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Review Module –Steel Design – Compression Members (ASD/LRFD)

SLENDERNESS RATIO, SR SITUATION 2.
𝐾𝑙 Built up column 12 m long consists of W 8 x 6.5 x 28 with two plates
𝑆𝑅 = welded to form a box section. With respect to x – axis column is fixed, y
𝑟
– axis column is braced at mid height. Use the theoretical k values
EULER’S CRITICAL BUCKLING LOAD Properties of W 8 x 6.5 x 28
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 A = 5320 mm2 tw = 7.2 mm Poportional limit = 380 MPa
𝑃𝑐𝑟 =
(𝐾𝑙)2 Ix = 40.88 x 106 mm4 bf =166 mm Iy = 9.005 x 106 mm4
EULER’S CRITICAL BUCKLING STRESS
𝜋2𝐸
𝐹𝑐𝑟 =
(𝑆𝑅)2

END FIXITY FACTOR / EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTOR

a. Compute the effective slenderness ratio with respect to x – axis.

b. Compute the effective slenderness ratio with respect to y – axis.
c. Compute the Euler’s critical buckling load.
d. What is the minimum length of column without exceeding the
proportional limit?

SITUATION 1. A build-up section is used as a compression member, has

the following properties:
Assume that one end of the column is fixed and the other pinned (k =
0.80) and proportional limit is 240 MPa. E=200GPa.

I-Beam Properties:
A = 22000 mm2
d = 730 mm
bf = 310 mm
Ix = 295 x 106 mm4
Iy = 30.6 x 106 mm4

Properties of each C-Section:

A = 7350 mm2 d = 380 mm
tw = 15 mm x = 24 mm
Ix = 65 x 106 mm4 Iy = 5.08 x 106 mm4

a. Determine the shortest length for which the column would fail by
buckling.
b. Determine the largest allowable axial load that can be supported by a
10m column with a factor of safety of 2.5.
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NSCP 2001 (Allowable Stress Design - ASD) COLUMN CURVATURE COEFFICIENT, 𝑪𝒎

The coefficient applied to the x or y axis of bending term in the
COMBINED AXIAL COMPRESSION AND BENDING (Sec 508.2) interaction equation (508-1) and is dependent upon column curvature
508.1.2 This Section pertains to doubly and singly symmetrical caused by the applied moments. This value shall be taken as follows:
members only. See Section 505 for the determination of 𝐹𝑎 and
Section 506 for the determination of 𝐹𝑏𝑥 and 𝐹𝑏𝑦 . a. For compression members in frames subject to joint
translation (sidesway),
508.2 AXIAL COMPRESSION AND BENDING 𝐶𝑚 = 0.85
508.2.1 Members subjected to both axial compression and bending
stresses shall be proportioned to satisfy the following requirements: b. For rotationally restrained compression members in frames
When 𝑓𝑎 /𝐹𝑎 > 0.15 braced against joint translation and NOT subject to transverse
𝑓𝑎 𝐶𝑚𝑥 𝑓𝑏𝑥 𝐶𝑚𝑦 𝑓𝑏𝑦 loading between their supports in the plane of bending.
+ + ≤ 1.0 (𝟓𝟎𝟖 − 𝟏) 𝐶𝑚 = 0.6 − 0.4(𝑀1 /𝑀2 )
𝐹𝑎 (1 − 𝑓𝑎 ) 𝐹 𝑓
(1 − 𝑎′ ) 𝐹𝑏𝑦
′
𝐹𝑒𝑥 𝑏𝑥 𝐹𝑒𝑦
where 𝑀1 /𝑀2 is the ratio of the smaller to larger moments at the
𝑓𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑥 𝑓𝑏𝑦 ends of the portion of the member unbraced in the plane of
+ + ≤ 1.0 (𝟓𝟎𝟖 − 𝟐) bending under consideration. 𝑀1 /𝑀2 is positive when the
0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑏𝑥 𝐹𝑏𝑦 member is bent in reverse curvature, negative when bent in
When 𝑓𝑎 /𝐹𝑎 ≤ 0.15, Equation (508-3) is permitted in lieu of Equations single curvature.
(508-1) and (508-2):
𝑓𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑥 𝑓𝑏𝑦
+ + ≤ 1.0 (𝟓𝟎𝟖 − 𝟑)
𝐹𝑎 𝐹𝑏𝑥 𝐹𝑏𝑦

508.2.2 In Equations (508-1), (508-2) and (508-3), the subscripts x and 𝑀1 𝑀1

y, combined with subscripts b, m and e, indicates the axis of bending = (+) = (−)
𝑀2 𝑀2
about which a particular stress or design properly applies, and 𝐃𝐎𝐔𝐁𝐋𝐄 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐕𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐄 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐕𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄
(REVERSE CURVATURE)

𝐹𝑎 = Axial compressive stress that would be permitted if axial force

alone existed, MPa
𝐹𝑏 = Compressive bending stress that would be permitted if bending
moment alone existed, MPa
12𝜋 2 𝐸
𝐹𝑒′ =
23(𝐾𝑙𝑏 /𝑟𝑏 )2
c. For compression members in frames braced against joint
translation in the plane of loading and subjected to transverse
𝐹𝑒′= Euler stress divided by a factor of safety, MPa. As in the case of Fa, Fb, and
0.60Fy, F’e may be increased 1/3 in accordance with Section 501.5.2.
loading between their supports, the value of 𝐶𝑚 may be
𝑙𝑏 = The actual unbraced length in the plane of bending determined by an analysis. However, in lieu of such analysis, the
following values are permitted:
𝑟𝑏 = The corresponding radius of gyration
i. For members whose ends are restrained against
𝐾 = Effective length factor in the plane of bending
rotation in the plane of bending,
𝑓𝑎 = Computed axial stress, MPa
𝐶𝑚 = 0.85
𝑓𝑏 = Computed compressive bending stress at the point under
consideration, MPa.
ii. For members whose ends are unrestrained against
rotation in the plane of bending,
𝐶𝑚 = 1.0

NSCP 2010/2015 (ASD & LRFD)

SECTION 508 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMBINED

FORCES AND TORSION
This Section addresses members subject to axial force and flexure
about one or both axes, with or without torsion, and to members
subject to torsion only.

The interaction of flexure and compression in doubly symmetric

members and singly symmetric members for which
𝐼𝑦𝑐
0.1 ≤ 𝐼 ≤ 0.9 ,
𝑦
that are constrained to bend about a geometric axis (x and/or y) shall be
limited by Eqns. 508.1-1a and 508.1-1b, where Iyc is the moment of
inertia about the y-axis referred to the compression flange. mm 4.
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508.1.1 Doubly and Singly Symmetric Members in Flexure and

Compression

𝑃𝑟
1. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 ≥ 0.2
𝑃𝑐

𝑃𝑟 8 𝑀𝑟𝑥 𝑀𝑟𝑦
+ ( + ) ≤ 1.0 (𝟓𝟎𝟖. 𝟏 − 𝟏𝒂)
𝑃𝑐 9 𝑀𝑐𝑥 𝑀𝑐𝑦

𝑃𝑟
1. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 < 0.2
𝑃𝑐

𝑃𝑟 𝑀𝑟𝑥 𝑀𝑟𝑦
+( + ) ≤ 1.0 (𝟓𝟎𝟖. 𝟏 − 𝟏𝒃)
2𝑃𝑐 𝑀𝑐𝑥 𝑀𝑐𝑦
Where:
Pr = required axial compressive Strength, N
Pc = available axial compressive Strength, N
Mr = required flexural strength, N-mm
Mc = available flexural strength, N-mm
x = subscript relating symbol to strong axis bending
y = subscript relating symbol to weak axis bending

SITUATION 1.
A W 250x58 column carries an eccentric load of 200 kN with an
eccentricity from y axis = 75mm and eccentricity from x axis = 50mm.
Fy = 400 MPa, Fbx = 0.66Fy, Fby = 0.75Fy. Assume k = 1.0 Cm = 0.85
Unsupported length = 6m
A = 7420 mm2 Sx = 693 x 103 mm3 rx = 108 mm
Ix = 87.3 x 10 mm Sy = 186 x 103 mm3
6 4 ry = 50.4 mm

Using NSCP 2001 (ASD) and NSCP 2010/2015 (ASD & LRFD),
a. Determine the allowable axial compressive stress.
b. Determine the interaction value for both axial and bending.