Section Capacity Analysis ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
Section Capacity Analysis
1 Example 3
For the section of beam shown in figure 1 below, determine the moment that it can resist given
that the concrete is C20/25 and the reinforcement is S400.
Figure 1: Beam section with 40 cm and 25 cm depth and width respectively [All dimensions are
in centimeters].
1.1 Solution
Concrete grade C20/25: fck = 20 Mpa
Steel grade S400: fyk = 400 Mpa
One of the assumptions of ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 is that:
- Design and construction will be undertaken by appropriately qualified and experienced
personnel.
- Adequate supervision and quality control will be provided.
- Materials and products will be used as specified.
All this assumption corresponds to the 1995 EBCS’s Class I work. Meaning ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
allows structures to be designed with Class I work. And to this end the following material safety
factors are made available.
Design situation γc-concrete γs-steel
ULS-Persistent and transient 1.5 1.15
Accidental-non-fire 1.2 1
Accidental- Fire 1 1
SLS 1 1
Table 1: Partial safety factor for material.
For this example, ULS with persistent and transient design situation would be applied.
1.1.1 Design strength of materials
concrete
αcc fck
fcd = [ES EN 1992 − 1 − 1: 2015, Eqn. 3.15 ]
γc
Example 2 Page |1 Af
Section Capacity Analysis ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
Where: the recommended value of αcc is 0.85.
0.85 ∗ 20
fcd = = 11.33 𝑀𝑝𝑎
1.5
Steel
𝑓𝑦𝑘
fyd = [ES EN 1992 − 1 − 1: 2015, Figure 3.8 ]
𝛾𝑠
400
fyd = = 347.83 Mpa
1.115
1.1.2 Region Assumption
Assume region 3.
For region 3
𝜀𝑐 = 0.0035 … concerte
εyd ≤ εs ≤ 0.0045 … reinforcement
From region 3 the value of αc and βc are:
3𝜀𝑐 − 2 3 ∗ 3.5 − 2
𝛼𝑐 = 𝑘𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 = 0.81𝑘𝑥
3𝜀𝑐 3 ∗ 3.5
𝜀𝑐 (3𝜀𝑐 − 4) + 2 3.5(3 ∗ 3.5 − 4) + 2
𝛽𝑐 = 𝑘𝑥 = 𝑘 = 0.416𝑘𝑥
2𝜀𝑐 (3𝜀𝑐 − 2) 2 ∗ 3.5(3 ∗ 3.5 − 2) 𝑥
1.1.3 Equilibrium of Section forces
Figure 2: resultant force in concrete and steel.
For class B reinforcement the value of εud is 4.5 per thousand [See example 1].
Since εs is greater than εyd=fyd/E, the force resultant in steel can be calculated from
𝑇𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝐴𝑠
From figure 1, it is clear that 3Ø24 bars are used as main reinforcement and As can be calculated
as
Example 2 Page |2 Af
Section Capacity Analysis ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
𝜋∅2 𝜋242
𝐴𝑠 = ∗𝑁 = 3∗ = 1357.168 𝑚𝑚2
4 4
Now, the value of Ts can be obtained
𝑁
𝑇𝑠 = 347.83 ∗ 1357.168 𝑚𝑚2 = 472.06 ∗ 103 𝑁
𝑚𝑚2
The value of Cc:
𝐶𝑐 = 𝛼𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑
The effective depth d is
∅𝑙 14
𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − ∅𝑠 − = 400 − 30 − 8 − = 355 𝑚𝑚
2 2
𝐶𝑐 = (0.81𝑘𝑥 )(11.33)(250)(355) = 814485.375𝑘𝑥
Equating Cc and Ts
814485.375𝑘𝑥 = 472.06 ∗ 103 𝑁
𝑘𝑥 = 0.579
Now, the unknown is the strain in steel, it can be easily obtained from the strain distribution
Figure 3: Strain distribution on the section
From figure 3, following similarity of triangles
𝜀𝑠+3.5 3.5
=
𝑑 𝑥
𝑥 3.5
= 0.579 =
𝑑 𝜀𝑠+3.5
Solving for 𝜀𝑠 , the value is obtained to be 2.538
Example 2 Page |3 Af
Section Capacity Analysis ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
1.1.4 Check Assumption
𝑓𝑦𝑑 347.83
𝜀𝑦𝑑 = = = 1.739
𝐸 200
Since 𝜀𝑠 = 2.538 ≥ 𝜀𝑦𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ≤ 4.5 the initial assumption is ok!
1.1.5 Calculate moment capacity
𝑘𝑥 = 0.579
𝛼𝑐 = 0.81𝑘𝑥 = 0.81 ∗ 0.579 = 0.469
𝛽𝑐 = 0.416𝑘𝑥 = 0.416 ∗ 0.579 = 0.241
The moment that a section can carry is calculate using the formula:
𝑀 = 𝐶𝑐 𝑍 = 𝑇𝑠 𝑍
Where: 𝑧 = 𝑑(1 − 𝛽𝑐 )
𝑧 = 355(1 − 0.241) = 269.49 𝑚𝑚
𝐶𝑐 = 𝛼𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 = 0.469 ∗ 11.33 ∗ 250 ∗ 355 = 471.58 ∗ 103 𝑁
𝑀 = 𝐶𝑐 𝑍 = (471.58 ∗ 103 𝑁) ∗ (269.49 3𝑚𝑚) = 127089536.09 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝑀 = 127089536.09 ∗ 10−6 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚 = 127.089 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
Therefore, the moment capacity of the section given in figure 1 is 127.089 KN-m. and it is still
in region 3.
Example 2 Page |4 Af
