou, 2018 ƒ 106H22 b¤y tkjB d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp e'b 31 wkou,2019 sZe, 114H43 b¤y
ofi;Nov w'No tjheb ;B, yak;eo, d'gjhnk tjhebK ns/ w?e;h e?pK d/ wkwb/ ft¤u fJj tkXk pj[s
fInkdk ;h. fJ; dk ekoB b'eK d/ t¤X oj/ nkwdB g¤Xo ns/ fJBQK tjhebK dh n;kB T[gbpXsk j?.
oki d/ fIfbQnK ftu'A, b[fXnkDk, ibµXo ns/ nµfwqs;o (x¤Nd/ eqw nB[;ko) fty/ ofi;Nov w'No tjhebK
dh frDsh ;G s'A fInkdk j?.
 287

fu¤so 75L fwsh 31H03H2019 s¤e gµikp ft¤u w'No tkjBK dh tµv

0.2% 0.5% 10.1%

9.2%
2.6% 1.1% pZ;K
jbe/ tkjB
Eoh ftboia
N{ ftboia
wkb tkjB
w?e;h e?p
j'o
76.3%

;kXBL oki nzeVk ;ko, gzikp

w'No tjheb ofi;Nq/PB dh ouBk d'gjhnk tkjBK d/ dpdp/ ƒ do;kT[Adh j? (fu¤so 75). fgSb/ ;kb d/
w[ekpb/ 2018^19 ft¤u 8H0 gqshPs dh ;bkBk ftek; do Bkb, tkjBK dh e[¤b wksok ftu 76H3 gqshPs
d' gjhnk tkjB ;B, fJ; s'A pknd jbe/ w'No tkjB (10H1 gqshPs) ns/ wkb tkjB (2H6 gqshPs) ;B.
fgSb/ ;kbK d"okB oki ft¤u tkjBK dh xDsk ft¤u ftneshrs tkjBK dh t¤X ojh fj¤;/dkoh Bkb eJh
r[Dk tkXk j'fJnk j?. fJ; d/ |b;o{g GhV, gkofeµr, jtk gqd{PD, ;Ve d[oxNBktK, nkfd torhnK
rµGho ;w¤f;nktK ;kjwD/ nkJhnK jB. fJ; bJh oki dh jfonktb ns/ ;[ykt/A ofjD :'r tksktoD ƒ
:ehBh pDkT[D bJh tkjBK d/ tkX/ ƒ fB:µsfos eoB ns/ gpfbe :ksk:ks d/ ;kXBK t¤b fbikT[Dk Io{oh
j?.

o/bt/
fu¤so 76L2018^19 d/ nzs sZe okikA ft¤u o/b xDsk (feb'whNo ftu)
gµikp ftu 2,759 feb'whNo d/ ofBµr
o/bt/ xDsk gqsh 1000 tor HfeHwh No?e Bkb o/bt/ dk B?Ntoe tXhnk
60 57 55 Yµr Bkb fte;s j? i' Gkos d/ e[b
50 44 42 o/bt/ B?Ntoe dk 2H9 gqshPs pDdk
40 32 j?. o/b xDsk d/ ;µdoG ftu, gµikp
27 nkgD/ s[bBkswe okiK d/ w[ekpb/ 55
30 23
20 ofBµr No?e; gqsh 1000 tor
10 feb'whNo d/ Bkb tXhnk gqdoPB
0 eodk j?. (fu¤so 76) gµikp g{oph
;wofgs co/N ek¤ohv'o
(JhHvhHn?¤cH;hH) dk th fJe fj¤;k j?,
i' fe 1,839 feHwhH bµph co/N bkJhB
j? i' gµikp d/ b[fXnkDk s'A g¤Swh
;kXBL Gkosh o/bt/ ;bkBkp[Ze, 2018^19 pµrkb d/ vKe[Bh s¤e ftSh j'Jh j?.
B'N ofBµr No?e dh xDsk gqsh 1000 tor feb'whNo Bkb wkgh rJh j?. Jhvhn?c;h dh T[;koh Bkb oki ftu
tgko d/ eJh w"e/ y[bQ rJ/ ns/
T[d:'rK ƒ ckfJdk j'fJnk j?, i' nktkikJh bJh o/bt/ T[¤s/ fBoGo eod/ jB.
288
Pfjoh jtkpkIh
oki ft¤u Pfjoh jtkpkIh dk ftek;, so¤eh ns/ ekB{zBh fB:w, Pfjoh jtkpkIh ftGkr d/ nfXeko y/so
ft¤u nkT[Ad/ jB. ftGkr d[nkok w[j¤Jhnk eotkJhnK iKdhnK ;/tktK ft¤u BthAnK jtkJh g¤NhnK,
n?o'vo'wI ns/ jtkJh n¤fvnK dh ;EkgBk, T[vkD ns/ rbkJhfvµr eb¤pK ƒ
ft¤sh ;jkfJsk, oki ;oeko d/ jtkJh ijkIK, j?bhekgNoK dh yohd, o¤y^oykn ns/ fBgNko/ nkfd
Pkwb jB. fJ; ;w/A oki ftu gµi jtkJh n¤v/ jB, i' nµfwqs;o, pfmµvk, b[fXnkDk, gmkBe'N ns/
gfNnkb/ ft¤u ;fEs jB. ;qh r[o{ okw dk; ih, nµfwqs;o ftZu fJe nµsookPNoh jtkJh n¤vk j?,
nfjwdkpkd, pµrb"o, e'fJµpN{o, fd¤bh, j?dokpkd, w[µpJh, g[D/, PqhBro nkfd tor/ t¤v/ Gkosh PfjoK ns/
e[nkbkbµg[o, pofwµxw, bµvB, d[pJh, d'jk, f;µrkg[o, skPeµd, nkfd tor/ d/PK Bkb ;µgoe gqdkB eodk
j?.
4H5 N?bhek¤w

‘;µuko ns/ gq;koD Bkb i[VhnK ;/tktK* B/ ihHthHJ/H ;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) ftu 9483H30 eo'V74 o[gJ/
ns/ fJ; B/ 4H1 gqshPs :'rdkB gkfJnk. ;kb 2012^13 s'A 2019^20 (s[ozs) d/ d"okB fJ; T[g y/so dk
n";s fjZ;k ;/tktK dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftZu 4H1 gqshPs ;h i' fJ;/ ;w/A d"okB 7H4 gqshPs dh n";s do
Bkb tfXnk j?.

I{B 2020 seZ e"wKsoh n";s d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp ftu gqsh 100 nkpkdh ftu tkfJob?¤; N?bh^v?Bf;Nh ns/
fJµNoB?N rkjeK d/ Bkb N?bhekw ;?eNo fJe ftek;Phb gVkn s/ j?. (fFu¤so 77) N?bh^v?Bf;Nh, i' gqsh
100 nkpkdh ftu N?bhc'B e[B?ePBK dh frDsh d¤;dh j? ns/ oki ftu N?bhekw d/ gq;ko dh ;{ue j?.
N?bhekw o?r{b/Noh nEkoNh nkca fJµvhnk (NokJh) d/ nµeV/ do;kT[Ad/ jB fe gµikp ftu tkfJob?¤;
N?bh^v?Bf;Nh e"wh g¤Xo s/ 84H38 d/ w[ekpb/ 122H19 j?. fJ;/ soQK, oki dh gqsh 100 dh nkpkdh s/
fJµNoB?N d/ rkjeK dh n";s 55H41 dh e"wh n";s d/ w[ekpb/ 84H32 j?. oki, g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh, d't/A y/soK
ft¤u T[go'es ;µe/sK d/ nXko s/ oki okPNoh n";s Bkb'A fpjso j?, id'A fe oki ft¤u N?bh^v?Bf;Nh ns/
fJµNoB?N rkjeh d'BK ftu wj¤stg{oB Pfjoh^g/Av{ nµso w"i{d jB.
fu¤so 77L Gkos ns/ gµikp ftu gqw[¤y N?bhekw ;µe/se

tkfJob?Z; N?bhv?Bf;Nh fJzNoB?N rkjeK dh frDsh 100 dh nkpkdh fgZS/

132.32
190.71
98.35
84.32
133.53
122.19
55.41
84.38 74.86 47.96
58.72 33.00

e[Zb fdjksh ;afjoh e[Zb fdjksh ;afjoh

gzikp Gkos gzikp Gkos

;kXBL N?bhekw o?r{b/Noh nEkoNh nkc fJµvhnk (fJµvhnB N?bhekw ;oftf;I gockow?A; fJµvhe/No;, ngq?b^i{B 2020)

74
In Current Prices
 289

;koDh 25L 30 i{B, 2020 s¤e gµikp ns/ Gkos dh N?bhekw ;fEsh

gzikp Gkos
fJzvhe?No e[Zb g?Av{ Pfjoh e[Zb g?Av{ Pfjoh

tkfJob?Z; N?bhv?Bf;Nh(#) 122.19 74.86 190.71 84.38 58.72 133.53

tkfJobkfJB
N?bhv?Bf;Nh(#) 1.69 0.68 3.14 1.47 0.24 3.82

Utonkb N?bhv?Bf;Nh(#) 123.88 75.54 193.85 85.85 58.96 137.35

tkfJob?Z;
;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB
ftZu) 36.88 13.36 23.51 1140.71 521.60 619.11
tkfJobkfJB
;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB
ftZu) 0.51 0.12 0.39 19.81 2.09 17.72
e[Zb
;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB
ftZu) 37.39 13.48 23.90 1160.52 523.69 636.83
po'Avp?Av
;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB
ftZu) 25.03 8.00 17.03 698.23 267.80 430.43
B?o'p?Av
;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB
ftZu) 1.42 0.56 0.86 50.84 25.30 25.54
e[Zb fJzNoB?ZN
;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB
ftZu) 26.46 8.56 17.90 749.07 293.10 455.97
fJzNoB?ZN ;p;eokfJpoI
gqsh 100 nkpkdh fgZS/ 84.32 47.96 132.32 55.41 33.00 98.35
;kXBL N?bhekw o?r{b/Noh nEkoNh nkc fJµvhnk (fJµvhnB N?bhekw ;oftf;I gockow?A; fJµvhe/No;, ngq?b^i{B 2020)
4H6 ft¤sh ;/tktK
t¤X ojh nkwdB ft¤sh ;/tktK dh wµr ƒ Io{oh pDkT[Adh j? fi; ftu g/P/to ;/tktK fit/A pus, G[rskB,
phwk, eq?fvN ns/ XB ns/ ;µgshnK d/ gqpµXB Pkwb jB. gµikp ft¤u ;/tktK d/ y/so dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H
ft¤u ftZsh ;/tktK dk ;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) d"okB fj¤;k 10H5 gqshPs j?. 2012^13 s'A 2019^20 (s[ozs)
d"okB 4H6 gqshPs dh n";sB ftek; do d/ Bkb, ;kb 2019^20 (s[ozs) ft¤u T[g^;?eNo dk
ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H 24,479H56 eo'V o[gJ/ (gqubs ehwsK s/) j?.
ft¤sh y/so fJe noE ftt;Ek d/ ;w[¤u/ ftek; ftu wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodk j? ns/ ft¤sh ;µ;EktK
fJ; ;?eNo dk fJe nfjw fj¤;k jB. fe;/ th oki ftu ft¤sh ;/tktK dh T[gbpXsk ns/ r[Dt¤sk dk
ft;sko oki ftu w"i{d ft¤sh ;µ;EktK d/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ *s/ fBoGo eodk j?. fJ¤e ft¤sh ;µ;Ek,
ftneshnK ns/ eko'pkoK d'jK ƒ iwQK, T[Xko ns/ fBt/P dhnK ftfGµB fe;wK gqdkB eodh j?. p?Ae, phwk
eµgBhnK, pq'eo/i cowK ft¤sh ;µ;EktK dhnK e[M gqw[¤y fe;wK jB i' p?AeK t¤b'A iBse pus ƒ i[NkT[D
290

ns/ fBt/PeK ns/ eoIk b?D tkfbnK bJh T[Xko dh T[gbpXsk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D ft¤u wj¤stg{oD G{fwek
fBGkT[AdhnK jB.
gµikp dh p?Afeµr o{go/yk
fu¤so 78L gµikp ftu y/so ns/ tor nB[;ko p?Ae PkyktK dh tµv
gA/v{ y/soK ftZu p?Ae ;akyktK dk ;G s'A tZvk iBse y/so d/ p?AeK ftZu ;G s'A tZX p?AeK dh
fjZ;k j?. frDsh11%j[zdh j?.
6%

27%
25% 58%
43%

iBse y/so p?Ae

fBZih y/so ns/ S'N/ ftZs p?Ae
30%
y/soh g/Av{ p?Ae
fdjksh T[g ;afjoh ;afjoh ;fjekoh p?Ae

;kXBL foIot p?Ae nkc fJzvhnk

;sµpo 2020 s¤e, gµikp e'b gpfbe ;?eNo d/ 18 p?Ae, 14 fB¤ih ;?eNo ns/ S'N/ ft¤s p?Ae,1 y/soh
fdjksh p?Ae ns/ 1 ;fjekoh p?Ae ;w/s e[Zb 7371 poKuk jB. fJ¤e p?Ae Pkyk n";sB 4,08375 dh nkpkdh
ƒ ;/tktK gqdkB eodh j?. fu¤so 78 ftu do;kJ/ nB[;ko fJjBK PkyktK dh tµv y/soK d/ Bkb Bkb Pq/Dh
nB[;ko ehsh rJh j?. fJj ;g¤PN j? g/Av{ fJbkfenK ft¤u e[¤b pqKuK ft¤u'A 43 gqshPs d/ Bkb g/Av{ p?Ae
dhnK PkyktK dh ;µfynk fInkdk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, gpfbe ;?eNo dhnK p?Ae PkyktK e[¤b PkyktK ftu'A
58 gqshPs (4280 PkyktK) jB, fiBQK ftu fdjksh y/soK ftu 1556 ns/ T[g^Pfjoh ns/ Pfjoh
fJbkfenK ftu eqwtko 1385 ns/ 1361 PkyktK jB.

u'Dt/A okiK ftZu gzikp ftZu ;G s'A fiankdk ewo;ahnb p?Ae jB.(fuso 79)wiap{s p?Afezr B?Ntoe Bk
f;oca ftZsh ;aw{bhns B{z T[s;akfjs eodk j? pbfe nkofEe rshftXhnK ns/ bkGekoh fBt/;a ftu th
ftfGzBsk fbnkT[Adk j? feT[Afe fJj iBse pus B{{z iNkT[D ftu ;j{bs fdzdk j?.

75
Population figures provided by MOSPI for 2018-19
 291

fu¤so 79L 31 d;zpo 2019 sZe gqsh 1000 tor feb'whNo oep/ ftZu ewofPnb p?Aek dh frDsh

gµikp ftu p?Afzer B?ZNtoe dh wip{s ftt;Ek

176

137
120
93
57 48 47 46 45 45

e/obk gzikp jfonkDk skfwbBkv{ eoBkNe s//bzrkBk Gkos nKXok wjKok;aNo r[iaoks
gqd/;a

;kXBL oki nzeVk ;ko,gµikp

p?AeK t¤b'A iwQK ns/ eoI/
;kb 2019 ft¤u gµikp ft¤u P?fvT{bv ewoPhnb p?AeK dh e[¤b iwQK ns/ eoi/ dh oew tXh j??. p?AeK
d[nkok iwQK ns/ eoI/ noE ftt;Ek ft¤u g?;/ d/ gqtkj d/ ;µe/s jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk, p?AeK d[nkok fd¤s/
e[¤b eoI/, y/shpkVh, T[d:'r, ftneshrs ygsekoK nkfd dhnK eoIk io{osK d/ ;{ue jB. gµikp d/
P?fvT{bv ewoPhnb p?AeK dhnK e[¤b iwQK oewK ;kb 2018 d/ w[ekpb/ 2019 ft¤u 9H14 gqshPs tXhnK
jB. fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb 2019 ft¤u y/shpkVh, T[d:'r ns/ ftneshrs ygsekoK ƒ T[Xko ftu
tkX/ d/ pkti{d e[b gqtkfBs eoI/ ftu 6H9 gqshPs dk tkXk j'fJnk j?.
eoIk^iwQk (;hvh) nB[gks, i' p?AeK d[nkok gqkgs iwQK okPhnK s'A wBI{o ehs/ eoI/ dk nB[gks j?, T[j
okPNoh p?Auwkoe Bkb'A t¤X j?. T[¤u nB[gks do;kT[Adk j? fe p?Ae nkgDh iwQK s'A t¤X eoI/ g?dk eo oj/
jB ns/ fJ;/ soQK fJ; d/ T[bN th ;jh j?.Gkos ft¤u eoIk^iwQk nB[gks bJh okPNoh p?Auwkoe 60
o¤fynk frnk j?. gµikp ft¤u, ;kb 2018 ns/ 2019 bJh P?fvT{bv ewoPhnb p?AeK bJh eoIk^iwQk
nB[gks eqwtko 68H3 ns/ 62H2 ojh j?.idfe 2015 s'A 2019 sZe d/ ;w/A d"okB eoIk^iwQk nB[gks d{;o/
T[¤u nkwdB tkb/ okiK Bkb s[bBk fJj dZ;dh j? fe eoIk^iwQk nB[gks d{;o/(skfwbBkv{,nKXok
gqd/;a,s/bzrkBk,wjKok;aNo,r[iaoks,jfonkDk ns/ eoBkNe) ftZu E'Vh tZX j?.
;koDh 26L gµikp ft¤u nB[;{fus tgkoe p?AeK bJh p?Afeµr ;µe/se (wkou d/ nµs s¤e ns/ o[gJ/ fpbhnB
ft¤u)
fJzvhe/Noia 2018 2019 pdbkt(# ftZu)
e[Zb iwQK 3478 3796 9H14#
e[Zb eo?fvN 2209 2362 6H9#
T[g:'rsk d/ ;EkB d/ nB[;ko eo?fvNFfvg'fiaN
nB[gks(gqsh;as) 68H3 62H2 T[gbpZX BjhA j?
y/shpkVh bJh e[Zb eo?fvN 711 692 (^)2H7#
T[d:'r bJh e[Zb eo?fvN 706 610 (^)13H6#
e[Zb fBZiah eoia 429 485 13H1#

;kXBL j?Avp[¤e nkca fJµvhnB ;N?fN;fNe;, nkophnkJh

292

4H7 L t¤y t¤y ;oekoh gfjbedwhnK

;Ve nktkikJh

;Ve nktkikJh dk BthBheoBL gµikp ;oeko B/ gµikp o'vt/I d/ w"i{dk p[fBnkdh YKu/ ƒ ngrq/v eoB
bJh gfjbedwhnK ehshnK jB. NoK;g'oN ftGkr d/ eµfgT{NoheoB, g[okDhnK p¤;K ƒ pdbDk ns/
foetoh t?BK dh yohd, ;ofjµd ns/ pfmµvk fty/ Bt/A p¤; n¤v/ dh T[;koh, nµfwqs;o d/ :{E j';Nb fty/
nµsookPNoh p¤; NowhBb dh w[oµws nkfd bJh th edw u[¤e/ rJ/ jB.

ftek; J/iµ;hnK Bkb ;fj:'rL gµikp ;oeko B/ ;VeK d/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ ƒ fpjso pDkT[D bJh ftPt p?Ae
ns/ Bkpkov d/ Bkb fwb e/ eµw ehsk j? fi; ftu BthAnK ;VeK dk fBowkD, w"i{dk ;Veh B?Ntoe ƒ u"Vk
eoBk ns/ g[bK dh T[;koh nkfd Pkwb jB.

Pfjoh jtkpkIh

Pfjoh jtkpkIh d/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ dk BthBheoBL uµvhrVQ nµsookPNoh jtkJh n¤v/ d/ oBt/ ƒ ngrq/v
ehsk ik fojk j? ns/ tZv/ jtkJh ijkIK ƒ ;µGkbD bJh fJ; dh bµpkJh tXk e/ 10,500 c[¤N ehsh ik ojh
j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk x¤N o';aBh ftu jtkJh ijkIK ƒ ;µGkbD bJh ;hJ/Nh 3 ph nkJhn?bn?; f;;Nw th
brkfJnk ik fojk j?.

okPNoh T[¤uso f;¤fynk nfGnkB ;ehw sfjs gfNnkbk fty/ gµikp oki J/no'B'fNeb fJµihBhnfoµr
ekbi dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh j?. dkybk gqfefonk nekdfwe ;?PB 2018 s'A P[o{ j' u[eh j?.

y/soh e[B?eNhftNh ;ehw (nkoH;hHn?¤;H) d/ sfjs, gµikp ;oeko B/ Gkos, ;oeko Bkb b[fXnkDk,
pfmµvk, gmkBe'N ns/ nkdwg[o s'A T[vkDK P[o{ eoB bJh J/nobkJhB ;µukbeK ƒ fonkfJsK $ ;jkfJsk
gqdkB eoB bJh ;wM"fsnK *s/ d;sys ehs/ jB. fJ; :'iBk sfjs T[vkDK gfjbK jh b[fXnkDk, pfmµvk,
gmkBe'N ns/ nkdwg[o s'A P[o{ j' u[¤ehnK jB.

;?o ;gkNk

;?o^;gkN/ ƒ T[sPkjs ns/ ;?o^;gkNk p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ ftek;L fgqµN ns/ fJb?eNqkfBe whvhnk okjhA pqKv
Sth pDkT[D ns/ gquko w[fjµwK, o'v P'n d/ nk:'iB ns/ fJµNo?efNt t?p;kJhN d/ ftek; bJh gfjb ehsh
rJh j?. fIbQk g¤Xoh ;?o^;gkN/ ns/ ftok;sh ;[;kfJNhnK ƒ T[sPkjs eoB bJh fJ¤e ekog; cµv th
pDkfJnk frnk j?. gµikp ;oeko B/ oki ftu ;?o^;gkNk p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ ftek; bJh J/PhnB ftek;
p?Ae Bkb ;fj:'r ehsk j?.
 nfXnkfJ 5 ;afjoh ftek;

;afjoheoD fe;/ d/;a d/ nkofEe ftek; ftZu nfjw G{fwek ndk eodk j?. ;afjoheoD ns/ nkofEe
ftek; d/ ftueko fJZe wiap{s ;pzX j?. d{i/ ;apdK ftZu s/ia ;afjoh ftek;, ihHvhHghH ftek; ftZu spdhb
j[zdk j? ns/ ;afjoheoB nkw s"o s/ nkX[fBeheoB ns/ T[d:'rheoB d/ Bkb j[zdk j?.T[d:'freheoD ns/
nkX[fBeheoB d/ pr?o e'Jh th d/;a rohp s'A fte;s nkofEesk tZb fte;s BjhA j' ;edk , I' fe ygs
ns/ ihtB gZXo B{z ;[Xko e/ ;afjoheoB d[nkok ;zGt j?.
gzikp ftZu ;afjoheoB s/iah Bkb tZX fojk j?. gzikp ftZu ;afjoheoB dh do ;ot Gkosh gZXo Bkb'A
tX/o/ T[Zuh ojh j?. ;kb 2011 ftZu seohpB 37# nkpkdh gzikp d/ ;afjoh fJbkfenK ftZu ofjzdh ;h id'A
fe ok;aNoh gZXo s/ 31# ;h.gzikp dh finkdkso ;afjoh tZ;'A b[fXnkDk, nzfwqs;o,ibzXo,gfNnkbk ns/
r[odk;g[o d/ ;afjoh fJbkfenK ftZu ofjzdh j?.b[fXnkDk gzikp dk ;G s'A tZX ;afjoheoD tkbk fibQk
j?.fi; dh npkdh oki dh e[Zb npkdh dk 20# j?. ibzXo ns/ gfNnkbk B{z eqwtko shi/ ns/ u"E/ ;EkB
s/ fgZS/ SZv e/ nzfwqs;o oki dk d{ik ;G s'A tZX ;afjoh fibQk j?. id fe gzikp d/ ;G s'A xZN ;afjoh fibQ/
fpjko ns/ fjwkub gqd/;a d/ e[Zb ;afjoheoB Bkb'A tX/o/ ;afjoh jB. wekB T[;koh ns/ ;afjoh wkwb/
wzsokb/ tZb'A ;kb 2018 ftZu ehsh doikpzdh nB[;ko Gkos d/ 111 ;afjoK ftZu'A fszB ;wkoN ;afjo
b[fXnkDk,nzfwqs;o ns/ ibzXo eqwtko 35,76 ns/ 77t/A Bzpo s/ jB.
;afjoh gzikp ftZu ihtB dh r[DtZsk dk w[bKeD fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe gzikp j'o okiK (fJe' fijh gqsh
ftnesh nkwdB tkb/) d/ w[ekpb/ w[ZYbhnK ;/tktK sZe gj[zu ftZu fpjso gqdo;aB eo fojk j?. gzikp
dhnK ;kohnK ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK B{z y[ZbQ/ ftZu ;a"u s'A w[es x'f;as ehsk frnk j?/ ns/ e{Vk eoeN
fJZemk eoB ns/ e{Vk eoeN tZy eoB ftZu th soZeh ehsh j?. fJ;/ soQK szdo[;s gzikp torhnK ;ehwK
B/ f;js ;pzXh p/jso Bshi/ gqkgs eoB ftZu ;jkfJsk ehsh j?.
;afjoh y/soK d/ :'iBkpZX ftek; ns/ ;afjoh npkdh bJh iBse ;/tktK bJh ;afjoh ;EkBe ;/tktK
(:{Hn?bHph) dk rmB ehsk frnk .gzikp ftZu 167 ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK (:{Hn?bHphia) jB. ;EkBe
;z;EktK d/ ftZs ft;ab/;aD s'A gsk uZbdk j? fe ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK dk e[Zb wkbhnk 2015^16 ftZu
2,787 eo'V o[gJ/ s'A tZX e/ 2019^20 ftZu 3636 eo'V o[gJ/ j' frnk j?/ xo/b{ wkbhnK fJeZmk eoB ns/
oki ns/ e/Ado dhnK spdhbhnK s'A fJbktk :{Hn?bHph*ia fwT{A;hgb pkvK ns/ g{b ftZs tor/ czvK B{z
fJeZmk eoB d/ j'o ;ao's d/ T[gokb/ eo ;edk j?.

5H1 gµikp ftu PfjoheoB

;µy/g Mks

;afjoheoB B{z ne;o nkofEe ftek; dk ;ekokswe gqarNktk wzfBnk iKdk fojk j?.;afjoheoB s'A fpBK
nkofEe ns/ ;wkfie ftek; j'bh j' ;edk j?. gzikp Gkos d/ pj[s ;ko/ fjZf;nK Bkb'A tX/o/ ;afjoh j?
fJ; bJh fJj npkdh d/ szr ;w{j Bkb'A tZvh iB;zfynk d/ Bkb y[;ajkbh B{z ;KMk eodk j?.

oki ftZu s/iah Bkb ;afjoheoB j'fJnk j?. skfwbBkv{, wjKok;aNo,r[ioks ns/ eoBkNe s'A pknd
gzikp, Gkos dk 5tK ;afjoh oki j?. fuZso 80 iBrDBk 2011 d/ nB[;ko ;afjoh npkdh oki dh e[Zb
npkdh dk 37H48# j? I' fe ok;aNoh n";s 31H61# d/ w[ekpb/ pj[s fiankdk j?. ;afjoh npkdh dk fjZ;k
1951 ftZu 21H72# s'A tZX e/ 2011 ftZu 37H48# j' frnk j?. 2001^2011 d/ no;/ d"okB ;afjoh npkdh
dk djke/tko tkXk ok;aNoh n";s 27H60# d/ w[ekpb/ 26H11# j?, fiZE/ fJZe djke/ d"okB oki dh e[Zb
npkdh tkXk e"wh n";s 17H64# d/ w[ekpb/ 14H22# ;h. fJj ;gZ;aN j? fe gzikp ftZu ;afjoh npkdh dh
ftek; do ekch T[Zuh ojh j?. n;b ftZu oki jw/;aK jh Gkos ftZu T[Zu ;afjoheoB tkb/ okiK ftZu fojk
j?.
294

fuZso L80 ;afjoheoB d/ o[MkB gzikp pBkw Gkos

40 37
34
35
30
30 28
23 24 31
25 22 28
26
20 24
15 20
17 18
10
5
0
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
gzikp ftZu ;afjoh npkdh dh gqsh;assk Gkos ftZu ;afjoh npkdh dh gqsh;assk

;kXBL Gkos dh iDrDBk (t¤y^t¤y ;kb)

fJj fXnkB d/D :'r j? fe ;afjoh npkdh ftZu tkXk, g/Av{^;afjoh gqtk; ekoB j'fJnk j?. gfjbK, y/shpkVh
tkb/ xoK dh nkwdB tZXD ekoB T[j tXhnK ;j{bsK ns/ w"fenK bJh ;afjoh fJbkfenK tZb ub/
rJ/.d{ik, tZvh frDsh ftZu b'e y/shpkVh d/ w;ahBheoB ekoB y/shpkVh ftubh b/po dh io{os xZN j'D
ekoD ;afjoK tZb ub/ rJ/. sh;ok b[fXnkDk, ibzXo, nzfwqs;o ns/ n?;HJ/Hn?;HBro,okiwkorK d/ Bkb
brd/ T[d:'fre rfbnko/ dk ftek;, nkb/ d[nkb/ d/ fJbkfenK s'A ;afjoK tZb npkdh ikD dk ekoB
pfDnk j?.

;afjoh npkdh dh tzv

uzr/ ftek; bJh fJj io{oh j? fe ftek; dh gqfefonk B{z ;zs[fbs pDkfJnk ikt/ . nkfX[fBeheoB ns/
;afjoheoB bJh th fJj io{oh j?. gµikp dh n¤Xh s'A t¤X Pfjoh nkpkdh gzi fIfbQnK ft¤u e/Adfos j? .
;koDh 27 do;kT[Adh j? fe ;kb 2011 ftu gµikp d/ u'Nh d/ gµi fIfbQnK ft¤u ;G s'A t¤X Pfjoh nkpkdh
j?.fJ; s'A ;gPN j? gµikp dh n¤Xh Pfjoh nkpkdh b[fXnkDk, nµfwqs;o, ibµXo ns/ gfNnkb/ fIfbQnK
ft¤u t¤;dh j?. fJBQK Pfjoh e/AdoK d[nkok fd¤shnK iKdhnK tXhnk ;j{bsK ns/ o[Irko d/ w"fenK s'A
fJbktk, nµfwqs;o, b[fXnkDk ns/ ibµXo d/ Bkb^Bkb nµfwqs;o^e'beksk T[d:'fre bKx/ dk ftek; b'eK
bJh fJBQK PfjoK t¤b gotk; eoB dk fJ¤e wIp{s ekoB j? . don;b, gµikp ft¤u g/Av{^Pfjoh gqtk;
dk 45H3 gqshPs fJBQK 4 PfjoK ft¤u gotk; ehsk j?. t¤X ojh Pfjoh npkdh dhnK b'VK dh g{osh bJh,
b[fXnkDk, nµfwqs;o ns/ ibµXo ƒ ;wkoN f;Nh dk doik fd¤sk frnk j? i' fJBQK PfjoK ftu p[fBnkdh
YKu/ dhnK ;[ftXktK ftu tkXk eo/rk.

;koDh^27 oki dh ;fjoh iB;µfynk ftu w[¤y gµi fifbQnk dk fj;k,2011

oki dh ;afjoh
o?Ae fibQ/
nkpkdh ftZu fjZ;k

1 b[fXnkDk 19.9%

2 nzfwqs;o 12.8%

3 ibzXo 11.2%
 295

4 gfNnkbk 7.3%
fuZso 81L gzikp ftu ;afjoh nkpkdh dh
;EkfBe tzv, 2011 (gqsh;as ftZu)
5 r[odk;g[o 6.3%

;afjoh nkpkdh dh fJe;ko tzv Bk j'D Bkb ;afjoh

e/AdoK dhnK w"i{dk p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK s/ dpkn g?Adk
j?. 2011 dh wodw;a[wkoh nB[;ko gzikp d/
;aq/DhtkJhia ;afjoK ftZu t;dh nkpkdh B{z ;koDh 28
ftZu g/;a ehsk frnk j?. fJ; s'A gsk uZbdk j? fe
finkdkso (58#) ;afjoh tZ;'A ;q/Dh fJZe ;afjoK
ftZu ofjzdh j?.fJ; soQK ;afjoheoD r?o ;wkB bhj
nB[;ko tZXdk j? s/ fJ;/ soQK tZXdk oj/rk. i' fe ;kXBL Gkos dh iBrDBk, 2011
wekB,ib ;gbkJh,fpibh,;hto/i ,m'; e[Vk gqpzXB
nkfd w'i{dk ;j{bsK dk fBozso ngrq/v ns/ tkXk wzrdk j?. fJ; d/ Bkb fJj wzBDk gt/rk fe gzikp
;oeko ;afjoh ;j{bsK ns/ S'N/ ;afjoK ftZu T[gbZpX ;j{bsK B{z g/Av{ y/so ftZu ngrq/v eo fojk j?.

;koDh^28 ;?A;ia dhnK ;aq/DhnK nB[;ko ;afjo $ e;p/, 2011

;afjoh nkpkdh
;afjoh $ e;p/ ;q/Dh %fjZ;k 2011 dh
2001 2011
iBrDBk nB[;ko

;q/Dh I (nkpkdh 100,000 ns/ T[go) 48,19,089 60,63,248 58.31

;q/Dh II ( nkpkdh 50,000 s'A 99,999) 13,14,224 16,77,646 16.13

;q/Dh III (nkpkdh 20,000 s'A 49,999 ) 10,82,085 13,52,294 13.00

;q/Dh IV (nkpkdh 10,000 s'A 19,999) 8,10,753 8,82,071 8.48

;q/Dh V (nkpkdh 5,000 s'A 9,999) 2,13,410 3,48,406 3.50

;q/Dh VI (nkpkdh 5,000 s'A xZN) 22,950 75,481 0.73

I'V 82,62,511 1,03,99,146 100

;kXBL 15t/A ftZs efw;aB dk w?w'ozvw ,gzikp ;oeko.

2011 dh iBrDBk B/ fJj do;kfJnk j? fe gzikp dh ;afjoh npkdh dk 50# s'A tZX fjZ;k ;afjoheoB tkb/
gzi fifbQnK (b[fXnkDk,nzfwqs;o,ibzXo,gfNnkbk ns/ r[odk;g[o) ftZu e/Adfos j?.gzikp ftZu tZv/ ;afjoh
e/AdoK d/ tkX/ fgZS/ tZvk ekoB fBowkD ns/ T[d:'fre fJekJhnK dk fJBQK fifbQnK ftZu e/Adfos j'Dk
j?.T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ fJZeb/ b[fXnkDk ftZu jh e[Zb ofi;Nov fBowkD :{fBNK dk 30H61# w"i{d j?.

M[¤rh M"AgVhnK
g/Av{ y/soK ftZu r?o :'iBkpZX gqtk; ;afjoh fJbkfenK ftZu M[ZrhnK,p/o[iarkoh ns/ rohph d/ tkX/ dk ekoB
pDdk j? fJj M[Zrh M"gVhnK tZv/ ;afjoK d/ uko/ gk;/ w"i{d jB I' fiankdk GhV ns/ ;afjoh rohph dh
296
;wZf;nk dk ekoB pDd/ jB.fit/A fgSb/ Gkr ftu d¤f;nk frnk j?, g/Av{ b'e d'B'A o;wh ns/ r?o o;wh
o[irko dh Gkb ftu Pfjoh y/soK ftu ub/ iKd/ jB. ra?o o;wh B"eoh d/ w"fenK ftu xo/b{ ;jkfJsk,
fpbfvzr fBowkD tkbh EK dk eµw nkfd Pkwb jB. goµs{ x¤N sBykj ns/ feckfJsh fojkfJPh ;j{bsK dh
xkN tor/ ekoDK d/ ;[w/b ekoD, gqtk;h r?o o;wh p;shnK dk ;jkok b?Ad/ jB ns/ nD;[ykt/A ns/ ne;o
gqd{;fas y/soK ftu ofjµd/ jB, fiE/ ghD tkbk ;kc gkDh ns/ ;?BhN/PB torhnK w[¤YbhnK ;j{bsK dh xkN
j? fit/A fit/A j'o b'e T[ZE/ ofjD nkT[Ad/ jB, r?o o;wh t¤;D tkfbnK dk g{ok ;w[dkfJ T[Godk j?, fi;
Bkb M[¤rhnK^M"AgVhnK dhnK p;shnK ftu tkXk j[µdk j?.

okPNoh ;fEsh dh soia s/, gµikp th rµdhnK p;shnK dh ;w¤f;nk dk ;kjwDk eo fojk j?. M[¤rhnK d/
fJbkfenK ftu ofjD tkb/ 1H4 fwbhnB b'eK d/ Bkb, M[¤rh M"AgVh tkfbnK dh gqshPssk gµikp dh e[b
nkpkdh dk 5H3 gqshPs j?, i' fe e"wh g¤Xo *s/ 5H4 gqshPs d/ tX/o/ B/V/ j? (fu¤so 82) .
fu¤so 82 gzikp ns/ j'o okiK ns/ :{HNhia ftZu M[Zrh M"AgVhnK ftZu ofjD tkbh nkpkdh (e[Zb iB;zfynk
dh gqsh;a;sk),2011

gzikp ftZu M[Zrh M'gVhnK dh gqsh;assk ok;aNoh gZXo d/ pokpo j?

14%

12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0%
w/xkfbnk

e/obk
gZv{uoh

uzvhrVQ

eoBkNek

r'nk
T[sokyzv

fsqg[ok

T[Vh;k

no[Bkub gqd/;a
fjwkub gqd/;a
gzikp

nzv/wkB ns/ fBZe'pko

fpjko
Mkoyzv
nKXok gqd/;a

skfwbBkv{

n;kw
wZX gqd/;a

f;ew

Bkrkb?v

r[ioks
SZsh;rVQ

gZZSwh pzrkb
fdZbh
wjkok;aNok

jfonkDFk
fwI'ow

Izw{ ns/ e;awho

T[so gqd/;a
oki;EkB

States & UTs India

;kXBL Gkos dh iBrDBk, 2011

n?;HvhHihH ;µe/se 1H4H1L p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK tkb/ xoK ftu ofjD tkbh nkpkdh dk nB[gks
n?;HvhHih fJµvhe/No p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK tkb/ xoK ftu ofjD tkbh nkpkdh d/ nB[gks ƒ do;kT[Adk j?.
;koDh 29 gµikp ns/ s[bBkswe okiK d/ ;afjoh y/soK ft¤u w[YbhnK ;j{bsK tkb/ xoK d/ nµefVnK ƒ
g/; eodk j?.
 297

;koDh 29L xoK ƒ w[¤YbhnK ;j{bsK (gqshPs ftu)

ghD tkb/ gkDh dh

fpibh dh ;j{bs tkb/ xo
oki ;j{bs tkb/ xo fpBK b?NohBK tkb/ xo (%)
(%)
(%)

2008- 2008-
2011 2018 2012 2018 2012 2018
09 09

gzikp 98.9 100.0 99.3 99.7 100.0 5.0 6.2 0.2

eoBkNe 92.3 96.7 97.9 99.5 99.6 11.3 9.0 4.3

r[iaoks 97.0 99.7 99.0 98.9 98.2 7.3 6.2 3.6

jfonkDk 96.7 100.0 98.3 99.3 99.9 8.4 1.4 0.2

nKXok gqd/;a 94.5 99.9 97.5 99.3 99.9 11.2 8.1 3.0

;kXBL j?Av p[Ze cko nopB ;N?Nh;fNe; (;?A;ia ns/ n?BHn?;Hn?;HU d/ tZy tZy okT{Av), n?BHn?;Hn?;HU dk 76tK okT{Av.

fit/A fe ;g¤PN j?, xoK ƒ w[¤YbhnK ;j{bsK gqdkB eoB bJh j"bh j"bh so¤eh ehsh rJh j?. eoBkNe,
r[ioks, jfonkDk ns/ nKXok gqd/P tor/ u'Dt/A okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp B/ ;{ue *s/ s[bBkswe tXhnK
gqdoPB ehsk j? .

Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u ihtB dh r[Dt¤sk

Pfjoh ihtB dh r[Dt¤ssk ;oeko d[nkok w[j¤Jhnk eotkJ/ iKd/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ ns/ ;/tktK d/ fwnko
d[nkok gqGkfts j[µdh j?. Pfjoh p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ d' gfjb{ jBL G"fse ns/ ;wkfie. G"fse p[fBnkdh
YKu/ d/ gqw[¤y fj¤;/ xoK dhnK ;fEshnK, ib ;gbkJh gqDkbh,;hto/i B?Ntoe, whj d/ gkDh dh fBek;h dk
B?Ntoe, m'; e{Vk eoeN dh pjkbh ns/ T[guko, ;VeK ns/ ;NqhN bkJhNK ;kwb jB . ;wkfie
p[fBnkdh YKu/ ftZu f;js ;µGkb, f;¤fynk, gkoe ns/ y[¤bh EKtK, iBse ;j{bsK, efwT{fBNh ;?ANo nkfd
;akwb jB .

xoK dh ;fEsh
Pfjoh gµikp ftu seohpB fuZso 83L gzikp ns/ Gkos ftu ;afjoh xoK dh ;fEsh
57 gqshPs xoK dh ;fEsh *uµrh* ;fEsh
gzikp d/ ;afjoh y/so ftZu nZX/ s' finkdk
ftu j?, idfe ;ot Gkosh g¤Xo *s/ fJj 68 xo tXhnk jkbs ftZu jB.
gqshPs j?.Gkos dh wodwP[wkoh xoK ƒ T[BQK 5%
dhnK ;fEshnK d/ nXko s/ fsµB Pq/DhnK ft¤u
3%
tµvdh j?L tXhnk, ofjD :'r ns/ y;sk. 29%
fu¤so 83 do;kT[Adk j? fe nZX/ s'A t¤X ;afjoh 37%
xo tXhnk jkbs dh ;q/Dh ftZu jB ns/ j'o 57%
37 gqshPs ofjD :'r xoK dh ;aq/Dh ftZu jB. 68%
fJ; s'A fJbktk, Pfjoh xoK d/ 5 gqshPs
gfotko T[fus p[fBnkdh ;j{bsk s'A pr?o tXhnk ofjD:'r y;sk
*y;sk* ;fEsh ftu jB ns/ fJ; bJh fJBQK ;kXBL Gkos dh iBrDBk, 2011
298
s/ s[oµs fXnkB d/D dh Io{os j?.

gzikp d/ ;ko/ ;afjoh p/xo/, ;afjoh rohpK ns/ M[Zrh M"AgVh tkfbnK B{z w[cs ns/ fonkfJsh xo wj[ZJhnk
eotkT[D d/ :sB ti'A gzikp ;oeko B/ nr;s 2017 ftZu gzikp ;afjoh nktk; :'iBk (ghHn?;HJ/HtkJh)
dh ;a[o{nks ehsh.fJ; :'iBk d/ skbw/b ns/ fBrokBh bJh jkT{f;zr ns/ nopB fvt?bgw?AN ftGkr B'vb
ftGkr j? ns/ fpB? gZsoK dk ;zukbB eoB bJh, ;ot/yD eoB bJh ,:'r bkGgksohnK dh s;dhe eoB
bJh, Gkos ;oeko s'A e/Adoh ;jkfJsk nXhB czvK dh tzv eoB bJh ;EkBe ;oeko ftGkr w[Zy ;fj:'rh
j?.wkou 2018 ftZu ;wki d/ fBub/ ns/ ftub/ nkwdB tor B{z ;;s/ xo wj[ZJhnk eotkT[D bJh
feckfJsh eb'Bh gkfb;h B'NhckJh ehsh rJh. fJ; gkfb;h dk T[d/;a S'N/ nkeko d/ gbkN ns/ cb?NK dh
:'iBkpzdh ns/ ftek; B{z T[s;akfjs eoBk j?,fi; Bkb S'N/ nkeko d/ gbkNK ns/ ;;s/ xoK dh ;gbkJh tZX
;e/.fJj gkfb;h ;ko/ gzikp ftZu BrofBrwK dh jZd s'A pkjo bkr{ j?, jkbKfe gzikp ;afjoh ftek;
nEkoNh iK j'o fe;/ th ftek; nEkoNh d[nkok fB:zsqfos y/soK B{z{a fJ; gkb;h nXhB ;akwb ehsk frnk
j?. i[bkJh 2019 sZe ibzXo ns/ b[fXnkDk ftZu nfijhnK ekb"BhnK ;Ekfgs eoB bJh 11 bkfJ;?A; fdZs/
rJ/ jB.

;afjoh y/so ftZu ;kfonK bJh fojkfJ;a B{z :ehBh pDkT[D d/ T[d/;a Bkb,gzikp ;oeko B/ gqXkB wzsoh
nktk; :'iBk^;afjoh (PMAY-U) bJh ;wM"s/ s/ d;sys ehs/ jB.76 cotoh,2021 sZe gqXkB wzsoh
nktk; :'iBk ;afjoh nXhB 102763 xoK B{z wBi{oh fdZsh rJh j?, fiBQK ftZu 36817 w[ezwb j' u[Ze/
jB.fJ; s'A fJbktk gzikp ftZu PMAY-U sfjs 5785H68 eo'V o[gJ/ dk fBt/;a j' u[Zek j?.

pke; 11L gzikp ftu wekB T[;koh ;?eNo, fJ¤e nt;o

Pfjoh jkT{f;µr dh ewh tkb/ N?eBheb ;w{j (2012^17) d/ nB[;ko, gµikp ftu brGr 3,90,000 wekB
pDkT[D dh Io{os j? . i' Gkos ftu e[¤b fojkfJPh Io{osK dk brGr 2H08 gqshPs pDdk j?. fJj
gqshPs gµikp d/ rohph o/yk s'A j/mK tkb/ gfotkoK ns/ e¤u/ wekBK tkb/ gfotkoK ƒ okPNoh g¤Xo *s/
ftuko e/ ehsh rJh j? . jfonkDk, r[ioks, eoBkNe ns/ nKXok gqd/P tor/ okiK B{z eqwtko 2H23
gqshPs, 5H26 gqshPs, 5H43 gqshPs ns/ 6H78 gqshPs fojkfJPh wekBK dh Io{os j?, e"wh gZXo s/
fojkfJ;ah wekBK ftZu o[iarko d/ w"e/ j'D ekoB gzikp dh nkofEesk B{z pj[r[Dk tkXk fwb/rk. Bk e/tb
B"eohnK g?dk eo/rk, pbfe fJj fBih nkwdB ns/ ygs ftu tkXk eo/rk i' fe oki d/ ftek; bJh
Io{oh j?.

;kXBL N?eBheb ro[Zg nkB nopB jkT{f;zr ;ao

' N/ia,wekB T[;koh ns/ ;afjoh rohph jNkU wzsokb/ dh
fog'oN.

ib ;gbkJh ns/ ;hto/i

oki d/ Pfjoh xoK ƒ ib ;gbkJh ns/ ;hto/i dhnK ;j{bsK
gqdkB eoB bJh gzikp ;oeko nN¤b j?. ;szpo 2020 s¤e, gµikp B/ rzd/ gkDh B{z NohN
gµikp B/ nNb fwPB cako foiot/;aB n?Av nopB eoB T[gozs f;zukJh bJh :'r
NoK;cow/;aB (AMRUT) sfjs 1H75 b¤y Bt/A ;hto/I tos'A eoe/ B?;aBb tkNo
fw;aB ntkov fifsnk.

76
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) - Housing for All (HFA) State wise
Progress)
 299

e[B?ePB fdZs/ jB. gµikp ib ;gbkJh ns/ ;hto/i p'ov Pfjoh ib ;gbkJh gqDkbh, ;hto/i ;ehwK ns/
;hto/i NohNw?AN gbKN (n?;HNhHghHn?;H) bJh fIµw/tko ekƒBh ;µ;Ek j?.fJ; ;w/A, p'ov Pfjoh y/soK ftZu
ib ;gbkJh ns/ ;hto/I ;/tktK d/ eJh gqki?eN ubk fojk j? fit/A i/n?¤BHn?BH:{HnkoHn?¤wH, S'N/ ns/
dofwnkB/ PfjoK bJh ;afjoh p[fBnkdh YKuk ftek; ;ehw, gµikp p[fBnkdh YKuk ftek; p'ov (PIDB)
s'A ;jkfJsk gqkgs ib ;gbkJh ns/ ;hto/i ;ehwK, foto n?ePB gbkB d/ sfjs n?;HNhHghH;Ekgs
eoBk, i/HnkJhH;hHJ/ dh ;jkfJsk gqkgs nzfwqs;o d/ ;hto/ia gq'i?eN ns/ AMRUT. 100 gqshPs Pfjoh
xoK ft¤u gkDh dh ;gbkJh gj[zu u[Zeh j?, idfe 74 gqshPs ƒ ;hto/i ;j{bs gj[µuh j? 77.

;t¤Ssk
gµikp d/ b'eK dh ;ohoe ns/ wkBf;e f;js ƒ ;[XkoB bJh ghD tkb/ ;kca gkDh ns/ wB[¤yh wbfBek;h
ns/ ;hto/i dk ;jh fBgNkok eoB d/ T[d/P Bkb oki ;oeko B/ fJ¤e fwPB^sµdo[;s

gµikp 2018 ft¤u B'NhckJh ehsk. fJ; fw;B sfjs ;EkBe ;oekoK ftGkr dhnK j/m fbyhnK G{fwektK
ns/ fIµw/tkohnK jBL

• ;afjoh y/soK ftZu ghD tkb/ ;kc gkDh dh T[gbZpXsk B{z :ehBh pBkT[Dk.
• xoK ftZu phwkohnK xNkT[D bJh y[bQ/ ftZu ;'u w[es ;afjoK$e;p/ :ehBh pBkT[Dk.
• fwT{A;gb m'; e{Vk eoeN gqzpXB fi; ftZu ftfrnkBe bhjK s/ e{Vk eoeN tZyokgD,Y'nk Y'nkJh
ns/ fBgNkok eoBk.
• ;hto/i NohNw?NL g?dk ehs/ ik oj/ e[b rµd/ gkDh d/ gqpµXB bJh n?;HNhHghI ;Ekfgs eoBk, fB:ws
s"o*s/ T[BQK d/ ;µukbB ns/ o¤y^oykn ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Dk ns/ rzd/ gkDh dh g?dktko xNkT[D bJh edw
u[ZeD/ .
;tZS Gkos fw;aB Bkb xo/b{ gykfBnK dh frDsh ftZu s/iah Bkb tkXk j'fJnk j?. gµikp ft¤u, d;zpo,
2019 s¤e, 1,03,015 fBZih xo/b{ ;'funkfbnk,11,009 efwT[fBNh ns/ iBse gykB/ pDkJ/ rJ/ jB.
seohpB 98 gqshPs tkovK ft¤u 100 gqshPs v'o N{ v'o t/;N eb?ePB j?, id'A fe 85# tkovK ftZu 100
gqshPs e{Vk eoeN ƒ t¤y eoB dk ekoi ehsk ik fojk j?. 61# e{V/ dk gzikp ftZu fBgNkok eo fbnk
iKdk j? i' ok;aNoh n";s 60# d/ pokpo j?.78

fpibh
fpibh fe;/ oki dh ;w[¤uh nkofEesk d/ ftek; ftu wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodh j?. fBoftxB ns/
Go';/wµd fpibh T[gbpXsk, nkofEesk d/ fNekT{ ftek; bJh bkIwh j? feT[Afe fJj T[sgkdB d/ fJe
ekoe d/ s"o s/ wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodh j?. ygsekoK dh ;µs[PNh ƒ tXkT[D ns/ T[Bk dk ihtB
g¤Xo ;[XkoB bJh T[BK Bz{ feckfJsh ehws *s/ fBoftxB fpibh ;gbkJh w[jJhnk eotkT[D bJh gµikp
;oeko B/ ;kfonK d/ bJh 24*7 fpibh dh ;gbkJh eoB bJh e/Ado ;oeko Bkb fJe ;wM'sk ehsk j? .
Gkos ;oeko B/ okiK d/ Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u fpibh dk ;µuko ns/ tµv ƒ wIp{s eoB bJh 2014 ft¤u
J/ehfeqs fpibh ftek; :'iBk (nkJhHghHvhHn?;H) ƒ th B'NhckJh ehsk ;h.

77
Punjab Water Supply and Sewerage Board, (https://pwssb.punjab.gov.in/achievements/) assessed as on 10th February
2020)

78
Swachh Bharat Mission Urban, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
300

fuZso 84L ;afjoh gzikp ftu fpibh dh ;aq/Dh tko tos'A, 2019^20

;afjoh y/so ftZu fpibh dh ygs (KWH+KVAH) ftZu

20,000 18,225
16,683
Millions

16,000

12,000

8,000 5,473
4,000
1,158
0
T[d:''fre xo/b{ tDi j''o

;o'sLgzikp ;N/N gkto ekog'o/;aB fbwfNv

gzikp d/;a d/ gqsh ftnesh fpibh dh finkdk ygs tkb/ okiK ftZu'A fJZe j?. gzikp T[BQK okiK ftZu ;akwb
j? fizBk B/ pj[s ;wK gfjbK 100# fpibheoD eo fbnk ;h. gzikp d/ ;afjoh e/AdoK ftZu fpibh dh
;a/qDhtko ygs dh ;fEsh B{z fuso 84 ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?. nzeV/ dZ;d/ jB fe ;afjoh e/AdoK ftZu
fpibh dh ygs w[Zy s"o s/ T[d:'fre ns/ xo/b{ tos'A bJh ehsh iKdh j?.

tksktoD
gzikp ;oeko B/ wkou 2019 B{z ;afjoh tksktoD ;[Xko gq'rokw c/ia fJZe bJh 298H75 eo'V o[gJ/ dh
nbkNw?AN ehsh j?.gzikp p[fBnkdh ftek; p'ov B/ fJ; bJh 214H97 eo'V o[gJ/ wBia{o ehs/ ns/ d{i/
gVkn bJh d;zpo,2020 sZe 735H45 eo'V d/ czvK bJh gqtkBrh ikoh ehsh.
fJj ezw oki d/ ;afjoh tksktoD ;[Xko gq'rokw d/ ;ko/ 167 ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK ftZu ehs/ ik oj/ jB.

5H2 Pfjoh p[fBnkdh YKuk ns/ fJ; dk ft¤sh gqpµX

Pfjoh ftek; s/ you ftub/ o[MkB

s/Ih Bkb t¤X ojh Pfjoh npkdh bJh ;fjoh p[fBnkdh YKu/ dh T[;koh ns/ tZy tZy fwT{A;gb ;/tktK d/D
ftZu ;oekoh you fJZe wj¤stg{oB o'b ndk eodk j?.ftPb/PD ftu fJj ;kjwD/ nkfJnk j? fe gµikp
bJh Pfjoh ftek; *s/ e[¤b you/,79 ;kb 2016^17 ftu 246H3 eo'V o[gJ/ s'A t¤X e/ 2019^20
(nkoHJhH) ftu fJj 621H7 eo'V o[gJ/ j' rJ/ jB i' fe 2020^21 (phHJh) ftZu 2103H6 eo'V o[gJ/ j'D
dh nB[wkB j?. jkbKfe ;kb 2016^17 ns/ 2020^21 (phHJhH) d/ ftueko ;fjoh ftek; *s/ g{µih you
ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?, d{i/ okiK d/ o[MkB d/ T[bN, wkbhJ/ d/ you/ ftu froktN nkJh j?.fJ; soQK Pfjoh
y/soK bJh ftek; ;µpµXh castk fd¤s/ ikD *s/ oki Pfjoh ftek;* s/ you/ B{z tXk ;edk j?. p[fBnkdh YKu/
bJh g{µih i[NkT[D d/ j'o sohfenK ftu fwT{A;gb pKvK, g{b ft¤s, j' ;ed/ jB. Pfjoh ;EkBe ;µ;EktK
d/ ;fj:'r Bkb gpfbe gqkJht/N GkJhtkbh tor/ gqki?eNK dh th T[¤dw ehsh ik ;edh j?.

79
It should be noted that it does not include grants or loan given to local government for urban development purpose
 301

;wkoN ;afjo

;wkoN f;Nh fwPB (n?;H;hHn?wH) dh P[o{nks Gkos ;oeko B/ ;kb 2015 ft¤u PfjoK d/ fNekT{ ns/
;µwfbs ftek; ƒ T[sPkjs eoB bJh ehsh ;h i' fJ;d/ Pfjoh b'eK ƒ p[fBnkdh YKu/ ns/ ihtB dh uzrh
r[DtZsk gqdkB eo ;e/ .fJ; fw;aB dk T[d/;a 100 ;afjoK B{z State of the art Model d/ o{g ftZu fte;s
eoBk j?,fi; B{z d/;a d/ tZy tZy d{i/ ;afjoK tZb'A ngDk e/ T[;/ soQK d/ ;wkoN ;afjo ftef;s ehs/ ik ;ed/
jB.

;wkoN f;Nh fw;aB sfjs gzikp oki s'A uko ;afjoK b[fXnkDk, nzfwqs;o , ibzXo ns/ ;[bskBg[o b'Xh B{z
;wkoN ;afjo dk doik fdZsk frnk j?. b[fXnkDk ƒ gfjb/ r/V ftu jh fJj doik fd¤sk frnk ;h, id'A fe
nµfwqs;o ns/ ibµXo B{z d{i/ d"o dh ;{uh ftu ;kwb ehsk frnk, fiE/ nfwqs;o 27 ;wkoN PfjoK dh
;{uh ftu f;ybo/ ;EkB s/ j?.;kb 2019 ftZu ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ 550t/A iBw fdt; s/ ;wko'j bJh
Gkos ;oeko B/ ;wokN f;Nh fw;aB d/ f;XksK dh gkbDk eofdnK ;[bskBg[o b'Xh d/ ftek; pko/ c?;bk
fbnk.Gkos ;oeko dhnK jdkfJsK nB[;ko gftZso ;afjo ;[bskBg[o b'Xh d/ ftek; bJh ;fjwsh :'iBk
fsnko ehsh rJh ;h,fi; nB[;ko 271H11 eo'V o[gJ/ dh bkrs nkt/rh.;wkoN f;Nh fw;aB sfjs ;afjo
dk ;[Xko,;afjo dk BthBheoD ns/ ;afjo dk ft;Eko eoB tkb/ gq'i?eN ;akwb jB. ;wkoN f;Nh fw;aB
sfjs fJzBk ;afjoK ftZu ubkJ/ ik oj/ gq'i?eNK dh gqrsh dk t/otk ;koDh 30 ftZu g/;a ehsk frnk j?.
;koDh 30L gzikp ftZu ;wkoN ;afjoK dh gqrsh dk t/otk (eo'VK o[LftZu) iBtoh 2021 sZe

w[ezwb j'J/ n?tkofvv N?Avo fdZs/ rJ/

;afjo okT[Av gqki?eNK dh gqki?eNK dh gqki?eNK dh
ehws ehws ehws
frDsh frDsh frDsh

b[fXnkDk 1 10 38.09 21 581.52 16 85.46

nzfwqs;o 2 8 50.02 14 193.26 7 569.26

ibzXo 2 10 42.26 19 331.42 18 212.06

;[bksBg[o b'XhL^jkT{f;ar ns/ ;afjoh wkwb/ wzsokb/ tZb'A gqatkfBs 271H11 eo'V o[gJ/ dh ok;ah ftZu'A gfjbh fe;as ti'A 27H11 eo'V o[gJ/
dh ok;ah ikoh ehsh rJh.

;kXBL gzikp fwT{A;gb fJBcko;Nqeuo fvt?bgw?AN ezgBh,;EkBe ;oeko ftGkr,gzikp.

uko'A PfjoK ^ b[fXnkDk, nµfwqs;o, ibµXo ns/ ;[bskBg[o b'Xh

ftu ftb¤yD ftekT{ gq;skt jB i' T[BQK ƒ oki d/ w[Zy Pfjoh b[fXnkDk B/ s/iah Bkb
e/Ado pDkT[d/ jB. T[j buehb/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ Bkb b?; jB i' fviahNb ndkfJrhnK tZb
ihtB d/ fwnko ƒ tXkT[Ad/ jB. nµfwqs;o f;¤y fJfsjk; d/
tZXD tkb/ ;wkoN ;afjo dk
fJBkw (2018) fiZfsnk.
n;EkB e/Ado ti'A eµw eodk j? i' Xkofwe ;?o^;gkN/ d/
Bkb^Bkb nwho ;fGnkukoe ftok;s Bkb Gog{o j? . id'A fe
ibµXo y/vK ns/ ;oiheb r[¤vi T[d:'rK bJh ikfDnk iKdk j?,
b[fXnkDk ;kJheb T[d:'r dk ;G s'A t¤vk fBowksk j? ns/ fJ;
dk T[d/; fJ; d/ fBowkD d/ ftek; do ƒ fNekT{ oy¤Dk
j?.;[bskBg[o b'Xh fJZe gftZso f;Zy shoE ;EkB j? I' f;Zy Xow
d/ pkBh ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih Bkb ;pzXs j?. fJBQK ;afjoK tZb'A g/;a ehs/ ;wkoN f;Nh gq;skt d/ e[M
fjZf;nK dh Mbe j/mK ;µy/g ft¤u fd¤sh rJh j?.
302

1 2 3 4

• ;kJheb fBowkD e/Ado ti'A nkgDh g{oh

;wZoEk dk nfj;k;.
• ;kJheb ns/ Jh^foe;ak tor/ f;jswzd
b[fXnkDk ftebg tXk e/ BkrfoeK dh f;js ftZu tkXk
eoBk.
• iBse ;[oZfynk B{z :ehBh pDkT[Dk ns/
Jh^rtoB?A; B{z ;wZoE pBkT[Dk.

• nkJh ;h Nh nXkos gb/NckowK dh

;jkfJsk Bkb ;fjia rsh;ahbsk .
• ;kohnK ;oekoh ;/tktK d/ J/eheoD
ns/ T[BQK B{z fJZe ;KM/ gb/Nckow s/
nfwqs;o fbnk e/ JhHrtoB?A; B{z tXkT[Dk.
• tZX s'A tZX xo/b{ ns/ tgkoe y/so
sZe e[dosh r?; gkJhg okjhA
gj[zukT[Dk.

• ft;at gZXo dk y/v e/Ado pDkT[Dk

• ;wkoN p[fBnkdh Yku/ tkbk fJZe
ofjD :'r ;afjo i' ;afjo d/ tksktoD
B{z fpjso pDk e/ j'o fNekT{ pDkJ/rk.
ibzXo • w"i{dk fBowkD nkXko B[z j'o T[Zuk
u[ZeDk ns/ nkgD/ ;afjo dh nkfoEesk
B{z T[s;akfjs eoBk

• gfjb/ f;Zy r[o{ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih

dh fizdrh Bkb ;pzXs fJfsjk;e
;[bksBg[o b'Xh
r[oXkwK B{z ikBDk.
• ;?o;gkNk dh nEkj ;zGktBk.
 303

5H3 ;afjoh ;EkBe ;oeko

;afjoh ftZs

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fBoGo eodh j? . d;µpo 2020 s¤e gzikp ftZu 167 :{Hn?¤bHphH jB fiBQK ftZu 10 fwT[A;gb ekog'o/PBK,
101 fwT[A;gb e"A;bK ns/ 56 Bro gµukfJsK ;akwb jB. i' gµikp fwT[A;gb J/eN, 1911 ns/ gµikp
fwT[A;gb ekog'o/PB n?eN, 1976 d/ nXhB jB .
;koDh 31 do;kT[Adk j? fe ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK dh nkwdB dk w[Zy ;o's wkbhnk,N?e;, r?o N?e;
wkbhnk ns/ rokNK jB.;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK dh e[Zb nkwdB 2015^16 ftZu 2787 eo'V o[gJ/ s'A
30H50# tkX/ Bkb tZX e/ 2019^20 ftZu 3636 eo'V o[gJ/ j' rJh j?.e[Zb you 2015^16 ftZu 2552 eo'V
o[gJ/ s'A tZX e/ 2019^20 ftZu 3383 eo'V o[gJ/ j' rJ/ jB fi; ftZu 32H6# tkXk doia ehsk frnk j?.
;akoDh 31L ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK d/ e[ZM wkbhJ/ d/ w[Zy fjZ;/ (eo'VK ftu)

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e[Zb nkwdB 2787 3535 3258 3950 3636

e[Zb you 2552 2939 3146 3452 3383

;kXBL ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK ,gzikp.

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dh gqsh ftnesh nkwdB ft¤u tkXk j'D Bkb PfjoheoB tX/rk. fJ;dk noE j? Pfjoh ;EkBe ;µ;EktK
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;µ;EktK ƒ 74thA ;'X nXhB fBoXkos ekoiK ƒ g{ok eoB bJh ekcah cµfvµr ;jkfJsk dh Io{os j?.
gµikp ftu ;EkBe ;µ;EktK d/ ft¤s dk w[bKeD eoB bJh fJe T[¤u g¤Xoh ftPb/PD ehsk frnk j?.
nkpkdh d/ fj;kp Bkb u'Nh dhnK fsµB Bro fBrwK (fi; bJh nµeV/ T[gbpX jB), Gkt nµfwqs;o,
ibµXo, gfNnkbk ƒ ftukfonk frnk j?.

gqkgoNh N?e; ;EkBe ;oekoK d/ g¤Xo *s/ ;G s'A t¤vk ewkJh dk ;o's j? .
;kXBL:{Hn?bHph d/ piN $ nkJh Jh ;N/Nw?AN;
304

pke; 13L :{Hn?bHphI bJh pkjoh nkwdBh d/ t;hb/

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you/ ƒ cµv eoB bJh th e/Ado s/ oki d/ czvK s/ fBoGo ofjDk g?Adk j?.

Bshi/ ti'A, :{n?bphia dk nkgD/ gq;k;aeh y/so d/ g{zih fBowkD ftZu xZN' xZN :'rdkB j? ns/ pj[s/ ftek;
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;µGt ;kXBK dk g¤e/ s"o s/ gsk brkfJnk ikDk ukjhdk j?, T[Xko okjhA cµv fJe¤mk eoB d/ pkjoh ;o'sK ƒ
th t/fynk ikDk ukjhdk j?.

e/Ado ;oeko oki ;oeko

;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK

dh ftsh fBoGosk
oki ftZs efw;aB

e/Ado ;oeko dhnK ;ehwk oki ;oeko dhnK ;ehwK

;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK

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ft¤u t¤vh ;µGktBk j?, jkbKfe fJj pj[s fInkdk tos'A ft¤u BjhA nkfJnk j?. AMRUT ;[XkoK nXhB
:{Hn?bHphia dh eq?fvN o/fNµr ns/ fwT{A;gb pkvK dh cb'fNzr B{z ;akwb ehsk frnk j?. g{µih pkIkoK ns/ ft¤sh
;µ;EktK s'A T[Xko b?D bJh eq?fvN o/fNµr fJ¤e g{ot Io{oh ;aos j?. fJBt?;Nw?AN ro/v eq?fvN o/fNµr
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e'b phHphHph^ ns/ fJ; s'A T[¤go nkJhHihH;hHnkoH ;h fi; ftZu 36 :{ n?b ph J/^ iK fJ; s'A t¤X rq/v
tkbhnK jB. fJj toDB:'r j? fe b[fXnkDk ƒ phHphHphO dh eq?fvN o/fNµr fwbh j?.2018^19 d/ d"okB, n¤m
:{n?bphn?; B/ pKv ikoh ehs/ ns/ T[BQK ƒ wekB T[;koh ns/ Pfjoh wkwfbnK d/ wµsokb/ d[nkok 181H3 eo'V
o[gJ/ dk gq'sPkjB fdsk frnk.

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T[BQK ƒ pKv ikoh eoB s'A o'edhnK jB. fJ; soQK :{ n?b phia bJh fJj Io{oh j? fe Pfjoh ftek; bJh
 305

cµv fJe¤mk eoB bJh fJBQK o[ektNK ƒ d{o ehsk ikt/.

;?ph fB:w tZvhnk o[ektNk

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• oki d/ fwT{A;gb yks/ d/ wkgdµvK gqpµXeh ;wo¤Ek.
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w?B[nb dh gkbBk nfGnk; ns/ ;hws nµefVnK
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306
• *w/ok eµw, w/ok wkD*, ;ehw nXhB 18 s'A 35 ;kb dh T[wo ;w{j d/ Pfjoh B"itkBK ƒ o[Irko
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;kyosk doK, e[~b dkybk nB[gks ns/ P[~X dkybk nB[gks Bkb wiap{s ekor[iakoh dk gqdo;aB eodk j?.
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Gkrhdkoh ehsh j?.
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 309

fw;afos ;e'o tXhnk ;h j? go gzikp 10thA s'A 12thA ;fEsh s/ ubk frnk fi; s/ tX/o/
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n?; vh ih 5 (fbzr ;wkBsk), n?; vh ih 8 (ft;/; ekoi ns/ nkofEe tkXk), n?; vh ih 9
(T[d:'r, BthBsk ns/ p[fBnkdh YKuk) .
• 7 n?;vhihia d/ ;[Xko ftZu ewh doia ehsh j? L n?;vhih 10 (n;wkBsk xNkT[Adk), n?;vhih
15 (Xosh s/ ihtB), n?;vhih 16 (PKsh, fBnK ns/ wIp{s ;z;EktK) n?; vh ih 3 (uzrh
f;js ns/ szdW;sh) n?; vh ih 1 (rohph dk ykswkA), n?; vh ih 2 (Iho' G[~ywoh) ns/
n?; vh ih 6 (;k| gkDh ns/ ;?BhN/PB)
• 2019 ftu w?g ehs/ 2 n?;vhih ƒ 2018 ftu w?g BjhA ehsk frnk ;h. oki ftZu 26 Bzpo s/
n?;vhih 12 (fIzwt / ko ygs ns/ T[sgkdB) j? ns/ 9 Bzpo s/ n?;vhih 13 (ibtk:{ n?ePB)
j?.
• n?;vhih 14 d/ ;{ue dk ;pzX gzikp Bkb BjhA j?.

oki dh n?;vhih dh ekor[Ikoh j/mK fuZso ftu do;kJh rJh j? L

310
n?;vhihI B{z gqkgs eoB bJh ehshnK rJhnK ekotkJhnK
gzikp ;oeko B/ :{ n?B vh gh d/ ;fj:'r Bkb :'iBk ftGkr ft~u n?; vh ih e'nkovhB/PB ;?ANo ;Ekgs
ehsk j? . ;fEo ftek; Nhu/ skbw/b e/Ado (n?;HvhHihH;hH) dh ;EkgBk rb'pb Nhu/ 2030 J/izv/ ƒ gqkgs
eoB bJh ehsh rJh j?, fi; Bkb n?;HvhHihH Bkb i[V/ w[~fdnK s/ bJh ekotkJh nkozG ehsh ikJ/rh.
n?;HvhHihH;hH;hH dk w[~y T[d/P oki ftZu n?;HvhHihH ƒ ubkT[D bJh g{oh soQK fsnko eoB bJh seBheh
ikDekoh, w[jkos ns/ ;o's gqdkB eoBk j? ns/ n?;vhihI Bkb nkgDk ezw eoB ftu ;jkfJsk bJh ;ko/
ftGkrK Bkb skbw/b ezw eoBk j?.
n?;HvhHihH;hH;hH ;ko/ oki ftGkrK bJh i[VthA :'iBkpzdh ns/ bkr{ eoB d/ j~bK okjhA ;koh ;oekoh gj[zu
ns/ n?;HvhHihH Bkb nkgD/ ekoi :'iBktK ƒ fJe;ko eoe/ fJ; B{z b'eb fIbQk$gzukfJs g~Xo s/ fXnkB
e/Adfos eoB d/ T[gokb/ eodk j? ns/ n?;HvhHihH;hH;hH fwPB, fB~ih y/so, f;tb ;[;kfJNhnK ns/
nekdwhnk Bkb BthBskekoh GkJhtkbh pDk e/ ns/ ;oekoh nfXekohnK, whvhnk, B"itkBK nkfd ;w/s
;ko/ fj~;/dkoK dh ikro{esk ns/ ;wo~Ek tXk e/ n?; vh ih 2030 J/izvk gqkgs eoB bJh ;w[~u/ ;wkfie
gj[zu ƒ ngDkT[dk j? . fJ; s'A fJbktk, fJj n;odko fBrokBh ns/ ft;ab/;aD bJh n?;vhih dh gqrsh
ns/ Y[et/A v?/Nk d/ ftPb/PD dk gsk brkT[D ftZu w[~y G{fwek fBGk fojk j?.
i[VthA :'iBkpzdh
n?;vhihI dh gqkgsh bJh i[VthA :'iBkpzdh d/ ;zdoG ft~u, ;ko/ 17 ;fEo ftek; T[d/;aK ns/ NhfunK B{z
bkr{ eoB tkb/ ftGkrK Bkb Be;apzdh eoe/ Bkb i'fVnk frnk j?. e/Adoh/$oki dhnK :'iBktK d/ fJzvhe/NoK
Bkb Be;apzdh ehsh rJh j?. NhfunK B{z soihj d/D ns/ fjZf;nk ftZu tzfvnk gqpzXB ns/ r?o^;w[Zuh
Bhsh dhnK B[;fynK dh ;hwk B{z d{o eoB bJh, oki B/ ftiaB 2030 d;skt/I fsnko ehsk j?. n?;vhih
ftIB d;skt/I d/ nXko s/, ;hn?~wn?~w d[nkok 30 ftGkrK d/ 4 ;kbk oDBhse n?ePB gbkB (4 n?;J/gh)
gfjbK jh wBi{o ehs/ ik u[~e/ jB.
ftGkr dhnK fJj ft;fsqs :'iBktK ftGkrK ftueko b'VhAd/ skbw/b pko/ ;'uD ns/ NhfunK dh gqkgsh bJh
i[VthnK oDBhshnK B{z tkuD ftZu ;jkfJsk eoBrhnK. nyho ftZu, fJj 4n?;J/ghia ;pzXs n?;vhihia
nXhB gzikp ;N/N ;No?Nhfiae n?;vhihI n?ePB gbkB 2030 pDkT[D bJh, fi; ft~u E'VQ/ ;w/A ns/ bzw/
;w/A d/ Nhu/, oDBhshnK ns/ bkr{ eoB dh :'iBk Pkwb j't/rh ns/ oki ƒ ftGkrK ft~u tX/o/ ;KMh
ekotkJh fbnkT[D ft~u ;jkfJsk eo/rh, NhfunK ƒ ;keko eoB ns/ e'fPPK dh Utob?fgzr ns/
v[gfbe/PB s'A puD bJh, e[Pb ft~sh ;o'sK dh tzv ns/ itkpd/jh bJh ;zrfms ehs/ ikDr/. fJBQK s'A
fJbktk, oki ftu ;op'sw nfGnk;K ns/ ekovK dk d;skt/iaheoB, fiafbQnk ftZu ehshnK rJhnK
BthBskekoh gqfefonktK B{z gqdo;as eoB bJh, ehsk ik fojk j? fi; B{z d{i/ fiafbQnk ftZu d[jokfJnk ik
;edk j? iK ;ko/ fiafbnK ftZui Skfgnk ik ;edk j? ns/ Bkb jh oki gZXoh BthBsktK i' ok;aNoh gZXo
s/ gqdo;as ehshnK ik ;edhnK jB.
n?;vhihia dk ;EkBheoB
oki d[nkok n?;vhih gqkgs eoB bJh fiabk$gzukfJs gZXo Y[etK j?. fJ; soQK, ;EkBe gZXo dh
g~Xo dh :'iBkpzdh ns/ ftek; dhnK rshftXhnK ft~u n?;vhihI ƒ J/ehfeqs eoB bJh oki B/
gkfJbN nXko s/ fIbQk gfNnkbk fty/ n?;vhih ekoi ;a[o{ ehsk j?.f;~N/ ti'A fIbQk n?;vhih ;?~b
ƒ fIbQk gqPk;B d[nkok n?;vhih Bkb ;pzXs rshftXhnK eoB bJh ;{fus ehsk frnk j?.
n?;vhihI Bkb w/b yKdhnK 5 gSkDhnK rJhnk rqkw gzukfJsK dh rqkw gzukfJs ftek; :'iBk
(ihghvhgh) fsnko ehsh rJh j? i' wkvb n?;vhih gzukfJsK d/ ftek; bJh fJe edw n~r/ j?.
fJ; s'A fJbktk, n?;vhih dh f;ybkJh ns/ ;z;Ekrs ftek; bJh :'iBktK ƒ ;Ekgs eoB bJh,
n?;vhih;h;h, ;N/N fJz;NhfuT{N nk| o{ob fvtbgw?AN d/ ;fj:'r Bkb n?;vhih ;EkBeeoB
dhnK gzukfJsK bJh f;ybkJh w?B{nb fsnko eo fojk j?. f;ybkJh w?B{nb ;z;Ek dk fj~;k
j'J/rh i' gzukfJs w?ApoK ƒ f;ybkJh d/D bJh tosh ikJ/rh. n?;vhih ;EkBeeoB w?B{nb d/
nXko s/, ;N/N fJz;NhfuT{N nkca o{ob fvtbgw?AN, gzikp d/ e'o w?ApoK ƒ f;ybkJh d/D bJh Nh
U NhI dk nk:'iB ehsk ikt/rk i' pdb/ ftu ;z;Ek d[nkok gzukfJs w?ApoK ƒ f;ybkJh d/Dr/.
 311

fIbQk g~Xo s/ n?;vhih dh gqrsh dk gsk brkT[D bJh oki B/ gzikp d/ ;ko/ 22 fIfbQnK bJh
200 n?;vhih v?Nk ;ahN fsnko ehsh j?.
GkJhtkbh ns/ ;o's i[NkT[Dk
wB[~ysk bJh fJj ftnkge ns/ db/okBk J/izvk ;ko/ g~XoK s/ ;ko/ fj~;/dkoK d/ tX/ ns/
gqGktPkbh ;fj:'r s'A pr?o ;keko BjhA j' ;edk, fJ; soQK fJj oki ftu GkJhtkbh ns/ ;o's
i[NkT[D dh G{fwek ƒ T[ikro eodk j?. fJ; dk T[d/P, B"itkBK, nekdwhnk, n?BihU , ;hn?;U
ns/ fB~ih y/so dhnK fJekJhnK d/ Bkb pj[^g~Xoh ;KM/dkoh, Pw{bhns ns/ pj[GKsh ;KM B{z
gqc[Zbs eoBk j? i' n?;vhih ƒ bkr{ eoB bJh fJe ;KMh d{onzd;ah Bkb n~r/ tXkJ/rh. fJ; d/
bJh, fog'oNK dh fJ~e soshptko bVh fte;s ehsh rJh j?, i' r?o ;oekoh ;zrmBK, gqkJht/N
;?eNo ns/ nekdwhnk ƒ n?;vhihI Bkb i'Vdh j?. oki nyhob/ whb s/ IwhBh g~Xo,
BthBskekoh ns/ gqGktPkbh dybnzdkIh eoB bJh pj[^y/soh GkrhdkoK ns/ ftek; J/iz;hnK
Bkb ;KM/ eoB dh e'fPP eo fojk j?. oki ftZu g/Av{ o'Ih o'Nh fwPB fbzr G/dGkt ns/ n"osK dh
o'Ih o'Nh d/ gqGktK ƒ do;kT[D bJh gzikp bJh fJ~e frnkB g'oNb fte;s ehsk ik fojk j?.
oki ;oeko :{ n?B vh gh ^ihnkJhn?; n?Bpfbv fJzNkJhNbw?AN Nq?fezr (ihJhJhNh) N{b ƒ
gfNnkbk fIb/ ftu fte;s ehs/ fJe Pk;B gqpzXB dk th ;zukbB eo ojh j? sK i' ;G s'A ewI'o
GkJhukfonK bJh ;oekoh :'iBktK ns/ j~eK gqsh ikro{esk pDkJh ik ;e/. fJ; s'A fJbktk,
y/shpkVh ofjzd^y{zjd s'A pkfJU fcT{b g?dk eoB pko// fJe gkfJbN gqki?eN i' fe x~N ro/v d/
pkbD d/ ftebg ti'A fJ~NK d/ G~fmnK ftu Go iKdk j? P[o{ ehsk frnk j?. dybnzdkIh, ;oe{bo
nkofEesk d/ f;XKsK s/ nXkos j't/rh ns/ gfNnkb/ ftu jtk gqd{PD d/ w[~d/ ƒ j~b eoB dh
T[whd ehsh iKdh j?.
fBrokBh ns/ w[bKeD fJekJh dh ;EkgBk
fBrokBh ns/ w[bKeD s'A fpBK gqrsh ƒ No?e BjhA ehsk ik ;edk. fJ;d/ t~b, oki, B?PBb
fJzvhe/No co/wtoe (n?BnkJhn?c) d/ nB[e{b Nhu/ nB[;ko ;N/N fJzvhe/No co/wtoe
(n?;nkJhn?c) fte;s eo fojk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, n?;vhih dh gqrsh s/ vkNk fJe~so eoB,
gqwkfDs eoB ns/ ftPb/PD eoB bJh n?;vhih fBrokBh ns/ vkNk gqpzXB gqDkbh bJh fJe YKuk
fsnko ehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; ft~u fJ~e nkBbkJhB v?Pp'ov Pkwb j? i' n?; vh ih Bkb i[V/
;ze/sK dh fBrokBh eoB bJh vkNk ftPb/PD dh tos'A eoe/ r[Dt~sk dhnK fog'oNK fsnko eo/rk
ns/ ;w/A f;o dybnzdkIh Bkb T[BQK dh gqrsh ft~u s/Ih fbnkT[D ft~u ;jkfJsk eo/rk.
ikro{esk iBo/PB ns/ ;wo~Ek ftek;
fJBQK :sBK ftZu nkw nkdwh d/ Pkwb j'J/ pr?o, n?;vhih gqkgs BjhA ehs/ ik ;ed/. fJj T[j
EK j? fi~E/ ghVh dh ikro{esk iBo/PB ns/ ;wo~Ek ftek; dh G{fwek n?;vhih B{z gqkgs eoB dk
o'b ;kjwD/ nkT[Adk j?. oki d/ n?;vhih ftIB ƒ gqkgs eoB bJh ;oeko d/ ekoieosktK ns/
b'eK ƒ T[BQK dhnK G{fwektK ns/ fIzw/tkohnK s'A ikD{ eotkT[D bJh t~y t~y nkJhJh;h ;w~roh
(;EkBe GkPk ns/ T[dkjoD d/ o{g ftu) fte;s eoBk ikoh o~ydh j?. fJj t~y t~y fj~;/dkoK
d/ frnkB ƒ tXkJ/rk ns/ n?; vh ih NhfunK ƒ ;wMD ns/ T[BQK ƒ spdhbh dk J/izN pDkJ/rk.
oki dh fvihNb ;kyosk dh tos'A c/;p[~e, Nft~No, fJz;Nkrqkw ns/ :{^fNT{p d/ ;'Pb whvhnk
gb/Ncko s/ b'eK ƒ Pkwb eoe/ ehsh ik ojh j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh, n?;HvhHihH n?ePB ntkovI
2020 ƒ 28 ;szpo 2020 ƒ oki ft~u fJ~e tou[nb Jht?AN d/ o{g ft~u nk:'fis ehsk frnk ;h
sK i' ;ko/ gfotosB fBowksk i' ftPt ƒ fJ~e fpjso ;EkB pDkT[D bJh ezw eo oj/ jB, ƒ
T[sPkfjs, T[sPkjs ns/ T[sPkjs eoB bJh j'Dr/. 312 n?ANohnK ftu'A gzi Pq/DhnK d/ 17 i/s{nK
ƒ g[o;eko fd~s/ rJ/ ns/ d' ftP/P wB[~ysktkdh n?ePB n?tkov th fd~s/ rJ/. n?;vhihI pko/
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b'eK ƒ ikDekoh gqdkB eoB bJh fJe n?;vhih j'g e?bzvo w'pkJhb n?gbhe/PB th fsnko ehsh
rJh j?.
T[go fdZshnK rshftXhnK s'A fJbktk, j'o rshftXhnK jB i' :'iBkpzdh ns/ bkr{ eoB dhnK
tZy tZy ;N/iaK ftZu jB. ;oeko dhnK fJBQK, ;kohnK brksko ns/ ;wofgs e'f;a;aK Bkb fJj
:ehBh j't/rk fe n?;vhih ;{ueKe s/ gzikp dk o?Ae T[go ikt/ ns/ gzikp, d/;a dk nZtb oki pD/
6H3 f;js ;zGkb ns/ g'PD
f;js ;zGkb fe;/ th noEftt;Ek dh wB[Zyh ftek; dh ;fEsh ns/ ihtB r[DtZsk B{z f;ZX/ s"o s/
gqGkfts eoB tkb/ ekoiK ftZu'A fJe j?. n?Z;HvhHihH 3 szdo[;s fIzdrhnK :ehBh pDkT[D ns/ ;koh T[wo
d/ ftneshnK dh GbkJh B{z gq's;kjB eoB dk wzst oZydh j?. f;js ;{ueK s/ oki dh ekor[Ikoh d/ ;pzX
ftZu gzikp ;oeko w'joh ojh j?.
71 d/ ;e'o Bkb Bhsh nk:'r d/ n?Z;HvhHihH 3 L uzrh f;js ns/ GbkJh fJzv?e; T[s/ oki dk doik
2019^20 bJh 29 okiK ftZu'A S/tK fojk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk gzikp 0H63 d/ ;e'o Bkb gq;'Bb, iBse
fPekfJsk ns/ g?BPB wzsokbk tb''A nkozG ehs/ rJ/. uzr/ oki gqpzX fJzv?e; d/ f;js gZy T[s/ 18 okiK
ftZu'A gzit/A doi/ s/ fojk. fJzv?e; dk fJj gfjb{ iZuk pZuk f;js ns/ f;js p[fBnkdh YKu/ T[gbZpXsk dk
wkg eodk j?.
gqw[y
Z f;js BshfinK s/ gzikp dh ekor[Ikoh
ihtB ;zGktBk fuZso 86 Lgzikp ftZu ihtB dh ;zGktBk ok;aNoh n";s d/
b'eK dh ihtB r[DtZsk ns/ GbkJh B{z nB[;ko
goyD bJh T[wo nk; ;G s'A
wjZstg{oD wkgdzv j?. gzikp ftZu gzikp ftZu ihtB dh ;zGktBk ok;aNoh n";s Bkb'A
T[wo nk; (iBw ;w/A 5^10 ;kb T[wo ekcah tZX j?
s/ ) Gkos ftZu ;ko/ okiK ftZu'A ;G s''A 72.7
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tZX j?. gzikp ftZu iBw ns/ T[wo
69.4 69.1 69.6
nk; ftZu ;kb 2010^14 ns/
67.9 67.5
;kbK ftZu

2014^18 d/ ;w/A ftueko 2 ;kbK s''A 66.7

tZX noEks 71.6 s'A 72H7 ;[Xko
j'fJnk id''A fe fJ; ;w/A d"okB 5^10
;kb dh T[wo s/ 69.1 s''A 69H6 ;kb
dk ;[Xko j'fJnk fit/A fe fuZso 86 2010^14 2014^18 2010^14 2014^18
ftZu ftykfJnk frnk j?. fJj th
;kXBL Bhsh n:'r ;N/N ;N/fN;fNe;
;gPN j? fe gzikp ftZu okPNoh iBw s'A 5^10 ;kb
gZXo Bkb'A tX/o/ ihtB ;zGktBk j?.
okPNoh o[MkBK d/ nB[;ko ;kb gzikp Gkos

2014^18 bJh wkdk T[wo nk; (74H8

;kXB L ofi;Noko iBob nkca fJzvhnk
;kb) Bo T[wo nk; (71H0 ;kb) s''A
tZX j?. oki d/ T[wo nk; ;{ueK s/ okPNoh gZXo Bkb''A tX/o/ uzrh ekor[Ikoh ftykJh j?, oki ftZu
s[bBkswe gqsh ftnesh nkwdB tZX j? fi; Bkb b'eK B{z T[BQK dhnK f;js ;pzXh b'VK B{z g{ok eoB dh
woZEk gqkgs j[zdh j?.
 313

pkb f;js fuZso 87 L gzikp ftZu ftZu nkJhHn?wHnko ns/

ok;aNoh n";s d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu pkb :{5Hn?wHnko ok;aNoh n";s d/ nB[;ko
w"s do (nkJh n?w nko) ns/ 5 s'A xZB
gzikp ftZu nkJhHn?wHnko ns/ :{HJhHnkoH ok;aNoh n";s
tkb/ fwqs do (:{ 5 n?w nko) xZN j?. Bkb'A ekcah xZN j?
n?B n?c n?u n?; 2015^16 d/
nB[;ko, gzikp ftZu nkJh n?w nko 74.3
ns/ 5 ;kb d/ pZfunK dh w"s do (:{ 5 57
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n?w nko) eqwtko 29H2 ns/ 33H2 gqsh 41.7 40.7
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‘s/ fJj eqwtko 40H7 ns/ 49H7fojk j?,
fit/ fe fuZso 87 ftu do;kfJnk
frnk j?.
nkJhHn?wHnkoH :{H5 n?wHnko nkJhHn?wHnkoH :{H5 n?wHnko
n?B n?c n?u n?; 2015^16 d/
nB[wkBK nB[;ko gzikp 28 okiK ftZu'A 2005^06 2015^16
pkb w"s do (nkJh n?w nko) ftZu
10t/A ns/ 5 ;kb sZe d/ pZfunK dh w"s Gkos gzikp

do (:{ 5 n?w nko) ftu 11t/A Bzpo ‘s/

;kXBL n?BHn?cHn?uHn?; 2005^06 ns/ n?BHn?cHn?uHn?; 2015^16
j?. e/obk, skfwbBkv{ ns/ wjKok;aNo
tor/ fpjso gqdo;aB tkb/ oki (;koDh 32 ftu gqdo;as) ;{p/ gzikp B{z fJBQK ;{ueK ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D
dh r[zikfJ;a do;kT[Ad/ jB. n?; nko n?; p[b/fNB 2018 d/ nzefVnK B/ fJj do;kfJnk j? fe gzikp B/
fJBQK okiK dh ekor[iakoh s'A gkVk xNkfJnk j? ns/ Bkb jh fJ; d/ pkb w"s do (nkJhHn?wHnko) ftZu
2080 nzeK dk ;[Xko j'fJnk j?.r[nkYh oki jfonkDk ftZu fJj do (nkJhHn?wHnko) ;kb 2018 ftZu 30
nze ;h.
;koDh 32L j'oBk u'Dt/A okiK d/ w[ekpb/ Btiks fwqs{ do ns/ nzvo 5 fwqs{ do ftZu gzikp dh ekor[Ikoh

nkJhHn?wHnkoH :{H5 n?wHnko

2015^16 2018 2015^16

gzikp 29H2 20 33H2
jfonkDk 32H8 30 41H1
r[ioks 34H2 28 43H5
wjKok;aNo 23H7 19 28H7
nkXok gqd/;a 34H9 29 40H8
e/obk 5H6 07 7H1
skfwbBkv{ 20H2 15 26H8
;kXBL n?BHn?cHn?uHn?; 2015^16 ns/ n?;HnkoHn?; p[b/fNB 2020
pZfunK bJh f;jswzd ihtB B{z :ehBh pDkT[D ns/ pkb
w"s do B{z xNkT[D bJh NhekeoD Io{oh j? ns/ gzikp B/
oki ftZu pZfunK d/ NhekeoD B{z :ehBh pDkT[D bJh gzikp ftZu e/tb 1H7 gqshPs pZfunK Bz{
wjstg{oD soZeh ehsh j?. 12 s'A 23 wjhfBnK d/ e'Jh NhekeoD Bjh fwfbnk i' okPNoh
pZfunK dk nB[gks, fiBQK B{z e'Jh Nhek BjhA brkfJnk n";s d/ fJZe fsjkJh (6 # s'A xZN j?).

80
SRS and NFHS are not strictly comparable.
314
frnk ;h, 2015^16 ftZu T[j 1H7# ofj frnk I' 2005^06 ftZu 6H6# ;h. fit/A fe fuZso 88 ftu
ftykfJnk frnk j?, fJj pj[s/ okiK Bkb'A xZN j? ns/ okPNoh n";s d/ fJe fsjkJh s''A xZN j?. gzikp ns/
e/obk fJ; gZy'A d't/A jh f;yo s/ jB.

fuso 88L 12^23 wjhB/ dh T[wo d/ pZfunK dh gqshPsk fiBQK

dk NhekeoD BjhA j'fJnk(;kb 2015^16) oki ftZu ;zg{oD NhekeoD eto/i ftu th
pj[s ;[Xko nkfJnk j?. T[BQK pZfunK (12^23
gzikp ;G s'A xZN fjZ;/ tkbk oki j? fi; ftZu e'Jh wjhfBnK dh T[wo d/) fiBQK dk ;kok wZ[Ybk
th NhekeoD BjhA j[zdk NhekeoD (ph;hih, vhghNh, j?ghNkJhN; ph
ns/ g'fbU) j'fJnk dk nB[gks 2015^16
8.2% 8.7% ftu 89 gqshPs ;h fijVk fe 2005^06
6.0% 6.3%
ftu 60H1 s''A T[go tfXnk j?. fJe tko fco
3.4% oki dh ekor[Ikoh okPNoh n";s dh s[bBk ftu
2.3% tX/o/ ojh. n;b ftZu okiK ftZueko gzikp ftZu
1.7% 1.7%
pZfunK dh ;zg{oB w[ZYbk NhekeoD etoi dk
;G s''A tZX nB[gks j?.gzikp fJ; gZy'A th w'joh
oki j? fijVk Bk e/tb fJj :ehBh pDkT[Adk j?
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:ehBh pDkT[Adk j? fe fJj NhekeoD ;jh ;w/A
s/ ehsk ikt/. okPNoh gZXo d/ 42H9 gqshPs d/
w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu 84H7 gqshPs pZfunK dk
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T[fuZs T[wo ftZu NhekeoD ehsk frnk. (fuZso 89)
fuso 89 L12^23 wjhfBnK d/ T[wo d/ pZfunK dh gqshP;sk fizBK B/ ;ko/ w[ZYb/ NhekeoD gqkgs ehs/ (2015^16)
89.0%84.7%
gzikp pZfunK dh ;zg{oB w[ZYb/ NhekeoD d/ Bkb T[fusw Gkr tkbk oki j?
82.1%
65.2% 69.7%
62.0% 62.2% 61.0%
56.2% 55.5% 57.4%
50.4%
41.2% 42.9% 45.4%
26.6%

r[ioks wjKok;aNo Gkos jfonkDk nkXok gqd/;a skfkwbBkv{ e/obk gzikp

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iD/gk f;js ;zGkb

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e"wh n";s Bkb'A wiap{s (iK fJ; d/ Bkb pokpo) j?, go fJj j'o T[Zu nkwdBh tkb/ okiK s'A fgZS/ j?.
iD/gk w"s do (n?wHn?wHnko) fe;/ th nkofEesk ftZu f;js ;zGkb ;j{bskA dk w[ZYbk ;{ue j[zdk
j?.(fuZso 90) iD/gk w"s do (n?wHn?wHnko) bJh skiak nB[wkB, i' fe 2015^17 dh fwnkd bJh T[gbpX
jB, ;ze/s fdzd/ jB fe gzikp ftu iD/gk w"s do (n?w n?w nko) okPNoh n";s d/ pokpo, gqsh 1 bZy
iBw fgZS/ 122 j?. e/obk ftu iD/gk w"s do (n?wHn?wHnko) (2015^17 d/ ftueko) gqsh 1 bZy iBw fgZS/
42 fojk, i' d/;a Go ftu ;G s'A xZN j?. fJj sZE T[ikro eod/ jB fe gzikp ftu iD/gk f;js d/ w'ou/
ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D dh r[zikfJP j?.
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;zGkth wktK dh iBw d/D s'A gfjbK dh

fuZso 90 Lgzikp ns/ u'Dt/ okiK ftZu n?wHn?wHnko (2015 ^17).
d/y^o/y w[jZJhnK eotkT[D bJh gzikp
dh ekorIkoh okPNoh n";s s'A pj[s
gzikp n?wHn?wHnko ftZu ok;aNoh n";s d/ nB[;ko j?
uzrh j?. ;kb 2015^16
122 122 n?BHn?cHn?ZuHn?Z;H bJh nB[wkB do;kT[aAd/
98
jB fe ;kohnK ;zGkth wktK d/ 30H7
87
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74
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42 gfjbK dhnk ;kohnK ;j{bsK gqkgs
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(97H1 gqshPs) e'b iBw d/D s'A gfjbK
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dk bkr{eoB ehsk ik fojk j? sK i' d{i/
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iBw d/D s'A gfjbK dh xZN'^xZN fJe tko
;kXBL iD/g/k w"s doK d/ n?;HnkoHn?;H p[b/fNB.
iKu io{oh ehsh ik ;e/.
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gfjbK gj[zu BjhA ehsh ik ;edh ;h. oki B/ T[BQK ;zGkth wktK d/ nB[gks ftu th ;[Xko ftykfJnk j?
fiBQK B{z 2 iK tX N?NB; d/ Nhe/ bZr/ jB i' fe 2005^06 ftu 83H8 gqshPs s'A tX e/ 2015^16 ftu 89
gqshPs ;[Xko j' frnk.
;koDh 33 L iD/gk d/y^o/y ;{ue (2015^16) (#)

roGtsh n"osK dh gqsh;a;ask

f;cko;ah fe;wK dh
f;js eowukoh iBw s'A pknd d/
iBw s'A gfjbK dh f;js ;j{bsK d/
d[nkok fvbtoh u?enZg eoNBB
d/yGkb gqkgs eoB Bkb iBw d/Dk
;jkfJsk dh fvbtoh
tkbhnK
gzikp 30H7 90H5 94H1 90H9
Gkos 20H9 78H9 81H4 69
jfonkDk 19H5 80H4 84H6 73H4
rioks 30H7 88H5 87H1 70H7
wjKok;aNo 32H4 90H3 91H1 82H1
nkXok gqd;/ a 43H9 91H5 92H1 85H5
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fwnkoh iD/gk f;js B{z :ehBh pDkT[AD ftu wjZstg{oB

G{fwek ndk eoB tkbk fJe j'o sZE vbhtoh d"okB
g/P/tokBk ;jkfJsk dk j'Dk j?. n?ZBHn?cHn?uHn?Z;H^4 gzikp iD/g/ T[gozs f;js ;zGkb
;ot/yD s'A gfjbK 5 ;kbK (2015^16 d"okB gzikp ftu gqkgs eoB tkbhnK wktK d/ gZy s'A
90H5 gqshPs vbhtohnK f;js ;j{bs e/Ado ftu 94H1 d{ik w'joh oki j?.
gqshPs fe;/ fBg[zB f;js eowukoh dh ;jkfJsk Bkb
jz[dhnk ;B (;koDh 33).fJj okPNoh n";s s'A pj[s
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sfwbBkv{ fiZE/ brGr 100 gqshPs ;zGkth wktK dh vbhtoh f;js ;z;EktK ftu jz[dh j? fJj do;kT[Ad/ jB
fe gzikp B{z tX/o/ uzrh iD/gk f;js ;zGkb ;{ue gqkgs eoB bJh ni/ ;[Xko eoB dh b'V j?.
n?ZuHn?wHnkJhHn?Z;H s'A T[gbZpX skIk nzeV/ do;kT[aAd/ jB fe gzikp ftu 98H4 gqshPs vbhtohnK ;z;EktK
ftu j'JhnK jB i' fe 3 ;kbK d/ ;w/A d"okB tZv/ ;[Xko B{z do;kT[AdhnK jB. tX/o/ fXnkB oki ftu iBw
d/D s'A gfjbK dh d/y^o/y ns/ vbhtoh d"okB g/P/tokBk ;jkfJsk d/ bkGK pko/ ikro{esk g?dk eoB T[Zs/
j'Dk ukjhdk j? sK i' fJj :ehBh pDkfJnk ik ;e/ fe tX s'A tX ;zGkth wktK fJBQK ;j{bsK sZe gjz[u eo
;eD.
gzikp ftu BthnK pDhnK wktK fijVhnK fe iBw d/D s'A pknd dh d/y^o/y jk;b eodhnK jB dk
nB[gks ;ko/ okiK ftZu'A d{ik ;G s'A tX nB[gks j?. n?BHn?cHn?ZuHn?Z;^2015^16 d/ nB[wkB fJj do;kT[Ad/
jB fe gzikp ftu vbhtohnK d/ 91 gqshPs B{z BthnK wktK iBw d/D s'A pknd d/ u?Ze^ng ehs/ rJ/
(;koDh 33).

;koDh 34 LiBse f;js ;j{bsK ftZu iBw s'A fJj fdbu;g rZb j? fe gzikp iBse f;js
pknd gqsh i/p s'A ehsk frnk youk ;j{bsK ftu gqsh vbhtoh i/p ftZu'A ehs/ you dh
xZN'^xZN n";s ftZu'A j?. n?BHn?cHn?uHn?;H
2015^16 nB[;ko d/P ftu ftneshnK tb'A f;js
oki ;afjoh g/Av{ i'V ;[ftXk ;z;Ek ftu vbhtoh Bk eotkT[D dk fdZsk iKdk
ekoD yk; eoe/ g/Av{ y/soK ftu tZX \ou dk j'Dk j?.
gzikp 1576 2043 1890 gzikp okPNoh gZXo s'A ns/ j'o okiK dh s[bBK ftu
fco th ;z;Ekrs vbhtohnK bJh Pfjoh ns/ g/Av{ d'jK
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jfonkDk 2,371 1,160 1,569 roG^fBo'Xek dh tos'A

roG^fBo'Xe Bk e/tb gfotko fB:'iB ftu
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bJh nkX[fBe sohe/ tZy^tZy ;?e;[nbh NqK;fwNv
nkXok phwkohnK (n?Z;HNhHvhH) B{z th o'edhnK jB. Gkt/A
gqd/;a 2,339 2,316 2,322 roG^fBo'Xe dh tos'A ni/ th d/P ftu tX/o/ nB[gks
ftu BjhA ehsh iKdh fco th gzikp roG^fBo'Xe
wjKok;aNo 3,331 3,758 3,578
ngDkT[AD ftu w'joh j?. fuZso 91 T[; t;'A d/ nB[gks
B{z do;kT[Adk j? fijVh fe roG^fBo'XeK dh tos'A BjhA
skfwbBkv{ 2,556 2,649 2,609
eo ojh. fJj ;gZPN j? fe gzikp ftu nfijh t;'A dk
e/obk 6,848 6,944 6,901 nB[gks pj[s xZN j? i' roG^fBo'XeK dh tos'A BjhA
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fuZso 91 L iB;zfynk dk nB[gks i' toswkB ;w/A ftZu fe;/ th soQk dk roG^fBo'Xek dh tos'A Bjh eo
fojk. (#)

gzikp ftZu w"i{dk ;w/A ftu' fBo'Xek dh tos'A eoB tkbh iB;zfynk dh ;G
s'A xZN do j? 53.1
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ehsh j?. G"fse p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ gZy'A gqsh w?vheb ;z;Ek dh ;[ftXk gqkgs eoB tkbh nkpkdh 2020 ftu
7,916 ;h. fJ;/ soQK gqsh p?Zv ;j{bs jk;b eoB tkbh npkdh 2020 ftu 1595 d/ w[ekpb/ 2019 ftu
1,657 ;h. n";sB fJe w?vheb ;z;Ek 2H68 feHwhH dkfJo/ ftu ;j{bsK gqdkB eodh j?. fco th,
fIfbQnK ftu coe w"id { j?. id'A fe n?Z;HJ/Hn?Z;H Bro gqsh ;z;EK 5151 ftneshnk B{z ;oft; fdzdk j?,
fJj' n?Z;HJ/Hn?Z;HBro ftu 11337 (d[rD/ s'A tX) j?. fJ;/ soQK cohde'N ftu gqsh p?Zv 828 ftneshnK B{z
;oft; fdZsh iKdh j? id'A fe b[fXnkDk ftu fJj 3057 (bZrGZr u'r[Dh) j?. b[fXnkDk ns/ w'jkbh ftu
tX/o/ t;'A ns/ ;hws EK Pfjo ftu ;ohoe f;js p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ g;ko ftu gqw[Zy o[ektNK jB.
G"fse p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ w/b ftu gqsh vkeNo ;oft; gqkgs eodh nkpkdh ftu th ;kbK d'okB ;[Xko
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vkeNo 1009 ftneshnK dh ;h. 2020 ftu 347 ftneshnK B{z gqsh Bo; ;oft; d/ w[ekpb/ 2019 ftu
399 ftnesh gqsh Bo; ;oft; ojh. fIbQk wB[Zyh f;js p[fBnkdh YKu/ ftu ftfGzBsk th t/yD B{z fwbdh
j?. id'A fe soBskoB ftu fJZe vkeNo 12000 ftneshnK B{z ;oft; fdzdk j? cohde'N ftu fJj 500 s'A
th xZN j?. fJ;/ soQK gmkBe'N ftu fJZe Bo; 7600 ftneshnK B{z ;/tk w[jZJhnK eodh j? id'A fe gfnkbk
ftu fJj 63 j?.
g'PD ;fEsh
pkb g'PD
wkVh g'PD ;fEsh Bk f;oc ;ohoe ftek;, pbfe wkBf;e ftek; B{z th gqGkts eodh j?. n?; vh
ih 1 ns/ 2 dk T[d/P ftPt B{z rohph ns/ G[Zywoh s'A w[es eoBk j? sK i' fJj ;[fBPfus ehsk ik ;e/ fe
d[BhnK Go d/ pZu/ e[g'PD d/ ;okg s'A w[es j'D.
wB[Zyh ;oho B{z wkgD d/ fszB fuzBQ (nfte;s, d[pbkgB ns/ xZN Gko^5 ;kb dh T[wo s'A j/mK d/
pZfunK bJh) gZy'A gzikp dh ekor[Ikoh ;ko/ okiK s'A uzrh j? ns/ okPNoh n";s s'A pj[s tX j?. fuZso 92,
5 ;kb dh T[wo s'A j/mK d/ T[BQK pZfunk dk nB[gks do;kT[Adk j? fijV/ fe pkeh okiK ns/ okPNoh n";s
dh s[bBk ftu gzikp ftu nfte;s, d[pb/ ns/ xZN Gko tkb/ jB. fJj ;gZPN j? fe gzikp ftu pZu/ j'o
okiK d/ pZfunK Bkb'A tX/o/ uzrk g'PD gqkgs eod/ jB. 2005^06 ns/ 2015^16 ftueko 10 ;kbK d"okB
oki B/ pZfunK B{z e[g'PD dh ;wZf;nK s'A yk; eoe/ nfte;s dh ;wZf;nK s'A pkjo eZYD ftu ;[Xko
ftykfJnk jB. jkbKfe okPNoh o[MkBK d/ w/b ftu d[pb/ pZfunK d/ nB[gks ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?. fJ;/ d/
bJh f;js gfjbedwhnK T[Zs/ fXnkB e/Ados eoB dh b'V j? i' fe gzikp ftu pZfunK d/ ;zg{oD ;ohoe
ftek; B{z t/ydhnK jB.
fuZso 92L 5 ;kb s'A xZN T[wo d/ pZfunK dk nB[gks, i' fe gzikp ftZu j'o u"Dt/A okIK d/ w[ekpb/ T[wo
w[skpe xZN bzpkJh tkb/ , bzpkJh w[skpe xZN Gko tkb/, T[wo w[skpe xZN Gkotkb/ jB.
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rJh. oki ftu mhe^mke ns/ pj[s fInkdk nBhfwnk tkb/ pZfunK d/ nB[gks ftu s/ih Bkb froktN
nkJh j? (;koDh 35). oki ftu nBhwhnk tkb/ pZfunK d/ nB[gks okPNoh n";s s'A pj[s j/mK j?. fco th
wjZstg{oD ;[Xko d/ pkti{d oki ftu nZX/ s'A tZX pZu/ nBhwhnK d/ fPeko jB.
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gzikp Gkos

pZfunK dk nB[gks

pZfunK ftZu fe;/ soK dk nBhwhnk (6 s'A 59 wjhB/) 56.6 58.5

wK dk d[ZX ghD tkb// ( fgSb/ d' ;kbK d'okB iBw/ pZu/) 94.5 95

fgSb/ fsZb ;kbK ftZu iBw/ nzfsw pZu/ dk wK dk d[ZX ghD dk ;wK (wjhfBnK fZtZu)

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d[ZX uz[xkT[D d/ ;zdoG ftu gzikp dh ekor[Ioh okPNoh o[MkBK d/ pokpo j?. fgSb/ d' ;kbK ftu
iBw/ pZfunK ftZu'A okPNoh gZXo s/ 95 gqshPs dh s[bBk ftu 94H5 gqshPs wK d/ d[ZX s/ gb/ ;B. fJj
gzikp B{z wK d/ d[ZX s/ gb/ pZfunK d/ xZN nB[gks tkb/ okiK ftu oZydk j? (;koDh 35).
gkDh dh T[gbpZXsk ns/ ;?BhN/PB
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gZy'A :ehBh pDkT[Dk j?.uzrh f;js ns/ szdo[;sh (Nhuk 3) ns/ fwnkoh f;Zfynk (Nhuk 4) eJh soQK Bkb
fJ; j'o NhfunK dh g{osh bJh ;jkfJe j[zdk j?.
gzikp fpjso ghD :'r gkDh d/ ;'fwnK sZe ;[ftXkiBe gjz[u gqdkB eotkT[D ftZu ;|b fojk j?.
gzikp ftu bZrGZr ;ko/ gfotkoK (99H1 gqshPs) dh ghD :'r gkDh d/ fpjso ;o'sK sZe gjz[u j? fit/A fe
n?ZBHn?cHn?ZuHn?Z;H 2015^16 d[nkok nB[wkB brkfJnk frnk j? (fuZso 93). ;ot^Gkosh gZXo s/ e/tb
89H9 gqshPs gfotkoK dh ghD :'r gkDh d/ fpjso ;o'sK sZe gjz[u j?. ghD :'r gkDh d/ w[Zy ;o's okjhA
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89.9 90.6 90.9 91.5 91.6 89.8 90.8 92.9 99.2
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;?BhN/PB d/ gfjb{ *s/ gzikp fco d[pkok w'joh j?. gzikp ftu 92H9 gqshPs gfotkoK e'b gykB/ jB
id'A fe ;ot^Gkosh gZXo s/ e/tb 61H1 gqshPs gfotkoK e'b fJj ;j{bs j? fit/A fe fuZso 103 ftu
do;kfJnk frnk j?. gzikp u"Ek nfijk oki j? fi; B{z fe y[Zb/ ftu P"u w[es oki (g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh y/so
d'jK ftu) x'fPs ehsk frnk j?. fit/A fe T[Zgo df;nk frnk j? fe ;ko/ xoK ftu gykB/ BjhA jB. B/Vb/
GftZy ftu gzikp ftu ;ko/ xoK B{z gykfBnK dh ;j{bs fdZsh ikt/rh ns/ fJj fJ; wkwb/ ftu j'o okiK
fit/A fe e/obk fiZE/ 99H2 gqshPs gfotkoK e'b gykB/ jB, Bkb w[ekpbk eo/rk.
f;js ;?eNo ftu tZy^tZy ;oekoh gfjeedwhnK
n:P[wkB Gkos^;ops f;js phwk :'iBK (J/ph^n?Z;Hn?Z;HphHtkJhH)
“;ops f;js phwk :'iBK ” (n?Z;Hn?Z;HphHtkJh) fJZe gqwZ[y oki f;js phwk gq'rokw j? fijVk fe gzikp
dh 75 gqshPs nkpkdh noEks 45H89 bZy gfotkoK B{z 5 bZy o[gJ/ gqsh gfotko dk ;kbBk f;js eto
w[jZJhnk eodk j? i' fe Gkos ;oeko dh ;ehw nk:{PwkB Gkos sfjs eto ehs/ iKd/ 14H86 bZy
gfotkoK s'A bZrGr fsrDh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk n?Z;Hn?Z;HphHtkJhH d't/A d{i/ ns/ shi/ doI/ dh d/y^o/y
fJbki w[jZJhnk eodh j? id'A fe fJ; s'A gfjbK dh Grs g{oB f;zx f;js phwk :'iBK e/tb ;?ezvoh
d/y^o/y fJbki bJh gqsh gfotko 50,000 o[gJ/ dk ;kbKBk f;js eto w[jZJhnk eodh ;h. fJj ;ehw
nr;s, 2019 ftu n:{PwkB Gkos d/ ;fj:'r Bkb ekoiPhb j'Jh.
;w{fje o'r fBrokBh gq'rokw
;w{fje o'r fBrokBh gq'rokw (nkJhHvhHn?Z;HghH) gzikp ftu 12 i{B, 2007 B{z S{s dh fpwkohnK dh
S/sh fog'oN eoB, T[BQK d/ c?bD dh PBkys ns/ ;w/A f;o BfiZmD bJh nkozG ehsk frnk ;h. oki ftu
;ko/ 22 fIfbQnk ftu o'r dh fBrokBh bJh PBkys ehs/ 3230 T[g^e/Ado (n?Z;^ckow) w?vheb ;z;EktK
ftu 2172 :{fBN (gh^ckow) ns/ fog'ofNzr :{fBN ti'A 796 b/p'oNohnK (n?Zb^ckow) tkbk oki fBrokB
:{fBN ns/ fIbQK fBrokB :{fBNK dk B?NZ toe j?. fIbQk gZXo s/ o'r dh PBk\s bJh ;j{bs w[jZJhnK
eotkT[D bJh ;ko/ 22 fIfbQnK ftZu wkJhe'qpkJhUb'ih b?p ;Ekgs ehshnK rJhnK jB. fJj ;kohnK
b?p'oNohnk ebuo ;?B;NhftNh ns/ ;ho'b'ih N?Z;N w[|s w[jZJhnk eo ojhnK jB.
okPNoh pkb ;t;E ekfonkeqw (nkoHphHn?Z;He/H)
fJj gq'rokw nfijh gfjbedwh j? fi; dk we;d pZfunk d/ iBw s' b? e/ 18 ;kb sZe 4^vh B{z eto
eoB noEks iBw t/b/ B[e;, ewhnK, fpwkohnK ns/ ftek; d/ohnK fi; ftZu u'DthnK 31 o'rK bJh
ngkjisk ;akwb j?. xoK ftZu izw/ pZfunK B{z nk;ak toeo fiBQK B{z fJ; we;d bJh fsnko ehsk frnk j?
d[nkok ns/ ;oekoh f;js ;z;EktK ftZu iBw/ pZfunK dk f;js ;Nkca d[nkok (0 s'A 6 jcas/) ;eohfBzr
ehsh iKdh j?. nKrDtkVh e/AdoK ftZu doi (6 jcs/ s' 6 ;kb) sZe pZfunK dh ;wofgs w'pkfJb j?bE
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18 ;kbK sZe) d/ pZfunK dh th ;kb ftZu fJZe tkoh iKu ehsh iKdh j?. 4^vhi nXhB fBoXkfos 31
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320
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 321

fwbke/ T[bheh rJh j?. fJj ;ehw gkfJbN gqki?eN ti'A d/P d/ 200 fIfbnK ftu P[o{ ehsh ik ojh j?.
fJ; ;ehw nXhB ;kb 2020^21 bJh 1H68 eo'V o[gJ/ dk piN T[gpzX ehsk frnk j?.
gqXkB wzsoh wkso{ tzdBk :'iBk (ghHn?wHn?wHthHtkJh) (60L40)
fJj ;ehw e/Adoh gq:'fis ;ehw j? ns/ fJzdok rKXh wksost ;fj:'r :'iBK d/ Bkw s/ ps"o gkfJbN
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322
NhH;hH;hH;h ckfIbek dh ;Ekgs eoB dh gqfeqnk gµikp f;js f;;NwI ekog'o/PB tZb'A nkoµG ehsh rJh
j?. NhH;hH;hH;hH j[f;ankog[o dh gqtkBrh Gkos ;oeko tb'A ekotkJh nXhB j?. Gkos ;oeko B/ ;oekoh
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j?.

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gµikp oki J/vi ezNo'b ;[;kfJNh

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(n?BHJ/H;hHU) dh w[Ybh fiµw/tkoh j?. pb¤v NqK;fcT{iB ;/tktK (ph Nh n?Z;) dk ftP/P T[d/P ;[o¤fyns
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p/f;e ;/tktK vthiB

ngq?b 2019 s'A wkou 2020 s¤e fJBN/rq/fNv e"A;bK ns/ N?;fNµr ;?ANo (nkJhH;hHNhH;hH) ftu e[¤b
14,36,369 wohiK d/ N?¤;N ehs/ rJ/. fJBQK ftu'A 10620 d/ Bshi/ g'ihfNt gkJ/ rJ/, efwT{fNt n?u nkJh
th g'fifNftNh 0H73 gqshPs ;h. ukb{ ;kb (wkou 2020 s¤e) d"okB 375 J/ n?B ;h wkktK d/ Bshi/
g'fifNt ;B ns/ 102 ;aBkysh g'fifNt J/Hn?BH;h ;B. e[b ihfts iBw 426 ns/ 420 n?wHphH g/no
fdZs/ rJ/ ;B. oki ftu wkou 2020 s¤e ekoiPhb nkJh ;h Nh ;h d/ e[b frDsh 1032 j?.

gµikp dhnK 10 ;?ANob i/bK ns/ pZfunK d/ j'wia ftu ekT[;fbµr ns/ N?;fNµr ekoi ehsk ik fojk j?.
1,288 wohiaK dk N?;N ehsk frnk j? fi; d/ ft~u 04 e/; gki?fNt gkJ/ rJ/. n?~uHnkJhHth ns/ f;fcfb;
N?;fNzr ;/tktK j[D thn?un?Bvh e?AgK ft~u P[o{ ehshnK rJhnK jB.

e/no ;g'oN n?Av NqhNw?AN ( ;hHn?Z;HNhH)

fJ; ;ehw dk w[¤y wµst n?u nkJh th$J/vi (ghHn?bHn?uHnkJhHthH) rq;s ihts ftnesh ƒ d/y^o/y
;jkfJsk ns/ fJbki dk ft;sqs g?ei w[j¤fJnk eoBk j?. w"i{dk ;w/A gµikp ft¤u 9 g{oh soQK ekoiPhb J/
nko Nh ;?ANo (8 J/ nko Nh ns/ 1 J/ nko Nh gb¤;) ns/ 4 c?f;fbNh fJµNhrqfNv J/ nko Nh ;?ANo jB.
gµikp d/ J/ nko Nh ;?ANo$ n?c n?Jh^J/ nko Nh ;?ANo fty/ 10047 Bt/A gh n?b n?u nkJh th ngq?b 2019
s'A wkou 2020 se ofi;No ehs/ rJ/. fJBQK ftu'A 9086 gh n?¤b n?u nkJh th dk nkoµG J/ nko Nh s/
ehsk frnk ns/ e[b 7427 gh n?b n?u nkJh th ihts jB ns/ J/ nko Nh T[¤s/ jB.
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;?e;{nbh NqK;fwNv vihi (n?Z; Nh vh) d/ fB:µsqD bJh gfjbedwhnK

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fJBc?ePBi (nko Nh nkJh) wj¤stg{oD iBse f;js ;w¤f;nktK jB.

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;µg{oD fJbki pj[s io{oh j?. n?Z; Nh nkJh$ nko Nh nkJh ebhfBe ;ko/ fibQk j;gskbK ns/ e[M T[g
fibQk f;js ;[ftXk e/AdoK ft¤u ekoiPhb jB fi¤E/ w[cs b?p N?¤;N ns/ t¤y^t¤y phwkohnK bJh voZr
fe¤NK T[gb¤pX eotkJhnK iKdhnK jB sK i' wohiK ns/ T[BQK d/ ;kEh dk th ;µg{oD fJbki ehsk ik ;e/.
T[go'es ftu w[cs ekT[;fbµr ;/tktK th w[j¤Jhnk ehshnK iKdhnK jB. J/ n?B ;h e/;K ƒ ftP/P d/y o/y
w[j¤Jhnk ehsh iKdh j?. w"i{dk ;w/A N?;N eoB ns/ ;w/A f;o fJbki bJh J/ n?B ;h e/;K dh 100 gqshPs
eto/i th ehsh ik ojh sK i' oki ƒ eBi?BhNb ns/ BhUB/Nb f;cfb; s'A w[es ehsk ik ;e/.

n?Z; Nh nkJh$ nko Nh nkJh ebhfBeK dh frDsh fijVh fe 2009^ 10 ftu 23 ;h j[D fibQk$ T[g fibQk
j;gskbK ns/ ;oekoh w?vheb ekbiK fty/ 2019^20 ftu tX e/ 31 j' rJh j?.

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j? ns/ fpj/thno u/Ai efwT{fBe/PB, e'Avw dh tos'A ƒ gq's;kjB d/D, n?Z; Nh nkJh d/y o/y, n?u nkJh th
N?;fNµr o?cob ns/ n?ANh o?No' tkfJob fJbki,jkow fovePB fi; ftu n?u nko ih ns/ fpqi t;'A bJh
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eto eodhnK jB, fJ;/ soQK iBse f;js ;?fNµr ftu 23 ns/ n?B ih U ;?fNµr ftu 9 f;js ;µGkb
;µ;EktK fty/ U n?¤; Nh gq'rokw bkr{ ehsk ik fojk j?. nkJh vh :{ ƒ B[e;kB xNkU dybnµdkih* tb'A
;pfbµr[nb p[gq?Bo'ckJhB ns/ whEkvB w[j¤Jhnk ehsk ik fojk j?. w"i{dk ;w/A U n?¤; Nh e/AdoK fty/
28648 nkJh vh :{I dk fJbki P[o{ ehsk frnk j?.

BPk fB:µsqDL BPk^S[vkT[ ns/ g[Botk; bJh gµikp oki p'ov

;koDh 36 BPk S[vkU e/AdoK ftZu UHghHvh ns/ nkJhHghHvh wohiK dh frDsh

;kb UHghHvhH nkJhHghHvhH

2015 114482 11019
2016 70398 4370
2017 108767 8348
324

2018 212067 10884 BPk^S[vkT[ ns/ g[Botk; bJh

2019 (nes[po se) 167463 15404 gµikp oki p'ov dk rmB w[¤y
nes{po 2019 s'A wµsoh, gµikp dh gqXkBrh nXhB
247650 6120
;szpo 2020 ehsk frnk j?. p'ov ftu T[¤x/
f;js wkjo ns/ gqf;¤X f;tb ;[;kfJNh B[wkfJµd/ Pkwb jB. fJ;/ soQK jo/e fibQ/ ftu ;pµXs fifbQnK d/
fvgNh efwPBo dh gqXkBrh nXhB BPk^S[vkU ns/ g[Botk; ;[;kfJNh dk rmB ehsk frnk j?. f;tb
;oiB, wB'ftfrnkBe wkfjo, fibQk ;wkie ;[o¤fynk nc;o ns/ n?Z; n?Z; gh fJBQK :sBK dk fBohyD
eoB bJh j'o w?Apo jB. BPk S[vkU wohiK dh U gh vh ns/ nkJh gh vh dh ;fEsh ;koDh 36 ft¤u g/P
ehsh rJh j?.

e'ftv^19 wjKwkoh

oki tb'A ef'tv^19 wjKwkoh dh u[B"sh ns/ yso/ dk ;kjwDk eoB bJh ;ko/ b'VhAd/ edw u[Ze/ rJ/ jB.
ef'tv^19 d/ gqpzXB d/ tZy tZy gfjb{nK dh fBrokBh eoB bJh eJh ew/NhnK ns/ wkfjo ro[Zg rfms ehs/
rJ/. e'ftv^19 d/ gqpzXB s/ ;oeko tb'A j[D sZe 1000H00 eo'V o[gJ/ s'A tZX you ehs/ ik u[Ze/ jB.

fJ; d/ ft;sko s/ mZb gkT[D bJh oki ftZu j[D sZe 40H33 bZy ;?Agb bJ/ ik u[Ze/ jB. 7 iBtoh 2021
sZe 1H68 bZy ftneshnK d/ N?;N gkifhNt gkJ/ rJ/ fiBQK ftu'A 159790 B{z j;gskbK s'A S[ZNh fdZsh ik
u[Zeh j?.

• ef'tv^19 d/ fJbki bJh ;j{bs gZXo s/ ft;fsqs gqpzX ehs/ rJ/ jB fit/A fe b?tb^2 d/ j;gskbK
(;ko/ fibk j;gskb ns/ ;p vthiBb j;gskb) ftZu 8000 p?v T[gbZpX eotkJ/ rJ/ jB, b?tb^3 dhnK
;j{bsK (;oekoh w?vheb ekbi nfzwqs;o, gfNnkbk, cohde'N ns/ fibk j;gskb bf[XnkDk ns/ ibzXo)
ftZu e'ftv ^19 d/ fJbki bJh 1500 nkJhH;hH:{H p?v ns/ 855 t?ANhb/No T[gbZpX eotkJ/ rJ/ jB.

• id'A wjKwkoh P[o{ j'Jh ;h sK oki e'b ef'tv^19 bJh e'Jh N?;fNzr ;woZEk BjhA ;h ns/ Bwf{BnK B{z
n?BHnkJhHthH, g{B/ fty/ N?;fNzr bJh Gf/ink iKdk ;h. j[D oki ftZu 7 ;oekoh b?po
' NohnK jB fiBQK dh
;KMh N?;fNzr ;woZEk 25000 N?;N gqsh fdB j?.fJZE/ j[D e/Ado ;oeko dhnK b?p'oNohnK fit/A fe
ghHihHnkJhH ns/ nkJhHn?;ln?;HJhHnkoH ns/ eJh gqkJht/N b?p'oNohnK jB. ;oeko tb'A gqkJht/N b?pI
fty/ N?f;Nzr dh ehws s/ brkw brkJh rJh j?. o'ikBk n";sB 25000 s'A 27000 N?;N ehs/ ik oj/ jB.

6H4 f;¤fynk

f;¤fynk wB[¤yh ftek; ns/ r[Dt¤sk Go/ ihtB bJh fJ¤e gqw[¤y
;kXB j? fijVh f;¤yD ns/ ftek; eoB bJh uµr/ nt;oK bJh
gzikp dk r[Zv rtoB?A; fJzv?e;
okj y'bQdh j?. n?Z;HvhHih 4, ‘etkfbNh f;¤fynk* dk we;d
nkc n?wHUHn?; (ghHgh) s/
;w[¤uh ns/ T[fus fwnkoh f;¤fynk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Dk ns/ wBZ[yh ;o's ftek; d/ gZy' d{i/
Bzpo s/ j?.
;kfonK bJh ihtB Go bJh f;¤yD d/ nt;oK ƒ gq's;kjB d/Dk
j?. gµikp ;oeko oki ft¤u f;¤fynk dk ;kirko w[j¤Jhnk eoB
 325

bJh ;wofgs j?. oki ;oeko ;e{bh f;¤fynk ftu r[Dkswe ;[Xko fbnkT[D ns/ ;jh noEK ft¤u
f;¤fynk d/ nfXeko (2011) ƒ T[s;kjs eoB dk we;d o¤ydh j?. gµikp dh fJ; d/ wip{s p[fBnkdh
YKu/ ns/ Bshik ;{ueK s/ wkDwZsh ekor[iakoh j?.

Bhsh n:'r n?Z; vh ih fJµv?e; 2019^20 d/ n?Z; vh ih 4 (r[Dt¤sk$ fwnkoh f;¤fynk) 67 d/ ;e'o Bkb
gµikp okPNoh n";s s'A n¤r/ j?. (Gkos dk fJ; ftu 58 Bzpo j?) ns/ p/;bkJhB fog'oN ftu fJ; ;e'o
s/ wj¤stg{oB ;[Xko ftykfJnk j?. gµikp go;'Bb, iBse fPekfJsK ns/ g?BPB wµsokbk tb'A ubkJ/ rJ/
uµr/ oki^ gqpµX fJµv?e; d/ wB[¤yh ;o's ftek; gfjb{ T[¤s/ nkgD/ 0H8 d/ ;e'o Bkb 18 okiK ftu'A d{i/ doi/
s/ j?.fJµv?e; dk fJj gfjb{ f;¤fynk d/ t¤y^t¤y g¤yK (Bshi/ ns/ fbµr ;wkBsk ;{ueK) ns/ j[Bo ftek;
B{z wkgdh j?.

;kyosk do

gµikp B/ oki ftu ;kyosk g¤XoK ftu ;[Xko eoB ftu wj¤stg{oD so¤eh ehsh j?. ;kyosk do noE
ftt;Ek d/ f;¤fynk d/ g¤Xo dk w[Ybk ;{ue j[µdk j?. gµikp B/ fgZSb/ ;kbK d"okB nkgDh ;kyosk do
ft¤u ;[Xko eoB ft¤u wj¤stg{oD so¤eh ehsh j?. 2011 dh wodw P[wkoh nB[;ko gµikp dh ;kyosk do
75H84 gqshPs j? fijVh fe 1971 ftu 34H12 gqshPs s'A tXh j? ns/ fJj jo djke/ (n";sB) 10 gqshPs
g[nkfJµNK s'A th tX ;[Xko do;kT[Adh j?. fJ; dh s[bBk ftu okPNoh ;kyosk do 2011 ftu 72H99
gqshPs ;h i' fe 1971 ftu 34H45 gqshPs s'A tXh j?. fco th oki ƒ ;G s'A T[gob/ doi/ d/ okiK fit/A
e/obk (94 gqshPs) ns/ wjkokPNo (82H34 gqshPs)dh pokpoh eoB ftu T[gokb/ eoB dh b'V j?.
okPNoh ;?Agb ;ot/yD (2014) nB[;ko gµikp ftu ;kyosk do 80 gqshPs se tXh j?. gh n?b n?c n?Z;
fog'oN nB[;ko gµikp ft¤u ;kyosk doK dk 81H781 gqshPs se tXD s/ fJ; ftu j'o ;[Xko nkfJnk j?.

2011 dh wodwP[wkoh nB[;ko wodK dh ;kyosk do okPNoh o[MkBK d/ pokpo j?, fi; dh do gµikp
ft¤u 80H5 gqshPs ns/ okPNoh g¤Xo s/ 80H9 gqshPs j?. fJ; s'A T[bN gµikp ftu fJ;sohnK dh
ekor[ikoh okPNoh g¤Xo s/ n"osK dh ekor[ikoh Bkb'A t¤X j?.gµikp ft¤u n"osK dh ;kyosk do 70H7
gqshPs j? i' fe okPNoh g¤Xo s/ n"osK dh 64H7 gqshPs ;kyosk do Bkb'A feXo/ t¤X j?. fco th gµikp
ft¤u n"osK dh fJ; wip{s ekor[ikoh B/ okPNoh n";s d/ Bkb Bkb oki ftu fbµr nµso ƒ xNkT[D ftu
;jkfJsk ehsh j? fi; ƒ fe fu¤so 10 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j?. gh n?b n?c n?Z; 2018^19 ftu doi
ehs/ nB[;ko jkb jh dk v/Nk do;kT[Adk j? fe fJj fbµr nµso n¤r/ j'o 9 gqshPs g[nkfJµN; se x¤N
frnk j?. (wod 86 gqshPs ns/ n"osK 77 gqshPs)

81
PLFS and Census are not strictly comparable
326

fu¤so 94L gzikp ns/ Gkos ftu ;kyosk dok ftu g/Av{^Pfjoh fbzr n;wkBsk

gzikp ftZu ;kyosk dok ftu g/Av{^Pfjoh fbzr n;wkBsk okPNoh gZXo s'A xZN j?.
19.6% 20.3%
16.3% 16.4% 14.4%
9.7% 11.8% 11.0%

Gkos gzikp Gkos gzikp Gkos gzikp Gkos gzikp

fbzr gkVk g?Av{^Pfjoh nzso fbzr gkVk g?Av{^Pfjoh nzso

;kXB L iBrDBk^2011

oki ftu g/Av{^Pfjoh Pkyosk doK dk nµso e"wh o[MkBK dk gkbD eodk j? fi; eoe/ Pfjoh y/so tX/o/
uµrh ekor[ikoh ftyk fojk j?. jkbKfe fbµre nµso d/ wkwb/ gzikp dk g/Av{^Pfjoh nµso pj[s x¤N j?
ftu j?,(fu¤so 94). fJ; dk :'rdkB fdjksh Gkos ns/ fdjksh gµikp ftu T[¤u ;kyosk doK d[nkok
fdZsk frnk j?. fdjksh gµikp bJh ;kyosk do 71H4 gqshPs j? id'A fe fJj Gkos bJh 67H8 gqshPs j?.
fJ; d/ T[bN gµikp dh Pfjoh y/so dh ekor[ikoh Pfjoh Gkos Bkb'A wkw{bh xZN j?. Gkos bJh Pfjoh
y/soK ftu ;kyosk do 84H2 gqshPs j? i' fe gµikp ftu 83H2 gqshPs j?. ;kyosk doK ft¤u g/Av{^Pfjoh
nµso th x¤N e/ 8H3 gqshPs g[nkfJµN j'fJnk j? fit/A fe gh n?b n?c n?Z; 2018^19 ftu doi ehsk
frnk j?.

gµikp dh pkbr ;kyosk do T[¤s/ ekor[ikoh oki ftu ;kyosk doK ft¤u t/y/ rJ/ o[MkBK d/ nB[e{b
ftykJh fdzdh j?. pkbr ;kyosk T[; T[wo d/ b'eK ƒ do;kT[Adh j? fijV/ 15 ;kb iK fJ; s'A t¤X jB.
wodwP[wkoh 2011 do;kT[Adh j? fe gµikp ftu pkbrK dh ;kyosk do 73 gqshPs ;h i' fe okPNoh
n";s dh 69H3 gqshPs Bkb'A tZX ;h. fbµr n;wkBsk ns/ g/Av{^Pfjoh nµso pkbr ;kyosk ftu th ;gPN
fdykJh fdµdk j? Gkt/A fJj nµso gµikp g¤Xo s/ pj[s x¤N j? (fu¤so 94). gzikp ftZu wodK ns/ Pfjoh
y/soK ftu pkbr ;kyosk do tX j?.

j'o Bshfink d/ ;{ue

dkybk nB[gks

gµikp ;oeko dk we;d th f;fynk ;?eNo ftu 100 gqshPs e[Zb dkybk nB[gks ( ih Jh nko) ns/ 100
gqshPs ;[ZX dkybk nB[gks (n?B Jh nko) gqkgs eoB dk Nhuk j?.w[cs ns/ bkiwh f;¤fynk dk nfXeko
n?eN (2009) d/ pDB ns/ fJ; s'A pknd 2011 ftu gµikp ;oeko tb'A n?eN ƒ ngDkT[D dk we;d 6
s'A 14 ;kb dh T[wo d/ ;ko/ p¤funK ƒ f;¤fynk se gj[µu w[j¤Jhnk eotkT[Dk j?.gµikp bJh 2019^20
bJh e[Zb dkybk nB[gks bJh skik T[gbp¤X nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe oki f;¤fynk d/ gqkfJwoh, ngo
gqkfJwoh ns/ ;?eµvoh g¤XoK s/ 100 gqshPs e[Zb dkybk nB[gks dk Nhuk gqkgs eoB d/ B/V/ j?. 2019^20
bJh ;[ZX dkybk nB[gks d/ nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe oki ƒ 100 gqshPs dk Nhuk gqkgs eoB bJh ni/
E'Vk ;wK j'o b¤r/rk (;koDh 37).
 327

;koDh 37 L f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK bJh dkybk nB[gks

ihHJhHnko n?BHJhHnko

gqkfJwoh 96H1 92H7

ngo gqkfJwoh 92H1 86H9

;ze?voh 94H0 74H9

jkJh ;ze?voh 80H1 59H4

;kXB L ;e{b f;Zfynk ftGkr, gzikp

f;¤fynk d/ ;ko/ g¤XoK s/ gµikp ft¤u e[Zb dkybk nB[gks bJh 2018^19 bJh nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe
gµikp dh ekor[ikoh okPNoh n";s Bkb'A uµrh j?. ;koDh 38L okPNoh n";s ns/ j'o u'Dt/A okiK d/
w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu e[Zb dkybk nB[gks dk s[bBkswe gqdkB eodk j?.gµikp ft¤u e[Zb dkybk nB[gks t¤v/
okiK fit/A r[ioks ns/ nKXok gqd/P Bkb'A tfXnk j?.

;koDh 38 L gzikp ns/ d{;o/ u'Dt/A okiK ftu f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK s/ e[Zb dkybk nB[gks

gqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh ;ze?voh jkJh ;ze?voh

T[u/oh f;fynk
f;fynk f;fynk f;fynk f;fynk

2018- 2017- 2017- 2018-

2017-18 2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19 2018-19
19 18 18 19
gzikp 96.2 107.5 95.0 99.9 88.9 93.1 70.6 68.1 30H3 29H5
Gkos 94.2 101.2 90.9 87.7 79.4 76.9 56.5 50.1 25H8 26H3
nkXok
85.6 96.3 83.9 87.5 79.3 79.7 47.3 46.8 30H9 32H4
gqd/P
r[ioks 94.6 94.8 94.6 93.7 77.1 76.1 46.5 41.2 20H1 20H4
jfonkDk 97.9 104.1 96.7 97.6 92.1 93.9 59.4 56.1 28H7 29H2
e/obk 95.3 98.6 93.4 96.5 97.4 98.0 79.1 80.3 36H2 37H0
wjkokPNo 97.4 105.3 98.2 98.0 92.7 91.1 71.2 68.9 31H1 32H0
skfwbBkv{ 97.8 100.1 84.6 95.2 86.9 90.4 82.5 72.3 48H6 49H0

;kXB L :{ vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhHO (2018^19) ns/ ;op^Gkosh ;ot/yD^T[u/oh f;Zfynk (2018^19)

gzikp gqkfJwoh ns/ ngo gqkfJwoh g~Xo s/ nkgDh ihHJhHnko ftu t~vk ;[Xko fdykT[D ftu ;cb fojk
j?. oki B/ gqkfJwoh f;~fynk ftu 100# dk ihHJhHnko Nhuk gqkgs ehsk j? ns/ T[~u gqkfJwoh ftu fJj
Nhu/ d/ B/V/ j?. ;?ezvoh ftu gzikp d/ ihHJhHnko (2018^19 bJh) ftu 4H2 dk ;[Xko j'fJnk j?
328

;a[aX dkybk do, dkyb/ bJh T[wo ƒ n?Avi;N eoB tkbk wkg j? i' fe dkybk nB[gksK dk tX/o/ uµrk
nB[wkB wµfBnk iKdk j? feT[Afe fJj fJ; s¤E ƒ t/ydk j? fe ftfdnkoEh ƒ T[; dh T[wo d/ fj;kp Bkb
T[fus ebk; ftu dkyb ehsk frnk j? iK BjhA. gµikp f;¤fynk d/ ;ko/ g¤XoK T[¤s/ fJ; dh ;aa[X dkybk do
ƒ fpjso eoB ft¤u ;woE fojk j? ns/ fJ; ƒ okPNoh n";s d/ B/V/ b? e/ nkfJnk j? (;koDh^39). e[Zb
dkybk do ftu o[MkBK Bkb w/b yKd/ j'J/ gqkJhwoh ns/ ;?eµvoh g¤XoK s/ ;aa[X dkybk do 100 gqshPs Nhu/
ƒ gqkgs eoB d/ B/V/ tfXnk j?. ;kb 2019^20 bJh nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB (;koDh^37) fe Nhu/ ƒ gqkgs
eoB tb oki dh ;[ZX dkybk do ftu j'o ;[Xko nkfJnk j?.

;koDh 39L gzikp ftu d{;o/ u'Dt/A okiK ftu f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK s/ ;w[Zuh n?ZBHJhHnkoH(# ftZu)

gqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh ;ze?voh jkJh ;ze?voh

oki
2005^06 2018^19 2005^06 2018^19 2013^14 2018^19 2013^14 2018^19

gzikp 51H8 78.7 37H7 58.7 47H5 39.3 37H9 27.7

Gkos 84H5 89.1 43H1 69.0 45H6 78.6 30H4 30.8

nkXok gqd/P 75H3 80.1 53H0 63.9 43H6 48.8 37H6 28.2

r[ioks 78H9 81.8 36H6 72.8 44H9 52.2 28H4 28.0

jfonkDk 38H1 84.1 20H3 69.3 46H2 53.0 36H4 32.2

e/obk ^ 88.2 58H5 80.7 73H8 74.8 57H5 59.7

wjkokPNo ^ 94.2 57H1 76.8 56H3 59.6 35H6 43.0

skfwbBkv{ 93H9 89.6 77H3 78.6 61H6 67.5 51H4 55.7

B'NL ( ykbh EK do;kT[dk j? fe vkNk T[gbZpX Bjh j?)
;kXB L T[u/oh f;Zfynk s/ :{ vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhHO (2018^19)

;e{b SZvD dh do
;koDh 40L gzikp ftu tZy^tZy f;ZfynK gZXoK s/ ;e{b SZvD dh do (2019^20)
gzikp ftZu f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK
;e{b SZvD dh do
yk;eo gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ ;e{b SZvD dhnK
gqkfJwoh 0.0 doK Bz{ xNkT[D ftZu tZvk ;[Xko nkfJnk
ngo gqkfJwoh 0.1 j?. gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ gzikp ftZu ;e{b
;ze?voh 3.5 SZvD dh do 2005^06 ftZu 8H9# s'A xZN
jkJh ;ze?voh 7.7 e/ 2019^20 ftZu 0H0 gqshPs j' rJh j?
;kXB L ;e{b f;Zfynk ftGkr, gzikp (;koDh^40). ;e{b SZvD dh doK
ftfdnkoEhnK d/ nB[gks Bz{ wkg dh j? i'
ftZfdnk d/ fe;/ ftP/; gZXo Bz{ g{ok eoB ftZu n;cb j[zd/ jB iK nrb/ gZXo bJh dkybk Bjh b?Ad/. xZN
;e{b SZvD dh do Bk f;oc pZfunK Bz{ ;e{b fbnkT[D ftZu, pbfe fJj th :ehBh pDkT[D ftZu T[E/ jh
fNe e/ gVQB i' gzikp ;oeko dh ;cbsk dk ;ze/s jB.oki dk T[d/;a j? fe ;ko/ ftfdne gZXoK s/ ;e{b
SZvD dhnK doK Bz{ f;co eo fdZsk ikt/.
 329

okPNoh gZXo s/ o[MkBK Bkb s[bBk fJj do;kT[Adh j? fe gzikp ftu ;e{b SZvD dh do pj[s xZN j? fit/A
fe ;koDh 41 ftu do;kfJnk j?.e/tb jkfJo ;?ezvoh f;Zfynk gZXo s/ nfijk BjhA j?. fco th, gzikp Bz{
Iho' ;e[b SZvD dh do dk Nhuk jk;b eoB bJh fsnkoh eoBh gt/rh.
;koDh 41L gzikp ns/ d{;o/ u'Dt/A okiK ftu f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK s/ ;w[ZuhnK ;e{b SZvD dhnK doK
(2017^18)

gqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh

gzikp 2.9 4.1

Gkos 4.5 4.7
nkXok gqd/P - 1.1
r[ioks 2.3 7.4
jfonkDk - 2.0

e/obk 0.0 -

wjkokPNo 1.1 2.2

skfwbBkv{ 1.2 0.6

B'NL ( ykbh EK do;kT[dk j? fe vkNk T[gbZpX Bjh j?)
;kXB L :{ vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhHO 2017^18

spdhbh dhnK doK

gzikp gfotosB doK do;kT[AdhnK jB fe tX/o/ ftfdnkoEh oki ftu f;Zfynk d/ nrb/o/ gZXo sZe gj[zud/
jB. 2019^20 sZe gqkfJwoh s'A nZgo gqkfJwoh gZXo bJh gfotosB do 102H81 gqshPs j? ns/ ngo
gqkfJwoh s'A ;?ezvoh gZXo bJh 100H82 gqshPs j?. okPNoh n";s Bkb s[bBk fJj do;kT[Adh j? fe gzikp
dh ekor[Ikoh tX/o/ uzrh j? (;koDh 42). ;oeko dk w[Zy fXnkB fwnkoh f;Zfynk w[jZJhnk eotkT[D ekoB
tX/o/ ftfdnkoEh nkgDh gVQkJh ikoh oZyd/ jB.
;koDh 42 L gzikp ns/ d{;o/ u’Dt/A okiK ftu f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK s/ ;w[ZuhnK gfotosB doK
(2017^18)

gqkfJwoh s'A ngo gqkfJwoh n/bhw/ANoh s'A ;ze?voh

gzikp 97 94
Gkos 91 90
nkXok gqd/P 97 98
r[ioks 97 85
jfonkDk 98 96

e/obk 100 100

wjkokPNo 99 96
330

gqkfJwoh s'A ngo gqkfJwoh n/bhw/ANoh s'A ;ze?voh

skfwbBkv{ 98 91

;kXB L :{ vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhHO 2017^18

gzikp ftu gfotosB doK okPNoh n";s s'A tX/o/ ojhnK jB, yk; eoe/ ;?ezvoh s'AA jkfJo ;?ezvoh dhnK
gfotosB doK. fJ; dh g[PNh oki ftu T[Zu dkybk nB[gks ns/ xZN ;e{b SZvD dhnK doK eodhnK
jB.
f;ZyD d/ Bshi/
gzikp B/ f;Zfynk d/ ;ko/ gZXoK yk; eoe/ w[Zybh f;Zfynk (gqkfJwoh ns/ ngo gqkfJwoh) sZe gj[zu Bz{
:ehBh pDkT[D ftu pj[s ;[Xko ftykfJnk j?. tZy^tZy Bshik ;{ueK fit/A dkybk nB[gksK, gfotosB ns/
;e{b SZvD dhnK doK *s/ oki dh ekor[Ikoh okPNoh n";s dh s[bBk ftu tX/o/ uzrh ojh j? yk; eoe/
gqkfJwoh gZXo s/.gzikp gqkfJwoh ns/ ngo gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ 100 gqshPs e[Zb dkybk do gqkgs eoB d/
B/V/ j?. fJ; s'A nrKj tXd/ j'J/ fJj Io{oh j? fJe tko pZu/ i/eo ;e{b ftu dkybk b? b?Ad/ jB sK T[j
f;ZyD. fF;ZyD d/ sohe/ ftfdnkoEhnK dh e'o; ;wZroh Bz{ ;wMD dh ;woZEk Bz{ do;kT[Ad/ jB.
gfjbh s'A gzithA iwks ftu tZy^tZy ftfPnK bJh Nhuk nXhB f;ZyD d/ gZXoK dk fBoXkoD ;e{b f;Zfynk
ftGkr eodk j?. ;szpo 2019 ftu bJ/ rJ/ p/; bkJhB N?;N ftu gfjbh s''A gzithA iwks d/
ftfdnkoEhnK tZb'A gqkgs ehs/ NhfunK dh ;w[Zuh gqshPssk e/tb 45H51 gqshPs ;h fijVh fe gh gh gh
gh sfjs n?vz bkJhB ftu tX e/ wkou 2020 ftu n:'fis 88H44 gqshPs j' rJh. (;koDh 43)
;koDh 43 L gqkgs ehs/ rJ/ NhfunK dh Pq/Dh w[skpe gqshPssk (2019^20)

p/;bkJhB Bshi/ (#)(;szpo fJwfsjkB s'A pknd Bshi/

iwks soZeh (%)
2019) (#)( wkou 2020)

gfjbh 31.11 90.28 59.17

d{ih 39.97 87.30 47.33

shih 45.28 86.59 41.31

u"Eh 45.99 85.87 39.88

gzith 58.44 91.72 33.28

e[Zb 45.51 88.44 42.93

;kXB L ;e{b f;fynk ftGkr, gzikp

gVQ' gzikp gVQkU gzikp” (ghghghgh) ƒ 9 thA ns/ 10 thA ebk;K ns/ fJ; s'A pknd 11 thA ns/ 12 thA
ebk;K ft~u tkXk ehsk frnk j?. fgSb/ ;kb 2017^18 d/ ;?PB 2018^19 d/ ;?PB bJh gzikp ;e{b
f;~fynk p'ov d/ BshfinK s'A fJj gqrN j'fJnk j? fe “gVQ' gzikp gVQkU gzikp” gq'i?eN dk gqGkt
;ekokswe fojk j?. go fJ; ;kb p'ov dk Bshik ;h;hJh d/ nXko s/ frfDnk frnk j? ns/ fJj t~yo/
ckow?N ft~u x'fPs ehsk frnk j?. fJ; bJh, BshfinK dh s[bBk fgSb/ ;kbK Bkb'A BjhA ehsh ik
;edh.gzikp d/ ;ko/ ftfdnkoEh n~mthA ns/ 10 thA ebk; ft~u t~y t~y ftfPnK ft~u gk; j'J/ jB I' fe
[;koDh 44 ns/ 44(J/)] ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?.
 331

;koDh 44L 8th iwks d/ ft;a/ nB[;ko rq/v tkJhia Bshi/ 2019^20 (gqsh;as)

ft;ak J/+ J/ ph+ ph ;h+ ;h vh

(91-100 (81- (71- (61- (51- (41- (1-40%)
%) 90%) 80%) 70%) 60%) 50%)
gzikph^n?b1 49.36 29.20 15.59 4.18 1.06 0.42 0.18

gzikph^n?b2 27.11 29.24 25.97 11.93 3.80 1.21 0.30

Ffjzdh^n?b1 27.22 29.55 25.67 12.02 3.67 1.14 0.32

fjzdh –n?b2 47.49 29.38 16.29 4.81 1.29 0.51 0.21

T[od{ - n?b1 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

T[od{^n?b2 24.74 31.93 27.14 10.94 4.35 0.60 0.15

nzr/iah 42.26 29.19 18.78 6.68 2.00 0.75 0.27

rfDs 39.78 30.31 19.02 7.40 2.25 0.82 0.33

;kfJz; 41.33 29.43 19.02 7.12 2.04 0.71 0.28

;wkfie 42.55 29.91 18.24 6.42 1.85 0.67 0.27

;kfJz;

;kXB L ;e{b f;fynk ftGkr, gzikp

;koDh 44 (J/): 10th iwks d/ ft;a/ nB[;ko rq/v tkJhia Bshi/ 2019^20 (gqsh;as)
J/+ J/ ph+ ph ;h+ ;h vh
ft;ak (91-100 (81-90%) (71-80%) (61- (51-60%) (41-50%) (1-40%)
%) 70%)
gzikph 57.75 20.57 17.16 2.91 1.41 0.14 0.07

nzrq/iah 46.05 28.41 17.10 5.96 1.73 0.55 0.19

fjzdh 45.76 29.77 16.97 5.48 1.42 0.46 0.14

rfDs 40.62 30.80 18.67 6.92 2.04 0.69 0.25

;kfJz; 41.21 30.09 18.90 6.98 1.95 0.66 0.21

;wkfie ;kfJz; 44.45 29.91 17.42 5.82 1.67 0.55 0.18

;kXB L ;e{b f;fynk ftGkr, gzikp

jkbKfe pkothA iwks d/ p'ov d/ BshfinK dh fgSb/ ;kbK Bkb s[bBk ehsh ik ;edh j? fit/A fe
;koDh^45 ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?.
332

;koDh 45: 12thA iwks d/ ft;a/ nB[;ko rq/v tkJhia Bshi/ 2019^20 (gqsh;as)

ft;k wkou 2018 wkou 2019 wkou 2020 tkXk/xkNk

iBob nzrq/aih 84.32 96.19 97.82 1.63

iBob gzikph 96.06 98.27 99.15 0.88

gzikph u"DthA 83.17 94.52 98.08 3.56

fFjzdh u"DthA 91.12 97.19 97.98 0.79

nzr/iah u'DthA 95.83 98.64 99.07 0.43

fJfsjk; 82.70 94.03 99.28 5.25

noE ;ak;aso 87.54 93.94 99.59 5.65

rfDs 75.75 93.80 99.84 6.04

f;nk;h ftfrnkB 80.50 90.65 99.47 8.82

;wki ;ak;aso 92.99 97.29 98.68 1.39

G{r'b 85.75 98.54 98.08 -0.46

;ohoe f;fynk ns/ y/vK 94.22 97.84 96.49 -1.35

G"fse ftfrnkB 71.26 88.75 96.04 7.29

o;kfJfDe ftfrnkB 69.43 93.19 95.66 2.47

Iht ftfrnkB 77.77 92.87 94.16 1.29

;kXB L ;e{b f;fynk ftGkr, gzikp

f;Zfynk dk YKuk
gzikp tX/o/ eoe/ ;e{b p[fBnkdh YKuk ;{ueK s/ u'Nh d/ gqdoPB eoB tkfbnk ftZu'A fJZe j?. (;koDh 46)
gzikp ftu fInkdkso ;e{bK (90 gqshPs s'A tZX) ftu w[ZYbhnK Io{osK fit/A fJwkos, ukodhtkoh, ghD
dk gkDh, fpibh ns/ y/v d/ w?dkB T[gbZpX jB. bZrGr ;ko/ ;e{bK sZe gjz[u gZehnK ;VeK okjhA n;kB
j?. gzikp B/ fJj oki ftu ;e{bK ftu nkX[fBe seBkb'ihnK fit/A ezfgT{No nkfd :ehBh pBkT[D ftZu
;abkxk:'r soZeh ehsh j?. oki d/ 75 gqsh;as ;e{bK ftu ezfgT{No jB id'A fe okPNoh gZXo s/ e/tb
29H57 gqshPs ezfgT{No jB.
 333

;koDh 46 L d{;o/ u'Dt/A okiK d/ Bkb^Bkb p[fBnkdh YKu/ Bkb ;pzXs ;{ueK s/ gzikp dh ekor[Ikoh
(2017^18)

jo w";w
;e{bK dh gqshP;sk fiBQK ftZu ;Ve gkDh dh
fJwkosK ukofdtkoh fpibh dh ;[ftXk y/v w?dkB ezfgT{No
ftZu d/ oKjh ;[ftXk
gjzu

gzikp 99H9 98H0 99H6 99H7 99H6 89H4 75H6

nkXok gqd/P 99H5 63H1 93H5 97H2 93H5 56H9 32H8
r[ioks 100H0 93H9 99H3 100H0 99H9 81H1 72H8
jfonkDk 99H7 97H7 97H9 99H9 99H2 86H2 50H1
e/obk 99H9 84H6 97H3 99H6 98H0 74H4 95H6
wjkokPNo 99H7 82H9 97H5 98H6 94H7 87H8 68H8
skfwbBkv{ 100H0 81H7 98H6 99H2 99H6 78H8 58H5
Gkos 98H8 65H4 86H9 95H8 67H6 62H1 29H6
;kXB L vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhH (2017^18)

G"fse p[fBnkdh YKu/ dh T[gbZpXsk f;ZyD ns/ ftek; gZyh wj"b f;oiD ftu ;jkfJsk eodh j?. gzikp B/
T[fus p[fBnkdh YKu/ dh T[gbZpXsk B{z :ehBh pDkT[D ftu wjZstg{oD soZeh ehsh j? fit/A ;koDh 47 ftZu
do;kfJnk frnk j?.fJ; s'A fJbktk 2017^18 sZe gzikp ftu gqsh bZy nkpkdh fgS/ 33 ekbi ;B fiBQK
ftu gqsh ekbi 576 n";s dkybk fojk.
;koDh 47 L gzikp ftu ftfdne ;z;EktK dh frDsh
2000 2010 2020
gqqkfJwoh / i{Bhno p/f;e ;e{b 13076 13950 13801
fwvb$;hBhno p/f;e ;e[b 2534 3792 5097
;hBhno ;ze?voh ;e{b 1189 NA 5135
:{Bhtof;Nh 5 6 16*
w?vheb ekbi 6 8 9*
jkJh$ g';N p/f;e ;e{b 2199 NA 4424
g'bhN/efBe ;z;EktK 20 86 163
seBheh fJzv;Nhohnb nkoN n?Av eokcN
119 112 337
;e{b
Nhuo Nq?fBzr ekbi 22 NA 186*
B'NL ( * do;kT[dk j? fe vkNk ;kb 2016 dk j?)
;kXB L ;e{b f;Zfynk ftGkr,gzikp ns/ noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp

;kb 2020 bJh gzikp ftu ftfdnkoEh nfXnkge nB[gks gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ 20L1 ns/ ngo gqkfJwoh
gZXo s/ 24L1 fojk fijVk fe sithi/ gZXoK (30L1) s'A tZX j?. f;fynk d/ ;?eNo ftu ;G s'A tZvk wB[Zyh
p[fBnkdh YKuk nfXnkge jB. ftfdnkoEh nfXnkge nB[gks (gh Nh nko) nekdfwe ;kb d"okB ;e{b
ftu gqsh nfXnkge ftfdnkoEhnK dh n";s frDsh dk wkg eodk j?. nko Nh Jh n?eN fBoXkos eodk
j? fe gh Nh nko gqkfJwoh ns/ ngo gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ eqwktko 30L1 ns/ 35L1 j'Dh ukjhdh j?. gzikp
ftu brGr 80 gqshPs gqkfJwoh ;e{bK ftu ghNhnko 30L1 s'A xZN j? id'A fe e/tb 5H4 gqshPs ;e{b dh
gh Nh nko 50 s'A tZX j?. ;ot Gkosh gZXo s/ 70 gqshPs gqkfJwoh ;e{b dh ghHNhHnkoH 30 s'A xZN j?
ns/ 11H4 gqshPs ;e{bK dh gh Nh nko 40 s'A tZX j?.
334
;e{bK dk gqdo;aB
f;¤yD T[¤s/ c'e; Bkb Bhsh nk:'r tb'A fte;s ehsk ;e{b f;Zfynk r[Dt¤sk fJµv?e;
(n?Z;HJhHfeT[HnkJhH) okiK ns/ e/Adoh^PkPs y/soK dh ;e{bh f;¤fynk ;?eNo ftu ekor[Ikoh dk w[bKeD
eodk j? . fJµv?e; dk we;d okiK ns/ e/Adoh^PkPs y/soK ƒ ;[Xko bJh nt;oK ns/ T[j y/so, fiBQK
ftu ;oekoh dybnµdkih dh b'V j?, dh PBkys bJh nt;o gqdkB eoBk j? . fJµv?e; ftu d' P/DhnK ns/
4 y/soK ftu Pq/Dhp¤X ehs/ 30 tZyo/ ;{ue
Pkwb jB L
fu¤so 95L SEQI ftZu gzikp ns/ Gkos dk ;e'o (2016^17)
Pq/Dh 1 LBshi/
100 o y/so 1 Lf;¤yD ;pµXh Bshi/
gzikp dk n?;HJhHfeT{HnkJh s/ 9tK o?Ae ekfJw
fojk. o y/so 2 Lgj[µu Bshi/
80
o y/so 3 Lp[fBnkdh YKuk ns/
60 BhfsfinK bJh ;j{bsK
o y/so 4 L fJeftNh Bshi/
40
Pq/Dh 2 L rto;?A; gqk;?f;; J/fvµr
20 nT{NewI
0 f;ybkJh s/ fXnkB e/Adqs eofdnK pZfunK
d/ m'; Bshi/ gqkgs eoB dh wjZssk Bz{
s/bzrkBk

T[sokyzv
Mkoyzv

izw{ ns/ ePwho

r[ioks
SZsh;rVQ

nk;kw

wjkokPNo

skfwbBkv{
oki;EkB

fXnkB ftZu oZyd/ j'J/ brGr 50# i'o

f;ZyD d/ Bshfink bJh fBoXkos fesk
frnk j?.

;kXBL n?;HJhHfeT{ nkJh 2019 gµikp B/ 2015^16 ns/ 2016^17 ftu

fJµv?e; T[¤s/ 9 tK doik ekfJw oZfynk j?
fiE/ fJ; d/ ;e'o eqwtko 50H74 ns/ 59H06 fojk. (fuZso^95) seohpB ;ko/ okiK ftu'A gµikp dh Pq/Dh 2
ftu ekor[Ikoh fJ; dh Pq/Dh 1 ftu ehsh ekor[Ikoh Bkb'A tX/o/ uµrh j?. 2015^16 ns/ 2016^17 ftueko
gµikp dk Pq/Dh 2 ftu doik fpjso j' e/ 14 s'A 10 j'fJnk id'A fe Pq/Dh 1 ftu fBxko nkfJnk i', 6t/A s/
7t/A doi/ s'A j/mk nk frnk .

f;Zfynk ;?eNo ftu t¤y t¤y ;oekoh gfjbedwhnK

;e{b f;Zfynk
;wkoN ;e{b
;e{bh f;~fynk ƒ wIp{s eoB ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK d/ f;~yD g~Xo ƒ ;[XkoB bJh ;e{b f;~fynk ftGkr
gzikp ;oekoh ;e{bK ƒ nkJhH;hHNh nXkos f;~fynk d/ IohJ/ ;wkoN ;e{b ftu spdhb eo fojk j?.
fJBQK ;e{bK ƒ wkvb ;e{b ti'A fte;s ehsk frnk j? fi; ft~u fwnkoh f;~fynk ƒ gqGkts eoB bJh
T[u fwnkoh ;j{bsK gqdkB ehshnK iKdhnK jB. fwsh 25H10H2019 ƒ ftGkr d[nkok ;wkoN ;e{b Bhsh
ƒ ;{fus ehsk frnk j?. Bhsh dhnK w[~y ftP/PsktK fJj jBL
(i) ;e{b ftek; :'iBkL ;e{bK ftZu ;e{b ftek; :'iBk pBkT[D bJh ;e{b ftek; ew/Nh (n?;HvhH;hH)
rfms ehsh rJh j? fi; ft~u ;gPN s"o s/ ;e{b ƒ ;wkoN ;e{b ti'A spdhb eoB bJh b'VhAd/ czvK dk
nB[wkB fdykfJnk frnk.
 335

(ii) ;KMkeoB g?NoB (60L40)L ;wkoN ;e{b fte;s eoB bJh czvK dhnK Io{osK ;pzXs ;e{b ns/ oki
d[nkok 60L40 d/ nB[gks ft~u g{ohnK j[zdhnK jB.;wkoN ;e{b ti'A fte;s eoB bJh e[~b b'VhAd/ czvK
ftu'A 60# :'rdkB gkT[D dk tkndk ;e{b eodk j? ns/ 40# pekfJnk ftGkr d[nkok gqdkB ehsk iKdk
j?.
(iii) ;e{b gqpzXB ew/NhL ;e{b gqpzXe ew/Nh d/ p?Ae yks/ ft~u ;e{b czv gqdkB ehs/ iKd/ jB i' ;e{b d/
w[yh ns/ ;e{b gqpzXB ew/Nh d/ u/now?B d[nkok ;KM/ s"o s/ ubkJ/ iKd/ jB. fJ; ;ehw nXhB czvK dk
spkdbk nkB bkJhB Yzr okjhA ehsk iKdk j?. ;e{b gqpzXB ew/Nh d/ p?Ae yks/ d/ t/ot/ dkBhnK ƒ czvK d/
nkB bkJhB NqK;co bJh :'r eoB bJh ;e{b dh t?p;kJhN s/ T[gbpX eotkJ/ iKd/ jB.
(iv) ;wkoN ;e{b bJh wkgdzvL ;wkoN ;e{b ftu j/m fd~s/ g?okwhNo jBL ;wkoN ebk;o{w, ozrdko
e'nkovhB/Nv fpbfvzr;, fpbfvzr n?i bofBzr J/v (phJ/n?bJ/) toe, ;h;hNhth e?wo/, rqhB p'ov$fu~Nk
p'ov, ;ko/ ftfdnkoEhnK ns/ nfXnkgeK bJh coBhuo, b?euo, ghD :'r gkDh dh ;[ftXk dh
T[gbpXsk, e[VhnK bJh ekoiPhb gykfBnK dh t~yoh frDsh ns/ uzrh soQK b?; ftfrnkB gq:'rPkbktK,
fe~sk w[yh gq:'rPkbktK, nkJh;hNh gq:'rPkbktK nkfd.
fJ; bJh 19107 ftu'A 7842 ;e{bK ƒ oki d/ czvK Bkb ;wkoN ;e{b ftu spdhb eo fd~sk frnk j?.

nµro/Ih ps"o gVkU dk wkfXnw

nµro/Ih GkPk dh e[Pbsk ƒ fpjso eoB ns/ ftPtg¤Xo ftek;K d/ nB[e{b ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ i'VB d/
we;d Bkb 15000 s'A tX gqkfJwoh, fwvb, jkJh ns/ ;hBhno ;?eµvoh ;oekoh ;e{b ftu nµro/Ih
wkfXnw d/ ftebg ƒ bkr{ ehsk frnk . w"i{dk ;w/A brGr 3H72 bZy ftfdnkoEhnK B/ fJBQK ;e{b ftu
nµro/Ih wkfXnw dh u'D ehsh j? .

jo fJZe fJZe fbnkJ/ w[fjzw

gzikp wkfgnK ƒ nkgD/ p~funK ƒ ;oekoh ;e{bK ftu dkybk eokT[D bJh gq/fos eoB bJh ftP/P dkybk
nfGnkB ubk fojk j?. w"i{dk ;kb ftu gqh-gqkfJwoh s'A ;hBhno ;?ezvoh g~Xo se dkyb/ ftu 14H9# dk
tkXk j'fJnk j?. fJj nkgD/ nkg ftu fJe ;kb d/ dkyb/ ftu foekov tkXk j?.

gqh^gqkfJwoh ;e{fbµr dk nkoµG

gµikp oki B/ 14 Btµpo, 2017 s'A ;ko/ ;oekoh gqkfJwoh ;e{bK ftu 3^6 ;kb dh T[wo d/
ftfdnkoEhnK bJh gqh^gqkfJwoh ebk;K nkozG ehshnK jB. brGr 3H30 bZy ftfdnkoEh B/ ;?PB
2020^21 ftu gqh^gqkfJwoh ;?PB ftu ;e{bK ftu dkybk fbnk j?. pkb^fjs?Ph ;w¤roh fit/Afe ejkDhnK
dhnK feskpK, ;N'oh ekov, cb?P ekov nkfd fsnko ehs/ ns/ ;ko/ ;e{bK ƒ fd¤s/ rJ/ jB.fJb?eNqkfBe
;wZroh (Jh^eBN?AN) ƒ fBoXkos gkmeqw nB[;ko gVQkJh ns/ f;¤yD gqsh fdbu;gh ƒ j'o tXkT[D bJh
fsnko ehsk frnk j?. ;ko/ oki ftu pbke g¤Xo s/ gqh^gqkfJwoh nfXnkgeK ns/ ;e{b jZ?v NhuoK bJh
f;ybkJh dk nk:'iB ehsk frnk sK i' T[BQK ƒ gqh^gqkfJwoh gkmeqw Bkb ;pµXs ;wZroh ns/ j'o ;wZ[uh
ikDekoh fdsh ik ;e/ .gqh^gqkfJwoh ;e{fbzr ƒ wIp{s eoB bJh t~y t~y fe;wK dhnK g{oe ;w~roh
ns/ rqKNK ;e{bK ƒ G/ihnK rJhnK jB. ;kb 2020^21 ftu gqh-gqkfJwoh ebk;K bJh j/m fbyhnK rqKNK
tzvhnK rJhnK jBL
• f;js ns/ ;ckJh nfGnk; gqsh rqKN @ 12000$^ gqsh ;e{b
• t~y t~y rshftXhnK$ ftfdnkoEhnK ft~u p'X :'rsktK d/ ftek; bJh ;wZroh @ 29000$^ gqsh
;e{b
• gqh-^gqkfJwoh nfXnkgeK bJh Nhn?bn?w rqKN @ 2500$^ gqsh ;e{b.
• ;kJhe'-w'No j[BoK d/ ftek; bJh rqKN @220$^ gqsh ;e{b
336

;oj¤dh y/soK bJh tZyok ekvo

fit/A fe gµikp ftu t/fynk frnk j? fe gSV/ y/soK ftu nfXnkgeK dhnK eJh n;kwhnK nkw eoe/
ykbh ofjµdhnK jB Gkt/A ;oeko B/ nfij/ y/soK ftu soihj d/ nXko s/ n;kwhnK GoB dh e'fPP ehsh
j? go fco th eJh nfXnkge e[M ;w/A pknd t¤y t¤y ekoBK eoe/ nkb/^d[nkb/ d/ j'o fte;s y/soK
ftu ngDh woIh d/ ;N/PB s/ pdbh eotk b?Ad/ jB. gµikp oki B/ ;oj¤dh y/soK ftu nfXnkgeK dh
ewh ƒ d{o eoB bJh ;oj¤dh y/soK bJh nfXnkgeK d/ tyo/ ekvo ƒ pDkfJnk j?. fJBQK fIfbQnK ftu
fJe tko s?Bks ehs/ nfXnkge fco e/tb T[BQK fIfbnK ftu jh ofjDr/ . jkb jh ftu ;e{b f;fynk
ftGkr B/ 3582 wk;No ekvo nfXnkgeK dh Gosh ehsh j? ns/ T[BQK ftu'A fInkdkso ƒ nµfwqs;o,
r[odk;g[o, fco'Ig[o, ckfIbek, soBskoB ns/ gmkBe'N fIfbnK ftu s?Bks ehsk j? .

;e{b gqPk;B bJh ftP/P ekvo dh f;oiBk

fJj ;gPN j? fe e[M ;e{bK dh ekor[Ikoh ƒ d{i/ ;e{bK Bkb'A fJ; bJh fpjso j[µdh j? fe T[BQK
;e{bK d/ fgq;hAgb iK j?vwk;No dh nrtkJh ;jh j[µdh j? . ftGkr B/ fwsh 7^6^2018 dh nfX;{uBk okjh
fBt/ebk ftfdne gqPk;e ekvo (n?e;eb{fIt ekvo nk| n?i{e/PB n?AvfwB;Nq/No) nfX;{fus ehsk j?.
;hBhno g¤Xo d/ nc;o dh f;Xh Gosh bJh T[gpµX ehsk frnk j? . 154 fgq;hAgbK, 672 j?vwk;NoK,
38 phHghHJhHU , 375 ;?ANo j?Zv Nhuo (;hH n?uHNh) ns/ 1558 jZ?v Nhuo (n?uH Nh) dhnK 2797
n;kwhnK bJh Gosh w[ezwb eo bJh rJh j? . fgq;hgbK, j?Zvwk;NoK ns/ phHghHJhHU bJh Gosh ghH ghH
n?Z;H ;h tb'A ns/ ;hH n?uH Nh ns/ w?uNh bJh ftGkr \[d Gosh eodk j? .

gV' gµikp, gVkU gµikp

ftfdnkoEhnK d/ n;zs'yiBe f;¤yD d/ g¤XoK, \k; eoe/ ;e{bh gVQkJh d/ gqkfJwoh g¤Xo, ƒ
rµGhosk Bkb b?Ad/ j'J/ gµikp oki B/ oki dk t¤vh f;Zfynk w[fjzw (bofBµr n?BjK;w?AN) gq'rokw ‘gV' gµikp
gVkU gµikp* (ghHghHghHghH) ;kb 2017 ftu ;ko/ ;oekoh ;e{bK ftu gfjbh s' n¤mthA iwks bJh noµG
ehsk j? sK i' ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ T[BQK dh T[fus T[wo ns/ P/Dh d/ fj;kp Bkb ;wK pZX Yµr Bkb f;ykfJnk
ik ;e/. fJj gq'rkokw j'Djko ftfdnkoEhnK dh f;oiDkswesk ƒ tXkT[D s/ fXnkB e/Ados eodk j? ns/
T[BQK dhnK ;woZEktK ƒ j'o wIp{s pDkT[D s/ I'o fdµdk j?. fJj p¤funK ƒ f;ykT[D bJh XkoBktK ƒ
;wMD T[s/ I'o fdµdk j? Bk fe f;oc f;ykT[D s/. fJ; gq'rokw sfjs ftfdnkoEhnK dh f;yD Pesh dk
w[bKeD ehsk iKdk j? ns/ T[BQK d/ f;ZyD d/ gZXo d/ fj;kp Bkb tyo/ ro[¤g ftu oZfynk iKdk j?.
nfXnkgeK ƒ rshftXh nXkos nfXnkgB f;ZyD seBheK dh tos'A eoB dh f;ybkJh fd¤sh rJh j? sK i'
ftfdnkoEhnK d/ f;¤yD d/ g¤Xo ƒ tXkfJnk ik ;e/ ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ ;wK^p¤X Yµr Bkb f;¤yD d/
nrb/o/ gZXo s¤e fbikfJnk ik ;e/. fJj pj[s jh y[Ph tkbh rb j? fe ftfdnkoEhnK d/ f;¤yD d/ g¤Xo
ftu f;Zfynk tkXk (bofBµr fJBjK;w?AN) gq'rokw ghghghgh okjhA fpjso j'D/ P[o{ j' rJ/ jB fit/A fe T[g
Gkr f;Zfynk Bshi/ (bofBµr nkT[New) ftu uouk ehsh rJh ;h .
fJ; gq'rokw ƒ e'ftv^19 d"okB ikoh o~yD bJh, ;ko/ ftfPnK d/ nfXnkgeK dh wjKwkoh ;w/A dh ;woZEk
T[;koh, fJ; r~b Bkb ehsh rJh j? fe fet/A gqGktPkbh nfXnkgB f;ybkJh bJh nkJhHNhH ;zdK dh tos'A
ehsh ikt/. gzikp n?i{e/no n?g ƒ gfjbh s'A pkoQthA iwks d/ ;ko/ ftfPnK bJh gVQkJh ;w~roh d/ Gzvko
ti'A fte;s ehsk frnk j?. Jh^ftfdnk ns/ vhHvh^1 d[nkok brksko 11 xzN/ nkBbkJhB f;ybkJh fd~sh
ik ojh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, jo p~u/ dh nkBbkJhB No?fezr, w[bKeD ns/ fBrokBh fB:fws Yzr Bkb
ehsh ik ojh j?. d' wjhfBnK d/ nzsokb s'A pknd fB:fws s"o s/ wkfgnK$nfXnkge whfNzrK dk nk:'iB
ehsk frnk j?.

fwPB ;afs gqfsPs

fit/A fe gfjbK ftukfonk frnk j?, oki d/ cb?rfPg bofBzr n?BjK;w?AN gq'rokw ‘gV' gzikp gVQkU gzikp’
(ghghghgh) dh P[o{nks ebk; gfjbh s'A 12 thA iwks s~e d/ ;ko/ ;oekoh ;e{bK ft~u ehsh rJh j? sK i'
ftfdnkoEhnK dh T[wo ns/ ebk; d/ T[~fus g~Xo dh f;ybkJh ;w/A nB[;ko ehsh ik ;e/. bofBzr
fJBjK;w?AN gq'rokw ghghghgh d[nkok ftfdnkoEhnK d/ f;~yD d/ g~Xo ft~u ;[Xko j'Dk P[o{ j'fJnk j?.
J/n?~;Jhnko dh fog'oN B/ gzikp d/ ftfdnkoEhnK d/ f;~yD g~Xo ft~u wj~stg{oB ;[Xko do;kfJnk j?.
 337

;kb 2019^20 ftZu pkothA iwks d/ p'ov d/ Bshi/ ;kb 2018^19 d/ w[ekpb/ 88H36# s'A 96H95# j' rJ/
jBl fJ; soQK, fszB ;kbK d/ no;/ d"okB 28# s'A t~X dk ;[Xko doi ehsk frnk.

t?bew bkJhc
;e{bK ftu p~funK dh nekdfwe f;ybkJh s/ fXnkB e/Ados eoB s'A fJbktk, gzikp oki B/ ;e{bh
p~funK ƒ BfPnK d/ wkV/ gqGktK pko/ ikro{e eoB, ns/ fiB;h P'PD dhnK xNBktK s'A pukn o~yD tor/
eJh gq'rokwK dh P[o{nks ehsh j?. ;e{b gkmeqw ft~u ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ wB[~yh nfXekoK, fbzr pokposk,
PKsh ns/ nfjz;k d/ ;fGnkuko ƒ T[sPkjs eoB, ftPtftnkgh Bkrfoesk ns/ Gkos d/ nzdo ns/
ftPtftnkgh g~Xo ‘s/ ;fGnkukoe tzB^;[tzBsk gqsh ;zt/dB;ahb pBkT[Dk ;akwb jB. ejkDhnK,
;ekoswe rshftXhnK, wB' BeP/, ;fEsh nXkos gqPB fe B?fsesk, ;ekokswe ot~Jhnk, fbzr ;wkBsk
nkfd dhnK w{b ehwsK B{z T[s;kfjs eod/ jB, dh gfjbh s'A 12thA iwks s~e dk BtK ftPk “;tkrs
fizadrh” ftZu g/P ehsk frnk j?.
ftGkr d/ eµw^eki ftu Jh^rtoB?A;
ftGkr ftZu Jh^rtoB?A; B{z fte;s eoB bJh ft;a/;a :sB ehs/ iKd/ jB. nfXnkgeK dh ;/tk^;pµXs
wkwfbnK ƒ fpBk fe;/ d/oh s'A gkodoPh Yµr Bkb S/sh g{ok eoB bJh ftGkr B/ Jh^rtoB?A; dh gqfenk
dk noµG ehsk j? fi; ftu ekri okjhA fpB? d/D ns/ ftneshrs s"o s/ d|so ftu ikD dh b'V BjhA.
;kok vkNk ;pµXs ;e{bK, ftfdnkoEhnK ns/ nfXnkgeK ƒ eµfgT[No ftu doi ehsk iKdk j? ns/
Jh^gµikp g'oNb T[¤s/ ftGkr dh t?p;kJhN s/ ngb'v ehsk iKdk j? . j?Zve[nkoNo ns/ fIfbQnK fty/ ;ko/
n|;oK ƒ ftP/P jdkfJsK fd¤shnK rJhnK jB fe ;e{bK s'A e'Jh ikDekoh Bk wµrh ikt/ i/eo T[j g'oNb
s/ gfjbK jh w"i{d j?. nfXnkgeK d/ eJh ;oft; wkwb/ fit/A T[BQK dhnK S[¤NhnK, NqK;co ns/ fPekfJs
fBgNkok nk¤B bkJhB ehsk iKdk j? .

nkJhHNhH dyb nzdkihnK ns/ ehshnK rJhnK Jh^rtoB?A; gfjbedwhnK

1H nk¤BbkJhB ;e{b w?B/iw?AN f;;Nw “Jh gµikp ;e{b”
2H Jh^nkfc; L vkfJoh$vke ns/ ckJhb rshftXhnK ƒ Nq?e eoB bJh .
3H ;e{bK dk ih nkJh n?¤; w?fgµr L ;ko/ ;e{bK d/ ih nkJh n?Z; e'nkovhe/N; ƒ fJeZmk ehsk frnk
ns/ nkBbkJhB f;;Nw T[¤s/ w?fgµr eo fd¤sh rJh j? .
4H g'oNbK dk J/eheoDl ;e{b f;Zfynk ftGkr d/ ;ko/ g'oNbK ns/ t?p;kJhNK B{z fJefjo/ g'oNb ftu
fJeZmk ehsk frnk j?.
5H w'pkfJb n?gbhe/PB;e{b bk¤r fJB, ;Nkc bk¤rfJB, w'pkJhb pkfJUw?Nfoe jkIoh f;;Nw, wkJh
nkfc;, n?wvh n?w fBrokBh .
6H gµikp d/ 1000 ;e{bK ftu gfjb d/ nXko s/ pkfJUw?Nfoe jkIoh f;;Nw bkr{ ehsk frnk j?. piN
sfjs 5H63 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew dh gqtkBrh fd¤sh rJh j?. fJj ;kb 2019^20 ftu oki d/ ;ko/
;e{bK ftu noµG ehsk ikt/rk .
7H fgSb/ fJe ;kb d"okB eJh soQK d/ ;k¤cNt/no nkoµG ehs/ rJ/ jB .

;e{bK dh doikpµdh
;e{bK ftueko ;eokswe w[ekpbk tXkT[D bJh gµikp d/ ;e{b f;Zfynk ftGkr B/ ;ko/ ;hBhno
;?eµvoh ns/ jkJh ;e{bK dh doikpµdh ehsh. ;e{bK dh doikpµdh dk wkgdµv fit/A ftfdnkoEhnK d/
;kbkBk Bshi/ l ;e{b dk p[fBnkdh YKukl ;fjgkmeqw rshftXhnKL ftfdnkoEhnK dh jkIohl ;e{b ftu
n?w n?w ;h ns/ iBsk dh Gkrhdkoh nkfd d/ nXko s/ ehsh ik ojh j?. nfXnkgeK ftueko fJ; B{z
tXhnk jz[rkok fwfbnk j? ns/ ftGkr dh fJ; gfjbedwh B/ ;e{bK ftueko fJe ;kekoswe w[ekpb/ dh
GktBk g?dk ehsh j?. ftGkr B/ pbke, fIbQk ns/ oki ftu ;ot'sw ;e{b dh th PBkys ehsh j?. ;e{b dh
doikpµdh dh gkfb;h www.ssapunjab.org s/ T[gb¤pX j?. ;e{bK dh doikpµdh d/ wkgdµv jB L^
338

;koDh 48 L ;e{bK dh doikpµdh bJh g?okwhNo

bVh Bz g?okwhNo Bzpo

1 ftfdnkoEhnK d/ ;bkBk Bshi/ 50

2 ;e{bK dk p[fBnkdh YKuk 20
3 ;fjgkmh fefonktK 15
4 ftfdnkoEhnK dh jkIoh 10
5 n?;Hn?wH;h dh b'eK bJh ;w{bhns 5

;wZrok f;~fynk nfGnkB

;wZrok f;~fynk nfGnkB dh :'iBk gqh-gqkfJwoh s'A ;hBhno ;?ezvoh g~Xo s~e bkr{ ehsh ik ojh j?.
fJ; :'iBk dk T[d/P 100# ;e{b dh gj[zu, 4^18 ;kb T[wo tkb/ ;w{j p~funK dk 100# dkybk, 100#
B{z oZyDk, Iho' vokgnkT[N, e[nkbNh dh f;~fynk ns/ ftfdnk d/ tXhnK Bshi/ jB. :'iBk dk czv ;KMk
eoB dk g?NoB eqwtko 60L40 ti/ e/Adoh ns/ oki bJh j?. ;kb 2020^21 d"okB fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs,
;oeko d[nkok 1294H42 eo'V WgJ/ dh wBI{oh fd~sh rJh j?.wBI{oP[dk piN dh tos'A j/m fbyhnK t~y
t~y rshftXhnK bJh ehsh ik ojh j?L
• ;oekoh gqkfJwoh, fwvb, jkJh ns/ ;hBhno ;?ezvoh ;e{bK ftu 3800 ;wkoN ebk;o{w ;Ekgs
ehs/ ik oj/ jB
• ;e{b s'A pkjob/ p~funK dh fB:ws ;e{bK ftu gqt/P eoB bJh 7^14 ;kb dh T[wo d/ gSkD/ rJ/
2593 ;e{b s'A pkjo tkb/ p~funK (UUn?;;h) ƒ ftP/P f;ybkJh fd~sh ik ojh j?.
• ;oekoh ns/ ;oekoh ;jkfJsk gqkgs ;e{bK ftu gfjbh s'A n~mthA iwks d/ r?o nB[;{fus
ikshnK d/ ftfdnkoEhnK bJh w[cs gkm g[;seK.
• ftP/P b'VK tkb/ brGr 67716 p~funK ƒ xo nXkos f;~fynk gqdkB ehsh ik ojh j?.
• 955 ;oekoh ;hBhno ;?ezvoh ;e{b ftu fe~skw[yh f;~fynk fd~sh ik ojh j?.

rqhB p'ov ns/ coBhuo vqkJht

gqkfJwoh ;e{bK ftu 24145 rqhB p'ov ns/ 41000 fvT{b v?;e gqdkB ehs/ rJ/ jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk
ftGkr B/ gqh-gqkfJwoh ftfdnkoEhnK bJh ;e{bK ƒ 14010 N/pb ns/ 70050 e[o;hnK th gqdkB ehshnK
jB. fJ; ft~sh ;kb d/ nzs s~e ;ko/ gqkfJwoh ;e{bK ftu coBhuo w[j~Jhnk eotkJ/ ikDr/. ftGkr B/
;e{bK ftu coBhuo ƒ soe;zrs pDkT[D bJh w[fjzw th P[o{ ehsh j?.

ftP/P b'VK tkb/ p~u/

;kb 2019^20 ftu, ftP/P b'VK tkb/ 70219 p~funK ƒ xo nXkos f;~fynk, ;o's ewo/ dh ;jkfJsk,
fJbki ns/ ;oiheb ;[Xko torhnK eJh ;j{bsK gqdkB ehshnK rJhnK ;B. ;kb 2020^21 d"okB
ftP/P io{osK tkb/ 67716 p~funK ƒ xo/b{ nXkos f;~fynk fd~sh ik ojh j?.

fwv^v/n^whb
ft~sh ;kb 2019^20 d"okB fwv^v/n whb 13H81 b~y ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ 265H49 eo'V WgJ/ dh ;jkfJsk
Bkb w[j~Jhnk eotkJh rJh j?. ;kb 2020^21 ftu, 16H95 b~y ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ f;~X/ s"o 's/ T[BQK d/
dotkI/' s/ nBki w[j~Jhnk eotkfJnk frnk j? ns/ ykDk gekT[D dh bkrs 31H12H2020 s~e 273H75
eo'V WgJ/ d/ you/ Bkb T[BQK d/ p?Ae ykfsnK ftu iwQk ehsh rJh j?.
 339

fe~skw[yh f;~fynk
;kb 2019^20 ftu 955 ;hBhno ;?ezvoh ;e{b d/ ;oekoh ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ fe~skw[yh f;~fynk gqdkB
ehsh rJh. fJBQK 955 ;e{bK ft~u fe~skw[yh f;~fynk ikoh j?. ;kb 2020^21 d"okB th fJ; gq'rokw
sfjs y/shpkVh, tkjB (nkN' w'pkfJb), ;[zdosk ns/ szdW;sh, f;js ;zGkb, nkJhNh$nkJhNhJhn?;,
;ohoe f;~fynk, gqu{B (foN/b), ;[o~fynk ns/ :ksok ns/ ;?o^;gkNk tor/ Nq/v f;ykJ/ ik oj/ jB.
fdjksh fJbkfenK ftu ngkji ftfdnkoEDK ƒ jkIoh tIhck
e[VhnK, ft;a/;a s"o s/ ngkjiK e[VhnK B{z ft;a/;a fXnkB d/D dh iao{os j?. g/Av{ y/soK ftZu ngkji
bVehnK dh ;fEsh B{z T[uk u[ZeD ns/ T[BQK B{z ;t?^fBoGo pBkT[D bJh, g/Av{ y/soK ftZu T[BQK bJh jkiaoh
tiahca/ d/ o{g ftZu todh ns/ feskpK nkfd dh nzfa;e ehws d/ s"o s/ gq's;kjB T[d'A sZe gqdkB ehs/ ik
;ed/ jB id'A sZe T[j gVQBk ukj[zdhnK jB.
ftZsh ;kb 2019^20 bJh 58H00 bZy o[gJ/ dk pZiN T[gpzX ehsk frnk, fi; ftu'A 2260 bkGgksohnK
bJh 52H02 bZy o[gJ/ you ehs/ rJ/ ;B. ;kb 2020^21 bJh 174H00 bZy o[gJ/ dk pZiN T[gpzX eoB dh
sithi j?.

e'ftv^19 wjkAwkoh d/ ;w/A d"okB ftfdnkoEhnkA Bz{ nBbkJhB f;Zfynk gqdkB eoB bJh ftGkr
d[[nkok u~[e/ rJ/ T[gokb/L
e'ftv^19 wjKwkoh B{z o'eD bJh gzikp ftZu wkou 2020 d/ nyhob/ j|s/ ft~u ;e{bK B{z pzd eoB dk
n?bkB ehsk frnk fi; d/ ubfdnK gzikp ;oeko tb'A ;e{b pzd j'D d/ gqGkt ƒ xNkT[D bJh eJh
T[gokb/ ehs/ rJ/. fow'N Nhfuzr (d{o s'A gVQkJh eotkT[Dk) ns/ f;ybkJh d/ t~y t~y YzrK d[nkok p~funK
dh f;~fynk d/ ikoh oZyD bJh eJh T[gokb/ ehs/ ik oj/ jB. gzikp oki, i' fe gfjbK jh oki d/ ;e{bK
ftu fvihNb f;~fynk bJh pj[s ;kohnK gfjbedwhnK eo fojk j?, s[ozs jh nkgD/ nfXnkgeK ƒ d{o'A
p~funK ƒ f;ykT[D bJh t~y t~y T[gbpX YzrK dh tos'A eoB ftu ;jkfJsk eodk nk fojk j?.
y[Pfe;wsh Bkb, Jh^;wroh brGr ;kohnK ebk;K ns/ brGr ;ko/ ftfPnK bJh gfjbK s'A fsnko ehsh
rJh ;h ns/ n?v;?N (Edust) d[nkok gq;kfos ehsk ik fojk ;h. nfXnkgeK, nfXekohnK ns/ e[M
n?BHihHUI dh ;jkfJsk Bkb ni'e/ jkbksK ftu'A bzxD bJh f;~fynk d/ y/so ftu eJh gfjbedwhnK
ehshnK rJhnK jB. Jh^;e{fbzr bJh ;e{b f;~fynk ftGkr d[nkok u[~e/ rJ/ e[M gqw[~y T[~dw jB L
w'pkJhb n?g (noEks fJ;e[J/bk boB n?Av gV' gzikp gVkU gzikp), t~y^t~y wkfXnw fit/A fe :{ fNT{p
u?Bb (n?v';?N gzikp), vhNhn?u$e/pb Nhth u?Bb ns/ o/vhU, Jh^feskpK ƒ ngb'v eoBk, nkBbkJhB
dkyb/ dh P[o{nks, tou[nb wkv/ nfXnkge Nhuo whfNzrK dk nk:'iB, gzikp nuhtw?AN ;ot/yD
(ghJ/n?;) eotkT[Dk ns/ nfXnkgeK B{z nkBbkJhB f;ybkJh d/Dk j?.
e'ftv ^19 u[[D"shnkA ns/ Gfty Mks L
jkbkAfe ;e{b f;Zfynk ftGkr nfXnkgB^f;ybkJh gqfefonk Bz{ ikoh oZyD bJh g{oh e'f;a;a eo fojk j?
go nfijhnkA pj[[s ;kohnkA u[[D"shnkA jB fiBQK dk ftGkr fJ; w[[;aeb ;w/A ftZu'A bzxD bJh ;kjwDk eo
fojk j?, fJjBK s'A fJbktk f;ZyD d/ gkVktkA ftZu gkVk, yk; s"o s/' fvihNb^:zso tkb/ pZu/ ns/ fpBQK
fvihNb^:zso tkb/ pZfunkA d/ ftueko.
nkw u[[D"shnkA
ftGkr fijVh w~[y u[[D"sh dk ;kjwDk eo fojk j?, T[j j? nBbkJhB f;Zfynk dh ;j{bs b?D bJh ;ko/
pZfunkA dh fvihNb fvtkJh;kA ns/ vkNk g?e se gjz[u dh xkNH jkbkAfe gzikp ;oeko B/ gfjbkA jh T[Zu
ebk;kA d/ ftfdnkoEhnkA Bz{ ;wkoN c'B w[[jZJhnk eotkT[D dh gqfefonk nozG fdZsh j? go fJj gqpzX ;ko/
ftfdnkoEhnkA bJh ehs/ ikD dh b'V j?.
Gfty Mks
e'ftv^19 wjkAwkoh i' wkou 2020 ftu ;a[o{ j'Jh ;h ns/ ni/ th fJ; nfB;afussk Bkb ikoh j? fe
;fEsh Bz{ nkw pDkT[D ftu fezBk ;wkA bZr/rk. fJj ;w/A dh b'V j? fe n;hA nkgD/ ;e{b gqDkbh Bz{ wiap{s
eohJ/ skA i' fJ; Bz{ nfijhnkA ;fEshnkA gqsh itkpd/j pDkfJnk ik ;e/H yk;eo nkB bkJhB f;Zfynk
340
ns/ w[[bkAeD gqDkbh bJh ;e{bkA d/ p[[fBnkdh YKu/ Bz{ wiap{s eoe/ fJ;/ soK, f;js dhnkA ;ktXkBhnkA fit/A
fe wk;e gfjBDk, ;?BhNkJhia/;aB, ;wkie d{ohnkA nkfd ;e{b f;Zfynk gqDkbh dhnkA fB:ws ft;a/;asktkA
j'D dh iao{os j?, fiBQK B{z nfXnkgeK, ftfdnkoEhnK, wkfgnK ns/ j'o fjZ;/dkoK bJh b'VhAd/ p[fBnkdh
YKu/ s/ ;zt/dB;ahb eoB tkb/ gq'rokwK dh g{oh wZdd fwb/.

T[u/oh f;¤fynk$jkfJo n?i{e/PB

okPNoh: T[¤uso fPePk nfGnkB (nko :{ n?Z; J/)

1H okPNoh T[uso f;~fynk nfGnkB (W;k) i' fe 60L40 Gkos ;oeko ns/ gzikp ;oeko dh ;N/N P/no
;ehw j?, d/ c/ia 2 sfjs r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh, nzfwqs;o tb'A 70 eo'V dh bkrs Bkb j/m fd~s/
e/Ado ;Ekgs ehs/ ik oj/ jBL^
1) ;fEo fojkfJ;a bJh ;?ANo
2) f;js ftfrnkB ftu wZ[Ybh ns/ nB[tkde y'i bJh e/Ado
3) y/shpkVh dh y'i ns/ BthBsk bJh e/Ado
4) nfXnkgB ns/ f;ybkJh bJh nkJh Nh :'r ftfdne wkvbK dk ftek;
5) T[~dw e'o;K dk ftek;
6) T[~dw ns/ BthBsk bJh e/Ado

2H W;k^2 d/ n?ANogq?BfonofPg, fJB't/PB ns/ e[nkfbNh fJzgo{tw?AN jZp ;Ekgs eoB bJh gzikph
:{Bhtof;Nh gfNnkbk ƒ 7H5 eo'V dh okPh ikoh ehsh rJh j?. :{Bhtof;Nh ƒ e?Ag; ft~u p[fBnkdh YKu/
d/ ;[Xko bJh 5 eo'V WgJ/ j'o th ikoh ehs/ rJ/ jB.
3H r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh nzfwqs;o ns/ gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk fty/ T[dwsk e/Ado ;Ekfgs
ehs/ ik oj/ i' fe BthBskekoh ftukoK, :{Bhtof;NhnK ftZu tZy tZy y/soK y/soK ft~u j'Jh fo;ou ns/
seBkb'ih B{z iwhBh sb s/ spkdb/ ns/ T[~dwekohnK dh wZdd bJh ;KM/ e/Ado d/ s"o s/ ezw eoBr/.
4H r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh, nzfwqs;o c?ebNh ftek; gq'rokw sfjs 3H5 eo'V o[gJ/ ikoh ehs/ rJ/
jB. fJ; nXhB :{Bhtof;Nh tb'A c?ebNh ftek; gq'rokw eotkJ/ ikDr/ ns/ Jh^fNN'fonb; dk ezN?AN
pDkfJnk ik/stkr.
5H cfsjrVQ e'o'NkDk, fiabk w'rk ftZu o{;k nXhB T[;ko/ ik oj/ Bt/A wkvb fvroh ekbi dk ezw 75#
w[ezwb j' u[Zek j? ns/ nekdfwe to/Q 2021^22 s'A fJ; ekbi ftZu ebk;k P[o{ j' ikDrhnK.
seBheh f;Zfynk
oki ftu seBheh f;~fynk dh r[Dt~sk ftu ;[Xko d/ T[d/P Bkb nkJhnkJhNh o'gV ƒ r[odk;g[o ns/
fco'Ig[o fJzihBhnfozr ekbiK, ;oekoh nkJhHNhHnkJh. o'gV ns/ ;oekoh g'bhN?efBe y{Bh wkiok dk
nekdfwe ;bkjeko pDB bJh gq/fonk. fJ; ;pzX ftu nkJhnkJhNh o'gV Bkb ;wM"sk ehsk frnk .
w[¤y wµsoh tIhck ;ehw
w[~y wzsoh ;ekbofPg ;ehw ;oekoh pj[seBheh ekbi ft~u bkr{ ehsh rJh j? fi; ftu j'Djko
ftfdnkoEhnK dh ekor[Ikoh d/ nkXko s/ T[BQK dh fNT{PB ch; s/ 70# s'A 100# dh S'N fd~sh iKdh j?.
;w/A Bkb ;oekoh ekbiK ft~u fJ; ;ehw ƒ uzrk j[zrkok fwfbnk ns/ w"i{dk ;?PB d"okB dkybk tX e/
87# j' frnk j? .
vkL phHnkoH nzp/deo fJzvhnB fJz;NhfuT{N nkca w?B/iw?AN dh ;EkgBk
nkJhHe/HihHghHNhH:{ eg{oEbk fty/ vkL phHnko nzp/deo fJz;NhfuT{N nkc w?B/iw?AN i' fe ok;aNoh gZXo
dk j't/rk y'fbnk ik fojk j?. fi; dk wzst ;z;Ek ft~u gVQB tkb/ ftfdnkoEhnK dh r[Dt~sk w?B/iw?AN
f;fynk nzsookPNoh g~Xo dh j't/rh, fJ; ;z;Ek dk w?ANo fJz;NhfuT{N nkJhHnkJhHn?w, nzfwqs;o
j't/rk.
 341

vkL phHnko nzp/deo fwT{ihnw dh ;EkgBk

nkJhHe/HihHghHNhH:{ eg{oEbk fty/ vkLphHnko nzp/deo fwT{ihnw pDkfJnk ik fojk j?. fi; ft~u vkL
phHnko nzp/deo ih dh ihtBh, T[BK t~b'A ehs/ T[~x/ ezwK ƒ B[wkfJP ehsk ikt/rk.
nkrkwh piN ;?PB d"okB Pjhd Grs f;zx ekbi nkc fJzihBhnfozr n?Av N?eBkb'ih, fco'ig[o ns/ p/nzs
ekbi fJzihBhnfozr n?Av N?eBkb'ih, r[odk;g[o ƒ e?Ag; :{Bhtof;Nh BkB n?chfbJ/fNzr pDkT[D bJh fpb
ftXkB ;Gk d/ ft~u g/P ehsk ikt/rk.

6H5 n"osK dk P;esheoB

xZN fbzr nB[gks ns/ n"osK dh feos ;aesh ftZu xZN Gkrhdkoh fJj do;kT[Adh j? fe oki ftZu n"osK dh
;fEsh B{z ;[XkoB bJh ft;a/;a fXnkB d/D dh b'V j?.fJfsjk;e g¤y' n"os ƒ ihtB d/ ;ko/ y/soK ftu
f;¤fynk s'A b? e/ f;js ;µGkb, xo/b{ c?;b/ s'A o[Irko s¤e ftseo/ dk fPeko j'Dk fgnk j? ns/ fJµBh
so¤eh d/ pkti{d n"osK ƒ ni/ th ;w[¤u/ ftPt ft¤u ‘ewi'o fbzr’ jh fejk iKdk j?. fJj ;wM/ ikD dh
b'V j? fe pokposk dk doik Bk e/tb fJe ;cb wB[¤yh nfXeko ;r'A fNekT{ ftek; bJh th fJj io{oh
j?. n?Z; vh ih 5 fi; dk we;d ‘fbµr ;wkBsk* ns/ ;kohnK n"osK ns/ e[VhnK dh nfXekosk j? fJ;
r¤b s/ I'o fdµdk j? fe n"osK ƒ ;µ;ko ft¤u T[BQK dk T[fus ;EkB fd¤sk ikt/. Gkos d/ fInkdkso oki
Bhsh n:'r d/ n?Z; vh ih fJµv?e; T[¤s/ n?Z; vh ih 5 bJh gqkgsh bJh nk;ktzd Pq/Dh ftu nkT[Ad/ jB.
e/tb e/ob ns/ f;¤ew jh nfij/ oki jB i' fpjso ekor[ikoh tkbh Pq/Dh ftu jB.
fuZsoL 96 gzikp d/ fifbQnK ftZu fbzr nB[gks
gµikp ezfBnk Go{D j¤fsnk ns/ Go[D
1000 gzikp d/ fifbQnK ftZu fbzr nB[gks ftZu n;wkBsk
j¤fsnk dhnK tX/o/ xNBktK ns/ 960
n"osK gqsh ftseo/ d/ eJh j'o o{gK 920 gzikpL 895
gqsh gfjbK fBPkB/ s/ fojk j?. Gkt/A 880
fe j[D gzikp B/ n"os 840
nfXekoDkeoD ftu pj[s gqrsh 800
ehsh j?. ezfBnk Go{D j¤fsnk ƒ
wkB;k
;zro{o

cohde'N

fco'ig[o

ckfIbek

eg{oEbk
ibzXo
r[odk;g[o

o{gBro

j[fPnkog[o
nfwqs;o

w'rk

soB skoB
gmkBe'N

poBkbk
n?;HJ/Hn?; Bro

gfNnkbk

;qh w[es;o ;kfjp

b[fXnkDk
pfmzvK

n?;HphHn?; Bro
cfsjrVQ ;kfjp

o'eD bJh p/p/ BkBeh bkvbh p/Nh

efbnkD ;ehw ;kb 2011^12 s'A
oki ftu bkr{ ehsh ik ojh j?.
;ehw gfotkoK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk
w[j¤Jhnk eotk ojh j? sK i' e[VhnK ;kXBL iBrDBk 2011
d/ gkbD^g'PD ftu ‘ft¤sh p'M* e'Jh
fuµsk dk ekoD Bk oj/. fit/A fe nfXnkfJ 1 ftu ftykfJnk frnk j?, gµikp B/ 2005^07 ns/ 2017^18
ftu fbµr nB[gks ftu ;G s'A tX ;[Xko ftykfJnk j? i' fe 837 s'A 890 j' frnk. iBrDBk 2011
nB[;ko fibQktko nµso ni/ th w"i{d j? i' fe pfmµvk ftu 868 s'A j[fPnkog[o ftu 961 se j? fit/A fe
fu¤so 96 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?.

n"osK bJh f;Zfynk ;{ue

2011 dh wodw P[wkoh nB[;ko gµikp ftu n"osK dh ;kyosk do 70H7 gqshPs j? (g/Av{ n"osK 65H8
gqshPs ns/ Pfjoh n"osK 79H2 gqshPs) i' fe 64H7 gqshPs dh okPNoh n";s s'A pj[s tX j?. fco th
okPNoh o[MkBK d/ w/b ftu n"osK dh ;kyosk do wodK Bkb'A x¤N jh ofj ojh j?. ;kyosk doK ft¤u
fbµrtko coe 9H7 gqshPs ;h fit/A fe 2011 dh wodwP[wkoh ftu doi ehsk frnk. fco th gµikp B/
n"osK ftu ;kyosk ƒ tXkT[D ftu wj¤stg{oD so¤eh ehsh j?. 2001 ns/ 2011 ft¤u e[M n"osK dh
;k\osk do 63H5 gqshPs s'A tX e/ skik nB[wkB nB[;ko 70H7 gqshPs j'Jh fi; Bkb fbµr nµso 11H9
gqshPs s'A x¤N e/ 9H7 j'fJnk.
342
fJ; rZb dk uzrh soQK gsk j? fe i/eo wod ƒ
f;¤fynk fd¤sh iKdh j? sK T[j ;woZE pDdk j? fuZso 97LdofwnkB/ ;kbK d"okB ;e{bk ftZu fbzr
go i/eo fJ¤e n"os ƒ ;[ofyns ehsk iKdk j? gkVk.
sK ;ko/ gfotko ƒ ;wo¤E pDkT[Adh j?.n"osK
;e[bK ftZu fbzr gkV/ dk dofwnkB/ ;kbK ftZu
bJh pokposk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D ft¤u gfjbk
7.8 xZNDk.
edw T[BQK ƒ f;¤fynk s¤e gj[µu w[j¤Jhnk 6.5 6.9 6.1

;kbk ftZu
eotkT[D ns/ fJj :ehBh pDkT[Dk fe n"osK 4.4 4.4 4.9
;e{bK ns/ ekbiK ftu nkT[D. ;kyosk doK s'A 1.9
fJbktk o;wh f;¤fynk ;wki ftu n"os d/ o[sp/
iK ;fEsh ƒ ;[XkoB ftu wj¤stg{oD G{fwek
gzikp Gkos gzikp Gkos
fBGkT[Adh j?. okPNoh o[MkBK ƒ ;kjwD/ o¤yd/
j'J/ fJj t/yD ƒ fwbdk j? fe n"osK dh ;e{bh
2015^16 wod n"osK 2005^06
gVQkJh wodK bJh whvhnB ;kbK s'A brksko
x¤N j? fit/A fe fu¤so 97 ftu do;kfJnk frnk ;kXBL n?BHn?cHn?uHn?; 2015^16
j?. fco th, ;kb do ;kb pj[s so¤eh ehsh rJh
j?. gµikph n"osK bJh ;{ebh gVQkJh d/ ftuekob/ ;kbK ft¤u ;[Xko nkfJnk j? i' fe 2005^06 ftu 4H4
;kbK s'A tX e/ 2015^16 ftu 6H5 ;kb j'fJnk, fi; Bkb fbµr nµso x¤N e/ 1H3 ;kb j'fJnk.

;koDh 49L fbzr nB[;ko gµikp ft¤u ih Jh nko ns/ n?B Jh nko (2019^20) gqshPs ftZu(#)

f;fynk dk gZXo wod n"os

gqkfJwoh 93.3 99.8

ngo gqkfJwoh 86.3 100.2
ihHJhHnko
;ze?voh 90.1 99.3
jkJh ;ze?voh 76.2 85.2
gqkfJwoh 89.4 96.8
ngo gqkfJwoh 80.8 95.4
n?BHJhHnko
;ze?voh 69.0 80.8
jkJh ;ze?voh 54.8 65.5

;kXBL ;e{b f;fynk ftGkr,gzikp

gµikp ft¤u n"osK bJh e[Zb dkybk do ns/ ;[ZX dkybk do f;¤fynk d/ ;ko/ g¤XoK s/ wodK Bkb'A tX fojk
j? fit/A fe ;koDh 49 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?.

fJj o[MkB okPNoh g¤Xo s/ th t/yD ƒ fwfbnk j? fi¤E/ n"osK dh e[Zb dkybk do ns/ ;[aZX dkybk do
tX/o/ j?. (;koDh 50) fco th, gµikp ft¤u n"osK bJh e[Zb dkybk do ns/ ;[ZaX dkybk do ;op Gkosh
g¤Xo s/ n"osK dh e[Zb dkybk do ns/ ;[ZX dkybk do s'A tX/o/ j?.fJj gµikp ftu f;¤fynk d/ ;ko/
g¤XoK s/ n"osK d/ :ehBh dkyb/ ftu j'Jh so¤eh ƒ do;kT[Adk j?. okPNoh o[MkBK dh s[bBk ftu gµikp
ftu fbzr ;wkBsk ;{ue ;op Gkosh g¤Xo s/ tX iK pokpo j? (;koDh 51).
 343

;koDh 50 L fbzr nB[;ko gzikp ns/ Gkos d/ f;fynk d/ jo gZXo ftZu ihHJhHnko ns/ n?BHJhHnko
(2018^19)

ihHJhHnko
gqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh ;ze?voh jkJh ;ze?voh T[u/oh f;fynk
wod n"os wod n"os wod n"os wod n"os wod n"os

Punjab 107.5 107.5 99.5 100.4 93.0 93.3 67.5 68.8 25.5 34.3
India 100.8 101.8 87.3 88.5 76.8 76.9 49.4 50.8 26.3 26.4
n?BHJhHnko
gqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh ;ze?voh jkJh ;ze?voh
wod n"os wod n"os wod n"os wod n"os
Punjab 76.9 80.9 55.6 62.5 35.7 43.5 24.0 32.3
India 88.5 89.8 68.1 69.9 48.2 49.0 29.9 31.6

;kXB L ;kXB L:{ vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhHO (2018^19) ns/ ;op^Gkosh ;ot/yD^T[u/oh f;Zfynk(2018^19)

;koDh 51 L f;fynk d/ jo gZXo ftZu fbzr ;wkBsk (2016^17)

jkJh
gqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh ;ze?voh jkJh ;ze?voh n?i[e/PB
gzikp 1.05 1.10 1.01 1.00 1.33
Gkos 1.02 1.10 1.02 1.02 1.00
*- vkNk cko ihHghHnkJhH cko jkfJo n?I{e/;aB fJia cko 2018^19
;kXB L vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhH ns/ J/HnkJhHn?;Hn?uHJh

gzikp e[VhnK B{z ;e{b ftu Bk e/tb nkT[D bJh, ;r'A T[BQK dk ;e{bK ftu fBozso ofjD th :ehBh
pDkT[D ftu ;|b fojk j?. gzikp ftu gqkJhwoh s'A
jkfJo^;?ezvoh sZe, f;Zfynk d/ ;ko/ gZXoK bJh
bVehnK dh ;e{b SZvD dh do bVfenK Bkb'A xZN
f;ybkJh ns/ BshfinK ;{ueK s/ e[VhnK
j?. f;Zfynk dk gZXo tXD d/ Bkb fJj nzso tX/o/ dk w[zfvnK Bkb'A fpjso ekor[Ikoh ojh j?
wjZstg{oB j' iKd/ jB. ;kb 2019^20 ftZu ;?ezvoh
gZXo s/ bVfenK dk vokg^nkT{N do 8H87 j? id'A
fe bVehnK bJh fJj 6H56 j? noEks 2H31 dk
nzso j?.
f;ybkJh BshfinK ftu th gzikp ftu bVehnK dh fBozso fpjso ekor[Ikoh ojh j? fit/A fe ;koDh 52
ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?, 3,5,8 ns/ 10thA ;/qDhnK ftu,;ko/ ftfPnK ftu bVfenK Bkb'A bVehnK dk
gqdoPB fpjso j?. f;Zfynk dk gZXo tXD d/ Bkb^Bkb BzpoK ftub/ nzso ftu th tkXk jz[dk j?. jkbKfe,
rfDs ftu d'tK fbzrK dk w[ekpbsB wkVk gqdoPB d/fynk ik ;edk j?.
344
;koDh 52 L e"wh gqkgsh ;ot/yD ftu gzikph ftfdnkoEhnK dk fbzr w[skpe doik

ft;ak wod n"os

tksktoD 57 58
iwks 3 GkPk 63 64
fj;kp 56 56
tksktoD 51 52
iwks 5 GkPk 52 54
fj;kp 46 47
GkPk 52 56
fj;kp 31 32
iwks 8
ftfrnkB 37 37
;wkfie f;fynk 34 35
fj;kp 32 34
ftfrnkB 34 36
iwks 10 ;wkfie f;fynk 37 39
nzrq/ih 36 38
nkX[fBe Gkosh GkPk 48 52

;kXB L B?PBb nuhtw?AN ;ot/yD, 2017

n"osK d/ f;js bJh ;{ue

f;js ;zGkb d/ y/so ftu gzikp w'joh fojk j??, fJj rZb, gzikp oki ftubh T[Zu T[wo nk; s'A gsk bZrdh
j?. ok;aNoh o[MkBK d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu n"osK dh T[wo nkw wodK Bkb'A tZX j?. gzikp ftu n"osK dh
T[wo nk; e"wh gZXo s/ n"osK dh T[wo nk; Bkb'A wjZstg{oB o{g ftu tX/o/ j?. ofi;Noko iBob Gkos
d/ nB[;ko ;kb 2014^18 d/ ;w/A bJh gzikph n"osK bJh T[wo nk; (iBw ;w/A) 74H8 ;kb ;h. id'A fe
wodK bJh 71H0 ;kb ;h. fJ; dh s[bBk ftu n"osK bJh ;op Gkosh gZXo s/ T[wo nk; 70H7 ;kb ns/
wodk bJh 68H2 ;kb j?.
jKbkfe iD/gk ;zGkb bJh ;{ue do;kT[Ad/ jB fe Gkt/A gzikp e"wh n";s Bkb'A T[go j? gozs{ fit/A fe
T[go’es nB[;ko ftuko ehsk frnk j?, ni/ th d{;o/ tZv/ okiK Bkb'A fgZS/ j?. iD/gk w"s do, iD/gk f;js
;zGkb dk nkozGe ;{ue gzikp bJh e"wh n";s d/ 122 gqsh bZy iZuk iBwK d/ pokpo j?. e/obk tor/ okiK
d/ w[ekpb/ 42 gqsh bZy iZuk iBwK dh iD/gk w"s do doia ehsh rJh j?. fit/A fe ;koDh 33 ftu
do;kfJnk frnk j?, gzikp B/ roGtsh wktK B{z pZuk izwD s'A gfjbK fwbD tkbh ;zGkb ;j{bs ftu e"wh
gZXo Bkb'A tX/o/ soZeh ehsh j? ns/ fJ; rZb B{z :ehBh pDkfJnk j? fe iD/gk vkeNoh g/P/toK dh ;jkfJsk
Bkb eotkfJnk iKdk j? Gkt/A fe d{i/ okiK dh fpjso ekor[Ikoh do;kT[Adh j? fe gzikp bJh ni/ th ;[Xko
dh rz[ikfJP j?. fco th gzikp BthnK wktK d/ iD/g/ s'A pknd dh ;zGkb w[jZJhnk eotkT[D tkbk T[Zu
nB[gks (91 gqsh;as) tkbk ;ko/ okiK ftu'A d{ik oki j?.
 345

n"osK dk o[Irko fdqP dk t/otk L

Gkt/A n"osK f;Zfynk ns/ f;ybkJh ekoiK ftu wodK Bkb'A fpjso ekor[IkohnK eodhnK jB, fco th fJj
T[BQK bJh o[Irko w"fenK ftu BIo BjhA nkT[Adk. e"wh o[MkBK d/ nB[e{b gzikp ftu n"osK dh feos
nkpkdh nB[gks xZN j? ns/ wodK Bkb'A tX/o/ p/o[Irkoh do j? fit/A fe nfXnkfJ fJe ftu ftuko ehsk
frnk j?. fJj ;fEsh w[ekpbsB gzikp ftu tX/o/ Xhwh j?. Bk e/tb gzikph n"osK dk feos nkpkdh
nB[gks ns/ p/o[Irkoh do e"wh gZXo *s/ n"osK Bkb'A xZN j? pbfe oki ftu fJj nzso d'BK fbzrK ftu
wjZstg{oB o{g ftu tX/o/ j?.
;koDh 53 d'jK fbzrK bJh o[irko ;fEsh s/ ukBDk gkT[Adh j? ns/ fJ; rZb B{z do;kT[Adh j? fe feos
Pesh ftu n"osK dh fezBh wkVh gqshfBXsk j?. fJ; s'A, T[BQK dhnK :'rsktK ns/ f;ybkJh dh popkdh dk
gsk brdk j? i' fe w[ekpbsB wodK Bkb'A fpjso j? fit/A fe f;ybkJh BshfinK d[nkok do;kfJnk frnk
j?. Pfjoh gzikp ftu ;fEsh tX/o/ rzGho j? fiZE/ n"osK dh p/o[Irkoh do d' r[DK Bkb'A th tX/o/ j? ns/
feos nkpkdh nB[gks wodK d/ 1$5 s'A th xZN j?.

;koDh 53 L gzikp ns/ Gkos ftu wodK ns/ n"osK bJh feos Gkrhdoh do ns/ p/o[Irkoh do,
2018^19

e[Zb g/Av{ Pfjoh

wod n"os wod n"os wod n"os

gzikp 68.8 17.3 66.6 17.3 72.4 17.1

feos Gkrhdoh do
Gkos 71.0 23.3 72.2 25.5 68.6 18.4

gzikp 6.9 9.4 7.6 8.3 6.0 11.3

p/o[Irkoh do
Gkos 6.0 5.1 5.5 3.5 7.0 9.8
;kXBL feos Pesh tesh ;ot/yD 2018^19

o[Irko ;?eNo ftu th n"osK fto[ZX fJj G/d^Gkt d't/A fbzrK d/ T[Ios nzso ftu ;gPN BIo nkT[Adk j?,
ftP/P o{g ftu g/Av{ y/soK ftub/ ;EkJh sBykj do ekfwnK d/ o{g ftu. ngq?b s'A i{B 2019 d"okB
o?r{bp ekwk n"osK B/ gzikp ftu wodK Bkb'A n";sB 8427 o[gJ/ xZN ewkJ/. fdbu;g rZb fJj j? fe
fJ;/ ntXh d"okB Pfjoh gzikp ftu fB:fws sBykj do n"osK B/ wodK Bkb'A n";sB 3979H20 o[gJ/
tX/o/ ewkJ/. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ ftu ;op Gkosh gZXo s/ ;EkJh sBykj do n"osK B/ bZrGZr 5 jIko o[gJ/
xZN ewkJ/.fdjkVhdko ekfwnK bJh th (;oekoh ekoiK ftu Bk bZr/ ekw/) T[Ios nzso w"i{d jB yk;
eoe/ g/Av{ y/soK ftu fdjksh gzikp ftu fdjkVhdko ekfwnK ti'A ezw eo ojhnK n"osK 9H09 o[gJ/ xZN
ewk ojhnK jB id'A fe Pfjoh y/soK ftu 23H36 o[gJ/ xZN ewk ojhnK jB. gzikp ftu d't/A gqeko d/
o'Irko bJh fbzr T[Ios nzso Gkt/A tZvk j?, gozs{ g/Av{ y/soK ftub/ ;EkJh sBykj doK s'A f;tkJ/ ;op
Gkosh gZXo s/ nzso xZN j?.
n"osK dh nfXekosk bJh tZy^tZy ;oekoh gfjb edwhnK
gzikp ;oeko n"osK d/ ;PesheoB bJh tuBp~X j?. n"osK dh ;wkfie ns/ ftfdne ;fEsh ƒ T[~uk
u[~eD bJh, bVehnK d/ fbzre nB[gks ft~u ;[Xko fbnkT[D bJh, bVeh d/ iBw d/ ;pzX ft~u ;wkfie
ebze pko/ ikro{esk, bVehnK dh gotfoP bJh ft~sh bkG gqdkB eoB, ;e{b S~vD dh do ƒ xNkT[D
nkfd. fJBQK ;kohnK :'iBktK dk w[~y T[d/P b'eK ftu ikro{esk g?dk eoBk ns/ n"osK ƒ PesheoB
eoBk j?. ft~sh ;kb 2021^22 ftu wJh Gkr' ftfdnk ;ehw sfjs 139284 bVehnK ƒ ;kJheb
w[j~Jhnk eotkJ/ ikDr/. WgJ/ dk piN gqpzX ;kb 2021^22 bJh 23H00 eo'V WgJ/ pD u[~e/ jB.
346
fBoG:k czv (n"osK dh ;[o~fynk ns/ ;[o~fynk bJh ;wofgs czv)
d/P ft~u n"osK dh ;[o~fynk ns/ ;[o~fynk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D bJh Gkos ;oeko B/ fBoG:k Bkwe fJ~e
;wofgs czv ;Ekgs ehsk j?. fJ; :'iBk sfjs oki ftu n"osK dh ;[o~fynk ns/ ;[o~fynk bJh gqki?eN
ubkT[D bJh t~y^t~y ftGkrK ns/ fIfbQnK s'A gq;skt gqkgs ehs/ ik oj/ jB. ;kb 2021^22 bJh 3
eo'V o[gJ/ dk piN T[gpzX ehsk frnk j?.
T[itbk ;ehw
;G s'A t~X ;;sh n?bJhvhI d[nkok T[ZBs i'sh ƒ 2015 ft~u bKu ehsk frnk ;h fi; ft~u n?bHJhHvh
pbpK Bkb 77 eo'V b?AgK dh EK b?D dk Nhuk o~fynk frnk ;h. T[oik e[Pb gqDkbhnK ƒ ngDkT[D bJh
n?bJhvh dh T[~u ehws ƒ ysw eoB bJh fJj :'iBk d/P Go ftu gVkn nB[;ko n?bJhvh pbpK dh tzv
eoB bJh bkr{ ehsh rJh ;h sK i' b'eK ƒ xZN ehws s/ n?bJhvh pbp ns/ T{oik Bkb e[Pb T[geoD
w[j~Jhnk eotkJ/ ik ;eD. fJ;dk T[d/P e[Pb o'PBh ƒ T[sPkfjs eoBk, e[Pb T[geoDK dh tos'A gqsh
ikro{esk tXkT[Dk j? i' fpibh d/ fp~bK ƒ xNkT[Dr/ ns/ tksktoD dh ;zGkb eo/rh. fJ~e pj[-n:kwh
gj[zu dh Io{os j? i' ftP/P s"o 's/ ewI'o y/soK ns/ nkpkdh d/ GkrK ft~u s;eoh ƒ o'eD bJh o'eEkw
T[gkn eo/rhl ns/ s;eoh d/ ghVsK dk pukn, w[V t;/tk ns/ w[V J/eheoD ftu :'r d/t/rh. fJ; :'iBk
sfjs brGr 70# nB[;{fus ikshnK d/ bkGgksohnK ƒ Pkwb ehsk ikt/rk ns/ brGr 30# nkw Pq/Dh
d/ bkGgksoh nkT[Dr/. ;kb 2021^22 bJh 15H00 eo'V o[gJ/ dk piN T[gpzX ehsk frnk j?.
e;s{opk rKXh wfjbk :'iBk
oki ;oeko d/ ;ko/ ftGkrK d[nkok ubkJhnK ik ojhnK ;kohnK :'iBktK ftu fJBQK gfotkoK dh n;kBh
Bkb gj[zu jk;b eoB ftu ;jkfJsk eoB d/ T[d/P Bkb e;s{opk rKXh wfjbk :'iBk ;ehw oki d/ ;ko/
n"osK dh nrtkJh tkb/ xoK ƒ eto ehsk frnk j?. ;kb 2021^22 bJh 5H00 eo'V WgJ/ dk piN gqpzX
ehsk frnk j?.
wksk fsqgs wfjbk :'iBk
wksk fsqgs wfjbk :'iBk gzikp oki ft~u n"os g~yh gfotkoK d/ ;PesheoB bJh fJ~e gqw[~y gq'rokw
ti'A bkr{ ehsh ikt/rh. fJj :'iBk ;oeko d[nkok ubkJhnK ik ojhnK w"i{dk ;ehwK nXhB ;kohnK :'r
n"osK ƒ bkG gqdkB eoB s/ e/Adqs eo/rh. fJj oki dhnK ;kohnK b'Vtzd an"osK ns/ bVehnK s~e gj[zu
eoBk j? sK i' T[BQK ƒ ;/tktK bkG nfXeko fit/A f;js ;zGkb, f;~fynk, WIrko, ;[o~fynk ns/ wkD
;BwkB gqdkB ehs/ ik ;eD. fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs, gzikp ;oeko n"osK ns/ bVehnK bJh oki ns/ e/Ado
;oeko d/ t~y^tZy ftGkrK d[nkok ubkJhnK ik ojhnK :'iBktK sfjs ni/ s~e Pkwb BjhA ehs/ rJ/
gfjb{nK ns/ Io{osK ƒ eto eoB bJh Bt/A T[gokb/ ns/ gq'rokw P[o{ eo/rh. ;kb 2021^22 bJh 5H00
eo'V WgJ/ dk piN gqpzX ehsk frnk j?.
n"osK dh xo/b{ fjz;k s''A ;[oZFfynk n?eN, 2005
xo/b{ nfjz;k s'A n"osK dh ;[oZfynk n?eN 2005, ;zftXkB nXhB fdZs/ nfXekoK dh gqGktekoh
;[oZfynk bJh T[gkn w[jZJhnk eodk j?. fJj T[BQK n"osK bJh j? fijVhnK gfotko ftZu fe;/ th gqeko dh
fjz;k s''A ghVs jB. oki :'iBk ;ehw, xo/b{ fjz;k n?eN 2005, ikro{esk gq'rokw nXhB ftGkr d/ oki
ekB{zBh ;/tktK nEkfoNh, g[fb; ftGkr ns/ gzikp oki d/ ;ko/ fifbQnK ftu n"osK dh GbkJh d/ y/so ftu
ezw eo ojhnK r?o ;oekoh ;zrmBK Bkb fwb e/ ikro{esk gq'rokw nk:'fis ehs/ jB. n?eN dh
ikro{esk bJh fJBQK gq'rokwK ftZu g?AcfbN tzv/ rJ/ jB.Nhth ns/ o/fvU nkfd tor/ fpibJh whvhnk
d[nkok ikro{esk w[fjzw th P[o{ ehsh rJh j?.
oki ftZu gzikp o'vt/i ns/ gh nko Nh ;h dhnK pZ;K ftZu 60 ;kb s'A T[go T[wo dhnK n"osK bJh
fonkfJsh ;|o ;[ftXk
oki ftZu 60 ;kb s''A T[go T[wo dhnK n"osK d/ nkT[D ikD bJh gzikp o'vt/i ns/ gh nko Nh ;h
dhnK pZ;K ftZu nZX/ feokJ/ s/ fonkfJsh ;|o dh ;[ftXk w[jZJhnk eotkJh rJh j?. ;kb 2021^22 bJh
140H00 bZy o[gJ/ dk piN T[gpzX ehsk frnk .
 347

wkJh Gkr' ftfdnk (n?i{) ;ehw (9 thA s'A 12 thA iwks ftu gVQB tkbhnK ;kohnK bVehnK ƒ w[cs
;kJheb) (Bkw pdfbnk ;ehw n?;vpb:{;hvpb:{ (n?;) -12).
oki ;oeko B/ nrb/ ;kb dk nfXn?B ikoh o~yD ns/ ;e{b S~vD dh do ƒ xNkT[D d/ we;d Bkb
;oekoh ;e{bK ftu 9 thA s'A 12 thA iwks ftu gVQdhnK ;kohnK bVehnK bJh wJh Gkr' ftfdnk :'iBk
;kb 2011^12 d"okB P[o{ ehsh j?.
wfjbk j?bgbkJhB :'iBk
fJ; :'iBk dk T[d/P fjz;k s'A gqGkfts n"osK ƒ o?cob (T[fus nEkoNh fit/A fe g[fb;, tB ;Nkg ;?ANo,
j;gskb Bkb i'VBk) d[nkok 24 xzN/ s[ozs ns/ n?woi?A;h gqfsfeqnk gqdkB eoBk j? ns/ d/P Go ftu
n"osK Bkb ;pzXs ;oekoh ;ehwK d/ gq'rokwK dh ikDekoh fJe;ko frDsh d/ IohJ/ gqdkB eoBk j? .
gzikp ft~u, n?; J/ n?; Bro (w[jkbh) fty/ gzikp g[fb; t~b'A gfjbK jh 181 j?bg bkJhB ubkJh ik ojh
j?. fJ; bJh, fJj c?;bk fbnk frnk j? fe gzikp g[fb; fJ; ƒ ;kcNt/no ns/ ;wofgs ;Nkc Bkb
j?bg bkJhB d/ :{Bhto;bkJhI/PB fdPk fBod/PK d/ nB[;ko ngro/v eo/rh, fiE/ wkfjoK d[nkok n"osK
;zpzXh ;kohnK ekbK f;~X/ s"o s/ 181 s/ gj[zukJhnK ikDrhnK. ;kb 2019^20 bJh WgJ/ bJh 95H00 b~y
WgJ/ dh sithI o~yh rJh j?.
;tXo rqfj ;ehw
;kb 2019 d"okB ;oeko Gkos d/ nkgD/ n"osK ns/ pkb ftek; wzsokb/ d[nkok E'VQ/ ;w/A dh :'iBk dh
P[o{nks fJ; wzst Bkb ehsh rJh fe nosK ns/ bVehnK ƒ p/xo ehshnK nkoIh fojkfJP, o~y^oykn
ns/ w[V t;/pk ;/tktK w[j~Jhnk eotkJhnK ikD. skIk fBod/PK d/ nB[;ko, ;tXo rqfj ;ehw 60L40 d/
Gkt you/ dh tzv d/ nB[gks Bkb ubkJh ikJ/rh, (noEks e/Ado ;oekoL oki ;oeko) fJ; t/b/ ibzXo
ns/ nzfwqs;o ftu f;oc d' ;tXo rqfj xo jB. .;kb 2021^22 bJh 50H00 b~y WgJ/ dh sithI o~yh
rJh j?.
ezw eo ojhnK wktK d/ p~funK bJh okPNoh eo?u ;ehw
pkb GbkJh e"A;b ns/ ;wki GbkJh ;bkjeko p'ov BK d/ n?BihHUH tb'A eo?u ;ehw ;a[o{ ehsh rJh ;h i'
fe eqwtko 102 ns/ 112 eo?u ub oj/ jB. Gkos ;oeko dhnK jdkfJsK w[skpe ;kb 2018 s'A ;wki
GbkJh ftGkr B/ fJjBK eo?uK dk ekoi Gko ;zGkfbnk j? ns/ j[D 216 eo?u ekoia;ahb jB.;kb 2021^22
bJh 227H08 b~y WgJ/ dh sithI o~yh rJh j?.

6H6 jkPhnkrq;s ;q/DhnK dh soZeh

gzikp d/P ftZu ;G s''A tZX nB[;{fus iksh nkpkdh d/
b'eK dk xo j?. 2011 dh iBrDBk w[skpe brGr fJe
fsjkJh (31H94 gqshPs ) nkpkdh gzikp ftZu nB[;{fus ;ko/ okik d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu
ikshnK Bkb ;pzX oZydh j?. (fuso 98) i' w[Zy o{g ftu nB[ ;{fus ikshnK dh npkdh dk
d/P ftu e[Zb nB[;{fus iksh t;''A dk 4 gqshPs j?. ;w[Zu/ nB[gks e[Zb nkpkdh d/ nB[gks
d/P ftu nB[;{fus ikshnK Bkb G/d^Gkt ns/ Bkb'A finkdk j? (31H9#)
d[o^fttjko j[zdk fojk j?. Gkosh ;zftXkB ;ko/ BkrfoeK
B{z ;wkB ;wMdk j?. gqzs{ ;wkfie skDk pkDk fJfsjk;e s"o s/ nB[;{fus ikshnK ns/ nB[;{fus ephfbnK
gqsh G/d^Gkt oZydk fojk j?. nkofEesk d/ ;fEo ftek; bJh fJj Io{oh j? fe ;kohnK ;wkfie ;q/DhnK B{z
tkX/ ns/ ftek; d/ ;wkB nt;o gqkgs j'DF. :{BkJhfNv B?PB w?ApoK tb''A ngDkJ/ rJ/ n?Z;HvhHihH dk
T[d/Pj? fe “e'Jh th fgZS/ Bk ofj ikt/.jkPhnkrq;s ;wki dk tZvk fjZ;k gzikp ftu j'D ekoD oki dh
;kfonK bJh ;fEo ftek; fbnkT[D ftu wjZstg{oD G{fwek j?.
348
fuso 98Loki dh nkpkdh ftu nB[;{fus iksh nkpkdh dk fjZ;k

gzikp dk nB[;{fus ikshnK ftZu fjZ;k d/P d/ w[ekpb/ ;G tZX j?/.

35% 31.9%
30%
25%
20% Gkos L16H6#
15%
10%
5%
0%

T[Vh;k
r'nk
wBhg[o

SZsh;rVQ

fpjko

eoBkNe
w/xkfbnk

e/obk

gzikp
jfonkDk
s/bzrBk

T[sokyzv
sohg[ok
fwi'ow

izw{ ns/ ePwho

Mkoyzv

nkXok gqd/P
f;Zew

wjkokPNo

T[[zso gqd/P
wZX gqd/P

fjwkub gqd/P
skfwbBkv{
r[ioks

oki;EkB

gZSwh pzrkb
nk;kw

;kXBL^ Gkos dh iBrDBk 2011

gzikp ftZu nB[;{fus ikshnK dk f;Zfynk ns/ f;js gZXo

gzikp ftZu nB[;{fus ikshnK ftu ;kyosk do oki ftu e[b ;kyosk do s''A j/mK ojh j?, fJj ;fEsh
e/Adoh gZXo s/ th t/yh ik ;edh j?. ;kb 2011 dh iBrDBk w[skpe nB[;{fus ikshnK bJh ;kyosk doK
64H8 gqshPs (wod 70H7 gqshPs ns/ n"osK 58H4 gqshPs) ;h. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ oki dh e[Zb ;kyosk do
75H9 gqshPs (wod 80H5 gqshPs ns/ n"osK 70H7 gqshPs) ;h fi; Bkb jkPhnkrq;s ;w{jK ns/
d{;ohnK ;wkfie Pq/DhnK ftub/ p[fBnkdh ;kyosk gZXoK s/ nzso dk gsk bZrdk j?. fJj rZb gqsZy j? fe
nB[;{fus ikshnK d/ wodK ns/ n"osK dh ;k\osk gZXoK ftu fbzr nzso gqsZy j?. gqzs{ fJj nzso e"wh
gZXo Bkb''A xZN j?.
fJj rZb j?okBh tkbh j? fe id''A gzikp ftu nkw ;k\osk do e"wh n";s Bkb''A tX/o/ j? gozs{ oki ftZu
nB[;{fus ikshnK e"wh gZXo s/ nB[;{fus ikshnK Bkb''A E'Vk fgZS/ ofj rJhnK jB. ;kb 2011 dh
iBrDBk s''A gsk bZrdk j? fe Gkos ftu nB;{fus ikshnK bJh ;kyosk do gzikp dh 64H8 gqshPs d/
w[ekpb/ 66H1 gqshPs j?. fJ;/ soQK dk o[MkB Gkos ftubh nB[;{fus iksh d/ wodK ftueko t/fynk frnk
j? fiZE/ gzikp ftu 70H7 gqshPs nB[;{fus iksh d/ wodK d/ w[ekpb/ e"wh gZXo s/ 75H2 gqshPs nB[;{fus
iksh ;kyosk do j? gozs{ fJBQK o[MkBK d/ T[bN gzikp ftu nB[;{fus iksh dhnK n"osK B/ T[u/oh ;kyosk
do doi eotkJh j? i' fe ;koDh 54 s'A' d/yh ik ;edh j? . gzikp ftu nB[;{fus ikshnK dh pkbr
;kyosk d/ o[MkBK s'A nB[;{fus ikshnK dh ;w[Zuh ;kyosk do gqshfpzps j[zdh j?.
;koDh 54L^ Gkos ns/ gzikp ftZu nB[;{fus ikshnK ftueko ;kyosk doK

gzikp Gkos
T{wo
ftnesh wod n"os ftnesh wod n"os

7 ;kb ns/ tZX 64.8% 70.7% 58.4% 66.1% 75.2% 56.5%

15 ;kb ns/ tZX 59.4% 66.4% 51.8% 60.4% 71.6% 48.6%

;kXBL Gkos dh iBrDBk, 2011

oki nzdobhnK ;wkfie P/qDhnK ftueko n;wkBsk ;gPN j?. n?B n?c n?u n?; 2015^16 fJj
do;kT[Adh j? fe 6 s''A 17 ;kb dh nB[;{fus iksh d/ 86H8 fjZ;/ B/ 2014^15 ftu ;e{b jkIo j'J/ id''A fe
d{;ohnK ;q/DhnK Bkb ;pzXs 96 gqshPs nkpkdh ;e{b jkIo j'J/ (i' nB[;{fus ikshnK, nB[;{fus
 349

ephfbnK, iK j'o gZSVhnK ;q/DhnK Bkb ;pzXs BjhA) nB[;{fus ikshnK ftueko f;Zfynk dh tX/o/ do
fbnkT[D bJh nB[;{fus ikshnK (ns/ j'o gZSVhnK ;q/DhnK) d/ ftfdne ftek; bJh tZy tZy tIhck okyt/A
ehs/ ik oj/ jB.
;w[Zu/ d/P ftZu nB[;{fus ikshnK d/ w[ekpb/ f;js ns/ g'PD ;{ue fpjso Bshi/ T[ikro j[zd/ jB. e"wh
gZXo d/ o[MkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe gzi ;kb s''A xZN T[wo d/ 48H8 gqshPs nB[;{fus iksh d/ pZu/ nD^ftef;s
jB id''A fe 39H1 gqshPs xZN tiB tkb/ ns/ 21H2 gqshPs xZN bzpkJh tkb/ j[zd/ jB. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/
gzikp ftZu e/tb 29H3 gqshPs 5 ;kb dh T[wo s''A xZN pZu/, T[wo w[skpe xZN bzpkJh tkb/, 24H1 gqshPs
xZN tiB tkb/ ns/ e/tb 16H9 gqshPs bzpkJh w[skpe xZN Gko tkb/ jB. fJ; dk fJe ;jkfJe sZE fJj
j' ;edk j? fe gzikp ftu nB;{fus iksh d/ pZfunK d/ tZZv/ fjZ;/ B{z ;ko/ w{b NhekeoB ns/ y[oke gqsh
tXhnk gj[zu gqkgs j[zdh j?. e"wh gZXo s/ (12 s''A 23 wjhfBnK ) d/ 63H2 gqshPs pZu/ ;ko/ w{b NhekeoB
gqkgs eo oj/ jB ns/ gzikp ftu 89H2 gqshPs nB[;{fus iksh d/ pZfunK B{z ;kohnK w{b NhekeoB gqkgs
j' ojhnK jB, fit/A fe n?B n?c n?u n?Z; ^2015^16 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?. gozs{ fco th oki ftZu
nB[;{fus ikshnK d{;ohnK ;wkfie ;q/DhnK tb''A gZSVhnK j'JhnK jB. d{;ohnK ;q/DhnK Bkb ;pzXs (n?;
;h, n?; Nh ns/ U ph ;h s''A fJbktk) pZu/ wkBt Poho ftfrnkBe ;{ueK T[go tXhnk Bshi/ do;k oj/
jB. pkbr f;js gZXo d/ ;pzX ftu jkJhgoN?APB, w'Nkg/, jkJh pbZv P[ro d/ wkwb/ ftu nB[;{fus iksh
(wod ns/ n"osK) gzikp ftu d{;ohnK ;wkfie Pq/DhnK Bkb ;pzXs (wod ns/ n"osK) Bkb''A j/mb/ gZXo s/
jB.
oki ftu nB[;{fus iksh dhnK n"osK d[nkok roG^fBo'Xe b?D dh do ;op Gkosh gZXo s/ nB[;{fus
iksh n"osK Bkb'A tX/o/ j? ns/ oki ftu d{;ohnK ;q/DhnK dhnK n"osK d/ pokpo j?. oki ftu 75H5
gqshPs nB[;{fus iksh dhnK n"osK e"wh gZXo s/ 54H9 gqshPs d/ w[ekpb/ fe;/ Bk fe;/ gqeko dk roG
fBo'Xe b?AdhnK jB ns/ 76H5 gqshPs d{;ohnK ;q/DhnK dhnK n"osK roG^fBo'Xe b?AdhnK jB. fdbu;g
rZb fJj j? fe oki ftu nB[;{fus iksh n"osK dk fJe tZvk nB[gks (91H1 gqshPs) d{;ohnK ;q/DhnK
dhnK 86 gqshPs n"osK d/ w[ekpb/ nkX[fBe roG^fBo'Xe ftXhnK B{z ngBkT[AdhnK jB. d{;ohnK Pq/DhnK
d/ nB[e{b n"osK dh B;pzdh ns/ fBo'XK dh tos'A eoBk nB[;{fus iksh n"osK d/ roG^fBo'XB dhnK
nkX[fBe ftXhnK jB. gqzs{ id'Afe nB[;f{ us iksh n"osK ftu tZv/ gZXo s/ roG^fBo'XB B{z gqtkB ehsk
iKdk j? fJ; d/ pkti{d iZuk^;zGkb bJh ;{ue (gq;{s s'A gfjbK ;zGkb, ;z;EkfJe iD/gk ns/ iD/g/ s'A pkd
dh ;zGkb) oki ftu d{;oh ;q/DhnK Bkb'A fgZS/ jB.
jkPhnkrq;s Pq/DhnK dh soZeh bJh ;oekoh gfjbedwhnK
gzikp nB[;{f;s iksh G{wh ftek; ns/ fts fBrw (ghHn?Z;H;hHn?cH;hH)
oki ;oeko ft;a/;a s"o s/ fJ; wzst bJh pDkJh rJh tZy tZy ekog'o/;aBK d[nkok nkofEe ;fEsh B{z
wiap{s eoB bJh jk;ahJ/ s/ uZb oj/ ;zgodktK B{z ftZsh ;jkfJsks gqdkB eo ojh j?. fBrw dk T[d/P rohp
nB[;{fus iksh dh nkpkdh B{z eoI ns/ ;pf;vh w[jZJhnk eotkT[Dk j?. ftZsh ;kb 2018^19 d"okB
(30H09H2018 sZe) fBrw tZb'A 3267 bkGGksohnK B{z 2273H70 bZy o[gJ/ dh oew tzvh rJh j?. ftZsh ;kb
(2019^20) d"okB (25 Btzpo 2019 sZe) fBrw B/ 49 bkGgksohnK B{z 41H65 bZy o[gJ/ d/ eoI/
w[jZJhnk eotkJ/ jB.
gzikp gSVhnK ;q/DhnK, G{wh ftek; ns/ ftZs fBrw (p?efcze')
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ns/ nkofEe ewia'o tor d/ fpB?ekoK dk nkofEe fwnko T[Zuk u[ZeD bJh ;t?^o'iarko ;ehwK nXhB
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gZSVhnK ;a/qDhnK ftZs ns/ ftek; ekog'o/;aB (n?BHphH;hHn?cHvhH;h) ns/ ok;aNoh xZN frDsh ftek; ns/
ftZs ekog'o/;aB (n?BHn?wHvhHn?cH;h) dh ;N/N u?Bb J/iz;h d/ s"o s/ ezw ehsk iKdk j?. p?efcze' gzikp
;oeko tZb'A x'f;as gZSVhnK ;a/qDhnK bJh n?BHphH;hHn?cHvhH;hH ;ehw nXhB ;bkBk gfotkoe nkwdB g/Av{
ns/ ;afjoh fJbkfenK ftZu fszB bZy o[gJ/ j't/rh (50# eoia/ gZSVhnK ;a/qDhnK d/ T[BQK fpB?ekoK B{z fdZs/
ikDr/ fiBQK dh ;kbkBk gfotkoe nkwdB fJZe bZy gzikj jiako o[gJ/ sZe j't/rh), xZN frDsh tor bJh
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350
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o[gJ/ d/ eoia/ tzv/ rJ/. ukb{ ftZsh ;kb 2020^21 (31H12H2020) d"okB 449H94 bZy o[gJ/ d/ eoia/ 264
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u¤eoftT{ ekoB rohp rohph d/ pµXBK s'A fBebD ns/ uzrh fiµdrh ihD d/ n:'r j[zd/ jB. :{BkfJfNv
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 351

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n";sB wjhBktko nkwdBh n";s ygd you/ tkX{

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gZSwh pzrkb 6860 5249 1611

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izw{ ns/ ePwho 10747 9343 1404

352

r'nk 10758 9445 1313

oki;EkB 8338 7039 1299

wBhg[o 9679 8617 1062

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s/bzrkBk 7811 6813 998

wZX gqd/P 6632 5675 956

fwi'ow 9491 8561 930

sohg[ok 8612 7980 632

T[sokyzv 8762 8303 459

T[[zso gqd/P 6257 5941 315

f;Zew 8560 8246 314

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fpjko 6277 6015 262

nkXok gqd/P 5842 5746 95

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eofdnK gµikp ƒ 18 t¤v/ okiK ftu'A 0H55 d/ ;e'o wµsokb/ d[nkok tksktofBe gfjb{ s/ uµr/
gqpµX fJµv?e; ƒ ikoh gµikp S/t/A ;EkB s/
Bkb S/t/A ;EkB s/ o¤fynk j?. ;koDh dk fJj gfjb{
j?.
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ftu ;cb fojk j?. Gkt/A fJ; dh ehws ndk eoBh gJh j?.oki dhnK f;µukJh Io{osK bJh T[j Xosh
j/mb/ gkDh d/ ;q'sK s/ pj[s fInkdk fBoGo j?. Gkos d/ rshPhb Xosh j/mb/ ib ;q'sK (2017) s/ e/Adoh G{
j/mb/ ib ;z;kXB d[nkok fJe fog'N ftu do;kfJnk frnk j? fe gµikp ftu e¤fYnk frnk 95 gqshPs
gkDh f;µukJh wµstK bJh j? i' fe ;ko/ okiK ft¤u ;G s'A t¤X j?. fit/A fe nfXnkfJ^2 ftZu dZf;nk frnk
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oki dk ib ibdh jh Xosh j/mb/A ib ;q'sK ƒ ysw eo ;edk j?.
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ekoB g?dk j'J/ nkofEe ;zeN s'A T[GoD bJh you dh r[DtZsk ns/ oki d/ piN dh ;aky pj[s wjZst
oZydh j?.oki tk;s/ nkT[D tkb/ e[M ;kb u[D"sh Gog{o jB. N?e; wkbhnk ns/ ftek; do ftZu f;ZXk
;pzX j?, fJ; sZE s/ ftuko eofdnK id'A ftek; do Beokswe j[zdh j?, sK e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkdB
(ihHvhHgh) Bkb'A N?e; fJZemk eoB ftZu s/iah Bkb froktN nkT[Adh j?. nrb/ e[M ;kbK bJh N?e;
wkbhnk xZND dh ;zGktBk j?.wjKwkoh ;pzXh you/, ft;a/; s"o s/ f;js ns/ gfotkoK dh j'o ;jkfJsk
ns/ cowK d/ yofunK B{z T[Zuk oZyD bJh e?Auh gqGkt B{z bzp/ ;w/A sZe oZyD dh ;zGktBk j?.fJ; d/ Bkb
jh oki dh ftZsh ;fEsh gqGkfts j'D dh ;zGktBk j?.

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nkJhHNh :'r ;/tktK th xZN gqGkfts j[zdhnK jB.

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;z;EktK tZb tZXD Bkb fJZe spdhbh nkJh j?.

7H1 ;µy/g ikDekoh

ft¤sh ekor[Ikoh

gµikp fJ¤e ;EkJh ft¤sh okj *s/ j? fit/A fe N/pb 56 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j?.ftPt g¤Xo s/ pj[s jh
n;fEo nkofEe tksktoD d/ ubd/, gµikp B/ ;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ nB[;ko wkbhnk gqkgshnK
ft¤u 18H8 gqsh;as ns/ g{µihrs you/ ft¤u 714H2 gqsh;as dk tkXk doi ehsk j?.

;kb 2020^21 (piN nB[wkB) ftu brGr 88,004H31 eo'V o[gJ/ dhnK e[¤b wkbhnk gqkgshnK dk
nB[wkB j? i' fe 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ w[ekpb/ 19H0 gqsh;as dk tkXk j?.d{i/ gk;/, oki d/ wkb
you/ ftu ;kb 2020^21 (piN nB[wkB) ftu 10H52 gqsh;as dk tkXk j'D dk nB[wkB j? i' 95,716·04
eo'V o[gJ/ s¤e gj[µu/rk. wkb xkN/ dk Nhuk 7711·74 eo'V o[gJ/ (ihn?¤;vhgh dk 1H2 gqsh;as) o¤fynk
frnk j?. g{zihrs you ;kb 2020^21 (piZN nB[wkB) ftZu xZND 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) dk 47H4
gqsh;as dh ;zGktBk j?, idfe ftZsh xkNk ;kb 2020^21 (piZN nB[wkB) ftZu xZN e/ (ihHn?;HvhHgh dk
2H92#) 18,827H73 eo'V o[gJ/ j'D dk nB[wkB j?.
354
;koDh 56 gqw[¤y piN wZdK dk ;µy/g (o[gJ/ eo'VK ft¤u)

wZdK 2018-19 2019-20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) 2020-21 (piN nB[wkB)

1.wkb gqkgshnK (2+5) 62,269.08 73,975.08 88,004.31

2. eo wkbhnk
43,579.42 44,084.96 49,845.61
(3+4)

3. oki dk nkgDk eo wkbhnk 31,574.28 33,739.18 35,824.45

4. e/Adoh eoK ftZu fjZ;k 12,005.14 10,345.78 14,021.16

5. r?o eo wkbhnk
18,689.66 29,890.12 38,158.70
(6+7)
6. oki dk nkgD/ r?o eo
7,582.29 7,961.66 8,045.99
wkbhnk

7. e/Ado s'A roKNK 11,107.37 21,928.46 30,112.71

8. wkb youk 75,403.71 86,602.09 95,716.04

9. ftnki ndkfJrhnK 16,305.89 17,625.09 19,075.09

10. g{zih you 2,412.23 19,641.30 10,279.58

11. B?ZN b?fvzr (12-13) (-)512.39 15,242.89 (-)836.42

12. oki ;oeko tZb'A eoi/ ns/ g/;rhnK 1,361.05 820.87 881.82

13. eoi/ t;{bhnK ns/ g/;rhnK 846.66 16,063.76 45.40

14. c[ZNeb g{zihrs gqkgshnK 0.02 0 0

13,134.62 12,627.01 7,711.74

15. wkb xkNk (8-1)*
[2.52%] [2.20%] [1.20%]
16,059.23 17,025.42 18,827.73
16. ftZsh xkNk (10+11+15-14)*
[3.08%] [2.96%] [2.92%]
(-)246.66 (-)599.67 (-)247.36
17. wZ[Ybk xkNk (16-9)*
[-0.05%] [-0.10%] [-0.04%]
B'N: (+)w[Zb xkN/ B{z do;kT[d/ jB ns/ (-)w[Zb ;ogb; B{z do;kT[d/ jB.
;kXBL ;N/N ckJhBKf;ia n ;NZvh nkc piZN,nkoHphHnkJh
 355

7H2 wkbh gqkgshnK

wkb gqkgshnK dh pDso

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ns/ fteoh^eo gµikp d/ nkgD/ eo^wkbhnk ftu eqwtko 39H8 gqsh;as ns/ 16H0 gqsh;as dk tZvk :'rdkB
j?. ih n?; Nh s'A gfjbK d/ Pk;B ekb ftu 2011^12 s'A b? e/ j[D se fteoh^eo nkgD/ N?e; wkbhJ/
ftu ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB ;h. id fe, 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB n?;ihn?;Nh dk
;h ns/ ;kb 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) d/ d"okB fJ; dh ;fEsh fJj' ofjD dk nB[wkB j?.

e/Ado s'A fwbhnK rqKNK r?o^eo wkbhJ/ ftu pj[s t¤vk :'rdkB gkT[AdhnK jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk, ;kb
2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu oki d[nkok gqdkB ehshnK iKdhnK nkw ;/tktK ns/ ftnki dhnK gqkgshnK
66H7 gqsh;as ns/ 16H9 gqsh;as d/ :'rdkB Bkb oki d/ nkgD/ r?o^N?e; wkbhJ/ d/ w[¤Yb/ ;o's jB.

fuZso 100L wkb gqkgshnK dh pDso, 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB), (o[gJ/ eo'VK ftu)

wkb gqkgshnK
o[gJ/ 73975H08 eo'V

eo wkbhnk r?o eo wkbhnk o[gJ/ 29,890H12

eo'V (40H4#)
o[gJ/ 44084H96 eo'V (59H6#)

oki dk nkgD/ r?o eo e/Ado s'A roKNK

oki dk nkgDk eo
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wkbhnk o[gJ/ 33,739H18
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eo'V (76H5#)

n?z; ih n?z; Nh o[gJ/ nkw ;/tktK o[gJ/ ftnki gqkgshnK

fteoh eo o[gJ/ 5310H9 eo'V o[gJ/ 1342H9
5402 eo'V (16H0#) 13443 eo'V (39H8#)
(66H7#) eo'V (16H9#)

;kXBL ;N/N ckJhBKf;iaLn;NZvh nkc piZN,nkoHphHnkJh

356
oki dk nkgDk wkbhnk

oki dk nkgDk wkbhnk t;{bh ftu fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu 6H49 gqsh;as
dk tkXk j'fJnk j?. ;kb 2018^19 ftu oki dk nkgDk wkbhnk 39156H57 eo'V o[gJ/ ;h. ;kb 2018^19
(;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu fJj tZX e/ 41700H84 eo'V o[gJ/ j' frnk ns/ fJ; ftu nkgD/ N?e; d/ 33739H18
eo'V o[gJ/ ns/ nkgD/ ra?o^N?e; d/ 7961H66 eo'V o[gJ/ Pkwb jB (fu¤so 113)

oki dk nkgDk eo^wkbhnk

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fvT{NhnK ns/ n?;ihn?;Nh B/ ;µ:[es o{g Bkb gµikp dhnk N?e; t;{bh ftu 92H2 gqsh;as dk :'rdkB
gkfJnk id'A fe pkeh dh t;{bh nkwdB ns/ ikfJdkd ns/ g{µih b?D^d/D s/ b¤r/ N?e;K s'A j'Jh. fit/A fe
gfjbK d¤f;nk frnk j?, n?;ihn?;Nh ns/ fteoh eo, eqwtko, gµikp d/ nkgD/ N?e; wkbhnk ft¤u ;G s'A
t¤X :'rdkB gkT[Ad/ jB.;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftZu oki d/ nkgD/ eo wkbhJ/ dh ;w[Zuh ftek; do
6H0 gqsh;as ;h.

oki dk nkgDk r?o^eo wkbhnk

;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu oki ƒ nkw ;/tktK s'A gqkgs j'D ਚੁਣੇ ਗਏ ਰਾਜ� ਿਵਚ� 2019-20
tkb/ wkbhJ/ dk 66H7 gqsh;as r?o^N?e; wkbhJ/ s'A nkfJnk ;h.;kb (ਆਰ.ਈ.) ਿਵਚ ਜੀ.ਐ�ਸ.ਡੀ.ਪੀ.
2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu gµikp dk nkgDk r?o^N?e; wkbhnk
ਅਨੁਪਾਤ ਿਵਚ ਪੰ ਜਾਬ ਕੋਲ ਸਭ
7961H66 eo'V o[gJ/ fojk, i' fe ;kb 2012^13 s'A 17H14 gqsh;as dh
;hJ/ihnko Bkb tfXnk.fJ; ftu'A, 5310H95 eo'V o[gJ/ nkw ;/tktK ਤ� ਵੱ ਧ ਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਆਪਣਾ ਗ਼ੈਰ-
s'A nkJ/ id'A fe ftnki gqkgshnK B/ 1,342H94 eo'V o[gJ/ dk :'rdkB ਟੈਕਸ ਮਾਲੀਆ ਹੈ
gkfJnk.

;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ihn?;vhgh nB[gks d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp dk nkgDk r?o^N?e; wkbhnk
u'Dt/A okiK ftu'A ;G s'A t¤X j?.Gkt/A, ;kb 2013^14 ft¤u ih n?; vh gh nB[gks d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp dk
nkgDk r?o^N?e; wkbhnk 1H0 gqsh;as xZN j? .fJj nB[gks 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u tX e/ 1H4
gqsh;as tZXD dk nB[wkB j?, i' u'Dt/A okiK ft¤u ;G s'A t¤X j?.

e/Adoh spdhbhnK

e/Adoh spdhbhnK e/Adoh N?e;K ns/ e/Ado t¤b'A rqKN d/ fj¤;/ Bkb pDdhnK jB.oki d/ piN okjhA e/Adoh
:'iBktK bJh cµvK dh gqtkj ns/ 14t/A ft¤s efwPB dh fwnkd ft¤u t¤X ojh spdhbh d/ Bkb, e/Adoh
spkdb/ d/ fj¤;/ ft¤u tkXk j'fJnk j?.gzikp ftZu wkbhnk gqkgshnK ftu e/Adoh NqK;|oK dk fj¤;k 2011^12
ftu 22H9 gqsh;as s'A tX e/ 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu 43H6 gqsh;as j' frnk j?. spdhbhnK ftu tkX/
B/ oki ƒ nkgDh BkrfoeK dhnK ftek; dhnK Io{osK *s/ you eoB d/ :'r pDkfJnk.
 357

fu¤so 101Lwkbhnk gqkgshnK d/ gqshPs d/ s"o s/ e/Adoh spdhbhnK

35.0%

30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

5.0%

0.0%

;kXBL oki ft¤sLpiN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh

gµikp d/ e/Adoh N?e;K d/ fj¤;/ ftu ;hihn?;Nh, ekog'o/PB N?e; ns/ nkwdBh N?e; gqw[¤y 2019^20 (;'X/
nB[wkB) nB[;ko ekog'o/;aB N?e; :'rdkBh jB.

fJBQK fsµB N?e;K B/ ;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ;µ:[es o{g Bkb e/Adoh N?e;K ftu gµikp dk 90H8
gqsh;as fj¤;k gkfJnk. 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) nB[;ko ekog'o/;aB N?e; dk ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB 34H1
gqsh;as ;h.idfe 2020^21 (piN nB[wkB) ftZu fJ; dk :'rdkB 22H3 gqsh;as j'D dh T[whd j?.
2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu e[b rqKN 21928H46 eo'V o[gJ/ j?. ;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu oki
d/ r?o^N?e; wkbhnk ftu'A e/Ado s'A fwbhnK rqKNK 73H0 gqsh;as pDdhnK jB .
358
pke; 14L gµikp bJh e/Adoh spdhbhnK

e/Adoh N?e;K dh ;wsb tµv ftu gµikp dk fj¤;k gµit/A ft¤s efwPB ftu 2H45 gqsh;as s'A xN e/ 15t/A
ft¤s efwPB ftu 1H79 gqsh;as ofj frnk j?. frnkot/ ft¤s efwPB ftu fJj xN e/ 1H15 gqsh;as j'
frnk ;h go T[; s'A pknd fJ; ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?. fJj ft¤sh ;wo¤Ek nzso Bkb i[V/ p'MK d/ x¤N j'D
ekoB j' ;edk j? (frnkot//A ft¤s efwPB ft¤u 62H5 gqsh;as s'A gzdot/A ft¤s efwPB ft¤u 45 gqsh;as).
fuZso 102Le/Adoh N?e;K dh ;wsb tµv ftu gµikp dk fj¤;k
2.45% 2.38%
2.18%
1.71% 1.72% 1.79%
1.53% 1.58%
1.30% 1.39%
1.15%

V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV

tZy tZy e/Adoh ckJhBK; efw;B
;kXBL tZy tZy e/Adoh ftZs efw;aB.

14t/A ft¤s efwPB B/ tksktoD ns/ ibtk:{ dh ;µGkb gqsh okiK dh fIµw/tkoh ƒ ;wfMnk, i' fe fNekT{
nkofEe ftek; d/ nB[e{b j?. efwPB B/ iµrbK d/ eto ƒ fJe gfotosB wkgdµv ti'A Pkwb ehsk,fJ; dk
T[d/;a tZX izrbK d/ eto eoB tkb/ okiK B{z w[nktiak d/Dk ns/ fJ; soQK ;ko/ okiK bJh tksktoD ;pzXh bkG
gqdkB eoBk j? go T[; y/so ftZu nkofEe rshftXhnK d/ xkN d/ fj;kp Bkb bkrs f;oc ;pzXs okiK
d[nkok jh u[Zeh iKdh j?,id'A fe fJj T[s;akjiBe ftek; izrb d/ eto eoB B{z gqkgs BjhA eodk fit/A fe
eDe ns/ uktb dk T[sgkdB.;kb 2017^18 s' gzikp eDe ns/ uktb dk eqwtko 31 gqsh;as ns/ 38
gqsh;as e/Adoh nBki Gzvko ftu :'rdkB gkT[Adk j?, oki tZb'A g?dk ehs/ uktbK dk Bkwkso fjZ;k ;EkBe s"o
s/ ygs ehsk iKdk j?.uktb ns/ eDe d/ tX/o/ T[sgkdB ekoB iawhBh gkDh d/ gZXo ftu ewh nkJh j?.
;kb 2017 ftu gzikp ftu brGr 80 gqsh;as pbke b'V s'A tX/o/ gkDh dh tos'A tkbh ;qa/Dh ftu nkT[Ad/
jB.fJj tksktofDe you/ oki B{z jh ;fjB eoB/ g?Ad/ jB id'A fe bkG(uktb ns/ eDe dh ygs) ;ko/
okiK ftZu tzfvnk iKdk j?.
15t/A ft¤s efwPB B/ e[¤b iBDdo (NhHn?¤cHnkoH) d/ wkg dh tos'A eofdnK fJ¤e BtK gqdoPB^nXkos
wkgdµv ^ i' j? nkpkdh ;µpµXh ekor[Ikoh, nkoµG ehsk. nkpkdh ƒ fB:µsfos eoB dh Io{os *s/ I'o d/ e/,
efwPB B/ T[BQK okiK ƒ ;BwkfBs ehsk fijV/ x¤N NhHn?cHnkoH gqkgs eoB ftu ;|b oj/ jB ns/ gµikp
T[BQK ftu'A fJe j?. fit/A fe 6 t/A nfXnkfJ ftu fIeo ehsk frnk j?, gµikp B/ nkgDh tX ojh nkpkdh ƒ
o'eD ftu ns/ fJe iBD do ƒ jk;b eoB ftu ;cbsk gqkgs ehsh j? i' fe fJ; dh spdhbh do Bkb'A
x¤N j?. fJ; bJh, ;kb 1971 ftu Gkos dh nkpkdh ftu gµikp dh nkpkdh dk fj¤;k 2H49 gqsh;as s'A xN
e/ ;kb 2011 ftu 2H33 gqsh;as ofj frnk. gµikp dh seohpB 31H94 gqsh;as nkpkdh nB[;{fus iksh
torK Bkb ;pµXs j?. oki dhnK ftek; io{osK tX/o/ j[µdhnK jB, fJ; bJh ;w[fus ftek; bJh u'yh
;oekoh ;jkfJsk dh Io{os j[µdh j?. nB[;{fus ikshnK dh nkpkdh ƒ fJe wkgdµv ti'A Pkwb eoB Bkb
tX/o/ nkpkdh tkb/ okiK ƒ fJBQK jkPhJ/ *s/ gJ/ ;w{jK dhnK ftek; dhnK Io{osK ƒ g{ok eoB ftu tX/o/
ft¤sh ;o's fwbDr/. fJj gqfs ftnesh nkwdBh nzso d/ wkgdµv s'A go/ j?, i' ;/tktK d/ s[bBkswe g¤Xo
gqdkB eoB dh :'rsk ftub/ nµso ƒ ftukodk j?.
 359

wkbh gqkgshnK ft¤ub/ o[MkB

ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPs d/ s"o s/ gµikp dh

fu¤so 103Lgµikp bJh ih n?; vh gh d/ gqshPs ti'A
wkbhnk gqkgshnK (2011^12 s'A 2019^20 (;'X/ nkwdBh gqkgshnK ft¤u ;kb 2018^19 d/
nB[wkB) w[ekpb/ 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u tkXk
j'fJnk j? . (fu¤so 103) ihn?;vhgh dh
12.9% gqshPssk ti'A 2011^12 s'A 2018^19 d"okB
11.9% wkbhnk gqkgshnK 9H8 gqsh;as s'A 11H9
11.2%11.3% gqsh;as s'A rJhnK. idfe 2019^20 (;'X/
10.8%10.6%11.0%10.6%
nB[wkB) ft¤u 12H9 gqsh;as tkXk j'fJnk
9.8%
j?.

2011^12 ns/ 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB)

dofwnkB wkb gqkgshnK ftu d'r[D/ s'A tZX
tkXk j'fJnk. ;kb 2013^14 ns/ 2019^20
(;'X/ nB[wkB) ftueko wkbhnk gqkgshnK
;bkBk n";s do 12H8 gqsh;as d/ tkX/ Bkb

;kXBL ;N/N ckJhBKf;ia n;NZvh nkc piZN,nkoHphHnkJh

73,975H08 eo'V o[gJ/ j' ikD dk nB[wkB
j?.fJ; ftu'A 56H4 gqsh;as wkbhnK nkgD/
;o'sK s'A fJZeso ehsk ikt/rk id'A fe pkeh e/Adoh spdhbhnK ftu gqkgs ehsk ikt/rk.

fu¤so 104 do;kT[Adk j? fe gµikp e'b 2015^16 s'A 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ ftueko u'Dt/A okiK ft¤u
wkbhnk gqkgshnK dk ;G s'A t¤X ;hHJ/HihHnkoH j?.

21.4%

17.4% 17.3% 17.0%

14.3% 14.2%
13.0%
11.9%

5.2%

;kXBL ;N/N ckJhBKf;ia n;NZvh nkc piZN,nkoHphHnkJh

360
fJ; fwnkd d/ d"okB, s/bµrkBk ns/ jfonkDk s'A pknd gµikp dhnK wkbhnk gqkgshnK dk ;hHJ/HihHnkoH
17H3 gqsh;as ;h.gµikp dhnK wkbhnk gqkgshnK d/ T[¤u
;hHJ/HihHnkoH bJh gqw[¤y :'rdkB eosk r?o^eo wkbhnk j?,
gµikp e'b 2015^16 s'A 2019^20
fi; ft¤u oki dk nkgDk r?o^N?e; wkbhnk ns/ e/Ado s'A (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ ftueko u'Dt/A
fwbhnK rqKNK Pkwb jB. 2015^16 s'A 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) okiK ft¤u wkbhnk gqkgshnK dk ;G
d"okB oki dk r?o^eo wkbhnk 44H7 gqsh;as d/ ;hHJ/HihHnko s'A t¤X ;hHJ/HihHnkoH j?.
Bkb tfXnk j? id'A fe oki dk N?e; wkbhnk 6H2 gqsh;as d/
;hHJ/HihHnko Bkb tfXnk j?. r?o^N?e; wkbhnk d/ nµdo, oki
d/ nkgD/ r?o^N?e; wkbhJ/ ns/ e/Ado d[nkok fd¤shnK rJhnK rqKNK dk T[;/ ;w/A d"okB eqwtko 31H7
gqsh;as ns/ 51H4 gqsh;as dk ;hHJ/HihHnko ;h.

n?;HvhHihH ;µe/se 17H1H1 ;o's d/ nB[;ko ihn?¤;vhgh d/ gqshPs ti'A e[b ;oekoh wkbhnk

;koDh 57L ;kb 2015^16 s'A 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) bJh n";s ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPs d/ s"o s/

e/Adoh N?e;K e[Zb wkb

n?;NhTnko$ roKNk $
okiK ftZu fj;k$ n?;Tn?BNhnko gkqgshnK$
ihn?;vhgh ihn?;vhgh
ihn?;vhgh $ ihn?;vhgh ihn?;vhgh

nKXok gqd/P 6.4% 3.4% 0.6% 2.8% 13.2%

r[ioks 6.0% 1.5% 1.1% 1.2% 9.8%

jfonkDk 6.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.1% 9.4 %

eoBkNek 6.5% 2.2% 0.5% 1.7% 10.8%

e/obk 7.0% 2.4% 1.6% 1.4% 12.5%

wjkokPNok 7.2% 1.5% 0.7% 1.3% 10.7%

gzikp 6.3% 2.1% 1.2% 2.1% 11.7%

sfwbBkv{ 6.6% 1.7% 0.8% 1.5% 10.5%

s/bzrBK 7.4% 2.0% 1.4% 1.2% 12.0%

;kXBL oki ft¤sLpiN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh
B'NL n?;NhTnko- oki dk nkgDk eo^wkbhnk n?;Tn?BNhnko L oki dk nkgDk ra?o^eo wkbhnk

;koDh 57 s'A, fJj t/fynk ik ;edk j? fe ;kb 2015^16 s'A 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) bJh n";sB
ihn?¤;vhgh dh gqshPs d/ s"o s/, gµikp bJh wkbhnk gqkgshnK 11H7 gqsh;as ;B, i' r[ioks, jfonkDk,
eoBkNek, wjkokPNok ns/ skfwbBkv{ tor/ okiK Bkb'A tX/o/ j?.
 361

pke; 15L oki d/ ft¤sK *s/ t;sK ns/ ;/tktK d/ N?e; dk gqGkt

1 i[bkJh, 2017 s'A t;sK ns/ ;/tktK N?e; (ihHn?¤;HNhH) bkr{ j'D Bkb Gkos ;oeko ns/
t¤y^t¤y oki ;oekoK t¤b'A gfjbK brkJ/ rJ/ eJh nf;ZX/ N?e; fJ; d/ nµsors nk rJ/ ;B.
gµikp oki d[nkok brkJ/ rJ/ N?e;K ftu ih n?; Nh nXhB nkJ/ N?e;K ftu g?No'bhnw ns/ Pokp
*s/ b¤r/ t?N ƒ S¤v e/, e/Adoh fteoh N?e;, yohd N?e;, brIoh N?e;, n?ANoh N?e;, wB'oµiB
N?e; (;EkBe ;µ;EktK d[nkok brkJ/ s'A fJbktk), fJPfsjko N?e;, bkNohnK, ;¤N/pkIh ns/ i{nk
y/vD s/ N?e;, t;sK ns/ ;/tktK dh ;gbkJh Bkb ;pµXs ;N/N ;?; ns/ ;oukoi Pkwb jB.
t;sK ns/ ;/tktK N?e; (okiK ƒ w[nktIk) n?eN, 2017 d/ nB[;ko, okiK ƒ gµi ;kb dh fwnkd
bJh Gkt 30 i{B 2022 s¤e ;[o¤fyns wkbhJ/ dk Go';k fd¤sk frnk j?.Gkt 2015^16 ft¤u Pkwb
ehs/ rJ/ nf;ZX/ N?e;K d/ w[ekpb/ n;b e[b?ePBK Bkb'A 14 gqsh;as dh ftek; do ƒ wµBd/ j'J /
2017^18 s'A 2022^23 dh fwnkd bJh ;[o¤fyns wkbhJ/ dk nB[wkB j?. oki d/ tk;sfte
ihn?;Nh ns/ ;[o¤fyns wkbhJ/ ftuekob/ nµso dk w[nktIk Gkos ;oeko d[nkok fd¤sk frnk
j?.oki ƒ w[nktIk Gkos ;oeko d[nkok brkJ/ rJ/ ih n?; Nh w[nktIk ;?¤; okjhA fJe |µv ftu
iwQK eotke/ fd¤sk iKdk j?, fi; dk gqpµX th Gkos ;oeko eodh j?.
nkofEe wµdh d/ w¤d/Bio n?;ihn?;Nh t;{bh ftu ;zGkfts do s/ tkXk BjhA j'fJnk j?. w[yoih
2020 d/ nB[;ko, ;kb 2022^23 s¤e, i/eo ih n?; Nh w[nktIk pµd eo fd¤sk iKdk j?, sK gµikp
ƒ n;b n?;ihn?;Nh ns/ ;[o¤fyns wkbhJ/ ft¤u ekcah nµso fwb/rk. i/eo Gkos ;oeko okiK ƒ
w[nktIk d/Dk pµd eodh j?, sK fJ; dk oki d/ ft¤sK *s/ wj¤stg{oD n;o gJ/rk.g/go dh fog'oN
nB[;ko 2022^23 ftu wkbhnk nµso nB[wkBs n?; ih n?; Nh d/ 40 gqsh;as s'A t¤X j't/rk.
gµikp ;oeko fJ; gqGkt ƒ x¤N eoB bJh N?e; gqPk;B ftu b'VhAd/ T[gokb/ eo ojh j?. 30 i{B,
2018 s¤e, ihn?;Nhnko^3ph ns/ ihn?;Nhnko^1 foNoB ckJhfbµr ft¤u eqwtko 88H18 gqsh;as
ns/ 80H70 gqsh;as foNoB ckJhfbµr d/ Bkb gµikp gfjb/ Bµpo s/ j? (15 thA ft¤s efwPB ƒ
w?w'oµvw).oki ;oeko B/ ofi;Noh, foNoB dkyb eoB ns/ ihn?;Nh Bkb i[V/ j'o eµwK ft¤u
;hws eµfgT{No frnkB o¤yD tkb/ tgkohnK dh ;j{bs bJh, B"itkBK ƒ @ihn?;Nh fwsok@ ti'A
f;ybkJh fd¤sh j?. fJ; bJh w[nktI/ dh fwnkd ƒ gfjbK ebgBk ehsh rJh fwnkd dh s[bBk
ftu tXkT[Dk ;wMdkoh j't/rh.
;kXBL w[yoih, n?; (2020) Gkosh oki d/ ft¤ss/ ih n?; Nh w[nktI/ dh fwnkd s'A pknd ih n?; Nh w[nktIk tkg;
b?D dk ;µGkts gqGkt (Bµpo 20$291)

7H3H oki dk you

oki d/ you/ dh pDso
wkbh you

;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu 80H9 gqsh;as d/ fj¤;/ d/ Bkb, wkbh you oki d/ e[¤b you/ s/ Gko{ j?.
(fFuZso 105) wkbhJ/ dk youk, fijVk ;wkfie, nkofEe ns/ nkw ;/tktK d/ Bkb^Bkb ;EkBe ;µ;EktK ƒ
fd¤shnK ikD tkbhnK roKNK *s/ yofunK Bkb pfDnk j[µdk j?, 2013^14 ns/ 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/
ftueko d[¤rD/ s'A th t¤X j' frnk j?. ;kb 2013^14 ns/ 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftZu n";s ;bkBk
18# d/ tkX/ Bkb wkbhJ/ youk 86,602H09 eo'V o[gJ/ j' frnk j?. e[¤b yofunK ft¤u wkbhJ/ d/ yofunK
dk fj¤;k 2020^21 (piZN nB[wkB) ftZu 89H56# j'D dh T[whd j?.

;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;/tktK s/ yofunK dh tzv ;zs[fbs j?.e[Zb wkbhnk you/ ftZu 47 gqsh;as d/ fjZ;/ d/
Bkb ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;/tktK bJh ;z:[es you/ 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftZu 40,633H13 eo'V o[gJ/
362
;B. ;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftZu you/ dh tkX/ dh do fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ 39H4 gqsh;as ;h
id'fe nkofEe ;/tktK s/ fJj tkXk 56H8 gqsh;as ;h. y/shpkVh Bkb ;pzXs rshftXhnK ns/ T{oik B/ fwb
e/ 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftZu nkofEe ;/tktK d/ you/ ftZu 75H0 gqsh;as dk :'rdkB gkfJnk.

fuZso 105 e[Zb you dh ;ozuBk (eo'V o[gJ/ ftu)

e[Zb you
o[gJ/ 1,07,064H26 eo'V

gz{ihrs bkrs oki ;oeko d/ eoI/ ns/

wkbhnk you o[gJ/ 86,602H09 o[gJ/ 19,641H30 eo'V (18H35#) ndkFJrhnK o[gJ/ 820H87 eo'V
eo'V (80H89#) (0H77#)

;wkfie ;/tktK o[gJ/

21,878H2 eo'V (25H3#) ;wkfie ;/tktK o[gJ/
1539H65 eo'V
(7H84#)

nkofEe ;/tktK o[gJ/

18,754H94 eo'V (21H7#) ftek; o[gJ/
790H6 eo'V
nkofEe ;/tktK o[gJ/ (96H31#)
17,819H50 eo'V
(90H72#)
nkw ;/tktK o[gJ/
39,449H0 eo'V
(47H92#) r?o ftek; o[gJ/ 30H3
eo'V (3H69#)
nkw ;/tktK o[gJ/
282H15 eo'V (1H44#)
;jkfJsk rqkANK ns/ :'rdkB
o[gJ/ 6,519H95 eo'V
(7H53#)

: :

2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftZu f;¤fynk, y/vK, ebk ns/ ;fGnkuko, w?vheb ns/ iBse f;js ns/
;wkfie ;[o¤fynk ns/ GbkJh ftu ;wkfie ;/tktK d/ wkbhnk you/ ftu gqw[¤y :'rdkB gkT[D tkb/
jB.B"itkBK dh e[Pbsk ns/ T{oik ƒ ;ekokswe fdPk t¤b fbikT[D ns/ T[BQK ƒ Bf;anK s'A d{o o¤yD d/
w[ZYb/ T[d/P Bkb, gµikp B/ oki ftu f;¤fynk,y/vK, ebk ns/ ;fGnkuko d/ ftek; *s/ ftP/P fXnkB fd¤sk
j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk oki d/ nµdo bkG ftj[D/ torK dh tX/o/ nkpkdh ƒ d/yfdnK nB[;{fus ikshnK,
nB[;{fus iBikshnK ns/ j'o g¤SVhnK Pq/DhnK dh GbkJh bJh okyt/AeoD s/ yk; fXnkB fdZsk frnk j?.
;kb 2020^21 (piZN nB[wkB) ftZu ;wkfie ;/tktK ftZu yofunK bJh ehsk okytKeoD do;kT[Dk j? fe
f;fynk, y/vK, ebk ns/ ;fGnkuko gqw[Zy :'rdkB gkT[Dr/ .
 363

;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu nkw ;/tktK s/ j'J/ you nkwdBh yofunK dk 45H6 gqsh;as pDd/
jB.fi; ftZu ftnki ndkfJrh, g?BPBK ns/ gqpzXeh ;/tktK ;akwb jB. i' nkw ;/tktK yofunK dk t¤vk
fj¤;k pDdhnK jB ns/ ;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u wkbhJ/ d/ yofunK ft¤u fJ; dk 41H8 gqsh;as
dk fj¤;k ;h, i' u'Dt/A okiK Bkb'A fes/ t¤X j?.

;koDh 58L ezwK nB[;ko wkbhJ/ d/ yofunK dh pDso (nµeV/ e[b wkbhnk you/ d/ gqsh;as d/ o{g ft¤u jB )

2019-20
youk wZd 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
(RE)
;wkfie
28.4% 27.2% 29.5% 29.8% 28.3% 24.8% 24.3% 25.3%
;/tktK
f;Zfynk,y/vK
ebk 16.8% 15.4% 16.0% 17.1% 15.9% 14.9% 13.4% 13.2%
;fGnkuko
w?vheb ns/
iBse 4.1% 4.1% 4.7% 4.8% 4.8% 4.1% 3.9% 3.8%
f;js
;wkfie
;o[Zfynk 2.6% 2.4% 2.2% 2.0% 1.8% 1.6% 3.5% 3.7%
ns/ GbkJh
nkofEe
23.2% 23.1% 19.8% 19.5% 18.5% 17.9% 23.7% 21.7%
;/tktK
y/shpkVh
ns/ ;pzXs 3.2% 3.4% 8.1% 12.4% 10.3% 12.0% 16.4% 13.6%
rshftXhnK
f;zukJh ns/
2.7% 3.2% 2.6% 2.6% 2.3% 1.9% 1.6% 1.4%
jVQ o'eEkw
T{oik 12.8% 11.6% 5.4% 1.0% 3.0% 2.1% 2.9% 2.7%
T[d:'r ns/
0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.9% 2.5%
yfDi
nkw ;/tktK 47.1% 48.5% 49.4% 49.4% 51.5% 55.2% 49.0% 45.6%
ftnkia
17.3% 18.8% 19.2% 19.5% 21.1% 24.5% 21.6% 20.6%
gqkgshnK
gqpzXeh
12.2% 12.4% 12.3% 11.8% 12.2% 11.4% 10.1% 9.4%
;/tktK
g?B;aBa 15.1% 15.1% 15.6% 15.6% 15.9% 16.3% 13.4% 11.8%
roKNK 1.4% 1.3% 1.3% 1.4% 1.7% 2.1% 3.0% 7.5%
;kXBL oki ft¤sLpiN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh
364
g{µihrs you

;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu g{µihrs you ftZu T[¤u tkXk j'fJnk j?.gµikp d/ g{µihrs you
2018^19 d/ w[ekpb/ 714H2 gqsh;as d/ tkX/ d/ Bkb ;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftZu 19641H30 eo'V
o[gJ/ j' rJ/. fJj T[¤u ftek; do T{oik ns/ oki ft¤u t¤X ojh Pfjoh nkpkdh dhnK Io{osK ƒ g{ok
eoB fj¤s Pfjoh ftek; bJh g{µih fBoXkos eoB ekoB j'Jh j?. ftek; ;µpµXh nkd/PK d/ w¤d/BIo,
;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;/tktK bJh ;µ:[es tµv e[b fBoXkos g{µih dk 98H6 gqsh;as j?.(fuZso 105) e[¤b
yofunK ft¤u g{µih you dk nB[gks ;kb 2018^19 ft¤u 30H4 gqsh;as s'A tX e/ ;kb 2019^20 (;'X/
nB[wkB) ft¤u 18H35 gqsh;as j' frnk j?.

;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u ;wkfie ;/tktK dk e[¤b g{µihrs bkrs dk 7H84 gqsh;as dk :'rdkB
j?.(;koDh 59) ;wkfie ;/tktK ft¤u Pfjoh ftek;, f;¤fynk, y/vK, ebk ns/ ;¤fGnkuko, gkDh dh
;gbkJh ns/ ;?BhN/PB ;G s'A t¤v/ y/soK ft¤u Pkwb jB.;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) nB[;ko T[BQK dk
;KMk :'rdkB 81H65 gqsh;as fojk.

e[Zb g{zihrs bkrs dk 90H72 gqsh;as nkofEe ;/tktK s/ you ehsk ikt/rk . ;kb 2019^20 (;'X/
nB[wkB) ftZu nkofEe ;/tktK nXhB T{oik s/ ;G s'A tZX e[Zb g{zihrs bkrs dk 79H6 gqsh;as fjZ;k 15630
eo'V o[gJ/ you ehsk frnk.

;koDh 59L ekoiK g{µihrs bkrs dh pDso (nµeV/ e[¤b g{µihrs bkrs d/ gqshPssk d/ o{g ft¤u jB)

2019-
2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018-
youk wZd 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
(RE)
;wkfie 37.4% 42.3% 25.5% 27.1% 25.0% 39.0% 50.0% 7.8%
f;Zfynk,y/vK
9.8% 16.2% 4.9% 7.9% 5.1% 3.0% 9.9% 1.6%
ns/ ebk

Ib ;gbkJh
11.8% 9.3% 9.5% 10.8% 11.2% 23.0% 8.4% 1.9%
ns/ ;?BhN/;aB
;afjoh ftek; 8.7% 7.7% 8.2% 5.8% 4.6% 12.1% 25.8% 2.9%
nkofEe 54.1% 47.8% 66.4% 64.6% 69.3% 53.4% 44.0% 90.7%
g/Av{ ftek; 6.4% 5.9% 3.0% 2.9% 3.1% 2.9% 4.8% 1.3%
f;zukJh ns/ jVQ
26.5% 16.4% 21.1% 24.6% 29.1% 13.4% 12.4% 4.1%
ezNo'b

NoK;g'oN 12.0% 17.4% 31.0% 29.1% 31.1% 28.7% 18.7% 4.0%

nkw ;/tktK 8.5% 9.9% 8.1% 8.3% 5.7% 7.6% 6.0% 1.4%
;kXBL oki ft¤sL piN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh
 365

oki d/ you/ ftu o[MkB

;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu gµikp dk e[b

fuZso 106L e[b you/ dh gqshPssk ti'A ftek;
you
youk 35H2 gqsh;as tfXnk j?. ;kb 2018^19
ftu gµikp d/ e[b you/ 79176H99 eo'V o[gJ/
70.6%
;B i' fe 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu
56.5% 56.8%
50.2% 51.3%
107064H26 eo'V o[gJ/ s/ gj[µu rJ/. 2020^21 45.1%
(piN nB[wkB) d/ nB[wkB d¤;d/ jB fe fgSb/
;kb d/ w[ekpb/ oki d/ yofunK ftu 35H2
gqsh;as dk tkXk j't/rk.

fuZso 106 ftek; yofunK bJh okyt/A eoD

ft¤u tkXk do;kT[Adk j?.e[¤b yofunK ftu
;kXB L oki ft¤sL piN dk nfXn?B,nko ph nkJh
ftek; yofunK dh gqshPssk 2018^19 ftu
50H2 gqsh;as s'A tX e/ 2020^21 (piN
nB[wkB) ftu 51H3 gqsh;as j' rJh.

fJ; soQK ft¤sh p'M d/ pkti{d gµikp f;¤fynk, y/vK, ebk ns/ ;fGnkuko ns/ y/shpkVh ns/ ;jkfJe
fe¤fsnK d/ ftek; *s/ w[¤y fXnkB fdµd/ j'J/ ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;/tktK dh fpjso gqdkBrh d/ :'r fojk
j?.

pke; 16 oki d/ ft¤s *s/ iB;µfynk d/ gqGkt

Gkos dh e[¤b npkdh ftu gµikp dh nkpkdh dk fj¤;k 1971 ftu 2H49 gqsh;as s'A xN e/ 2011
ftu 2H33 gqsh;as ofj frnk j?. gµikp d/ fj¤;/ ftu 2041 se 2H07 gqsh;as dh j'o froktN
nkT[D dh T[whd j?. jkbKfe fJj ;oeko d[nkok bkr{ ehshnK t¤y^t¤y gfotko fB:'iB dhnK
gfjb edwhnK dk Bshik j?, go Gkos dh nkpkdh ft¤u x¤N oj/ fj¤;/ dk n;o e/Adoh
spdhbhnK s/ j't/rk.
15t/A ft¤s efwPB ns/ fgSb/ ft¤s efwPBK B/ nkpkdh dh gfjukD e/Adoh N?e;K dh ;wsb
fj¤;/dkoh ftu okiK d/ fj¤;/ ƒ fBoXkos eoB d/ fJe wkgdµv ti'A ehsh j?. fJe¤b/ nkpkdh d/
wkgdµv s'A fJbktk, nkwdBh nµso, iB;µfynk gqdoPB ns/ N?e; :sB tor/ j'o wkgdµv nkpkdh
d[nkok Bkg/ iKd/ jB. fJ; bJh, i/eo pknd tkb/ ft¤s efwPB okiK d/ fj¤;/ ƒ fBoXkos eoB
bJh nkpkdh d/ skIk nµefVnK dh tos'A dh f;ckoP eod/ jB, sK T[j oki i' nkgDh nkpkdh ƒ
fB:µsfos eoB d/ :'r j'J/ jB, B[e;kB T[mkT[Dr/.
fJ; s'A fJbktk, fit/A fe gfjb/ nfXnkfJ ftu d¤f;nk frnk j?, nkpkdh pI[or T[wo tor t¤b
tXD ekoB gµikp ftu iB;µfynk spdhbh t/yh ik ;edh j?. fJ; Bkb oki ƒ ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk
ft¤u Gkoh fBt/P eoB dh Io{os j't/rh fi; Bkb oki d/ ft¤s *s/ p'M g? ;edk j?.

;kXB: ft¤s efwPB dhnK eJh fog'oNK ns/ nkofEe ;ot/yD, 2018^19
366
gqw[¤y ft¤sh ;{ue

fgSb/ ;kbK d"okB xkN/ d/ ;{ueK T[s/ gµikp dh ekor[Ikoh B/ ;fEosk d/ ;µe/s do;kJ/ jB. (fu¤so 107)
fJj nB[wkB brkfJnk frnk j? fe gµikp dk wkbhnk xkNk fgSb/ ;kb d/ 1H2 gqsh;as d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb
2020^21 (piN nB[wkB) ftu ihn?¤;vhgh d/ 2H2 gqsh;as s¤e ;hfws oj/rk. wkbhnk tkX/ ƒ gqkgs eoB
bJh ;ziwh eoI gqpµX BhshnK bkr{ ehshnK ik ojhnK jB feT[Afe oki B/ ;kb 2017^18 ftu w[ZYbk tkXk
gqkgs ehsk ;h.

2018^19 ftu gµikp dk ft¤sh xkNk 3H1 gqsh;as ;h. ;oeko B/ ftZsh ;kb 2020^21 (piZN
nB[wkB) d"okB ftZsh xkN/ B{z 2H9 gqsh;as s/ o'eD dk nB[wkB brkfJnk j?.Gkt/A,oki B/ ni/ s¤e gµikp
ft¤sh fIµw/tkoh ns/ piN gqpµX (n?c nko ph n?w) n?eN 2003 (;'X 2006) ft¤u fBoXkos ehs/ nB[;ko
xkN/ d/ ;µe/sK d/ NhfunK ƒ ni/ gqkgs BjhA ehsk j?, go fJ; B/ GbkJh ;ehwK ns/ ftek; ekoiK gqsh
nkgDhnK fIµw/tkohnK s'A w[es j'J/ fpBK, ft¤sh ;fEsh ft¤u ;[Xko bJh fBoµso :sB ehs/ jB.

fu¤so 107Lih n?; vh gh dh gqshPs ti'A gµikp d/ w[¤y ft¤sh ;µe/se

oki xkN/ d/ ;ze/s ;fEosk d/ fBµkB B{z do;kT[d/ jB

3.5
3.1 3 2.9
3 2.7
2.5
2.5 2.2
2
2

1.5 1.2
1

0.5
0 0
0
-0.1
-0.5
-0.6
-1

B'N: (+)w[b
Z xkN/ B{z do;kT[d/ jB ns/ (-)w[Zb ;ogb; B{z do;kT[d/ jB.
;kXBL ;N/N ckJhfB;ia Ln;NZvh nkc piZN,nkoHphHnkJh
 367

fu¤so 108L 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u j'o okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikpd/ xkN/ d/ ;{ue (ihn?¤;vhgh dh
gqshPs ti'A)

4.5 4.2
4.0

3.5
3.0 3.03.0
3.0 2.7 2.8 2.7
2.5
2.5 2.2 2.3 2.3
2.0
2.0 1.8
1.6 1.5
1.4 1.3
1.5 1.2
1.1
0.9 0.9 0.8
1.0

0.5 0.3
0.0 0.0
0.0
-0.1 -0.1
-0.5

;kXBL ;N/N ckJhfB;ia Ln;NZvh nkc piZN,nkoHphHnkJh

B'N: (+)w[b
Z xkN/ B{z do;kT[d/ jB ns/ (-)w[Zb ;ogb; B{z do;kT[d/ jB.

2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ih n?; vh gh dh gqshPs ti'A gµikp dk w[¤Ybk xkNk u'Dt/A okiK ftu'A ;G s'A
x¤N j?. fu¤so 108, ;kb 2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d"okB u'Dt/A okiK d/ w[ekpb/ ih n?¤; vh gh dh
gqshPssk ti'A gµikp bJh s[bBkswe s"o s/ tX/o/ wkbhnk ns/ ft¤sh xkN/ dk ;µe/s eodk j?. jkbKfe,
2019^20 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu u'Dt/A okiK ftu'A gµikp ftu ;G s'A x¤N w[¤Ybk xkNk (ihn?; vhgh dh
gqshPssk ti'A) j?. Bk e/tb fJj fJBQK okiK ftu ;G s'A x¤N j?, ;r'A fJj n;EkJh s"o ‘s/ th xN fojk
j?.id'A w[¤Ybk xkNk xNdk j?, fJj ;µe/s eodk j? fe oki dh e[¤b eoIk b?D dh Io{os x¤N rJh j? sK i'
w"i{dk ghVQh d/ Bkb^Bkb nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK th x¤N eoI/ d/ p'M dk ;kjwDk eoB. fJj iBse ;o'sK
dh tµv ftu nµso^ghVQh fJe;kosk fbnkT[Adk j?. fJj nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK ƒ toswkB ghVQh dk Gko
u[¤eD BjhA d/t/rk.

7H4 iBse eoIk ns/ j'o d/DdkohnK

oki dhnK d/DdkohnK
e[Zb pekfJnk d/DdkohnK

31 wkou, 2021 s¤e gµikp dhnK e[b pekfJnk d/DdkohnK 249187H1 eo'V o[gJ/ ;B. fu¤so 109 ;kb
2003 s'A 2021 s¤e ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPssk ti'A oki dhnK e[b pekfJnk d/DdkohnK do;kT[Adk j?.
2007 ns/ 2015 d/ ftueko ihn?;vhgh nB[gks gqsh pekfJnk d/DdkohnK ft¤u fBoµso froktN dk o[MkB
d/fynk ik ;edk ;h. idfe, 2017 ft¤u nB[gks ft¤u 42H8 gqsh;as dk s/Ih Bkb tkXk j'fJnk. fJj w[Zy
s"o s/ d' ekoBK eoe/ ;h,feT[aAfe gfjbK fJZe bzwh fwnkd d/ Nhu/ bJh 30584H11 eo'V o[gJ/ dh e?;a
eo?fvN fbwN dk nzso j?.
368
15t/A ftZs efw;aB d/ w?w'ozvw d/ nB[;ko ;kb 2016^17 bJh foiaot p?Ae nkc fJzvhnk ns/ ftZs wzsokb/
tZb'A (J/);oeko d[nkok pzd'p;s s'A fJBekoh (ph) nkT[D tkb/ yohd w";w, (;h) Brd T[Xko dh ;hwk ns/
nBkia d/ Gzvko dh ehws d/ ftueko fJZeso j'J/ nzso (vh)foiaot p?Ae nkc fJzvhnk tZb'A cfvzr p?AeK dh
rbs nB[e{bsk gqdkB eoB bJh fd;ak fBod/;a (Jh) e?;a eo?fvN fbwN dh ;j{bs B{z n;theko eoBk ;h.

:
60

40
(in %)

20

d{ik UDAY ;ehw nXhB gzikp oki fpibh ekog'o/;aB fbwfNv d/ 15628 eo'V d/ eoi B{z oki piZN
ftZu spdhb eoB Bkb tkX{ eoia ftZu tkXk j'fJnk j?. DISCOM d/ ftZu ekoi;ahb ns/ ftZsh pdbkn
fbnkT[D bJh fJj edw u[Zfenk frnk ;h. e[Zb pekfJnk d/DdkohnK ;kb 2018 ftZu xZN e/ ihHn?;HvhHgh
dk 40H7 gqsh;as s/ 2019 ftZu 40H3 gqsh;as j' rJhnK ns/ oki tZb'A eoiak gqzpXB BhshnK bkr{ eoe/ ;kb
2021 (piZN nB[wkB) sZe fJj eoia/ j'o xZN e/ ihHn?;HvhHgh dk 38H7 gqsh;as j'D dk nB[wkB j?.

wkou 2021 d/ nµs s¤e oki ftek; eoia/ dk gµikp dhnK pekfJnk d/DdkohnK dk 59 gqsh;as pDB dk
nB[wkB j?. n?; vh n?b y[¤b/ pkIko ftu'A cµv i[NkT[D bJh okiK tk;s/ wkoehN w[yh :µso jB. fJBQK ƒ
ikoh eoB dh ;j{bs nko ph nkJh d[nkok ehsh rJh j? ns/ ftnki dh do Bhbkwh d[nkok fBoXkos
ehsh iKdh j?. fJ; bJh fe;/ oki dh fJe wip{s ft¤sh ;fEsh fJ; ƒ x¤N ftnkI do *s/ wkoehN s'A
eoIk b?D d/ :'r pDkJ/rh.
 369

fuZso 110L ih n?; vh gh dh gqshPssk (wkou 2020 d/ nµs s¤e) ti'A gµikp dhnK pekfJnk
d/DdkohnK

100%
7%
90%
14%
10%
80% 6% 9%
5%
70%
11% 4%
60%
50%
40%
30% 59% 65%
20%
10%
0%

;kXBL oki ft¤sLpiN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh

j'o ;kwb (T)w[nktiak ns/ j'o pKv ;akwb jB,(n) nkophnkJh s'A vpb:{n?wJ/ (J) ;?No s'A b'B (;)
foiaot czv (j) iwQK ns/ T[Zdw (e) ;zeNekbhB czv

fu¤so 110 ftu wkou, 2021 d/ nµs s¤e u'Dt/A okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp dhnK pekfJnk d/DdkohnK dh
pDso g/P ehsh rJh j?. fJj B'N ehsk ik ;edk j? fe oki ftek; eoI/, p?AeK ns/ ft¤sh ;µ;EktK s'A
eoI/ ns/ gqkthv?AN cµv gµikp dhnK pekfJnk d/DdkohnK ftu gqw[¤y :'rdkB gkT[Ad/ jB. :{vhJ/tkJh
:'iBk nXhB fd¤s/ eoI/ th oki dhnK e[b pekfJnk d/DdkohnK ftu brGr 6 gqsh;as dk wj¤stg{oB
fj¤;k gkT[Ad/ jB.

gµikp t¤b'A, n?;HvhHn?bI (y[¤b/ pkIko d/ eoI/) ns/ p?AeK ns/ ft¤sh ndkfonK s'A eoI/ t¤b tXD Bkb
pekfJnk d/DdkohnK dh pDso dk fJ¤e gfotosB j'fJnk j?. fit/A fe fu¤so 111 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk
j?, n?;HvhHn?bI ns/ n?BHn?;Hn?;Hn?c (B?PBb ;wkb ;/ftµrI cµv) wkou 2011 d/ nµs s¤e pekfJnk
d/DdkohnK ft¤u ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB gkT[D tkb/ ;B, fiBQK B/ eqwtko 38H4 gqsh;as ns/ 30H1 gqsh;as dk
:'rdkB gkfJnk. idfe, wkou 2021 d/ nµs s¤e, n?; vh n?b dk fj¤;k 59 gqsh;as s¤e tfXnk. fJ;
s'A fJbktk, pj[s/ okiK ns/ e/Ado Pk;s gqd/PK ƒ n?BH n?;H n?;H n?c d/ x/o/ s'A pkjo eoB dhnK 14t/A
ft¤s efwPB dhnK f;ckoPK Bkb, 2021 ftu n?BH n?;H n?;H n?c dk fj¤;k xNe/ 6 gqsh;as ofj frnk
j?.
370

fu¤so 111Lgµikp d/ eoI/ dh pDso ftu spdhbh

eoia/ gqsh ihn?;vhgh ;pzXh d/DdkohnK

100%
10% 7%
90% 10%
80% 15%
11%
70% 6%
6%
60% 6%
30%
50%
40% 0%
30% 59%
20% 38%
10%
0%

;kXBL oki ft¤sLpiN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh j'o ;kwb (T)w[nktiak ns/ j'o pKv ;akwb jB,(n) nkophnkJh s'A
vpb:{n?wJ/ (J) ;?No s'A b'B (;) foiaot czv (j) iwQK ns/ T[Zdw (e) ;zeNekbhB czv

7H5 iBse ft¤sh gqpµXB ;[Xko dhnK gfjb edwhnK

;w{fje ft¤sh gqpµXB gqDkbh (nkJh n?c n?w n?;)L nkJhHn?cHn?wHn?; oki d[nkok ubkJh rJh fJe ft¤sh
gqpµXB gqDkbh j? i' fJ¤e gqGktPkbh cµv gqtkj gqDkbh d/ Bkb Bkb G[rskB^s/^b/ykgqDkbh B?N toe dh
;EkgBk d[nkok gµikp ;oeko ƒ tXhnk iBse ft¤sh gqpµXB dh ;j{bs gqdkB eodh j?.

Jh^e[p/o Bkb J/eheoDL Jh^e[p/o G[rskBK ns/ gqkgshnK dh gqfefonk bJh nko ph nkJh dk e'o p?Afeµr
;kfbT{PB (;h ph n?;) j?. Jh^e[p/o d/ Jh^G[rskB wkvb ftu, G[rskBK s/ f;¤Xh ekotkJh nko ph nkJh
d[nkok ehsh iKdh j?, fi; Bkb J/iµ;h p?AeK dh G{fwek ns/ T[BQK d/ Bshi/ ftu d/oh ysw j' iKdh j?.
Jh^e[po/ d/ Jh^o;hd d/ wkvb ftu, t¤y^t¤y ;/tktK bJh ;oekoh o;hdK dh fog'ofNµr p?AeK d[nkok nko
ph nkJh ƒ ehsh iKdh j? ns/ nko ph nkJh d[nkok oki ƒ fJe ;µrfms o;hd dh fog'ofNµr ehsh iKdh
j?.

;kJhpo yIkBk g'oNbL oki B/ t¤y^t¤y ;oekoh ;/tktK bJh BkrfoeK ns/ ;oeko dofwnkB nk¤BbkJhB
gqDkbh okjhA b?D^d/D dh ;j{bs bJh fJe ;kJhpo yIkBk g'oNb (;h Nh gh) ftef;s ehsk j?. fJj fJe
;[o¤fyns g'oNb j? i' 24%7 (24 xzN/) T[gbpX j?, fi; d[nkok Bkrfoe ed/ th, fes/ th ;oekoh N?e;
$ch; ubkB nkfd dk G[rskB eo ;ed/ jB. g'oNb ƒ n?B n?; vh n?b (g/^r't) d/ g/w?AN r/Nt/ Bkb i'V
fd¤sk frnk j?, fi; Bkb brGr 65 p?AeK d[nkok fJµNoB?N p?Afeµr okjhA BkrfoeK ƒ G[rskB dh ;[ftXk
gqdkB ehsh ik ojh j?. fJ; ƒ n?; ph nkJh d/ G[rskB r/Nt/ Bkb i'fVnk frnk j? fi; dk Bkw wbNhgb
nkgPB g/w?AN f;;Nw (n?w Ugh n?;) j? i' BkrfoeK ƒ v?fpN ekov, eq?fvN ekov ns/ fJµNoB?N p?Afeµr
d[nkok G[rskB dh ;j{bs gqdkB eodk j?.

oki B/ ;hHNhHghH ƒ nkoHphHnkJhHd/ Jh^e[p/o gqDkbh Bkb i'VB dk c?;bk th ehsk j?, feT[Afe Jh^e[p/o
Bkb i[VBk J/iµ;h p?AeK d[nkok ;oekoh gqkgshnK dh fog'ofNµr ƒ ;[uko{ pDkJ/rk. g'oNb ƒ 31nes{po,
2018 s'A P[o{ eo fd¤sk frnk j?.
 371

gpfbe ft¤sh gqpµXB gqDkbh (ghHn?¤cHn?¤wHn?¤;H)LghHn?¤cHn?¤wHn?¤;Hg'oNb j? i' Gkos ;oeko d[nkok

e/Adoh ;gK;ov ;ehwK (;h n?; n?;) bJh fJe^fJe bkG gksoh s¤e cµvK dh tµv *s/ fBrokBh o¤yD bJh
fsnko ehsk frnk j?. ;h n?; n?; d/ nXhB cµvK d/ you/ d/ ;pµX ft¤u oki d/ yIkB/ s'A Gkos ;oeko ƒ
fBoµso vkNk gqtkB eoB bJh gµikp oki B/ nkgD/ nkJhHn?cHn?;Hn?; ƒ ghHn?cHn?wHn?; Bkb J/ehfeqs
ehsk j?. oki B/ gfjbK jh nkJhHn?¤cHn?¤wHn?¤;H ft¤u ;kb 2018^19 bJh e/Adoh gq:'fis ;ehwK 38
:'iBktK ftu'A 33 w?g eo bJhnK jB.

wB[¤yh ;o's gqpµXB gqDkbh (n?u nko n?w n?;)Lgµikp ;oekoB/ @wkBt ;µgdk@, n?BHnkJhH;h d[nkok
;oekoh eowukohnK d/ ;oft; foekovK d/ eµfgT{NoheoB bJh fsnko ehsk fJe ;k¤cNt/no ngDkfJnk
j?. fJj ;k¤cNt/no oki d/ ;ko/ gqPk;eh ftGkrK ft¤u bkr{ ehsk frnk j?, fi; sfjs ;ko/ eowukohnK
d/ sBykj fp¤bK ns/ T[BQK dh Jh^;oft; dhnK feskpK f;;Nw s/ fsnko ehshnK rJhnK jB.

g?BPBoK dk vkNkp/; ns/ w'pkJhb n?gL oki B/ nkJh n?c n?w n?; ftu nkgD/ g?BPBoK dk f;µrb
fJb?eNqkfBe vkNk p/; th fsnko ehsk j?. g?BPBoK d/ v/Nkp/; dh T[gbpXsk Bkb ;oeko ftneshrs
g?BPBK dh ;t?^iKu s'A fJbktk fJ; d/ g?BPB p'M, Bhshrs dyb nµdkIh d/ ;µGkfts BshfinK dk ;jh
nB[wkB brk ;edh j?.

tkjB gqpµXB gqDkbh (thHn?¤wHn?¤;H)LthHn?¤wHn?¤; ;oeko d/ t¤y^t¤y ftGkrK ftu ;oeko d[nkok
wkbehns ;ko/ tkjBK dk fJe' vkNkp/; fsnko eoB tkbh fJe t?¤p nXkos n?gbhe/PB j?. fJj ftP/P
s"o s/ fe;/ nk|s d/ ;w/A tkjBK dh ;op'sw T[g:'rsk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Adh j?, ghUn?b (g?No'bhnw, s/b
ns/ b[pohe?AN;) ns/ gqpX
µ B yofunK dk ;jh nB[wkB brkT[Adh j?, ns/ fJ; soQK, T[fus piN pDkT[D
ft¤u ;jkfJsk eodhj?. f;;Nw ƒ 01, wkou 2018 s'A ;cbsk g{ote bkr{ ehsk frnk j?.

Jh^okiL Jh^oki ;oeko d/ t¤y^t¤y ftGkrK ftu ;oeko dh wkbeh tkbh ikfJdkd (IwhB$fJwkosK) dk
fJe vkNkp/; fsnko eoB tkbh fJe t?¤p nXkos n?gbhe/PB j?. fJj ;oeko e'b T[gbp¤X p[fBnkdh
YKu/ dk vkNkp/; fsnko eodh j? ns/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ dh ;op'sw tos'A bJh fpjso Bhshrs c?;fbnK
ftu ;oeko dh ;jkfJsk eodh j?.
372
 nfXnkfJ 8L oki gqpµX

oki gqpµX ;oeko d[nkok iBse ;/tktK gqdkB eoB ns/ ekB{zB d/ ;ak;aB B{z bkr{ eoB dh :'rsk B{z
do;kT[Adk j?. ;[uZik oki gqpzX ;wkBsk ns/ fBnK, gkodo;ask, itkpd/jh, fiazw/tkoh ns/ ftnkge iBse
Gkrhdkoh B{z :ehBh pDkT[Adk j?. oki gqpzX B{z fpjso pBkT[D bJh tZy tZy wkgdzv ngDkT[d/ j'J/ gµikp
dk ;fEo ftek; Nhuk 16L PKsh, fBnK ns/ wIp{s ;µ;EktK (n?;HvhHihH fJµv?e;, Bhsh nk:'r 2019^20)
s/ gqrsh ftZu Gkos ft¤u f;yo d/ okiK ft¤u'A fJ¤e j?. fJ; fdPk ftu u[¤e/ rJ/ e[M edw fJ; gqeko jBL
g[fb; fPekfJsK dk gsk brkT[D bJh, ngokX ns/ ngokXh No?feµr B?Ntoe ns/ gqDkbhnK
(;h;hNhn?Bn?;) gq'i?eeN bkr{ eoBk ,fJ¤e BtK b'egkb ekƒB bkr{ eoBk fi; ftZu b'egkb ƒ w[¤y wµsoh
ns/ wµsohnK ;w/s ;ko/ g¤XoK s/ B"eoPkjh fto[¤X fPekfJsK s/ ekotkJh eoB dk nfXeko fdZsk frnk,
oki^gqpµX B?fsesk ns/ ;[Xko efwPB dh ;EkgBk, iBse ;/tktK dh ;g[odrh ftu gµikp gkodoPsk ns/
itkpd/jh n?eN bkr{ eoBk, ns/ gkodoPsk tXkT[D bJh iBse yohd n?eN 2019 fbnkT[Dk. oki B/
;{uBk ns/ ;µuko N?eBkb'ih (nkJhH;hHNhH) dk th bkG T[mkfJnk j? ns/ iBse ;/tktK dh ;g[odrh ns/
;oeko d/ eµweki ftu fJe fw;kbh spdhbh fbnkT[D d/ T[d/P Bkb t¤y^t¤y Jh^rtoB?A; gfjbedwhnK
g/P ehshnK jB.oki ;oeko B/ ;kohnK ;EkBe ;oekoK B{z wiap{sh gqdkB eoB d/ wzst Bkb 18 ekoi
;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK (:{Hn?bHphH) ns/ 13 ekoigzukfJsh oki ;z;EktK (ghHnkoHph) B{z Gkosh ;zftXkB
nB[;ko spdhb eo fdZsk j?.

8H1 ikD^gSkD
oki ;oeko T[gbZpX ;o'sK s'A b'VhAd/ Bshi/ gqkgs eoB ftZu nfjw G{fwek ndk eodk j?. gzikp ;oeko
;[u¤i/ oki^gqpµX B{z wiap{s eoB bJh puBpZX j? i' pokpoh ns/ fBnK, gkodoPsk, itkpd/jh, fiµw/tkoh
ns/ ftnkge iBse ;aw{bhns ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Adk j?. fJj nfXnkfJ gµikp d/ gq;µr ftu oki^gqpµX d/
t¤y t¤y s¤sK pko/ ftuko tNKdoK eodk j?. fJBQK s¤sK ftu Pkwb jBL

• ekƒB ftt;Ek
• fGqPNkuko dk w[ekpbk
• Jh^rtoB?A;
• gkodoPsk ns/
• ;EkBe ;µ;EktK dk ;PesheoB
fJj nfXnkfJ oki ;oeko d[nkok wiap{s gq;ak;B d/ YKfunK ns/ gqfefonktK ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D bJh oki
;oeko d[nkok ehshnk rJhnK t¤y^t¤y gfjbedwhnK s/ th ukBDk gkT[Adk j?.
;fEo ftek; Nhuk 16L PKsh, fBnK ns/ wIp{s ;µ;EktK d/ gqdpPB ftZu Bhsh nk:'r d/ n?;HvhHihH ;{uek
nµe 2019^20 nB[;ko gµikp 83 nzeK d/ ;e'o Bkb fJ; Nhu/ ftZu w'joh oki j?. okPNoh g¤Xo s/ fJj
nµe 72 j?. oki^gqpµX d/ y/so ftu gµikp ;oeko dhnK gfjbedwhnK dk gqGkt fJ; Nhu/ s/ oki d/ S/t/A
doi/ s/ j'D s'A ;g¤PN j?. 29 okiK ftu'A oki ftu gqsh 100,000 nkpkdh (fbµr dh T[wo ns/ P'PD dh
fe;w nB[;ko) fg¤S/ wB[¤yh s;eoh d/ fPeko j'J/ b'eK dh frDsh ns/ ;ohoe wB'ftfrnkBe iK fiB;h
fjµ;k d/ nXhB nkpkdh dk nB[gks ;G s'A x¤N j?.
374

pke; 17L eh fpjso gq;ak;B fpjso ftek; d/ BshfinK t¤b b? iKdk j?<
Pk;B ƒ T[BQK ‘goµgoktK ns/ ;µ;EktK ti'A gfoGkPs ehsk iKdk j? fiBQK d[nkok fe;/ d/P ft¤u nfXeko dk
fJ;s/wkb ehsk iKdk j?’ (e"cw?B n?N nb, 1999). fJ; ft¤u okiBhfse gqfefonk Pkwb j' ;edh j? i'
fJj fBoXkos eodh j? fe ;oeko fet/A pDh j? (T[dkjoD ti'A b'esµso pBkw fJ¤e gkoNh Pk;B), Bhsh
fBowkD ns/ gqPk;B ft¤u gqGktPhbsk, ns/ ftXkB ;Gk, fBnKgkfbek, nca;oPkjh, whvhnk nkfd
torhnK ;µ;EktK dh r[Dt¤sk. b/yB ftZu, Pk;B ns/ ;µ;EktK ftek; ns/ ftek; ft¤u wj¤stg{oD G{fwek
ti'A t/yhnK iKdhnK jB. fJ; ft;a/ Bkb ;pzfXs ;kfjs ;Zwroh ftu, gqPk;B ns/ ;µ;EktK dh G{fwek ƒ
tkX/ ns/ ftek; ft¤u wj¤stg{oD wµfBnk frnk j?.
T[dkjoD ti'A, e"cw?B J/N nb (1999) B/ f;¤Nk e¤fYnk fe ;[u¤ik oki^gqpµX ftek; d/ BshfinK ƒ
;ekokswe s"o s/ gqGkts eodk j?. fJ; d/ bJh, T[j ‘oki^gqpµX* ;{ueK dk fJ¤e vkNkp/; fsnko eod/
jB fi; ft¤u S/ ;w{jK ft¤u ikDekoh gqkgs ehsh iKdh j?L “nktkI ns/ itkpd/jh@ ns/ “okiBhfse
n;fEosk ns/ fjµ;k@, I' fwb e/ fBog¤ysk iK ;"y ƒ do;kT[AdhnK jB fi; Bkb ;oeko pdbdh j?l
“;oeko dh gqGktPhbsk@ ns/ “fB:we p'M@ ;oekoh Bhsh fBowkD ft¤u ekoie[Pbsk ƒ jk;b eod/
jBl ns/ “ekƒB dk Pk;B@ ns/ “tZYh@ oki ns/ BkrfoeK dk ndkfonK ft¤u ftPtk; wkgd/ jB. jo/e
;{ue ftub/ nµeV/ wkjoK iK BkrfoeK d/ okPNoh ;ot/yDK d/ ftukoK *s/ nXkos j[µd/ jB. fco T[j
oki^gqpµX ;{ueK ns/ ftek; d/ BshfinK fit/A fe gqsh ftnesh nkwdB, pkb w"s do ns/ pkbr ;kyosk
d/ jo/e ;w{j ft¤u ;ekokswe nkg;h ;pµX b¤Gd/ jB.
n?;w'rb, i"B;B ns/ okfpB;B (2001l 2002) fJj gsk brkT[D bJh tX/o/ ;{yw ;kXB dh tos'A eod/
jB fi; Bkb g{oph :{oghnB T[gfBt/PK ft¤u, d/PK dh gqsh ftnesh nkwdBh ft¤u nµso, p;shtkd d/
;w/A n";s w"s do ns/ nkpkdh dh xDsk ft¤u nµso d[nkok ;wMkfJnk ik ;edk j?. pknd tkb/ T[BQK
;µ;EktK dh gqfeosh bJh pdb ti'A tos/ iKd/ jB i' fJ¤E/ fte;s j'J/ ns/ ekfJw oj/. nfijk fJ; bJh
j? feT[Afe p;shnK ftubhnK ;µ;EktK dk ;[Gkn fJ; r¤b s/ t¤yok ;h fe eh p;shtkdhnK B/ ya[d fJ¤E/
t¤vh frDsh ftu (nwohek, eB/vk, nk;No/bhnk ns/ fBT{Ihb?Av) t¤; rJ/ ;h iK BjhA ^ ncohek,
w¤X^nwohek, e?o/phnB ns/ d¤yDh J/Phnk. pknd tkfbnK ftZu, T[jBK B/ “fBPeoPD@ okiK dk ftek;
eoBk ;h fiE/ ikfJdkd d/ nfXeko f;oc e[M e[ T[¤u torK ƒ fd¤s/ rJ/ ;B ns/ fJ¤E/ p/ekp{, skBkPkjh
;oeko ;h. fJ;d/ T[bN, T[jBK y/soK ft¤u fiE/ T[BQK B/ nkgD/ nkg ƒ t;kfJnk ;h, ;wki d/ ftPkb
fj¤;/ bJh ikfJdkd d/ nfXekoK dh roµNh fd¤sh rJhH p;shtkd d/ ;w/A p;sh ftu T[¤u w"s do ns/ T[¤u
nkpkdh dh xDsk “wkV/ oki^gqpµX@ dk ;µe/s ;B.
p/Pe, fJj e'Jh ;fjwsh ns/ gj[zuh j'Jh pfj; BjhA j?. noE Pk;soh wkV/ oki^gqpµX d/ Bkb T[¤u ftek;
d/ i[V/ j'D dhnK T[dkjoDK t¤b fJPkok eod/ jB. d{i/ ftPt :[¤X s'A pknd g{zihtkd d"okB igkB dh s/Ih
Bkb nkofEe ftek; do, iK fBT{:koe Pfjo dk ftek;, id'A fe 19thA ;dh ft¤u Pfjo dh ;oeko ƒ
fGqPNkuko d/ fJe e{V/ d/ Y/o ti'A t/fynk iKdk ;h, nfij/ T[dkjoD jB.
;kXBLn?;hw'rb{, vhl i/H okfpB;B, (2008) ftek; ns/ ftek; ftu ;µ;EktK dh G{fwek. ftek; s/ ftek; ekoi efwPB dk
efwPB BµH 10H
e"cw?B, vhl J/, eq?J/l gh I'fJv'b'pkNBH (1999)H gqPk;B d/ wkwb/H tobv p?Ae gkfb;h fo;ou tofeµr g/go 2196.t/b, vhH
(2012)H nkofEe ftek; nµsookPNoh n?vhPBH bµvBL o[b/i
 375

8H2 ekƒB ns/ ftt;Ek

gzikp e'b ;G s'A tZX g[bh; Bcoh j?, I' gqPk;B ftZt;Ek
gzikp ftZu ;G s'A tZX g[fb;
dk nfjw nzr j?/. iBse ftt;Ek oki d/ nµdo ;wkBsk,
;woZE j?. gzikp ftZu gqsh bZy
fBog¤ysk ns/ r?o^wBwkBh ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Ad/ j'J/ ekƒB d/ t;'A fgS/ 275 g[fb; tkb/
T[gbpX jB I' fe Gkos dh
Pk;B Bkb PKshg{oB ns/ ;dGktBk tkb/ ;wki ƒ :ehBh
n";s 134 gqsh bZy frDsh
pDkT[Adk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fjµ;k ns/ ftrkV nkofEe Bkb'A eohp d[ZrD/ jB.
ftek; ns/ so¤eh ƒ ewI'o eodk j? fi; Bkb
nftef;ssk dk fGnkBe u¤eo pD iKdk j?.

iBse ftt;Ek ƒ pDkJh o¤yDk ns/ ekƒB d/ ;ak;B ƒ ekfJw o¤yDk oki d/ bkIwh eµw jB I' g[fb; pbK
ns/ fBnKgkfbek gqDkbh dh ;jkfJsk Bkb ehs/ iKd/ jB. ;kb 2020 s¤e, oki Go ftu 422 EkD/
T[gbpX ;B. gzikp ftZu gqsh bZy nkpkdh fgS/ 275 g[fb; w[bkiaw jB i' fe e"wh gZXo dh n";s gqsh
bZy frDsh Bkb'A bZrGr d[ZrD/ jB.

gµikp g[fb; B/ ngDh ;wo¤Ek ƒ wIp{s eoB ns/ ;wekbh ekƒB ftt;Ek dhnK u[D"shnK dk ;kjwDk
eoB bJh eqkJhw n?Av feqwhBb Nq?feµr B?Ntoe n?Av f;;Nw (;h;hNhn?Bn?;) gq'i?eN P[o{ ehsk. fJ;
gq'i?eN dk T[d/P ngokX ns/ ngokfXe foekovK dk d/P ftnkgh nzeVk nkXko (vkNkp/;) fsnko eoBk
ns/ d/P Go d/ ;ko/ EkfDnK ns/ T[BQK d/ ;[gotkJhIoh dcsoK ƒ ikDekoh ;KMk eoB bJh i'VBk j? ns/
EkfDnK ftu d?fBe eµwK ƒ ;t?^ukbe (nkN'w?fNe) eoBk j?. fe;/ th EkD/ ftu e'Jh th g[fb; nfXekoh
fe;/ e/; dh ft;fsqs gVskb bJh fJ; vkNkp/; s¤e gj[µu ;edk j? ns/ b'VhAd/ Bshi/ s/ gqkgs eo ;edk
j?.

oki ;oeko g[fb; EkfDnK B{z, yk; eoe/ nkJhHNhH ;?eNo ftZu jkovt/no ns/ ;kcNt/no B{z wiap{sh
gqdkB eoe/ nkX[fBe pBkT[D dh e'f;a;a eo ojh j?. ;ko/ 422 EkD/ ns/ 187 T[Zu dcaso ezfgT{No
jkovt/no Bkb b?; jB ns/ fJµNoB?N IohJ/ ;N/N vkNk ;?ANo Bkb i''V/ rJ/ jB. fwsh 4H05H2020 sZe
;N/N v?Nk ;?ANo s/ eohp 9 bZy n?cHnkJhHnko fvihNb s"o s/ T[gbpZX jB. BkrfoeK d[nkok bZrGr
fJZe bZy n?c nkJh nko jo wjhB/ vkT{Bb'v ehshnk ik ojhnK jB.
376

pke; 18L gqGktPkbh :'iBkpµdh bJh G{r'fbe ikDekoh gqDkbh (ihnkJhn?;)

gzikp y/soh :'iBkpzdh bJh ihnkJhn?; dh gqGkt;akbh Yzr Bkb bkr{ eoB bJh noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB
(Jh n?; U) ,:'iBkpzdh ftGkr ftZu ihnkJhn?; ;?b, 20 wJh, 2013 B{z pDkfJnk frnk ;h.Jhn?;U ns/
gzikp fow'N ;?Af;zr ;?ANo (ghnkon?;;h) b[fXnkDk B/ ;oeko d/ tZy^tZy ftGkrkA Bkb ftuko tNkAdo/ ns/
whfNzrkA s'A pknd ;kAM/ s"o s/ gzikp ihnkJhn?; bJh fJZe S'Nh fwnkd dh ekoi :'iBk fsnko ehsh.fJ;
:'iBk ftZu g{o/ oki bJh g;a{ gkbD, iBrDBk, f;Zfynk, f;js, ;[ftXk, n?w gh b?v, wBo/rk, ib ;o's
ns/ N{foiw ih nkJh n?; ;akwb jB. fJ; :'iBk ftZu ev;Nqb w?fgzr, fwT{A;hgb ihnkJhn?;, fwZNh dh
e[nkbNh, ekopB nekT[AfNzr, eBkb ihnkJhn?; nkfd d/ gkfJbN nfXn?B th ;akwb jB.d' ihnkJhn?;
g'oNb fit/A fe gzikp ihnkJhn?; ns/ ftbia ihnkJhn?; fsnko ehs/ rJ/ ns/ 10 Btzpo, 2020 B{z bKu
ehs/ rJ/. ftbia ihnkJhn?; g'oNb https;//vdpunjab.ncog.gov.in/login fi; ftZu fgzvK dh
vkfJo?eNoh d/ 250 s'A tZX fJzvhe/No jB.gzikp g'oNb https;//punjab.ncog.gov.in/admin/gis
w?fvT{b ftZu oki d/ gqw[Zy ftGkr fit/A gP{gkbD, BfjoK, ;?A;;, f;Zfynk,f;js,;/tk e/Ado, n?wHghHb?vI,
;?o^;gkNk ns/ j'oBK s'A fJbktk ib ;o's ;akwb jB.
id'A fe fJ; gqki?eN d/ fjZ;/ ti'A 2005 s'A 2017 d/ 13 ;kb g[okDk vkNk (n?cHnkJhHnkoH ns/ iBob
vkfJohnkA) B{z gfjbkA jh ezfgT{NokJhiv eo fdZsk frnk j?, GftZy dk ;kok vkNk j[D s'A pknd82 ngb'v
ehsk ikt/rk. gzikp g[fb; B{z ;hH;hHNhHn?BHn?;H ftu'A n?;H;hHnkoHphH eqkJhw fog'oN fsnko eoB bJh,
tksktoD gZyh ngokfXe y[chnk ftek; bJh fi; Bkb gqsh wjhBk 55,000 ekriaK dh pZus jz[dh j? ns/
ngokX dh o'eEkw ns/ gsk brkT[D bJh ngokfXe nzefVnK dh tos'A bJh wfB;Noh nkca j'w
nc?noia, Gkos ;oeko tb'A 2018 ftZu ;BwkfBs ehsk frnk. fJzNoUgo/pb feqwhBb i;fN; f;;Nw
(nkJhH;hHi/Hn?Z;H) bkr{ eoB ftu th gzikp w'joh fojk j?.nkJh;hi/n?; dk Nhuk ;h;hNhn?Bn?; gqki?eN
B{z JhH e'oNkA ns/ JhHi/bQkA d/ vkNkp/;kA Bkb ns/ ngokfXe fBnkA gqDkbh d/ j'o EzwkA^c'oA? f;e, w[eZdwk,
fe;a'o xokA ns/ ngokXhnkA dk fJZe d/;a ftnkgh fczrofgqzN vkNk nXko B{z gVkntko sohe/ Bkb J/ehfeqs
eoBk j?.J/eheoD B{z fBnKgkfbek, g[fb; ns/ i/bQkA ftu v?;eN"g v?;ap'ov okjhA gj[zu d/ e/ jk;b ehsk
ikt/rk ns/ ngokfXe nzefVnkA dh gqkgsh bJh ikAu, wip{s y'i dh ;j{bs fwb/rh. nkJh;hi/n?; gqi ' ?eN
d/ sfjs ;ko/ EkfDnkA bJh ok;aNoh ngokX ns/ ngokfXe v/Nk y'i B{z th ;ko/ EkfDnKA ftu T[gbpX
eokfJnk frnk j?.

gµikp Gkos dk gfjbk oki j? fi;B/ efwT{fBNh

g[fbf;µr “;KM** ;pzXh gqki?eN bKu ehsk j?. gµikp
g[fb; efwT{fBNh g[fbf;µr dh ftukoXkok ft¤u
ftPtk; o¤ydh j? ns/ ;KM ƒ P[o{ eoe/ ;wki ƒ
g[fb; d/ eµweki Bkb i'V ojh j?. ;KM gqki?eN oki
ftu 27 efwT{fBNh g[fb; fo;'o; ;?ANo (fIbQk ;KM
e/Ado), 114 efwT{fBNh g'bhf;µr ;[ftXk ;?ANo
(;p^vthIB ;KM e/Ado) ns/ 363 g[fb; ;N/PB
nkT{Nohu ;?ANo (EkDk ;KM e/Ado) ;Ekgs jB. jo
;KM e/Ado fJ¤e g[fb;^gpfbe ew/Nh d[nkok ubkfJnk iKdk j? fi; ft¤u fJ¤e g[fb; nfXekoh, ;kpek

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 377

w?Apo i' ;oekoh ftGkrK fit/A f;js, f;¤fynk, fJ;soh ns/ pkb GbkJh nkfd dh B[wkfJµdrh eod/ jB
ns/ ekbiK d/ fgqµ;hgb, g/P/to ns/ r?o^;oekoh ;µ;EktK d/ B[wkfJµd/ Pkwb j[µd/ jB. fJj ;KM e/Ado
BkrfoeK ƒ gµikp g[fb; dhnK 20 f;tb ;/tktK w[j¤Jhnk eokT[D bJh fIzw/tko jB, i' ;/tk nfXeko
n?eN, 201183 d/ nXhB fBoXkos ehshnK rJhnK jB. oki d/ fe;/ th fj¤;/ s'A, fiBQK ftu oki d/
d{odoki d/ fJbke/ th Pkwb jB, Bkrfoe fe;/ th EkD/ dhnK ;/tktK b?D bJh BIdheh ;KM e/Ado fty/ ik
;ed/ jB. ;KM g'oNb BkrfoeK ƒ n?cHnkJhHnkoH vkT{Bb'v eoB, T[BQK dhnK fPekfJsK dh ;fEsh dk
gsk brkT[D ns/ r[µwP[dk$nrtk ehs/ rJ/ ftneshnK, u'oh j'JhnK iK r[µwhnK uhIK, frqcsko$b'VhAd/
ftneshnK, nkfd dh ikDekoh b?D d/ :'r pDkT[Adk j?. w[¤y wµsoh gµikp dk dcso ;KM e/AdoK s'A iBse
;/tktK dh bzfps ;fEsh dh brksko fBrokBh o¤ydk j? ns/ fJ; soQK gµikp d/ t;BheK ƒ Bkrfoe ;/tktK
dh ;w/A f;o ;g[odrh ƒ :ehBh pDk e/ d/oh ƒ xNkfJnk frnk j?.

gµikp d/;a ftZu Jh^i/bQ gqki?eN ƒ bkr{ eoB tkbk w'joh ;{pk fojk j? fi; ƒ oki dhnK ;kohnK i/bQK ftu
bkr{ ehsk frnk j?. fJ; gq'i?eN dk dkfJok i/bQ ft¤u e?dh ns/ e?dh gqpµXB Bkb i[VhnK ;kohnK
rshftXhnK ƒ eµfgT{Nohfeqs ns/ J/ehfeqs eoBk j?. fJj gqpzX i/bQ ft¤u pµd e?dhnK pko/ n;b wkj"b
ft¤u i/bQ nfXekohnK ns/ j'o ;µ;EktK ƒ ngokfXe fBnK gqDkbh ft¤u Pkwb wj¤stg{oD ikDekoh gqdkB
eodk j?.fJj nk¤BbkJhB w[bkeks dh p/Bsh ns/ fPekfJs fBtkoD dh ;j{bs th fdµdk j?.

Jh^i/bQ n?gbhe/PB ;{N, n?BnkJh;h d[nkok fte;s, fJ¤e ebkT[v nXkos T[sgkd j? i' tos'A ft¤u
nk;kB rqkfceb tos'Aeko fJµNoc/; (ih:{nkJh) Bkb fsnko ehsk frnk j? ns/ fJ¤e ftPkb ;[o¤fynk
ftP/PsktK s/ nXkfos j?. fJ; t/b/ wkB:'r jkJh e'oN d/ nkd/PK nB[;ko oki dhnK i/bQK ft¤u e;Nvh
;oNhfce/N wfvT{b bkr{ ehsk ik fojk j?.

8H3 fGqPNkuko dk w[ekpbk eoBk

fGqPNkuko dk w[ekpbk eoBk ;µ:[es okPNo d/

gzikp b'egkb n?eN 1996 dh EK s/
;fEo ftek; NhfunK dk e/Adofpµd{ j?. fGqPNkuko
fJZe BtK b'egkb ekB{zB pDkfJnk
dk noE^ftt;Ek s/ wkVk n;o g?Adk j? feT[Afe frnk fi; Bkb b'egkb B{z ;ko/ gZXoK
fJj ekƒB d/ oki ft¤u dybnµdkIh eodk j?, fB¤ih s/ w[Zy wzsoh, wzsohnK ns/
nc;o;akjh fybkc ekotkJh eoB dk
T[¤dw ƒ o'edk j? ns/ N?e; ndkeosktK d/ g?;/
nfXeko j't/rk (ns/ f;cko;a nEkoNh
popkd eodk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fGqPNkuko T[BQK BjhA j't/rh).
BhshnK ns/ gq'rokwK ƒ ewI'o eodk j? fiBQK dk
T[d/P rohph ƒ xNkT[Dk j?.
ftihb?A; fpT[o', gµikp ;oeko d/ ftihb?A; ftGkr dk w[¤y gVskb ftµr j? i' iBse ihtB ftu fGqPNkuko
fto'Xh T[gkn ns/ iKu ƒ fB:µsfos eodk j?. ftihb?A; fpT[o' B/ fGqPNkuko ƒ o'eD bJh eJh soQK dhnK
o'eEkwK ns/ I[owkBkswe T[gkn ehs/ jB fiBQK ftu ngokfXe d[okuko d/ e/; wkwb/, g[¤Sfr¤S, gVskb,

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378
Skg/wkoh, ikfJdkd Ips eoB, ngokXhnK fybkc w[e¤dwk ubkT[Dk, frocskohnK nkfd
nk Pkwb jB.
ftihb?A; fpT[o' tZb'A ;kb 2020 (31 d;µpo 2020 s¤e) ftu doi e/;K dk t/otk j/mK fd¤s/ nB[;ko84 j?L

1H ftihb?A; gVskbKL fGqPNkuko dhnK t¤y t¤y eko

ekotkJhnK
tkJhnK ftu efEs s"o s/ Pw{bhns eoB d/ d'P
ftu rIfNv nfXekohnK d/ fybkc 9, r?o^rIfNv nfXekohnK fto[¤X 25 ns/ gqkJht/N ftneshnK fto[¤X
5 ftihb?A; gVskbK doi ehshnK rJhnK ;B.

2H ftihb?A; ftGkr e'b e[¤b 300 e/; doi ehs/ rJ/ ;B

;B,, fiBQK ft¤u'A 36 rIfNv nfXekohnK f\bkca,
154 r?o^rIfNv nfXekohnK f\bkca
bkca ns/ 110 fB¤ih ftneshnK fto[¤X ;B. fJ;d/ w[ekpb/, 2019 ft¤u
226 e/; doi ehs/ rJ/ ;B.

3H ikb;kiah d/ e/;L ikb;kiah d/ 106 e/; doi ehs/ rJ

rJ//, fiBQK ftu'A 7 rIfNv nc;oK fto[ZX, 85
r?o^rIfNv nfXekohnK fto[ZX ns/ 14 fB¤ih ft
ftneshnK fto[¤X ;B.

4H ngokfXe d[okuko d/ e/;K dh ofi;

ofi;Nq/PBL ;kb 2019
19 ftu 57 d/ w[ekpb/ 27 rIfNv nc;oK, 67
r?o^rIfNv nfXekohnK ns/ 98 fBih ftneshnK d/ fybk| 192 ngokfXe d[okuko d/ e/; 2020 ftZu
doi ehs/ rJ/ jB.
rtoB?A; n?fEe; ns/ fockowia
5H p/fj;kph ikfJdkd d/ wkwb/L 4 e/; ofi;No ehs/
efw;aB dh ;EkgBk fJj SkDphD eoB
rJ/. rIfNv nfXekohnK fybkc 2 ns/ BkB^rIfNv bJh ehsh rJh j? fe
nc;oK fto[¤X 2 wkwb/ doi ehs/ rJ/ fiE/ ;ko/ ;o'sK ftGkrK$p'ovK$ekog'o/;aBK tb'A 50 eo'V
dk b/yk eoB s'A pknd fe;/ ftnesh dh fBo'b o[gJ/ s'A T[go gqkgs gq'i?eNK dhnK
nkofEe ;µgsh T[; ;µgsh s'A ekcah t¤X j? i' T[; e'b sithiaK s/ nkgDh f;cko;a fdzdk j?.
ekƒBh nkwdB d/ nB[;ko j'Dh ukjhdh j?.

6H ia[ow dh doL ;kb 2020 ftu ;Ik dh do 18 gqsh;as ojh i' fe 2019 ftu 35 gqsh;as ;h. 6 e/;K
ftu ;Ik ;[Dk fd¤sh rJh.

fu¤so 112L ftihb?A; fpT[o' dk nk¤BbkJhB fPekfJs g'oNb

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 379

2021 d/ gfjb/ wjhB/ (30 iBtoh s¤e) d/ nµdo, 20 e/; doi ehs/ rJ/ jB, fiBQK ftu'A 13 ikb;kiah d/
wkwb/ jB, id'A fe 7 ngokfXe d[okuko d'PK d/ wkwb/ jB.

iBse ;/teK d[nkok fGqPNkuko dhnK xNBktK fto[¤X fPekfJsK doi eoB dh gqfefonk ƒ ;"yk pBkT[D
bJh, ftihb?A; fpT[o' B/ fJ¤e nk¤BbkJhB fPekfJs g'oNb P[o{ ehsk j?. Bkrfoe fPekfJs ckow ƒ
nk¤BbkJhB Go ;ed/ jB ns/ nkgDh gSkD iBse s"o *s/ Ikjo ehs/ fpBK ftihb?A; ftGkr s'A ;/tktK wµr
;ed/ jB. g'oNb T[BQK ƒ nkgDhnK fPekfJsK dh ;fEsh dk gsk brkT[D d/ ;wo¤E pDkT[Adk j?.

8H4 Jh^rtoB?A;

gµikp ;oeko ns/ b'eK dofwnkB skbw/b tXkT[D d/ T[d/P Bkb, gµikp nkJhH;hHNhH ƒ ngDk e/ ;oekoh
sµso ƒ ngrq/v eoB bJh tuBp¤X j?. Jh^rtoB?A; s'A Gkt j? ;oeko d/ o'Iwok d/ eµweki ft¤u ;{uBk
ns/ ;µuko N?eBkb'ih (nkJh;hNh) dh tos'A B{z I'VBk j?. fJj ;oeko ns/ t¤y^t¤y tos'AekoK (BkrfoeK,
tgkoe ;µ;EktK, ;oekoh ftGkrK ns/ J/iµ;hnK, eowukohnK) ftueko nkg;h rZbpks d/ sohe/ B{z
tXkT[Adk j? ns/ fJ; dh ;/tk ;g[odrh d/ g¤Xo ƒ fpjso pDkT[D ft¤u ;oeko dh ;jkfJsk eodk j?.
fJj b'eK dh Gkrhdkoh ƒ th tXkT[Adk j?, fGqPNkuko Bkb Bfi¤mdk j? ns/ gkodoPsk ft¤u ;[Xko eodk
j?.

oki^gqpµX ;[Xko ftGkr oki ftu Jh^rtoB?A; dhnK ftfGµB gfjbedwhnK ƒ bkr{ eoB bJh gµikp
;oeko dh B'vb J/iµ;h j?. oki^gqpµX ;[Xko ftGkr nkgDhnK bkr{ eoB tkbhnK J/iµ;hnK fit/A fe gµikp
oki Jh^rtoB?A; ;[;kfJNh (gh n?; Jh ih n?;), fIbQk Jh^rtoB?A; ;[;kfJNh (vh Jh ih n?;) ns/ oki
Jh^rtoB?A; fwPB Nhw (n?Z; Jh n?w Nh) dh ;jkfJsk Bkb ;oeko d/ t¤y t¤y ftGkrK ft¤u rtoB?A;
gq'i?eN bkr{ eoB bJh fiµw/tko j?.

rtoB?A; d/ jo y/so ftu Jh^rtoB?A; gfjbedwhnK ƒ bkr{ eoB bJh gµikp d/P d/ fJe w'joh oki ti'A
T[¤Gfonk j?. iBse ;/tktK dh ;g[odrh ns/ ;oekoh eµweki ftu fJe fw;kbh spdhbh fbnkT[D d/
T[d/P Bkb, t¤y^t¤y Jh^rtoB?A; gq'i?eN bkr{ ehs/ rJ/ jB. gµikp ;oeko d[nkok bkr{ ehs/ rJ/
t¤y^t¤y Jh^rtoB?A; gq'i?eNK dh ;{uh ;koDh 60 ft¤u fd¤sh rJh j?.
;koDh 60L gµikp ;oeko d[nkok Jh^rtoB?A; gfjbedwhnK dh ;{uh

gfjbedwh dk y/so gfjbedwh T[d/P ns/ gqGkt

iBse ;/tk d/Dk ;/tk e/AdoK dk J/eheoB • BkrfoeK ƒ T[bMD s'A pukT[D bJh iBse
;/tk d/D d/ ;ko/ u?BbK ƒ J/ehfeqs eoBk fe
fejV/ ftGkr s'A fe; ;/tk dk bkG fbnk ik ;edk
j?
• ;/tk d/D dh ftXh ftu oki Go ftu
fJe;kosk fbnkT[Dk
• BkrfoeK ƒ fJe fyVeh d/ j/mK t¤y t¤y
ftGkrK dhnK 327 iBse ;/tktK T[gbpX jB
(516;/tk^e/AdoK)
380
• iBse ;/tktK bJh ;/tk^e/AdoK s/ brGr
55,000 nB[wkfBs Bkrfoe nkJ/.

Jh^;/tk $ n?w^;/tk • BkrfoeK dh ;j{bs bJh Bkrfoe ;/tktK ƒ

nk¤BbkJhB ;/tktK nk¤BbkJhB T[gbpX eotkT[Dk
;g[odrh$w'pkJhb rtoB?A; • t¤vh wksok dhnK Bkrfoe ;/tktK dk
eµfgT{NoheoB
• w'pkJhb n?gbhe/PB (n?w^;/tk) s/ Bkrfoe
;/tktK dh T[gbpXsk
• nrb/ fJZe ;kb ftZu n?w^rtoB?; d[nkok
100 ;/tktK gqdkB eoB d/ Nhu/ Bkb w'pkfJb s/
21 ;/tktK gqdkB ehshnK ik ojhnK jB.
;oekoh ftGkrK d/ Jh^nkfc; bkr{ eoBk • ;oekoh gqshfeqnktK dh e[Pbsk, fJe;kosk
nµdo ;[Xko ns/ gqGktPhbsk ft¤u ;[Xko fbnkT[Dk. fJj
;oekoh ezweki ftZu ;[Xko eoB ns/ ckJhbK B{z
s/iah Bkb fBgNkT[D ftu ;jkfJsk eo/rk feT[AFfe
nfijhnK ckJhbK dh g{oh rsh fJb?eNqkfBe
gqDkbh d[nkok j' ojh j? ns/ ckJhbK dh No?fezr
;"yh j' ikt/rh, fJj ekria d// pukn ns/ ;zGkb d/
nXko s/ th ckfJdk eo/rk.
• gqPk;B dh r[Dt¤sk ft¤u ;[Xko fbnkT[D
bJh gqGktPkbh ;o's gqpµXB gqdkB eoBk.
• e[M ftGkrK$ekog'o/;aBK ftZu Jh^dcaso d/
;cbskg{ote bkr{ j'D s'A pknd, fJ; B{z oki d/
;ko/ ftGkrK ftZu grqsh;ahb Yzr Bkb ukb{ ehsk
ik fojk j? fi; ftZu w"i{dk 40,000 T[gG'rsktK
s'A tZy tZy ftGkrK$ekog'o/;aBK$p'ovK nkfd d/
1,00,000 T[gG'rsktK dk Nhuk pDkfJnk frnk
j?. w[¤y wµsoh ns/ w[¤y ;e¤so dcaso, gµikp
;w/s oki d/ ;ko/ ftGkrK ftu Jh^nkf|; B{z
;cbskg{ote bkr{ ehsk frnk.
• gzikp f;tb ;eZso/s^1 ns/ 2 dhnK
;kohnK ;akyktK B/ ckJhbK ns/ vke dh
fJb?eNqkfBe rshftXhnK bJh Jh dcso dh tos'A
eoBh nkozG eo fdZsh j?.

w{b nkJhNh p[fBnkdh YKu/ ;N/N vkNk ;?ANo • oki ft¤u pbke g¤Xo s¤e ;ko/ ;oekoh
dh ;EkgBk dcsoK ƒ i'VB bJh gµikp tkJhv J/ohnk
gµikp tkJhv J/ohnk B?Ntoe ;Ekgs ehsk frnk j?
B?Ntoe • ;N/N nkc nkoN gµikp ;N/N vkNk e/Ado
;Ekgs ehsk frnk j? ns/ gtB Bkb i'fVnk
frnk.
• oki^gqpµX ;[Xko ftGkr t¤b'A ebkT[v
nXkos ;/tktK dh ;j{bs fd¤sh ik ojh j? ns/
ftGkr d[nkok fteo/sk dk g?Bb w[eµwb eo fbnk
frnk j? pj[s ;ko/ ftGkrK B/ vhihnko d[nkok
pDkJ/ fteo/sktK d[nkok ebkT[v^nXkos ;/tktK
 381

dh tos'A P[o{ eo fdZsh j?.

• nkBbkJhB g'oNb T[;koh ftu bZr/ ekfwnK
dh ofi;Nq/PB bJh fsnko ehsk frnk.

eko'pkoK bJh ;j{bs Jh^b/po g'oNb • fpiB; c;N (fJBt?;N gµikp) g'oNbH oki
B/ fBt/Pe dh ;j{bs ns/ gkodoPh oki^gqpµX
fJBt?;N gµikp bJh fJe BtK fvihNb fJµNoc/; noEks
fJBt?;N gµikp^fpIB; c;N g'oNb P[o{ ehsk
j?. fJj oki ftu eko'pko B{z ;"y/ Yzr Bkb eoB
bJh fJe'^fvihNb fJµNo?efNt gb/Nckow *s/ eJh
soQK dhnK o?r{bN / oh wBI{ohnK ns/ ft¤sh
gq's;kjB g/P eoB dh gfjb j?.
;oekoh ftGkrK ftu ;[Xko wB[¤yh ;o's gqpµXB • ;oekoh eowukohnK ns/ m/e/ s/ eµw eoB
f;;Nw tkb/ eowukohnK dh sBykj tµv dh gqfefonk ƒ
(n?uHnkoHn?wHn?;) n?BHnkJhH;h tZb'A fte;s n?uHnkoHn?wHn?;
g'oNb d[nkok fvihNbkJhi ehsk frnk. ;ko/
ftGkr bZrGZr fJ; g'oNb dh tos'A eowukohnK
bJh w[¤Yb/ t/ot/ fJµdoki doi eoB bJh ns//
eowukohnK dhnK ;/tk gZsohnK dh g[PNh bJh
eo oj/ jB.
• n?unkon?wn?; d/ sfjs sBykj, S[¤Nh,
ikfJdkd tor/ nfjw wfvT{b gfjbK jh fte;s
ehs/ ik u[e/ jB
;oekoh ftGkrK ftu ;[Xko tkjB gqpµXB f;;Nw • g?Nq'b$vhIb ns/ oZy^oykt d/ yofunK d/
(thn?wn?;) Bkb^Bkb v[gbhe/N fpbK s' pukn ns/ czvK dh
;jh tos'A B{z :ehBh pDkT[D bJh oki d/ ;oekoh
tkjBK pko/ ikDekoh fJe¤so eoB bJh
;oekoh ftGkrK ftu ;[Xko J/ehfeqs toecb' v"e{w?AN • d;skt/I gqpµXB ns/ ekoi gqtkj gqpµXB
w?B/iw?AN f;;Nw bJh fJ¤e pj[^GkPkJh ns/ ;t?ukfbs j¤b gqdkB
(nkJhHvpfbT{HvhHn?wHn?;) eoBk
• ekrIks ƒ xNkT[D ns/ ;oekoh eµweki
ns/ ftu fpjso fBrokBh ns/ gkodoPsk ƒ :ehBh
pDkT[D bJh
J/ehfeqs ft¤sh gqpµXB • piN ns/ ftZsh gqpzXB bJh n?BHnkJhH;h
f;;Nw d[nkok ftef;s nkJhHn?cHn?wHn?; f;;Nw ngq?b
2020 s'A bkr{ ehsk frnk.

ezfgT{NoheoB G'A^foekov • G{wh foekov ƒ doi ns/ ;N'o eoB dh

gqfefonk ƒ ezfgT{Nohfeqs eoB bJh
• gµikp d/ fgµvK d/ G{wh foekovK dk 100#
fvihNkJhI/PB g{ok j' frnk j?
• B?PBb i/B/foe d;skt/ia gqDkbh ofi;Nq/PB
f;;Nw (n?Bihvhnkon?;) ^ fJe f;o/ s'A f;o/
se gqtkj :'r ;wo¤Ek d;skt/I, ;w/s ikfJdkd
ofi;Nq/PB gqDkbh i' ofi;Nq/PB J/iµ;hnK d[nkok
tosh ik ;edh j?, oki ftu bkr{ ehsh rJh j?
382
;EkBe ;oeko d/ g¤Xo *s/ ;EkBe ;oeko • BkrfoeK ƒ fJZe nfij// gb/Nckow d/ iaohJ/
;[Xko fwT{A;gb ;/tktK gqdkB ehshnK ik ojhnK jB,
fiZE/ Bro fBrw gq;k;aB Bkb ;pµXs ikDekoh
n;odko c?;b/ b?D bJh ns/ :'iBk pDkT[D bJh
T[gbZpX j' ;e/rh.

;kXBL oki^gqpµX ;[Xko ns/ iBse fPekfJsK ftGkr

pke; 19L vkNk gqk;o bJh :{BhckJhv vkNk gb/Nckow

wkB:'r w[¤y wµsoh gµikp ih d/ fdqPNhe'D ns/ wkordoPB d/ w¤d/BIo, noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp
tb'A fJb?eNqkfBe ns/ ;{uBk seBkb'ih wµsokb/, Gkos ;oeko ns/ fJ; dh gµikp dh n?BHnkJhH;hH oki
g¤Xoh fJekJh d[nkok fJ¤e UgB r"ofwµN vkNk gb/Nckow (punjab.data.gov.in) fsnko ehsk ik fojk j?.
fJ; ƒ Gkos ;oeko dh okPNoh vkNk ;KMkeoB ns/ gj[µu:'rsk Bhsh, 2012 d/ nB[;ko fte;s ehsk ik
fojk j?. vkNk g'oNb t¤y t¤y tos'AekoK ƒ ;ko/ ;oekoh ftGkrK d/ vkNk s¤e ;[ykbh gj[µu gqkgs eokT[D
ft¤u wdd eo/rk. P[o{ ftu, "gz
gzikp dk nzeVk ;ko
;ko" i' fe fJe wj¤stg{oD ns/ gqw[¤y d;skt/I j?, d/
oki d/ g[BormB s'A pknd d/ 1998 s'A nzeV/ jo ;kb fJ; g'oNb *s/ ;w/A eqw d/ nXko* s/ ngb'v ehs/
ikDr/. e[M w[¤y ;?eNo fit/A fe y/shpkVh, ib ns/ ;?BhN/PB,
PB, f;¤fynk, ft¤s, gqPk;B ns/ gqPk;B,
wekB, f;js ns/ gfotko GbkJh, feos ns/ o[Irko, nktkikJh, :ksok ns/ ;?o^;gkNk nkfd dk vkNk
ngb'v ehsk ikt/rk. nrb/ gVktK ft¤u, bkJhB ftGkrK d/ ;G s'A tZX wj¤stg{oB vkNk ;?ZNK ƒ fJ;
:{BhckJhv vkNk g'oNb *s/ gq;kfos eoB bJh
bJh th :sB ehs/ ikDr/. fJ; ;pµX ft¤u, nkofEe ns/ nµeVk
;µrmB (Jhn?;U) B'vb ftGkr d/ s"o s/ eµw eo/rk ns/ ;ko/ bkJhB ftGkrK ƒ T[jBK d/ vkNk ;?N; ƒ
gqwkDe ckow?N ft¤u fsnko eoB bJh seBheh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eo/rk.

oki ftu fPekfJsK dk fBtkoD

gh ih nko n?;L gzikp iBse

Bse f;aekfJs fBtkoD gqDkbh g'oNb dh ;a[o{nks nr;s 2020 ftZu n;µs[PN
BkrfoeK dhnK fPekfJsK ƒ ;theko eoB bJh fsnko ehsk frnk. Bkrfoe ;ko/ ;oekoh dcasoK fto[ZX
nkgDhnK f;aekfJsK doia eotk ;ed/ jB. fJj g'oNb 24
24x7
7 s/ T[gb¤pX j? ns/ Bkrfoe nkgDhnK
fPekfJsK T[¤s// ehsh rJh ekotkJh dh ;fEsh dk gsk brkT[D d/ Bkb^Bkb T[jBK pko/
:kd^g¤so$;gPNheoB th d/ ;ed/ jB. fJ; g'oNb ftZu f;aekfJsK B{z s/iah Bkb fBgNkT[D ;pzXh pj[s
xZN T[gokb/ ehs// rJ/ jB.

fu¤so 113L gµikp ;oeko dk iBse fPekfJs g'oNb

 383

jkT{f;µr ns/ Pfjoh ftek; ftGkr ft¤u Jh^rtoB?A; dhnK rshftXhnK

Jh^rtoB?A; s/ fXnkB e/Adqs eod/ j'J/ ft¤sh ;kb 2019^20 j/m fbyhnK rshftXhnK ehshnK rJhnK ;BL
1H b'eK ƒ ;hHn?bH:{I dh Jh^gqtkBrh d/ :'r pDkT[D bJh wk;No gbkB BefPnK dk fvihNbkJhi/PB
2H nDnfXekos T[;kohnK dh iKu eoB bJh fJe ftb¤yD w'pkJhb n?g dh P[o{nksH
3H g[¤vk 360 dh P[o{nks i' nk¤BbkJhB ;µgsh b?D^d/D dh ;j{bs bJh fJ¤e Jh^gqkgoNh w'vhT{b j?,
fi; Bkb gµikp Pfjoh :'iBkpµdh ns/ ftek; nEkoNh (g[¤vk) d/ eµweki ft¤u tX/o/ e[Pbsk ns/
gkodoPsk nkJh j?H
4H G'A^tos'A dh fJb?eNqkfBe spdhbh ikoh eoB bJh jkT{f;µr ftGkr d/ Bt/A t?¤p g'oNb dh P[o{nks

fu¤so 114L g[¤vk 360 dh t?p;kJhN ^ ;µgsh d/ b?D^d/D bJh fJe Jh^nk¤BbkJhB g'oNb

8H5 gkodoPsk

gµikp ;oeko fdB gqsh fdB d/ eµweki ftu tX/o/ gkodoPsk ns/ e[Pbsk fbnkT[D s/ e/Afdqs j?.
fGqPNkuko ƒ o'eD ns/ iBse ;/tktK d/D ft¤u gkodoPsk tXkT[D d/ T[d/P Bkb, gµikp ;oeko B/ ;kb
2018 ft¤u ‘gµikp gkodoPsk ns/ itkpd/jh ft¤u b'e ;/tk b'e ;/tk ;g[odrh* n?eN bkr{ ehsk. fJ;
n?eN B/ iBse ;/tktK dk p?en?Av eµfgT{NokJhI/PB, ;/tk p/BshnK dh bkIwh nk¤BbkJhB gqkgsh ns/ fJ¤e
fBoXkos ;w/A d/ nµdo ;/tktK dh ;g[od d/D ƒ ;wo¤E pDkfJnk. fJ; n?eN dk w[Zy T[d/;a iBse ;/tktK
B{z fJb?eBo'fBe Yzr Bkb w[jZJhnk eotkT[Dk j? sK fe BkrfoeK d[nkok nkgD/ p/Bsh gZso B{z No?e eoB
dh ;j{fbs fwb ;e/. ;oeko B/ ;oekoh N?AvoK bJh p'bh gqfefonk d"okB gkodoPsk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D
bJh ‘dk gµikp NqK;go?A;h fJB gpfbe fgqfeUow?AN n?eN, 2019’ dk yoVk th fsnko ehsk. fJj
f;jswµd w[ekpb/pkIh d/ tksktoD ƒ T[sPkjs eo/rk ns/ fGqPN gqEktK ƒ o'eD bJh fJ¤e gqfeqnk bkr{
eo/rk.

;oekoh yohd ƒ ;"yk pDkT[D ns/ gqfefonk ƒ tX/o/ gkodoPh pDkT[D bJh Jh^yohd dh gfjb ehsh rJh
j?. fJj fJe J/ehfeqs gqDkbh j? i' fe yohd d/ ;ko/ gfjb{nK ƒ eto eodh j? ^ N?Avo d/ wµr g¤so,
N?Avo dh fsnkoh, p'bh brkT[Dk, p'bh w[bKeD ns/ fJeokoBkw/ eoBk. Jh^yohd dk g'oNb ;oeko d/
t¤y^t¤y ftGkrK d[nkok ikoh ;ko/ N?AvoK dh ft;Ekog{ote ikDekoh gqdofPs eodk j?. n?BHnkJhH;hH
384

dh ;oekoh Jh^gqDkbh gqDkbh (ihHthHghH n?BHnkJhH;hH) yohd d/ T[d/PK bJh oki d/ ;ko/ ftGkrK ftu g{oh
soQK bkr{ ehsh rJh j?. gµikp, ;oekoh Jh^wkoehN gb/; (ihn?w) dh tos'A th eo fojk j?, i' fe
;oeko d[nkok ubkfJnk iKdk Jh^ekwo; g'oNb j?. fJj ygsekoK bJh t;sK ns/ ;/tktK ƒ nk¤BbkJhB
yohdD dh ;j{bs ns/ ;wo¤Ek eoB bJh tB^;Nkg g'oNb j? i' t¤y^t¤y ;oekoh ftGkrK ns/ ghn?;:{
d[nkok b'VhAdhnK jB.

w[e¤dwk gqpµXB ft¤u gkodoPsk jkJh e'oN nkca gµikp dh t?p;kJhN fJe y[¤bk gb/Nckow j? i'
w[e¤dw/pkIh dh ikDekoh BkrfoeK ƒ n;kBh Bkb T[gbpX eotkT[Adk j?. w[e¤dw/pkIh vkNk fB:ws nXko
s/ ngv/N ehsk iKdk j?. w[e¤dw/pkI o'IkBk e/;K dh ;{uh (e/;K dk P?fvT{b) t/y ;ed/ jB ns/ e/; Bkb
;pµXs e[M w[¤Yb/ t/ot/ gqdkB eoe/ fe;/ ftP/P e/; dh ;fEsh ns/ fBoD/ pko/ ikD ;ed/ jB.fJ; s'A th
nZr/ fJ¤e fv;gb/n p'ov e/; dh n;b ikDekoh g/P eodk j?. Bkrfoe nkgDh fPekfJs $ chvp?e th
doi eo ;ed/ jB ns/ t?p;kJhN d/ *f;NhIB e"oBo* g'oNb *s/ fJ;dh ;fEsh ƒ No?e eo ;ed/ jB.

;oekoh ekoiftXh ftZu ;[Xko

nkJhH;hHNh ;kXBK B{z ;akwb eoB s'A gfjbK fJj ;[fB;afus ehsk iKdk j? fe w"i{dk ekoiftXhnK
$gqfenkotK $ g'qckowk nkfd B{z ;ob pDkfJnk frnk j? ns/ b"VhAdhnk gqtkBrhnk ns/ ;/tk gqdkB eoB
bJh ;wK o/yk xNk fdZsh rJh j?.

8H6 ;EkBe ;µ;EktK dh nfXekosk

;EkBe ;oekoK dh wIp{sh ns/ oki d/ Bkb^Bkb okPNoh ;oeko Bkb T[BQK dh ;KM ƒ iBse ;/tktK dh
e[Pb Yzr Bkb d/D bJh Io{oh j?. ;EkBe ;µ;EktK ƒ tX/o/ fte/AdoheoD, cµvK, ekoi ns/ ekoieosk d/
fttoD d[nkok ;aesh;akbh pDkfJnk ik ;edk j? i' T[jBK ƒ ft¤sh, okiBhfse ns/ gqPk;fBe s"o s/
;t?^Go';/wµd pDkT[Ad/ jB.

oki ;oeko B/ ;ko/ ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK d/ 18 ekoi (:{ n?b ph) ns/ gzukfJsh oki ;z;EktK d/ 13
ekoiK (ghHnkoHnkJh) B{z Gkosh ;zftXkB nB[;ko spdhe eo fdZsk j?. Gkos d/ ;µftXkB dh 11 thA ns/
12 thA ;{uh ftu ghHnkoHnkJhI, ns/ :{Hn?¤bHphH B{z fdZs/ ikD tkb/ eqwtko 29 ns/ 18 ekoiK dh ;{uh
fd¤sh rJh j?. ;EkBe ;µ;EktK ƒ fd¤s/ rJ/ t¤y^t¤y ekoiK dh ;{uh j/mK fd¤sh rJh j?L

;koDh 61L ;EkBe ;µ;EktK d/ ekoiK ƒ spdhb eoB dh ;fEsh

;EkBe ;µ;Ek ekoiK dh ;{uh
1) gP{ gkbD, v/noh ns/ w[orh 8) f;js ns/ ;?BhN/PB
gkbD 9) gfotko efbnkD ns/ f;js
gµukfJsh oki 2) g/Av{ wekB T[;koh 10) fJ;soh ns/ pkb ftek;
;µ;EktK 3) ghD tkbk gkDh 11) ;wki GbkJh
4) gqkfJwoh ns/ ;?eµvoh ;e{b 12) ewI'o torK dh GbkJh
f;¤fynk 13) efwT{fBNh f;;Nw dh d/yGkb
5) bkfJpq/ohnK
6) ;fGnkukoe rshftXhnK
7) wzvhnK ns/ w/b/
Pfjoh ;EkBe 1) Pfjoh :'iBkpµdh ;w/s e;p/ dh 10) M[Zrh M"AgVh ;[Xko
;µ;EktK :'iBkpµdh 11) Pfjoh rohph jNkU
2) IwhB dh tos'A ns/ fJwkosK dh 12) Pfjoh ;j{bsK ns/ ;j{bsK dh ftt;Ek
T[;koh dk fB:w 13) ;fGnkukoe, ftfdne ns/ ;[jikswe
 385

3) nkofEe ns/ ;wkfie ftek; bJh gfjb{nK dh soZeh

:'iBkpµdh 14) epoK ns/ w[odk^xo, ;;eko xo ns/
4) ;VeK ns/ g[b fJb?efNqe PwPkBxkN
5) gkDh dh ;gbkJh 15) gP{ SZgV
6) iBse f;js, ;?BhN/PB, ;KG 16) iBw ns/ w"s dh ofi;No/;aB
;µGkb ns/ m'; e{Vk gqpµXB 17) iBse ;j{bsK
7) ckfJo ;oft; 18) p[ZuVykBk ns/ uwVk rshftXhnK
8) Pfjoh iµrbks
9) ;wki d/ ewI'o torK d/ fj¤sK
dh okyh eoBk

;kXBL 15 tK ft¤s efwPB ƒ wµr g¤so gµikp ;oeko

;kb 2019^20 d"okB, fwT{A;g?bNh g¤Xo s/ Jh^rtoB?A; dhnK gfjbedwhnK ƒ j'o wip{s eoB bJh j/m
fd¤s/ edw u[¤e/ rJ/ jBL
• ;oekoh ;/tktK pko/ ikDekoh gqdkB eoB bJh ;ko/
167 :{Hn?¤bHphIH bJh ;oekoh t?p;kJhNK pDkJhnK ;afjoh ;EkBe ;oekoK ftZu n"osK
rJhnK jB. dk okytKeoB 33# s'A 50# sZe
• nk¤BbkJhB fpfbµr ns/ fJe¤so eoB d/ Bkb Bkb gj[zu frnk j?.
gkDh ns/ ;hto/i e[B?ePB bJh nk¤BbkJhB noIh dh
;j{bs.
• gqkgoNh N?e; dk nk¤BbkJhB fJe¤soheoD BkrfoeK ƒ fes/ th ns/ ed/ th G[rskB eoB ftu wdd
eodk j? ns/ :{Hn?¤bHphIH d/ eµweki ftu gkodoPsk ns/ itkpd/jh ftu ;[Xko fbnKT[dk j?.
• eko'pko eoB ftZu ckfJo n?BHUH;hH ns/ No/v bkfJ;?A; bJh nk¤BbkJhB n?gbhe/PB.
• BkrfoeK ns/ eowukohnK dhnK iBse fPekfJsK d/ fBgNko/ bJh w'pkJhb n?gbhe/PB.
• gkodoPsk ns/ itkpd/jh tXkT[D bJh gkfJbN e;fpnK ft¤u d'jok fJµdoki b/yk gqDkbh bkr{ ehsh
rJh j?.
 Annexures

Exhibit 1:GSDP in current and constant prices, 2011-12 to 2019-20 (in Rs. Lacs) i

Exhibit 2:GSDP, GSVA growth rates ii

Exhibit 3: Per-capita income (2011-12 to 2019-20): in current and constant terms (in Rs.) iii

Exhibit 4:District wise per-capita income (in Rs.) iv

Exhibit 5:Sector wise GSVA (2011-12 to 2019-20) in current prices (in Rs. Crores) vi

Exhibit 6:Sector wise GSVA (2011-12 to 2019-20) in constant prices (in Rs. Crores) ix

Exhibit 7:Sectoral growth rate xii

Exhibit 8:Sectoral share of GSVA at current prices xv

Exhibit 9:Monthly inflation rates: rural-urban-combined (Apr 2017 to Dec 2019) vis-à-vis India xvii

Exhibit 10: Labour force participation rate (LFPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each
State/UT age groups: 15-59 years (State-wise) xx

Exhibit 11: Worker Population Ratio (WPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age
groups: 15-59 years xxiii

Exhibit 12: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age
groups: 15-59 years xxvi

Exhibit 13:Sectoral distribution of workers: 2018-19 (State-wise) xxix

Exhibit 14: Labour force participation rate (LFPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each
State/UT age groups: 15-29 year xxxi

Exhibit 15: Worker Population Ratio (WPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age
groups: 15-29 years xxxiv

Exhibit 16: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age
groups: 15-29 years xxxvii

Exhibit 17: Birth rate and death rate (1971 to 2017) vis-à-vis India (Rural, Urban, Total) xl

Exhibit 18:Rainfall trends xli

Exhibit 19: Cropping intensity over the years xliii

Exhibit 20:Livestock population xlv

Exhibit 21:District wise agriculture markets xvi

Exhibit 22:Annual tourist footfall: Domestic and Foreigners xlviii

Exhibit 23:District-wise urbanisation rate xlix

Exhibit 24:Breakdown of Punjab’s budget (2011-12 to 2020-21) (in Rs. Crores) li

 i

Exhibit1: GSDP in current and constant prices, 2011-12 to 2020-21(in Rs. Lacs)

Year GSDP at current prices GSDP at constant prices GSVA at current prices GSVA at constant prices

2011-12 26,662,829 26,662,829 25,377,429 25,377,429

2012-13 29,773,382 28,082,285 28,083,782 26,540,116

2013-14 33,214,694 29,944,973 30,832,906 27,925,101

2014-15 35,510,182 31,212,533 32,877,935 29,009,391

2015-16 39,008,744 33,005,193 35,315,538 30,520,874

2016-17 42,698,810 35,272,056 38,618,871 32,484,547

2017-18 47,083,389 37,523,825 42,677,579 34,451,888

2018-19 (P) 52,530,263 39,686,559 46,753,137 36,279,142

2019-20 (Q) 55,577,825 41,266,824 49,202,854 37,560,517

2020-21(A) 54,161,529 38,621,525 48,097,997 35,471,476

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

P=Provisional, Q= Quick, A= Advance
 ii

Exhibit2: GSDP, GSVA growth rates

Year Nominal GSDP Growth Real GSDP Growth Nominal GSVA Growth Real GSVA Growth

2012-13 11.7% 5.3% 10.7% 4.6%

2013-14 11.6% 6.6% 9.8% 5.2%

2014-15 6.9% 4.2% 6.6% 3.9%

2015-16 9.9% 5.7% 7.4% 5.2%

2016-17 9.5% 6.9% 9.4% 6.4%

2017-18 10.3% 6.4% 10.5% 6.1%

2018-19 (P) 11.6% 5.8% 9.6% 5.3%

2019-20 (Q) 5.8% 4.0% 5.2% 3.5%

2020-21 (A) -2.6% -6.4% -2.3% -5.6%

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation,
Punjab P=Provisional, Q= Quick, A= Advance
 iii

Exhibit3: Per-capita income (2011-12 to 2020-21) in current and constant (2011-12) terms (in Rs.)

Year Per- capita income at current prices Per- capita income at constant prices

2011-12 85,577 85,577

2012-13 94,318 88,915

2013-14 103,831 93,238

2014-15 108,970 95,807

2015-16 118,858 100,141

2016-17 128,780 105,848

2017-18 139,775 110,802

2018-19 (P) 153,940 115,529

2019-20 (Q) 161,083 118,848

2020-21(A) 155,157 109,839

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab
P=Provisional, Q= Quick, A= Advance
 iv

Exhibit4: District wise per-capita income (in Rs.)

Year wise Per Capita Net District Domestic Product Year wise Per Capita Net District Domestic Product

At Constant (2011-12) Prices At Current Prices

District 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Gurdaspur 66,461 66,702 66,373 63,255 64,536 72,425 75,797 66,461 70,850 73,901 73,038 76,983 88,723 96,990

Pathankot 75,473 78,047 74,997 71,225 81,279 85,581 89,243 75,473 83,181 82,923 82,111 97,294 103,948 112,818

Amritsar 68,848 73,242 82,309 86,763 89,155 93,817 98,075 68,848 77,948 92,195 98,903 104,170 112,955 122,360

Taran Tarn 66,084 69,119 69,549 69,254 74,363 74,821 79,774 66,084 73,605 77,678 79,905 89,894 93,279 104,723

Kapurthala 91,630 95,961 113,729 107,110 114,563 113,411 119,020 91,630 101,614 127,181 122,620 138,262 138,875 152,028

Jalandhar 91,957 97,191 103,213 107,737 117,224 119,189 127,111 91,957 103,333 115,030 121,106 136,583 142,134 157,237

SBS Nagar 102,262 106,565 104,619 109,469 114,978 120,608 127,953 102,262 113,361 116,758 124,339 137,029 147,458 160929

Hoshiarpur 99,543 101,509 100,151 103,320 108,766 115,063 119,548 99,543 107,304 110,685 118,058 129,478 139,754 148,501

Roopnagar 101,739 103,084 114,583 128,001 132,614 139,004 145,161 101,739 109,702 127,473 146,917 156,900 169,725 182,552

SAS Nagar 100,838 105,125 113,386 118,934 120,738 129,612 137,942 100,838 111,065 126,429 132,816 141,439 154,310 168,706

Ludhiana 101,951 106,754 107,483 114,153 122,015 127,929 132,712 101,951 113,373 119,614 127,014 142,543 152,332 162,143

Firozepur 80,190 87,036 82,927 80,616 84,653 91,389 98,280 80,190 92,324 93,057 94,155 103,552 115,050 130,308

Fazilka 65,959 65,533 82,584 78,297 78,512 91,299 92,208 65,959 69,468 90,810 90,146 94,291 112,531 118,072

Faridkot 79,814 81,164 91,515 92,542 98,150 101,477 108,007 79,814 86,432 102,629 107,514 118,686 126,739 141,959

Muktsar 76,200 80,012 80,609 81,299 91,049 91,288 94,715 76,200 84,667 89,276 92,824 110,254 113,853 122,982
 v

Year wise Per Capita Net District Domestic Product Year wise Per Capita Net District Domestic Product

At Constant (2011-12) Prices At Current Prices

District 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Moga 91,342 95,434 100,833 103,718 109,741 115,490 120,436 91,342 101,350 112,528 117,513 131,391 141,197 152,903

Bathinda 78,936 81,289 85,884 88,164 83,203 92,258 95,648 78,936 85,651 94,648 100,503 98,955 112,387 121,167

Mansa 72,896 73,261 76,909 77,087 78,214 86,372 89,749 72,896 77,262 85,195 89,562 95,316 108,781 119,087

Sangrur 90,654 94,768 100,860 104,828 106,589 115,263 120,198 90,654 100,750 112,668 119,939 127,528 141,852 154,432

Barnala 88,658 92,033 91,380 91,643 99,359 106,915 113,784 88,658 97,009 101,976 105,066 120,254 133,832 148,547

Patiala 85,301 86,537 91,560 95,432 97,305 103,414 106,707 85,301 91,769 102,280 108,906 115,290 126,035 134,920

Fatehgarh
98,232 104,929 108,636 112,920 115,086 119,040 126,835 98,232 110,524 121,376 128,499 137,764 146,519 161,690
Sahib

Punjab 85,577 88,915 93,238 95,807 100,141 105,848 110,802 85,577 94,318 103,831 108,970 118,858 128,780 139,775

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

 vi

Exhibit5: Sector wise GSVA (2011-12 to 2020-21) in current prices (in Rs. Crores)

S. No Item FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19(P) FY 20(Q) FY 21(A)

Agriculture, forestry and

1. fishing 78,168 83,735 91,015 94,882 101,398 112,872 124,471 134,093 141,064 151,749

1.1 Crops 50,079 53,143 57,602 57,156 59,364 66,331 71,891 76,461 77,728 84,776

1.2 Livestock 20,346 22,220 24,903 28,047 32,112 36,134 41,852 46,455 516,42 54,985

1.3 Forestry and logging 7,157 7,696 7,588 8,602 8,735 9,028 9,285 9,741 10,078 10,331

1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 586 676 922 1,077 1,186 1,379 1,442 1,436 1,616 1,657

2. Mining and quarrying 37 21 88 93 25 37 112 135 150 132

Primary 78,205 83,755 91,103 94,975 101,423 112,909 124,583 134,228 141,213 151,881

3. Manufacturing 37,507 40,671 44,375 44,585 51,126 54,772 59,140 64,585 65,081 59,886

Electricity, gas, water supply

4. & other utility services 7,149 8,160 9,594 12,373 13,485 14,586 18,977 20,210 21,375 21,033

5. Construction 19,784 20,547 22,564 23,089 22,954 25,262 27,936 31,215 32,185 28,194

Secondary 64,441 69,378 76,533 80,047 87,565 94,621 106,052 116,010 118,641 109,113

Trade, repair, hotels and

6. restaurants 25,325 29,931 33,681 36,486 38,014 41,892 46,002 51,190 54,107 44,233

6.1 Trade & repair services 23,717 28,157 31,738 34,427 35,771 39,196 43,044 47,869 50,552 413,47
 vii

S. No Item FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19(P) FY 20(Q) FY 21(A)

6.2 Hotels & restaurants 1,608 1,774 1,942 2,058 2,243 2,696 2,959 3,321 3,555 2,887

Transport, storage,
communication & services
7. related to broadcasting 13,213 15,402 16,631 18,181 19,748 20,789 22,323 24,809 25,983 22,104

7.1 Railways 1,904 2,289 2,150 2,406 2,450 2,250 2,388 2,617 2,759 2,472

7.2 Road transport 6,251 7,089 7,869 8,452 8,701 9,481 10,461 11,766 12,071 9,892

7.3 Water transport - - - - - - - - -

7.4 Air transport 25 47 41 65 114 132 172 130 162 168

Services incidental to
7.5 transport 321 369 409 441 463 687 734 799 845 765

7.6 Storage 480 911 225 230 425 440 645 646 663 673

Communication & services

7.7 related to broadcasting 4,232 4,698 5,937 6,586 7,595 7,800 7,924 8,850 9,483 8,134

8. Financial services 14,643 16,560 17,069 16,961 18,928 19,208 20,929 23,652 24,480 24,773

Real estate, ownership of

dwelling & professional
9. services 22,747 25,741 28,816 31,474 32,760 35,870 39,024 43,130 45,715 46,181

10. Public administration 12,695 14,869 15,399 17,533 18,410 20,238 22,126 23,145 24,771 25,061
 viii

S. No Item FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19(P) FY 20(Q) FY 21(A)

11. Other services 22,506 25,201 29,096 33,123 36,307 40,662 45,736 51,367 57,119 57,633

Tertiary 111,129 127,704 140,693 153,757 164,167 178,659 196,141 217,294 232,174 219,986

12. TOTAL GSVA at basic prices 253,774 280,838 308,329 328,779 353,155 386,189 426,776 467,531 492,029 480,980
Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab
P=Provisional, Q= Quick, A= Advance
 ix

Exhibit6: Sector wise GSVA (2011-12 to 2020-21) at constant (2011-12) prices (in Rs. Crores)

S. No Item FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19(P) FY 20(Q) FY 21(A)

Agriculture, forestry and

1. fishing 78,168 78,868 81,472 78,661 79,763 84,749 88,641 90,183 91,816 96,697

1.1 Crops 50,079 50,142 51,738 48,244 47,946 51,195 52,952 52,721 52,174 55,462

1.2 Livestock 20,346 21,098 22,209 22,862 24,045 25,492 27,335 28,919 30,806 32,272

1.3 Forestry and logging 7,157 7,033 6,901 6,866 7,052 7,265 7,531 7,717 7,910 8,012

1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 586 595 624 689 721 796 823 826 927 951

2. Mining and quarrying 37 20 78 82 33 43 49 52 62 56

Primary 78,205 78,888 81,550 78,743 79,796 84,792 88,690 90,236 91,878 96,753

3. Manufacturing 37,507 38,925 40,960 42,987 45,599 48,817 51,675 54,180 54,219 49,117

Electricity, gas, water supply

4. & other utility services 7,149 7,530 8,013 9,217 10,615 11,522 12,570 13,331 13,882 14,267

5. Construction 19,784 19,421 19,978 20,254 20,719 21,322 22,345 24,040 24,482 21,397

Secondary 64,441 65,876 68,951 72,457 76,933 81,661 86,591 91,551 92,583 84,781

Trade, repair, hotels and

6. restaurants 25,325 27,582 30,049 32,374 34,589 36,749 39,348 42,011 43,803 34,583

6.1 Trade & repair services 23,717 25,902 28,288 30,561 32,663 34,643 37,078 39,607 41,315 32,469
 x

S. No Item FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19(P) FY 20(Q) FY 21(A)

6.2 Hotels & restaurants 1,608 1,681 1,761 1,813 1,926 2,105 2,270 2,404 2,489 2,114

Transport, storage,
communication & services
7. related to broadcasting 13,213 14,637 15,180 16,388 17,695 18,579 19,585 20,854 21,617 18,592

7.1 Railways 1,904 2,288 1,996 2,111 2,186 2,201 2,308 2,415 2,504 2,278

7.2 Road transport 6,251 6,687 7,288 7,765 8,219 8,838 9,519 10,189 10.526 8,492

7.3 Water transport - - - - - - - - -

7.4 Air transport 25 43 35 98 114 121 135 148 158 143

Services incidental to
7.5 transport 321 348 379 411 442 472 505 537 554 506

7.6 Storage 480 860 224 227 366 383 423 458 465 455

Communication & services

7.7 related to broadcasting 4,232 4,411 5,258 5,776 6,367 6,564 6,696 7,107 7,409 6,718

8. Financial services 14,643 15,526 16,030 16,516 17,314 18,001 18,936 20,005 21,025 20,896

Real estate, ownership of

dwelling & professional
9. services 22,747 24,481 26,188 28,181 29,671 31,788 34,049 36,307 37,971 36,634

10. Public administration 12,695 13,961 14,589 15,749 16,651 17,792 19,031 20,056 21,607 21,062
 xi

S. No Item FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19(P) FY 20(Q) FY 21(A)

11. Other services 22,506 24,450 26,714 29,685 32,561 35,484 38,288 41,773 45,121 41,412

Tertiary 111,129 120,637 128,750 138,894 148,480 158,392 169,238 181,005 191,144 173,181

12. TOTAL GSVA at basic prices 253,774 265,401 279,251 290,094 305,209 324,845 344,519 362,791 375,605 354,715

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

P=Provisional, Q= Quick, A= Advance
 xii

Exhibit7: Sectoral growth rates

GSVA at current prices GSVA at constant (2011-12) prices

S. No. Item FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19 FY 20 FY 21 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19 FY 20 FY 21

Agriculture,
1. forestry and 7% 9% 4% 7% 11% 10% 8% 5% 8% 1% 3% -3% 1% 6% 5% 2% 2% 5%
fishing

1.1 Crops 6% 8% -1% 4% 12% 8% 6% 2% 9% 0% 3% -7% -1% 7% 3% 0% -1% 6%

1.2 Livestock 9% 12% 13% 14% 13% 16% 11% 11% 6% 4% 5% 3% 5% 6% 7% 6% 7% 5%

Forestry and
1.3 8% -1% 13% 2% 3% 3% 5% 3% 3% -2% -2% -1% 3% 3% 4% 2% 2% 1%
logging

Fishing and
1.4 15% 36% 17% 10% 16% 5% 0% 13% 3% 2% 5% 10% 5% 10% 3% 0% 12% 3%
aquaculture

Mining and
2. -44% 329% 5% -73% 49% 201% 20% 11% -12% -46% 290% 5% -60% 31% 14% 6% 18% -9%
quarrying

Primary 7% 9% 4% 7% 11% 10% 8% 5% 8% 1% 3% -3% 1% 6% 5% 2% 2% 5%

3. Manufacturing 8% 9% 0% 15% 7% 8% 9% 1% -8% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% 6% 5% 0% -9%

Electricity, gas,
water supply &
4. 14% 18% 29% 9% 8% 30% 7% 6% -2% 5% 6% 15% 15% 9% 9% 6% 4% 3%
other utility
services

5. Construction 4% 10% 2% -1% 10% 11% 12% 3% -12% -2% 3% 1% 2% 3% 5% 8% 2% -13%

Secondary 8% 10% 5% 9% 8% 12% 9% 2% -8% 2% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% 6% 1% -8%

Trade, repair,
6. 18% 13% 8% 4% 10% 10% 11% 6% -18% 9% 9% 8% 7% 6% 7% 7% 4% -21%
hotels and
 xiii

GSVA at current prices GSVA at constant (2011-12) prices

S. No. Item FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19 FY 20 FY 21 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19 FY 20 FY 21

restaurants

Trade & repair

6.1 19% 13% 8% 4% 10% 10% 11% 6% -18% 9% 9% 8% 7% 6% 7% 7% 4% -21%
services

Hotels &
6.2 10% 9% 6% 9% 20% 10% 12% 7% -19% 5% 5% 3% 6% 9% 8% 6% 4% -15%
restaurants

Transport,
storage,
communication
7. 17% 8% 9% 9% 5% 7% 11% 5% -15% 11% 4% 8% 8% 5% 5% 6% 4% -14%
& services
related to
broadcasting

7.1 Railways 20% -6% 12% 2% -8% 6% 10% 5% -10% 20% -13% 6% 4% 1% 5% 5% 4% -9%

7.2 Road transport 13% 11% 7% 3% 9% 10% 12% 3% -18% 7% 9% 7% 6% 8% 8% 7% 3% -19%

7.3 Water transport 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

7.4 Air transport 89% -12% 58% 75% 16% 31% -24% 24% 3% 76% -19% 177% 17% 6% 11% 10% 7% -10%

Services
7.5 incidental to 15% 11% 8% 5% 48% 7% 9% 6% -9% 8% 9% 9% 7% 7% 7% 7% 3% -9%
transport

7.6 Storage 90% -75% 2% 85% 3% 47% 0% 3% 2% 79% -74% 1% 61% 5% 10% 8% 2% -2%

Communication
& services
7.7 11% 26% 11% 15% 3% 2% 12% 7% -14% 4% 19% 10% 10% 3% 2% 6% 4% -9%
related to
broadcasting
 xiv

GSVA at current prices GSVA at constant (2011-12) prices

S. No. Item FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19 FY 20 FY 21 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19 FY 20 FY 21

Financial
8. 13% 3% -1% 12% 1% 9% 13% 4% 1% 6% 3% 3% 5% 4% 5% 6% 5% -1%
services

Real estate,
ownership of
9. dwelling & 13% 12% 9% 4% 9% 9% 11% 6% 1% 8% 7% 8% 5% 7% 7% 7% 5% -4%
professional
services

Public
10. 17% 4% 14% 5% 10% 9% 5% 7% 1% 10% 4% 8% 6% 7% 7% 5% 8% -3%
administration

11. Other services 12% 15% 14% 10% 12% 12% 12% 11% 1% 9% 9% 11% 10% 9% 8% 9% 8% -8%

Tertiary 15% 10% 9% 7% 9% 10% 11% 7% -5% 9% 7% 8% 7% 7% 7% 7% 6% -9%

TOTAL GSVA
12. 11% 10% 7% 7% 9% 11% 10% 5% -2% 5% 5% 4% 5% 6% 6% 5% 4% -6%
at basic prices

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

 xv

Exhibit8: Sectoral share of GSVA at current prices

S. 2018- 2019- 2020-

Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No 19(P) 20(Q) 21(A)

1. Agriculture, forestry and fishing 31% 30% 30% 29% 29% 29% 29% 29% 29% 32%

1.1 Crops 20% 19% 19% 17% 17% 17% 17% 16% 16% 18%

1.2 Livestock 8% 8% 8% 9% 9% 9% 10% 10% 11% 11%

1.3 Forestry and logging 3% 3% 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%

1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

2. Mining and quarrying 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Primary 31% 30% 30% 29% 29% 29% 29% 29% 29% 32%

3. Manufacturing 15% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 13% 12%

Electricity, gas, water supply & other

4. 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%
utility services

5. Construction 8% 7% 7% 7% 6% 7% 7% 7% 7% 6%

Secondary 25% 25% 25% 24% 25% 25% 25% 25% 24% 23%

6. Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants 10% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 9%

6.1 Trade & repair services 9% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 9%

6.2 Hotels & restaurants 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Transport, storage, communication &

7. 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
services related to broadcasting

7.1 Railways 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
 xvi

S. 2018- 2019- 2020-

Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No 19(P) 20(Q) 21(A)

7.2 Road transport 2% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2%

7.3 Water transport 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

7.4 Air transport 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

7.5 Services incidental to transport 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

7.6 Storage 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Communication & services related to

7.7 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
broadcasting

8. Financial services 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%

Real estate, ownership of dwelling &

9. 9% 9% 9% 10% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 10%
professional services

10. Public administration 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%

11. Other services 9% 9% 9% 10% 10% 11% 11% 11% 12% 12%

Tertiary 44% 45% 46% 47% 46% 46% 46% 46% 47% 46%

12. TOTAL GSVA at basic prices 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab
P=Provisional, Q= Quick, A= Advance
 xvii

Exhibit 9 : Monthly inflation rates: rural-urban-combined (Apr 2017 to Dec 2019) vis-à-vis India

Punjab India
Year Month Description Rural Urban Combined Rural Urban Combined
2017 April General Index (All Groups) 5.11 3.09 4.22 3.02 3.03 2.99
2017 May General Index (All Groups) 4.02 2.91 3.46 2.3 2.13 2.18
2017 June General Index (All Groups) 2.78 1.28 2.07 1.52 1.41 1.46
2017 July General Index (All Groups) 3.05 1.18 2.2 2.41 2.17 2.36
2017 August General Index (All Groups) 3.79 2.92 3.43 3.22 3.35 3.28
2017 September General Index (All Groups) 3.7 2.21 3.04 3.15 3.44 3.28
2017 October General Index (All Groups) 3.92 2.29 3.19 3.36 3.81 3.58
2017 November General Index (All Groups) 5.24 3.31 4.36 4.79 4.9 4.88
2017 December General Index (All Groups) 6.2 3.9 5.18 5.27 5.09 5.21
2018 January General Index (All Groups) 6.7 3.82 5.42 5.21 4.93 5.07
2018 February General Index (All Groups) 5.5 2.94 4.31 4.45 4.52 4.44
2018 March General Index (All Groups) 4.63 2.21 3.59 4.44 4.12 4.28
2018 April General Index (All Groups) 4.94 3.08 4.05 4.67 4.42 4.58
2018 May General Index (All Groups) 5.41 2.99 4.36 4.88 4.72 4.87
2018 June General Index (All Groups) 6.33 4.67 5.62 4.93 4.85 4.92
2018 July General Index (All Groups) 5.69 3.82 4.92 4.11 4.32 4.17
2018 August General Index (All Groups) 4.47 1.99 3.32 3.41 3.99 3.69
2018 September General Index (All Groups) 4.83 3.79 4.38 3.27 4.31 3.7
2018 October General Index (All Groups) 3.55 4.4 3.92 2.82 4.04 3.38
2018 November General Index (All Groups) 3.59 2.9 3.36 1.71 3.12 2.33
 xviii

Punjab India
Year Month Description Rural Urban Combined Rural Urban Combined
2018 December General Index (All Groups) 3.8 2.15 3.13 1.5 2.91 2.11
2019 January General Index (All Groups) 2.92 1.69 2.39 1.22 2.91 1.97
2019 February General Index (All Groups) 3.09 1.93 2.63 1.81 3.43 2.57
2019 March General Index (All Groups) 3.54 2.78 3.16 1.8 4.1 2.86
2019 April General Index (All Groups) 3.75 3.07 3.45 1.87 4.3 2.99
2019 May General Index (All Groups) 3.74 3.36 3.58 1.86 4.51 3.05
2019 June General Index (All Groups) 3.34 2.57 2.96 2.21 4.33 3.18
2019 July General Index (All Groups) 2.87 2.7 2.78 2.19 4.22 3.15
2019 August General Index (All Groups) 3.71 3.83 3.8 2.25 4.49 3.28
2019 September General Index (All Groups) 4.39 3.57 3.98 3.24 4.78 3.99
2019 October General Index (All Groups) 6.15 3.77 5.15 4.29 5.11 4.62
2019 November General Index (All Groups) 5.44 4.6 5.05 5.27 5.76 5.54
2019 December General Index (All Groups) 7.1 6.91 7.02 7.33 7.46 7.35
2020 January General Index (All Groups) 7.73 7.76 7.72 7.73 7.39 7.59
2020 February General Index (All Groups) 7.41 7.79 7.53 6.67 6.57 6.58
2020 March General Index (All Groups) 7.19 7.07 7.15 6.09 5.59 5.84
2020 June General Index (All Groups) 5.06 5.01 5.10 6.34 6.12 6.23
2020 July General Index (All Groups) 5.72 5.93 5.84 6.76 6.70 6.73
2020 August General Index (All Groups) 5.02 5.79 5.34 6.66 6.80 6.69
2020 September General Index (All Groups) 5.30 6.18 5.71 7.36 7.26 7.27
 xix

Punjab India
Year Month Description Rural Urban Combined Rural Urban Combined
2020 October General Index (All Groups) 5.39 6.20 5.73 7.75 7.33 7.61
2020 November General Index (All Groups) 5.03 5.75 5.36 7.20 6.73 6.93
2020 December General Index (All Groups) 2.17 4.00 2.91 4.07 5.19 4.59
Source: Mospi,Government of India
 xx

Exhibit10: Labour force participation rate (LFPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-59 years (State-
wise)

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Andhra Pradesh 83.5 53.4 68.4 80.6 29.9 54.3 82.5 45.1 63.5

Arunachal Pradesh 67.3 17.8 45.5 66.0 15.2 41.7 67.1 17.4 44.8

Assam 82.6 13.5 49.7 78.4 14.8 47.6 82.1 13.6 49.4

Bihar 76.3 4.2 41.5 72.8 7.0 40.9 76.0 4.5 41.4

Chhattisgarh 80.9 56.7 69.0 82.3 31.4 56.6 81.1 51.7 66.6

Delhi 80.5 16.3 49.8 79.7 19.8 53.6 79.7 19.7 53.5

Goa 75.8 34.4 54.1 83.0 36.5 60.1 80.4 35.6 57.8

Gujarat 84.6 27.1 56.9 83.0 18.6 52.3 83.9 23.5 54.9

Haryana 80.0 15.1 49.3 79.3 21.0 52.5 79.7 17.1 50.4

Himachal Pradesh 80.3 67.5 73.8 78.4 34.1 58.0 80.1 64.1 72.1

Jammu & Kashmir 80.4 39.8 60.4 78.7 23.3 51.6 80.0 36.3 58.5

Jharkhand 82.4 25.8 52.6 77.8 12.8 43.6 81.3 22.7 50.5

Karnataka 83.4 31.5 58.0 83.8 23.1 54.4 83.5 28.2 56.6

Kerala 76.5 35.5 54.6 79.9 35.0 55.4 78.1 35.2 55.0

Madhya Pradesh 83.7 33.7 59.6 78.8 19.1 49.5 82.1 29.8 56.9

Maharashtra 79.8 42.9 62.1 79.6 24.8 53.0 79.7 35.1 58.2
 xxi

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Manipur 77.3 26.8 51.5 73.9 29.8 51.7 76.3 27.7 51.5

Meghalaya 79.4 57.9 68.7 67.8 30.9 48.5 77.5 53.1 65.2

Mizoram 77.5 30.3 54.6 68.1 31.7 49.1 73.2 30.9 52.0

Nagaland 74.0 23.9 48.4 73.3 19.3 46.5 73.8 22.6 47.8

Odisha 85.5 28.2 56.0 81.7 22.2 50.8 84.9 27.2 55.2

Punjab 77.9 20.9 50.5 83.1 21.3 54.2 80.0 21.1 51.9

Rajasthan 78.6 39.9 59.3 79.0 18.0 49.3 78.7 34.1 56.6

Sikkim 77.9 57.9 68.3 78.1 37.9 60.4 77.9 52.7 66.1

Tamil Nadu 84.5 47.5 64.8 80.0 32.0 55.7 82.2 40.2 60.4

Telangana 80.0 52.2 65.6 79.0 26.8 53.2 79.6 41.5 60.2

Tripura 82.7 17.5 50.9 78.6 23.1 50.3 82.0 18.5 50.8

Uttarakhand 74.9 23.2 48.4 77.7 17.4 49.2 75.8 21.6 48.6

Uttar Pradesh 76.2 15.3 44.9 73.9 09.9 43.0 75.6 14.1 44.4

West Bengal 87.2 22.2 54.5 84.2 27.6 55.7 86.2 23.9 54.9

A & N Islands 89.8 34.9 61.3 89.2 34.9 64.2 89.5 34.9 62.5

Chandigarh 81.4 23.5 56.9 79.3 27.7 54.9 79.4 27.5 54.9

Dadra & Nagar Haveli 85.7 66.0 77.1 88.3 21.1 64.0 87.2 43.5 69.9

Daman & Diu 90.5 10.2 50.2 90.9 22.5 61.1 90.9 20.0 59.2
 xxii

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Lakshadweep 87.8 13.4 52.9 82.0 22.9 49.2 83.7 20.8 50.1

Puducherry 90.5 46.5 66.5 81.9 28.2 53.0 85.1 35.0 58.0

All-India 80.6 28.3 54.5 79.6 22.5 51.6 80.3 26.5 53.6

Source: PLFS, 2018-19

 xxiii

Exhibit11: Worker Population Ratio (WPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-59 years

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Andhra Pradesh 79.0 51.1 65.0 75.2 26.7 50.1 77.7 42.5 59.9

Arunachal Pradesh 63.3 15.6 42.3 61.0 10.8 37.0 62.9 14.8 41.4

Assam 77.2 12.5 46.4 70.4 12.5 42.3 76.4 12.5 45.9

Bihar 67.9 4.2 37.1 64.8 6.2 36.4 67.6 4.4 37.0

Chhattisgarh 78.7 56.2 67.7 78.3 29.0 53.4 78.6 50.9 64.9

Delhi 80.0 16.3 49.6 70.7 17.8 47.7 71.7 17.7 47.8

Goa 73.9 27.5 49.6 76.8 30.7 54.1 75.7 29.4 52.4

Gujarat 81.3 26.6 54.9 80.1 18.1 50.5 80.8 23.0 53.0

Haryana 71.4 14.0 44.3 72.1 19.1 47.8 71.7 15.7 45.5

Himachal Pradesh 75.4 64.2 69.8 73.0 28.8 52.6 75.1 60.6 67.9

Jammu & Kashmir 77.8 37.2 57.8 73.9 16.8 46.0 76.9 32.9 55.3

Jharkhand 77.4 25.6 50.2 70.7 11.7 39.7 75.8 22.3 47.7

Karnataka 80.4 31.0 56.2 79.5 21.7 51.5 80.1 27.4 54.4

Kerala 72.2 29.2 49.2 75.1 27.7 49.3 73.5 28.5 49.3

Madhya Pradesh 81.0 33.5 58.1 71.5 17.9 45.7 78.5 29.3 54.8

Maharashtra 75.8 41.4 59.3 75.2 22.2 49.5 75.6 33.1 55.1

Manipur 71.1 22.4 46.2 66.1 27.4 46.6 69.7 23.8 46.3
 xxiv

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Meghalaya 77.8 56.6 67.2 64.5 26.6 44.7 75.6 51.3 63.4

Mizoram 74.1 27.7 51.6 62.9 27.5 44.5 68.9 27.6 48.2

Nagaland 62.6 18.3 39.9 61.9 11.1 36.7 62.4 16.3 39.0

Odisha 79.3 26.9 52.3 73.0 17.2 44.0 78.2 25.3 51.0

Punjab 71.5 19.1 46.2 77.8 18.8 50.2 74.0 19.0 47.8

Rajasthan 73.4 39.0 56.3 72.0 15.3 44.4 73.1 32.8 53.1

Sikkim 75.4 56.8 66.5 75.0 35.0 57.3 75.3 51.1 64.0

Tamil Nadu 77.8 44.6 60.1 74.9 29.1 51.7 76.4 37.3 56.0

Telangana 73.2 49.5 60.9 71.6 22.0 47.1 72.5 38.0 54.9

Tripura 77.9 12.4 45.9 71.6 16.0 43.3 76.8 13.1 45.4

Uttarakhand 70.6 19.9 44.6 69.5 12.1 42.4 70.3 17.8 44.0

Uttar Pradesh 72.2 15.0 42.7 65.4 09.3 38.3 70.4 13.7 41.7

West Bengal 83.6 21.9 52.5 79.5 26.5 52.8 82.3 23.4 52.6

A & N Islands 83.5 23.0 52.1 85.9 21.6 56.3 84.6 22.4 53.9

Chandigarh 81.4 21.2 56.0 73.3 24.9 50.4 73.7 24.8 50.7

Dadra & Nagar Haveli 84.1 66.0 76.2 87.1 20.0 62.8 85.8 42.9 68.9

Daman & Diu 90.5 10.2 50.2 90.9 22.5 61.1 90.8 20.0 59.1

Lakshadweep 53.2 07.3 31.6 63.7 11.7 34.9 60.8 10.8 34.1
 xxv

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Puducherry 78.7 41.8 58.5 76.6 26.7 49.7 77.3 32.3 52.9

all-India 75.8 27.2 51.5 73.7 20.2 47.5 75.1 25.0 50.3

Source: PLFS, 2018-19

 xxvi

Exhibit12: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-59 years

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Andhra Pradesh 5.3 4.2 4.9 6.7 10.6 7.8 5.8 5.7 5.7

Arunachal Pradesh 6.0 12.3 7.1 7.6 28.9 11.3 6.2 14.9 7.7

Assam 6.5 7.2 6.6 10.3 15.6 11.1 6.9 8.2 7.1

Bihar 11.1 1.4 10.6 11.0 12.3 11.1 11.0 3.1 10.6

Chhattisgarh 2.7 0.8 1.9 4.9 7.8 5.7 3.1 1.6 2.6

Delhi 0.6 0.0 0.5 11.2 10.1 11.1 10.9 9.8 10.7

Goa 2.5 19.9 8.3 7.5 15.8 10.0 5.8 17.4 9.4

Gujarat 3.9 1.9 3.5 3.5 2.6 3.4 3.7 2.1 3.4

Haryana 10.7 7.3 10.2 9.0 9.0 9.0 10.1 8.0 9.8

Himachal Pradesh 6.1 4.8 5.5 6.9 15.7 9.3 6.2 5.4 5.8

Jammu & Kashmir 3.3 6.5 4.3 6.0 27.7 10.8 3.8 9.4 5.6

Jharkhand 6.1 0.6 4.7 9.0 8.7 9.0 6.7 1.7 5.5

Karnataka 3.5 1.4 3.0 5.1 6.2 5.3 4.1 3.0 3.9

Kerala 5.6 17.8 9.9 6.0 20.7 11.0 5.8 19.1 10.4

Madhya Pradesh 3.2 0.6 2.5 8.0 6.4 7.7 4.4 1.6 3.7

Maharashtra 5.1 3.6 4.6 5.4 10.5 6.6 5.2 5.7 5.4

Manipur 7.9 16.5 10.2 10.5 8.0 9.7 8.7 13.9 10.1
 xxvii

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Meghalaya 2.0 2.2 2.1 4.8 14.0 7.9 2.4 3.4 2.8

Mizoram 4.4 8.3 5.4 7.7 13.2 9.5 5.8 10.8 7.3

Nagaland 15.5 23.5 17.5 15.5 42.3 21.0 15.5 27.9 18.5

Odisha 7.3 4.4 6.6 10.7 22.5 13.3 7.9 6.9 7.6

Punjab 8.3 8.9 8.4 6.4 11.8 7.4 7.5 10.0 8.0

Rajasthan 6.5 2.2 5.1 8.8 14.8 9.9 7.1 3.9 6.2

Sikkim 3.2 1.9 2.7 4.0 7.7 5.0 3.4 3.0 3.3

Tamil Nadu 7.9 6.3 7.3 6.4 9.1 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.2

Telangana 8.6 5.1 7.2 9.4 17.8 11.5 8.9 8.6 8.8

Tripura 5.8 29.1 9.8 8.9 30.6 14.0 6.4 29.5 10.5

Uttarakhand 5.7 14.0 7.8 10.5 30.2 13.8 7.2 17.5 9.5

Uttar Pradesh 5.3 2.0 4.7 11.5 6.2 10.9 6.9 2.7 6.2

West Bengal 4.1 1.5 3.6 5.5 4.0 5.2 4.6 2.4 4.1

A & N Islands 6.9 34.2 15.0 3.7 38.2 12.3 5.5 35.8 13.8

Chandigarh 0.0 9.6 1.7 7.5 10.0 8.1 7.1 10.0 7.8

Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1.8 0.0 1.2 1.4 5.4 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.5

Daman & Diu 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lakshadweep 39.4 45.6 40.2 22.3 48.7 29.1 27.4 48.3 32.0
 xxviii

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Puducherry 13.1 10.1 12.0 6.6 5.5 6.3 9.1 7.8 8.7

All-India 6.0 3.8 5.4 7.4 10.3 8.0 6.5 5.5 6.2

Source: PLFS, 2018-19

 xxix

Exhibit13:Sectoral distribution of workers: 2018-19 (State-wise)

Electricity, Financial
Agriculture, Trade Accommodation Transport,
Mining & Gas & & Real Other
State forestry and Manufacturing Construction & & Food service Storage &
quarrying other insurance Estate Services
fishing Repair activities Communication
utilities activities
Andhra
44.35 0.29 10.60 0.67 10.89 9.24 2.90 7.08 1.02 0.29 12.67
Pradesh

Bihar 48.89 0.34 5.30 0.25 16.79 12.17 1.64 4.78 0.57 0.07 9.21

Chhattisgarh 64.65 0.51 5.46 0.38 9.39 8.80 0.87 1.99 0.24 0.05 7.67

Goa 8.09 1.12 16.39 1.51 7.52 20.83 8.04 9.09 2.01 0.14 25.27

Gujarat 42.77 0.62 20.84 0.40 5.29 10.89 0.84 5.72 1.97 0.10 10.55

Haryana 26.85 0.07 17.60 1.28 13.94 12.82 1.19 7.27 1.96 0.79 16.23

Jharkhand 42.77 1.83 7.68 0.53 22.31 8.46 1.38 4.58 1.08 0.15 9.22

Karnataka 40.97 0.53 11.74 0.51 8.68 10.77 2.82 10.73 1.67 0.39 11.18

Kerala 20.36 0.33 11.77 0.77 19.53 14.27 3.25 9.31 3.29 0.15 16.99

Madhya
57.21 0.35 6.84 0.31 12.68 8.49 1.22 3.05 0.34 0.10 9.38
Pradesh

Maharashtra 45.34 0.32 11.24 0.67 6.35 11.07 2.11 6.74 1.84 0.25 14.07

Odisha 44.10 0.96 8.15 0.41 19.97 9.89 1.44 5.18 0.59 0.02 9.31

Punjab 24.59 0.12 19.39 1.37 14.51 14.11 2.41 5.74 1.20 0.35 16.22

Rajasthan 52.73 0.72 7.50 0.74 12.76 8.04 1.52 4.57 0.86 0.16 10.41

Tamil Nadu 27.26 0.20 18.74 0.80 14.70 11.30 3.08 8.48 1.57 0.27 13.60
 xxx

Electricity, Financial
Agriculture, Trade Accommodation Transport,
Mining & Gas & & Real Other
State forestry and Manufacturing Construction & & Food service Storage &
quarrying other insurance Estate Services
fishing Repair activities Communication
utilities activities

Telangana 43.56 0.51 12.86 0.45 8.67 8.79 1.09 7.48 1.00 0.66 14.92

Uttar
49.99 0.14 10.51 0.40 13.68 10.04 1.45 3.83 0.78 0.13 9.05
Pradesh

West
34.24 0.38 18.66 0.44 11.07 11.69 1.65 6.24 0.85 0.10 14.68
Bengal

India 42.49 0.42 12.07 0.56 12.10 10.76 1.86 5.93 1.17 0.20 12.46

Source: PLFS, 2018-19

 xxxi

Exhibit14: Labour force participation rate (LFPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-29
year

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Andhra Pradesh 62.50 34.00 48.30 56.10 27.70 38.70 60.40 30.00 45.00

Arunachal Pradesh 28.70 14.70 23.20 25.70 13.70 20.00 28.20 14.50 22.60

Assam 58.70 8.80 34.60 53.20 13.80 34.50 58.10 9.30 34.50

Bihar 50.70 01.40 27.90 45.20 03.70 25.30 50.20 01.60 27.60

Chhattisgarh 54.60 34.00 44.50 58.60 22.60 40.00 55.30 31.70 43.60

Delhi 60.10 32.40 47.20 59.90 14.80 41.70 59.90 15.50 41.90

Goa 45.60 44.30 44.90 68.60 33.80 52.10 60.70 37.90 49.40

Gujarat 66.30 18.00 43.40 67.40 19.20 45.20 66.80 18.50 44.20

Haryana 61.50 8.20 37.90 58.80 15.50 40.30 60.60 11.60 38.70

Himachal Pradesh 53.10 45.50 49.50 55.10 25.40 42.20 53.30 43.10 48.60

Jammu & Kashmir 58.30 30.50 45.10 51.40 24.00 38.20 56.90 29.10 43.70

Jharkhand 64.00 17.10 38.30 55.90 08.00 30.20 62.00 15.00 36.40

Karnataka 61.80 16.70 40.60 66.80 17.30 43.10 63.80 16.90 41.60

Kerala 43.30 23.00 32.90 51.60 29.10 39.90 47.00 25.80 36.00

Madhya Pradesh 65.80 16.80 43.30 54.30 10.60 33.50 62.80 15.10 40.60

Maharashtra 57.90 20.60 41.10 57.50 19.70 39.30 57.80 20.20 40.30
 xxxii

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Manipur 48.40 18.90 32.70 42.00 19.00 30.40 46.50 18.90 32.10

Meghalaya 56.90 33.90 45.70 36.90 20.50 27.90 53.50 31.00 42.30

Mizoram 51.20 21.30 37.40 30.80 22.50 26.40 41.80 21.90 32.00

Nagaland 44.00 23.60 33.30 44.00 23.70 33.70 44.00 23.60 33.40

Odisha 66.50 18.30 41.30 59.30 21.90 39.10 65.30 19.00 40.90

Punjab 59.70 13.80 39.00 65.40 19.70 45.20 61.90 16.00 41.40

Rajasthan 57.90 22.90 44.80 56.80 12.50 35.10 57.60 20.30 39.30

Sikkim 48.90 22.70 36.80 56.00 32.60 45.70 51.00 25.50 39.40

Tamil Nadu 62.00 24.50 41.90 57.80 23.20 41.10 59.80 23.90 41.50

Telangana 54.20 28.30 40.90 59.10 21.00 40.40 56.50 25.10 40.70

Tripura 56.70 14.00 35.60 44.70 21.20 32.70 54.70 15.30 35.10

Uttarakhand 48.90 15.40 31.50 56.40 18.10 40.10 51.30 16.10 33.90

Uttar Pradesh 54.40 07.50 30.60 55.40 07.30 32.80 54.70 07.40 31.10

West Bengal 71.30 14.40 42.00 64.20 22.30 43.10 69.10 16.80 42.30

A & N Islands 70.60 44.20 55.70 75.20 32.00 53.80 72.70 39.40 54.90

Chandigarh 67.50 28.40 52.00 53.60 20.60 39.20 54.50 21.00 40.00

Dadra & Nagar Haveli 71.10 61.70 67.20 79.20 12.50 55.80 75.60 37.60 61.10

Daman & Diu 77.60 00.20 41.10 82.00 12.10 50.20 81.30 10.30 48.80
 xxxiii

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Lakshadweep 82.20 28.10 55.80 59.10 29.20 42.20 65.80 28.90 45.70

Puducherry 76.80 33.10 50.90 53.00 19.10 33.90 61.70 24.60 40.40

all-India 58.80 15.80 37.80 58.60 17.10 38.70 58.80 16.20 38.10

Source: PLFS, 2018-19

 xxxiv

Exhibit15: Worker Population Ratio (WPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-29 years

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Andhra Pradesh 52.30 28.80 40.60 43.20 15.20 28.70 49.30 24.00 36.50

Arunachal Pradesh 20.40 09.10 16.00 17.10 04.90 11.30 19.90 08.20 15.10

Assam 45.40 06.90 26.80 37.70 08.00 23.50 44.50 07.00 26.40

Bihar 34.80 01.20 19.30 31.50 02.00 17.30 34.50 01.30 19.10

Chhattisgarh 49.20 33.00 41.30 49.90 17.80 33.30 49.30 29.90 39.70

Delhi 59.20 32.40 46.80 46.30 10.50 31.90 46.80 11.50 32.50

Goa 41.90 30.70 35.90 52.50 22.70 38.40 48.90 25.90 37.50

Gujarat 59.80 16.70 39.40 62.20 18.00 41.90 60.90 17.30 40.50

Haryana 45.90 06.30 28.40 49.50 12.50 33.70 47.10 08.30 30.10

Himachal Pradesh 42.10 38.20 40.30 46.70 17.20 33.90 42.70 35.70 39.50

Jammu & Kashmir 53.50 25.80 40.40 40.70 11.90 26.90 51.00 23.00 37.70

Jharkhand 54.30 16.80 33.80 43.70 05.70 23.30 51.70 14.20 31.30

Karnataka 54.90 15.80 36.60 57.80 14.20 36.90 56.10 15.20 36.70

Kerala 33.10 09.70 21.10 39.70 13.70 26.10 36.10 11.50 23.40

Madhya Pradesh 60.50 16.40 40.20 42.40 08.30 26.20 55.70 14.10 36.40

Maharashtra 50.10 17.10 35.20 49.50 15.40 33.20 49.80 16.40 34.30

Manipur 35.50 09.90 21.80 28.20 13.50 20.80 33.40 10.90 21.60
 xxxv

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Meghalaya 53.40 31.10 42.60 31.20 13.50 21.50 49.60 27.40 38.50

Mizoram 43.90 15.80 31.00 21.60 14.70 18.00 33.70 15.20 24.60

Nagaland 17.10 09.90 13.30 20.70 07.40 14.00 18.20 09.20 13.50

Odisha 51.80 15.20 32.70 43.70 11.70 26.30 50.50 14.60 31.60

Punjab 47.00 09.10 29.90 55.10 14.70 37.30 50.10 11.20 32.70

Rajasthan 48.20 21.40 35.10 43.80 07.60 26.10 47.10 17.90 32.80

Sikkim 43.50 21.20 33.20 49.80 27.50 40.00 45.40 22.90 35.20

Tamil Nadu 45.70 17.40 30.50 47.00 17.10 32.60 46.40 17.30 31.50

Telangana 38.60 22.50 30.30 43.60 12.90 28.60 40.90 18.30 29.50

Tripura 45.10 05.40 25.50 30.10 08.30 18.90 42.50 05.90 24.30

Uttarakhand 42.30 09.00 25.00 43.50 08.00 28.40 42.70 08.80 26.00

Uttar Pradesh 47.40 06.80 26.70 42.70 06.10 25.50 46.20 06.70 26.40

West Bengal 63.80 13.60 37.90 54.20 19.90 36.90 60.80 15.50 37.60

A & N Islands 56.70 16.30 33.80 66.30 12.40 39.60 61.20 14.70 36.30

Chandigarh 67.50 24.00 50.20 43.10 16.70 31.60 44.60 17.10 32.70

Dadra & Nagar Haveli 67.90 61.70 65.30 76.70 09.90 53.30 72.80 36.30 58.90

Daman & Diu 77.60 00.20 41.10 81.90 12.10 50.10 81.30 10.30 48.80

Lakshadweep 05.70 14.20 09.80 29.30 03.80 14.90 22.50 06.20 13.60
 xxxvi

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Puducherry 56.10 23.90 37.00 40.10 15.10 26.10 46.00 18.60 30.30

all-India 49.10 13.60 31.70 47.60 12.70 30.90 48.60 13.30 31.50

Source: PLFS, 2018-19

 xxxvii

Exhibit16: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-29 years

Rural Urban Rural + Urban

State/UT
Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Andhra Pradesh 16.30 15.20 15.90 23.00 33.00 26.00 18.40 19.90 18.90

Arunachal Pradesh 28.90 38.10 31.10 33.30 64.20 43.50 29.50 43.50 33.10

Assam 22.60 21.40 22.50 29.20 42.50 31.80 23.30 24.90 23.50

Bihar 31.30 10.50 30.80 30.30 47.20 31.50 31.20 19.10 30.90

Chhattisgarh 09.90 03.00 07.30 14.90 21.10 16.70 10.90 05.60 09.00

Delhi 01.50 00.00 01.00 22.60 28.80 23.50 21.90 26.30 22.50

Goa 08.30 30.60 20.00 23.40 32.70 26.30 19.50 31.70 24.20

Gujarat 09.70 07.10 09.20 07.60 06.30 07.40 08.80 06.80 08.40

Haryana 25.30 22.90 25.10 15.90 19.40 16.50 22.20 21.20 22.10

Himachal Pradesh 20.70 15.90 18.60 15.20 32.20 19.60 20.00 17.00 18.80

Jammu & Kashmir 08.20 15.20 10.40 20.80 50.20 29.70 10.40 21.00 13.80

Jharkhand 15.10 01.90 11.90 22.00 28.00 22.80 16.60 05.10 14.00

Karnataka 11.20 04.90 10.00 13.50 17.80 14.40 12.20 10.50 11.80

Kerala 23.40 57.80 35.80 23.10 53.10 34.60 23.30 55.40 35.20

Madhya Pradesh 08.10 02.60 07.10 21.90 22.10 21.90 11.30 06.40 10.40

Maharashtra 13.60 17.00 14.40 13.90 21.50 15.70 13.70 19.00 14.90

Manipur 26.80 47.60 33.20 32.80 28.90 31.60 28.40 42.60 32.80
 xxxviii

Rural Urban Rural + Urban

State/UT
Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Meghalaya 06.10 08.10 06.80 15.50 34.40 23.10 07.20 11.80 08.90

Mizoram 14.10 25.90 17.20 29.90 34.30 31.90 19.40 30.40 23.10

Nagaland 61.00 58.20 60.00 53.00 68.90 58.60 58.60 61.20 59.60

Odisha 22.00 16.80 20.80 26.40 46.90 32.60 22.70 23.00 22.80

Punjab 21.30 34.30 23.40 15.70 25.20 17.50 19.00 30.20 21.00

Rajasthan 16.70 06.50 13.90 22.90 39.10 25.70 18.30 11.70 16.60

Sikkim 11.10 06.60 09.80 11.10 15.80 12.60 11.10 09.90 10.70

Tamil Nadu 26.30 29.10 27.10 18.70 26.20 20.70 22.50 27.80 24.00

Telangana 28.90 20.60 25.90 26.30 38.30 29.40 27.60 27.10 27.40

Tripura 20.50 61.50 28.50 32.70 60.80 42.00 22.20 61.30 30.70

Uttarakhand 13.50 41.30 20.60 22.90 55.80 29.20 16.80 45.30 23.50

Uttar Pradesh 13.00 08.70 12.50 22.90 16.90 22.30 15.60 10.50 15.00

West Bengal 10.50 05.40 09.60 15.60 10.90 14.40 12.00 07.60 11.10

A & N Islands 19.70 63.10 39.20 11.80 61.40 26.40 15.90 62.60 33.90

Chandigarh 00.00 15.50 03.40 19.60 19.00 19.50 18.10 18.80 18.20

Dadra & Nagar Haveli 04.50 00.00 02.80 03.20 21.00 04.60 03.87 03.40 03.70

Daman & Diu 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.10 00.00 00.10 00.10 00.00 00.10

Lakshadweep 93.10 49.50 82.40 50.40 87.10 64.70 65.80 78.60 70.30
 xxxix

Rural Urban Rural + Urban

State/UT
Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Puducherry 27.00 27.80 27.30 24.20 20.60 23.10 25.50 24.40 25.10

all-India 16.60 13.80 16.00 18.70 25.70 20.20 17.20 17.70 17.30

Source: PLFS, 2018-19

 xl

Exhibit17: Birth rate and death rate (1971 to 2017) vis-à-vis India (Rural, Urban, Total)

Birth Rate

Year 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2017 2018

Punjab 34% 32% 30% 29% 28% 24% 21% 18% 16% 15% 14%

India 37% 34% 34% 33% 30% 28% 25% 24% 22% 20% 20%

Death Rate

Year 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2017 2018

Punjab 10% 11% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7%

India 15% 15% 13% 11% 10% 9% 8% 8% 7% 6% 6%

Source: SRS
 xli

Exhibit 18:Rainfall trends

Annual average Rainfall by Districts in Punjab

District FY 2018-19 Rainfall (mm) Departure of annual rainfall (%)

Gurdaspur 1306.9 19%

Amritsar 511.5 -27%

Tarn Taran 560.5 26%

Kapurthala 566.2 30%

Jalandhar 575.7 -8%

S.B.S. Nagar 1109.4 18%

Hoshiarpur 904.0 0%

Rupnagar 1378.9 44%

S.A.S. Nagar 924.8 13%

Ludhiana 742.5 19%

Firozpur 107.2 -76%

Sri Muktsar Sahib 287.1 1%

Moga 340.3 -26%

Bathinda 271.5 -33%

Sangrur 492.1 -12%

Patiala 842.9 18%

Fatehgarh Sahib 712.5 7%

 xlii

Annual average Rainfall by Districts in Punjab

District FY 2018-19 Rainfall (mm) Departure of annual rainfall (%)

Faridkot 411.8 0

Mansa 759.5 -46%

Barnala 568.5 27%

Source: Statistical Abstract 2019, Rainfall Statistics of India 2018 and Indian Meterological Department
 xliii

Exhibit 19:Cropping intensity over the years

Year Crop intensity (%)

1990-91 177.9

1991-92 178.4

1992-93 182.5

1993-94 180.9

1994-95 182.7

1995-96 187.3

1996-97 184.9

1997-98 184.8

1998-99 186.3

1999-00 186.4

2000-01 186.8

2001-02 186.7

2002-03 185

2003-04 186.5

2004-05 188.8

2005-06 187.7

2006-07 187.9

2007-08 188
 xliv

Year Crop intensity (%)

2008-09 189.8

2009-10 189.4

2010-11 189.6

2011-12 191.2

2012-13 189.6

2013-14 189.3

2014-15 190.8

2015-16* 190.3

2016-17* 189

2017-18 190

2018-19 190

Source: https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=18845, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.

 xlv

Exhibit20:Livestock population

Livestock Population (000) Percentage share of total Livestock

Year 2003 2012 2019 2003 2012 2019

Cross Bred Cattle 1531 2064.63 2105.59 17.8% 25.4% 29.9%

Indigenous Cattle 508 363.09 425.87 5.9% 4.5% 6.0%

Buffalo 5995 5159.73 4015.95 69.6% 63.6% 56.9%

Others 47 41.63 505.74 0.5% 0.5% 7.2%

Total 8608 8117.1 7053.15 100.0% 100.0% 100%

Source: Livestock Census, multiple years

 xlvi

Exhibit21:District wise agriculture markets

District Number of regulated markets

Total 154

Sangrur 15

Ludhiana 13

Jalandhar 12

Gurdaspur 10

Bathinda 10

Patiala 9

Amritsar 8

Tarn Taran 8

Firozpur 9

Moga 8

Mansa 6

Kapurthala 5

Hoshiarpur 5

S.A.S. Nagar 5

Barnala 5

Fatehgarh Sahib 5

Rupnagar 4
 xlvii

District Number of regulated markets

4
Fazilka

Faridkot 4

Shri Muktsar Sahib 4

S.B.S. Nagar 3

Pathankot 2

Source: Statistical Abstract 2020, Punjab

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Exhibit22:Annual tourist footfall: Domestic and Foreigners

Sr. No. Year Domestic Foreign Total

1 2009 53,69,995 1,10,404 54,80,399

2 2010 1,05,83,509 1,37,122 1,07,20,631

3 2011 1,64,16,638 1,50,958 1,65,67,596

4 2012 1,90,56,143 1,43,805 1,91,19,948

5 2013 2,13,40,888 2,04,074 2,15,44,962

6 2014 2,42,71,302 2,55,449 2,45,26,751

7 2015 2,57,96,361 2,42,367 2,60,38,728

8 2016 3,87,03,325 6,59,736 3,93,63,061

9 2017 4,02,93,352 11,08,635 4,14,01,987

10 2018 4,45,95,061 12,00,969 4,57,96,030

11 2019 4,73,85,387 11,01,343 4,84,86,730

Source: http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/StatisticsSurveys
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Exhibit183:District-wise urbanisation rate

Urban Population Total Households Total Population

Level Name Urban Households Urbanisation rate
Person (Urban+ Rural) (Urban+ Rural)

State PUNJAB 2,154,958 10,399,146 5,513,071 27,743,338 37%

District Gurdaspur 131,366 659,319 443,666 2,298,323 29%

District Kapurthala 60,279 282,462 167,989 815,168 35%

District Jalandhar 247,953 1,161,171 461,635 2,193,590 53%

District Hoshiarpur 72,163 334,969 336,994 1,586,625 21%

Shahid Bhagat Singh

District 26,734 125,416 129,500 612,310 20%
Nagar

District Fatehgarh Sahib 39,103 185,482 118,100 600,163 31%

District Ludhiana 436,030 2,069,708 716,826 3,498,739 59%

District Moga 45,958 227,246 193,256 995,746 23%

District Firozpur 109,027 552,556 385,994 2,029,074 27%

District Muktsar 50,236 252,191 174,360 901,896 28%

District Faridkot 44,165 217,051 120,893 617,508 35%

District Bathinda 102,610 499,217 273,902 1,388,525 36%

District Mansa 32,398 163,604 149,630 769,751 21%

District Patiala 158,036 763,280 372,293 1,895,686 40%

District Amritsar 273,905 1,334,611 488,898 2,490,656 54%

District Tarn Taran 26,752 141,795 203,421 1,119,627 13%

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District Rupnagar 37,808 177,807 135,635 684,627 26%

Sahibzada Ajit Singh

District 120,288 544,611 205,411 994,628 55%
Nagar

District Sangrur 101,006 515,965 318,870 1,655,169 31%

District Barnala 39,141 190,685 115,798 595,527 32%

Source: Census 2011

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Exhibit24:Breakdown of Punjab’s budget (2011-12 to 2020-21) (in Rs. Crores)

2019-20 2020-21
S. No Item 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
(RE) (BE)

Revenue Receipts
1
(2+3) 32051 35103 39023 41523 47985 53010 62269 73975 88004

2 Tax Revenue 26646 28511 30273 34699 37346 41040 43579 44085 49846

State’s own Tax

2.1
Revenue 22587 24079 25570 26690 27747 30423 31574 33739 35824

2.2 Share in central Taxes 4058 4431 4703 8009 9600 10617 12005 10346 14021

3 Non- Tax Revenue 5405 6593 8750 6824 10639 11969 18690 29890 38159

State’s own Non-

3.1
Tax Revenue 2629 3191 2880 2650 5863 4318 7582 7962 8046

3.2 Grants from Centre 2775 3401 5870 4174 4776 7651 11107 21928 30113

Revenue
4
Expenditure 39457 41640 46613 50073 55296 62465 75404 86602 95716

5 Capital Outlay 1916 2201 3118 3059 4346 2352 2412 19641 10280

6 Loans & Advances 197 165 270 5751 41183 687 1361 821 882

7 Interest Payment 6831 7820 8960 9904 11642 15334 16306 17625 19075

8 Revenue Deficit 7406 6537 7590 8550 7311 9455 13135 12627 7712

9 Fiscal Deficit 9345 8790 10841 17360 52840 12494 16059 17025 18828

10 Outstanding Debt 92282 102234 112365 128835 182526 195153 211917.22 228906 248236

11 GSDP 285165 317556 368011 391543 429666 470137 521861 574760 644326
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12 RD as % of GSDP 2.6 2.06 2.06 2.18 1.69 2.01 2.52 2.2 1.2

13 FD as % of GSDP 3.28 2.77 2.95 4.43 12.3 2.65 3.08 2.96 2.92

Outstanding Debt as
14
% of GSDP 32.36 32.19 30.53 32.9 42.09 41.51 40.61 39.83 38.53

Source: AFS and Budget at a Glance Punjab