GUIDELINES FOR WRITING AND

PRESENTATING THESIS/RESEARCH
PROJECT WORK REPORT IN ACCRA
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Guidelines for Project Work

Accra Technical University

Guidelines for Project Work
Introduction

The writing of Research Project Reports and thesis is part of the requirements for the award of
Diplomas and Degrees at Accra Technical University. No Diploma or Degree will be conferred
until the approved conditions or specifications for the writing of Research Project Report and
thesis are met.

Project Work, thesis and Research Project Report are part of the Accra Technical University
requirements for the award of degrees and diplomas. They contain research findings which are
contributions to knowledge. These reports must be properly written and presented.

The project work and Research Project Report write up are executed by the student under the
direction of a supervisor or a team of supervisors. It provides the student the opportunity to
pursue independent research in an area of interest he/ she wishes to research.

Presentation of Research Project Report/ Thesis

The thesis or Research Project Report must be written in British English.

A candidate shall not be permitted to submit a thesis or Research Project Report for which a
degree has already been conferred in this or other Polytechnic. However, a candidate shall not
be precluded from incorporating work which has already been submitted for a degree in this or
other Polytechnic, provided that he/she shall indicate on his/her form of entry, and also in his
thesis or Research Project Report any work which has been so incorporated.

The Research Project Report shall be accompanied by two signed statements by a) the
candidate b) all the supervisors

The Research Project Report/thesis must not exceed the number of words or pages prescribed
by Academic Board. Presently they are the following.

A work submitted for a degree must meet the following page number requirements:

Levels Minimum Pages Maximum Pages

HND 30 45
BTECH 45 60
MTECH 80 120
DTECH 120 250

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There are 3 stages of the Research Project Report presentations

- Stage I - Present two (2) signed copies to the department for assessment by a panel.
- Stage II - Present one corrected soft copy for vetting.
- Stage III - Present 2 or 3 Printed Hard Bound copies in the approved colors to the
department

The following shall be the colors of the various categories:

Levels Colors Maximum Pages

HND Navy Blue

BTECH Navy Green

MTECH Navy Gold

DTECH Navy Red

Standard Research Project Report/ Thesis Format

All Research Project Report/thesis consist of three categories of materials, namely:

- The Preliminaries or Front Matter,

- The Text or the Main Body of the report and
- The Back Matter (References and Appendices).

These are discussed in the following sections:

1. The Preliminaries

The preliminaries consist of the following:

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 a. Spine
b. Outside Cover
c. Inside Cover
d. Declaration page
e. Abstract
f. Acknowledgements
g. Dedication (Optional)
h. Table of Contents
i. List of Tables
j. List of Figures
k. Definition of Abbreviations/Acronyms
l. Definition of Terms

2. Main Text
a. Chapter One: Introduction
b. Chapter Two: Literature Review
c. Chapter Three: Methodology
d. Chapter Four: Results and Discussion
e. Chapter Five: Conclusions and Recommendations

3. Back Matter
a. References
b. Appendices

1. The Preliminaries

The preliminaries begin with the spine, outside cover, declaration, abstract acknowledgements,
dedication (optional), table of contents, list of tables, list of figures, list of appendices,
definition of terms, etc.

a. Spine

On the SPINE is printed the DEGREE/DIPLOMA, the FULL NAME of the candidate and the
YEAR of the presentation, in that order: (three blocks). The information specified in brackets
below must be provided in horizontal order:

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[Name of Degree] [Full name of candidate] [Year]

For example,

BTECH EEE PATRICK SETH AMEVI 2009

b. Outside Cover

On the Cover, Accra Polytechnic must be printed at the top of the page, (12 single spaces or 2
inches from the top of the page), the TITLE OF THE REPORT in the middle of the page and
the author’s FULL NAME (without titles) and the YEAR of presentation printed at the bottom
half of the page (four blocks). The information specified in the brackets below must be provided
in vertical order:

[Accra Technical University]

[Title of Research Project Report/thesis]

[Full Name of Candidates]

[Year]

Note: The use of ‘BY’ and titles such as Mr., Mrs., Rev., etc are not acceptable on the outside
cover.

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ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

SUPERPIXELS AND SUPERVOXELS

IN AN ENERGY OPTIMIZATION
FRAMEWORK

PATRICK SETH AMEVI

AUGUST, 2020

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 c. Inside Cover

The next page is the INSIDE COVER or the Title Page. The page consists of five blocks of
words. The first block is “Accra Technical University” at the top and placed five single spaces
from the top of the page and centered between the margins. This first block is followed by the
TITLE of the Research Project Report/thesis. The third block is the FULL NAME of the
candidate. The next block indicates the DEPARTMENT to which the Research Project
Report/thesis is submitted finally for which purpose the Research Project Report /thesis is
required. The fifth block states the MONTH and the YEAR (on the same horizontal line) that
the report is submitted. The title page is one (in roman numerals) of the PRELIMINARIES or
FRONT MATTER but it is NOT numbered or written in the report.

Note that ‘BY’ should be used here. However titles are still not acceptable.

d. Declaration

The proposed declaration page is presented below

Please, Note that the name of the candidates and of supervisor/supervisors should be typed.

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 ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

TITLE OF PROJECT WORK OR THESIS

By

OFFICIAL NAME OF THE STUDENT

RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT/ THESIS Submitted to the

DEPARTMENT of…….., FACULTY of ………….

In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements for the

TYPE OF CERTIFICATE AND LEVEL

In

TITLE OF PROGRAMME
(AREA OF SPECIALISATION)

Month, Year

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 ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

SUPERPIXELS AND SUPERVOXELS IN AN ENERGY

OPTIMIZATION FRAMEWORK

By

PATRICK SETH AMEVI

RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT/ THESIS Submitted to the

DEPARTMENT of ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING,
FACULTY of ENGINEERING

In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements for the

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY DEGREE

In

ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
(POWER AND AUTOMATION OPTION)

August, 2020

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 DECLARATION

Candidate’s Declaration

I hereby, declare that this thesis/Project Work is the result of my own original research and that
no part of it has been presented for another degree in this Polytechnic or elsewhere.

Candidate’s Signature:…………………… Date:……………………………...

Name: Patrick Seth Amevi

Candidate’s Signature:…………………… Date:……………………………...

Name: Patrick Seth Amevi

Supervisor’s Declaration

I hereby declare that the preparation and presentation of the thesis/Project Work were
supervised in accordance with the guidelines on supervision of thesis/Project Work laid down
by Accra Polytechnic.

Supervisor’s Signature:……………………. Date:…………………..………….

Name: ……………………………………….

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 e. Abstract

The abstract should

- contain a brief summary to tell the reader what the report is about, such as the objectives
of the research, its extent or scope, the methodology used, the main findings including
any newly observed facts, the principal conclusions and recommendations.
- not exceed three hundred (300) words (1 page)
- Must be a single paragraph
- stand on its own, and be complete in itself (it may be published separately in secondary
sources).
The Abstract should not contain
- symbols,
- references,
- tables or figures,
- abbreviations or acronyms,
- any information or conclusion not in the Research Project Report/thesis itself and
- many technical terms.

f. Acknowledgements
This section provides the student with the opportunity to express his/her gratitude to those who
directly assisted him/her to successfully complete the Research Project Report/thesis.
- The acknowledgement is done in the following order:
o Funding agency (if any)
o Internal supervisor(s)
o External supervisors
o Internal Technical/Laboratory staff
o External Technical/Laboratory staff
o Others
o It is highly unconventional to acknowledge God or Allah or any other
supernatural powers in documents of this nature. This should be done in the
dedication section.
o The Acknowledgements page must be placed immediately after the abstract
page.

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 g. Dedication
A student may dedicate the work to a person or group although this is not a requirement. It
should be noted that the dedication page is not another acknowledgements page. It should
contain at most two lines, consisting of just a few words. For example: To My Family In
memory of My Father

h. Table of Contents
The Title TABLE OF CONTENTS not just CONTENTS should be typed in BLOCK or upper
case and made bold. Sub-heading should appear in the title heads (first letters capitalized as in
the main text) and should not be numbered. All chapter headings should be in UPPER CASE
letters. The words “CHAPTER” and “PAGE” head their respective columns, flush to the left
and right margins. Two spaces are recommended for all indentations in the TABLE OF
CONTENTS. In the Table of contents only levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 headings should be included.
The example in the next pages is only a guideline.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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List of Tables
After the Table of Contents, the next separate section typed on a page or pages is the List of
Tables. The heading LIST OF TABLE is centered between the margins. The words “Table”
and “Page” head their respective columns and flush with margins on the left and right.

List of Figures
The next separate page or pages in the Preliminaries is the List of Figures. The settings is the
same as LIST OF TABLES.

Main Text
The main text consists of the following
- CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

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 - CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW
- CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY
- CHAPTER 4 - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- REFERENCES
- APPENDIX/APPENDICES

Chapter 1. Introduction
The purpose of the Introduction is to provide a rationale for your research project. It establishes
the need for your research within the current knowledge of the discipline, in a clearly
constructed logical and explicit argument, clarifying how this work will contribute to
knowledge in the field. In addition, the Introduction often discusses why the particular
approach taken in conducting the research has been chosen. The introduction must be written
without subheadings. However, it must contain the following elements in separate paragraphs:
- Introduction
- Field and Subject Area of Study
- Background
- Problem Statement
- Aim and Objectives
- Research Questions
- Significance of Study
- Outline of the Chapters
- Thesis Plan

Statement of the Problem

Research is based on real problems or issues, and not on speculation. Don’t carry out a research
for which there is already an answer. The problem statement must address all six questions:
What, Why, When, Where, Who, and How.
- What – What is the problem? Quote facts and figures with relevant references. And,
what are the causes of the problem?
- Why – Why is it a problem? (What impact does it have on the environment, life,
property, organisations, and society?)

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 - When - When does the problem occur? • Where - Where is the problem occurring?
(locations, processes, products, etc).
- Who - Who does the problem affect (Specific groups, organizations, customers, etc.
Who needs the solution)?
- How - Research Question - How do we solve the problem?
- What are the existing solutions to the problem (if any), and their limitations? What gap
is this study seeking to fill?
- Propose a solution or hypothesis to the research question.
- What are the principles and theories behind the proposed solution?

The “Gap”
The “gap” in the literature is a conflict or missing piece of information which your research
question will answer. If the research has already been done, then why waste your time and the
reader’s time with all this work? The gap explicitly identifies the contribution a piece of
research makes. The reader needs to be shown that the gap exists in order to believe that the
research is valid. Proving the gap is part of the researcher’s job. The "gap" is the only place
where the writer/researcher should draw attention to possible unanswered questions. Limit
questions to only those your research is set up to answer. (The other questions still left may be
taken up in the Discussion section.)

The Research Question

The Research Question – this is where the Researcher presents the question that will indicate
the gap revealed by the literature to be a missing piece in the topic’s area of research. The
Research Question may be expressed as either an actual question or a declarative statement.
The research question may be followed by either a hint of the method to find a solution to the
gap, or a hypotheses, or the main purpose of the study.

Chapter 2. Literature Review

This chapter provides support for the study. The literature review is not simply a collection of
notes from books or journals. Read, understand then write it in your own words. Sources of
material for the Literature Review should include:
- Books
- Journals

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 - Internet
- Reports
- Conference Proceedings
- Newspapers, etc

Chapter 3. Methodology
This is the "HOW" section of your research report. Precision and exact details are key to this
section, but do not include irrelevant material. The information is presented in simple past
tense, either active voice (We collected water samples every three days) or passive voice
(Samples were collected every three days). The ultimate test of a well-written Methods section
is in replicability -- could someone else reproduce the study given what you wrote? Include
enough information about materials and methods to enable another suitably qualified person to
repeat your experiments. Relegate tedious but necessary details to an Appendix, so that there
are no breaks in the flow of ideas in your presentation. The methods section generally includes
three types of information:
- Subjects / participants / substances / samples;
- Apparatus / materials / instruments / equipment; and
- Procedure for data collection
- Procedure for data analysis
Whatever is in Methods should find a corresponding mention in Results.
The detail and emphasis of what is covered will be different in different disciplines.
- Scientific and technical disciplines:
o Rationale for choosing materials, methods and procedures
o Details of materials, equipment and procedures that will allow others to
 Replicate experiments
 Understand and implement technical solutions
- Social science disciplines:
o Demonstration of fit between methods chosen and research question(s)
o How the data was
 Collected
 Recorded
 Analysed
o Rationale for sampling or choice of cases, representability of sample or case

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 - Humanities disciplines:
o What sources were used
o Rationale for choice of sources (considering their fit with the research question,
and how representative they are)
o Approach to interpretation - what approach was chosen and why

Chapter 4. Results and Discussion

- Whatever is in Methods should find a corresponding mention in Results.
- Results are the ultimate objective of research: here you summarize the data collected
and the statistical treatment of them.
- This section consists of the observations and measurements recorded while conducting
the procedures described in the Methods section. These components must address the
questions raised in the introduction and any hypotheses formulated there.
- Results are often presented in numerical form and indeed are more reader-friendly if
presented graphically in tables and graphs than in written text.
- The writer must aim for ACCURACY as these results are a permanent source of
academic knowledge.
- The arrangement of the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION should "match" that of the
METHODS section.
- If the Methods section was a single, straightforward test, then the Results can follow
the classic order: answer the research question first, and then arrange the results from
most important findings to least important findings. If the Methods section was
structured, consider structuring the Results section similarly. Use subheadings in the
Results section. Often, this can make it somewhat easier for the reader to follow.
o The results obtained may be presented in the form of tables, figures,
photographs, charts, etc. However, the same data must not be presented in two
different forms. Each illustration must be preceded by a brief text to explain the
salient points being illustrated.
o Tables should be placed on the same page or not far away from the text
describing them.
o Tables are not to be drawn with vertical and horizontal lines forming cells.
However, one or two horizontal lines may be needed for the top and bottom
parts of the Table.

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 o If a Table spills over to next page, there should be an indication such as (Table
1 continued).
o All Tables should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals in the order
in which they are first mentioned in the text. If a table in not mentioned at all in
the text, it should not appear anywhere in the Research Project Report or report.
o Table are supposed to be on the same page and not far away from the reference
discussions.

Table Titles
- Table titles should be brief but clear and explanatory.
- In the text, the title of the Table should appear on top of the Table and should be made
bold.

Table 1: Training Methods used During Staff Training Programme

Table 2: Participants Assessment of Training Materials

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Presentation of Figures
Any illustration which is not a table is considered a figure. Examples of figures are graphs (e.g.
line, bar charts and scatter graphs); charts, drawings, and photographs. Where necessary, keys
or legends must be provided to explain the figures or plates.

Caption for Figures

Caption for Figures are bold and written below the figure. The captions should be single space
if longer than one line. They should be self-explanatory.
Example: Figure 4. Staircase pattern of improvement in recordkeeping practices.

Numbering Figures
Use Arabic numerals to number figures consecutively throughout the text.

Discussion
The discussion should
- Indicate the most important findings
- give possible explanations backed by referenced literature for each of the important
findings
- show how the results and interpretations agree or do not agree with previously
published work
- relate the results to the research questions that were set in the introduction,
- discuss the theoretical implications of the work.

Chapter 5. Conclusions and Recommendations

- Conclusion – This section is based on the results and findings and not a restatement of
the results of the study or a summary of the discussion.
- The researcher states precisely his/her resulting position regarding the
Hypothesis/questions.
- The researcher indicates whether the findings confirmed or disconfirmed the
Hypothesis or questions.

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 - The researcher indicates his/her overall opinion regarding the study. What is new? What
has the study brought to the fore? What is the general feeling concerning the results and
findings of the study?
- Indicate whether the original problem is better understood, or resolved as a result of the
study.
- Make recommendations
- Give suggestions for further research

REFERENCES: Accra Technical University follows the APA referencing styles

APPENDICES: Appendices constitute the Back Matter and follows immediately after the
references in the Main Text.

3. Back Matter
a. References
- The recommended standard referencing format for Research Project Report and thesis
should be the APA (American Psychological Association) Style.

i. Citing References within the text

- When citing the references within the text, use the surname of the author and year of
publication. Examples In the paper by Marshall (1989) we see that… Steam generator
design is outlined (Ganapathy, 1996)…
- If there are 2 authors use both surnames. Example: Semple and Worstell (1996) urge
the rethinking…
- If there are more than 2 authors use the surname of all authors in the first citation and
year of publication. In subsequent citations use the surname of the first author and et al.
Example: Column hydrodynamics are discussed (Gourdon et al. 1994)…
- If there are several quotes from a work then use the following to be specific as to
location. Example
o (Mungai, 1990 p 33)
o (Mungai 1990 p 33-44)
o (Mungai 1990 ch 7)
- Examples of other variants of citing references in the text

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 o (Mungai, 1990, 1992; Taylor 1993)
o (Mungai 1990a, 1990b)
o (Mungai A 1990) [where Mungai B also wrote in 1990]
o (Alexander B Mungai, personal communication) [does not appear in reference
list]
- Citations can also be made from annual reports of organizations.
Example: WHO (2005); UNDP (2006).
Note the following:
- No titles like Mr., Dr., Prof., etc should be used.
- Quotations exceeding forty (40) words should be indented without quotation marks. All
should be indicated as part of the references

ii. The References Section

- The references section is where you give all the details a reader will need to find the
work being cited.
- All citations in the text should be listed in the references.
- Citations should be arranged in alphabetical order and also in chronological order.
- The style of citation will depend on whether the reference was cited from a journal,
book, chapter in a book, a paper in a conference proceeding, electronic sources,
published reports or a newspaper.
- Major components in the listing for a journal article, in order
o author
o date
o title of work cited
o name of journal
o volume, inclusive pages
Examples:
Arnold, P. (1990). Title of article. Journal of Soil Science 55:222- 34.
Atta-Krah, A. N. and Sumberg, J. E. (1988). Studies with Gliricidia sepium for crop/livestock
production systems in West Africa. Agroforestry Systems 6:97-118.

Major components for a book

- author

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 - date
- title of book
- city of publication, publisher
- inclusive pages cited
Example:
Arnold, Q. (1980). Title of book. New York: Wiley.
Ruthenburg, H. (1976). Farming systems in the tropics. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p
157-84. [when citing only certain pages in the book]

Major components for a chapter in a book or a paper in a proceedings

- author
- date
- title of chapter or paper inclusive page numbers
- title of book or proceedings
- city of publication: publisher
Example:
Youdeowei, A. (1980). Title of Chapter. p 222 – 34. In: Taylor, B. and Mungai, C. eds. Title
of book. New York: Wiley.
Singh, G. B. (1987). Agroforestry in the Indian subcontinent: past, present and the future. p
117-40. In: Steppler, H. A. and Nair, P. K. R. eds. Agroforestry: a decade of development.
Nairobi: ICRAF.

Electronic Sources
- Follow the same rules as given for printed sources.
- Examples:
Holland, M., 1996. Harvard system [online]. Poole: Bourmouth Polytechnic. Available from
http: 12/12/97/[Link]/service-epts/lis/LIS_ Pub/[Link] [assessed 24
Jun 1997].

Cross, P. and Towle, K., 1996. A guide to citing internet sources [online]. Pool: Bourmouth
Polytechnic. Available from: http:/[Link]/serviceepts/lis/LIS_
Pub/[Link] [assessed 24 Jun 1997].

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The text citation for the second example above would be Cross and Towle (1996) as with a
printed source).
Available from: replaces the In: used with printed sources.
The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is given in full and not just the site name.

Sites change, move and disappear. It may be wise to make a copy or print for reference.

Citing from Electronic Journals

- If possible cite as from the printed version even if you have your information on an
electronic version.
- If the journal does not have a printed version make the citation as close to a printed
citation as possible.
Example: Loder, N., 1997. Euroscience takes its first step. Next Wave [online] updated 27 June
1997. Available from http:/[Link]/servejava/SAM/[Link] [assessed 27 Jun
1997]

Published Reports
- Botswana Ministry of Agriculture. (1980). How short people can plant tall trees.
Gaborone: Dryland Research Station.
- If the publication is a serial, the series title and number will help locate it. Give this
additional information in a separate ‘sentence’ between the title and the facts of
publication, but do not italicize.
Example: Botswana Ministry of Agriculture. (1980). How short people can plant tall trees.
Helpful leaflet 99. Gaborone: Dryland Research Station.

Unpublished Reports
- Do not italicize the title of ‘grey literature’, unpublished reports.
Huxley, P. A. (1986). Rationalizing research on hedgerow intercropping: an overview. ICRAF
Working Paper 40. Nairobi: ICRAF. P 66-75.
Richardson, J. and Richardson, D. (1985). Agroforestry in the Pacific Islands. Working Paper
WP-87-2. Honolulu, Hawaii: East-West Centre.

Personal Communication

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Personal communications are not included in a reference list. As there is no way a reader can
check them for further information, there is no point in listing them. They are simply listed in
the text: (Anthony Youdeowei, pers. comm.) [or personal communication].
Referencing format

Acakpovi, A., & Asabere, N. Y. (2018). Modern electrical grid optimization with the
integration of big data and artificial intelligence techniques. In Advances in Energy
Research (Vol. 29).
Acakpovi, A., Michael, M. B., Asabere, N. Y., & Honvo, J. (2016). Exploring the fundamentals
of solar photovoltaic technology and its modelling. In Renewable Energy Systems.
Acakpovi, Amevi. (2016). Performance Analysis of Particle Swarm Optimization Approach
for Optimizing Electricity Cost from a Hybrid Solar, Wind and Hydropower Plant.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 6(1), 323–334.
Acakpovi, Amevi, Asabere, N. Y., Sowah, R., Abubakar, R., & Amo, S. B. (2018). Efficient
modelling of a PCB transmission line for high speed digital systems. IEEE International
Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology, ICAST, 2018-Augus, 1–8.
[Link]
Acakpovi, Amevi, Michael, M. B., Asabere, N. Y., & Honvo, J. (2017). Exploring the
Fundamentals of Solar Photovoltaic Technology and its Modelling. In S. A. Kale (Ed.),
Renewable Energy Systems (pp. 1–282). Retrieved from
[Link]
E317-4880-B951-0697213436E1
Acakpovi, Amevi, & Sewordor, H. (2013). Performance Analysis Of Femtocell in an Indoor
Cellular Network. 3(June), 281–286.
Asabere, N. Y., Xu, B., Acakpovi, A., & Deonauth, N. (2018). SARVE-2: Exploiting Social
Venue Recommendation in the Context of Smart Conferences. IEEE Transactions on
Emerging Topics in Computing. [Link]
Kamaruzzaman, Z. A., Mohamed, A., & Shareef, H. (2097). Effect of grid-connected
photovoltaic systems on static and dynamic voltage stability with analysis techniques – a
review. 91–96. [Link]
Koumadi, K. M., Acakpovi, A., Kogue, D. W., & Hountondji, J. A. (2012). A relay-based
technique to reduce uplink transmit power in multi-operator mobile communication
systems. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 4th International Conference on Adaptive Science
and Technology, ICAST 2012, 43–49. [Link]
23
Pul, H., & Chang, C. (2015). The SA-based Group Handoff Scheme for Heterogeneous
Wireless Networks in M2M Communications. Wireless Communications and Mobile
Computing Conference (IWCMC), IEEE, 1102–1106.
Yadollahpour, A., Nourozi, J., Mirbagheri, S. A., Simancas-Acevedo, E., & Trejo-Macotela,
F. R. (2018). Designing and implementing an ANFIS based medical decision support
system to predict chronic kidney disease progression. Frontiers in Physiology,
9(December), 1–9. [Link]

Format for Typing of Research Project Report/thesis

- Paper
o A4, 210mm X 297mm
- Font and Font size
o Times New Roman font size 12 throughout the text.
- Line Spacing
o The Research Project Report/thesis should be doubled spaced throughout
including the references except:
o Cover page – One and a half spaced
o Abstract – Single spaced
- Margins
o The standard margin should be 1 inch (2.5cm) on the left, 1 inch (2.5cm) on the
right and 1 inch (2.5cm) at the top and 1 inch (2.5cm) at the bottom. Both left
and right margins should be justified.
- Paragraphing:
o one space should be left between block paragraphs.

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 - Heading Styles

Headings and Table of Contents

- First to fourth level headings should be listed in the Table of Contents. • The wording
of the Table of Contents and the text headings must match exactly.

Pagination
- All page numbers within the text, from the abstract to the end of the text, should be
placed at the bottom and centred.
- Page numbers from the abstract to the list of tables/figures, etc should be in Roman
numerals and page numbers in the remaining text should be in Arabic numerals.

Endnotes/Footnotes

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 - All Research Project Reports and thesis should not have footnotes below text. All
footnotes should be incorporated into the main text. There should be no endnote and
endnote references at the end of each chapter
Appendices
Appendices appear after the reference page(s). They are used to present detailed information
that adds to the body of the paper, for example, sample questionnaires, tables, or figures. If the
report has only one appendix, label it Appendix in italics. If it has more than one, label each
appendix with a capital letter, for example, Appendix A, Appendix B, according to the order
in which you refer to it in your text. Label each appendix with a title, but refer to it in the text
by its label.

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