MABINI COLLEGES

Daet, Camarines Norte

HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS ACTIVITY SHEET:

Here’s a simple guide for you:
1. Read and follow the instructions carefully.
2. Read each lesson and do all the activities provided for you.
3. Perform all the activities diligently to help and guide you in understanding the topic.
4. Take the Learning Activity after each lesson to determine how well you understood the
Topic and to measure how much you have gained from the lessons. You may turn in your
answer via google classroom.

LESSON 3 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND

NATION-BUILDING

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

a. discuss the role of science and technology in Philippine nation-building

b. evaluate government policies pertaining to science and technology in terms of their contributions to nation-
building; and
c. Identify actual science and technology policies of the government and appraise their impact on the
development of the Filipino nation
Introduction:

This lesson will discuss the influence of science and technology in the development of the Philippine society. It
identifies government programs, projects, and policies geared toward boasting the science and technological
capacity of the country. this lesson will also include discussions on the Philippine indigenous science and
technology.

A. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

The history of science and technology in the Philippines started way back the country gained its independence
from the American Colonizers. Before the coming of the Spanish colonizers, the early in habitants of the
archipelago had their own culture and traditions. They had their own belief system and indigenous knowledge
system that keeps them organized and sustained their lives and communities for many years.

PRE-SPANISH PHILIPPINES
• Science in Pre-Spanish philippines, is embedded in the way of life of the people.
• During spanish colonizers; Influence of our culture and practices...
• Scientific knowledge is observed in the way...
-they plant their crops that provide them food,
-in taking care of animals to help them in their
daily task.
• Science is observed in the way they interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and
climates and organizing days into months and years.
• They use science in preparing the soil for agricultural purposes,
• They also use for medicinal uses of plants.
• Technology is used by people in building houses, irrigations, and in developing tools.
- They develop tools for planting, hunting, cooking and fishing; for fighting their enemies during
war or tribal conflicts. Metal Age: has significant influence on the lives of Filipinos.- jewelry,
ceramics and metal tools
- Different opportunities: nearby countries: China, Indonesia, and Japan help development and
other nearby countries.
• Discovery of archeological artifacts in different parts of the country- METAL AGE
• Different opportunities for cultural and technological
exchange.
SPANISH COLONIZATION
• Spanish brought us with them their own culture and practices.
• They established schools for boys and girls and introduced the concept of subjects and discipline.
• Beginning of Formal Science and technology in the country
• Learning of science in School focuses on understanding different concepts.
• Philippines: Center of global trade in sea

AMERICAN COLONOIZATION
• More influence us
• Establishment of public education system
• Establishment of modern research university like UP
• “Americanize”
• recognized the learning of science and introduce it in Private and Public School

Internal Influences
-Survival
-Culture
-Economic
Activities Development of
Science and
Technology

External Influences
-Foreign colonizers
-Trades with foreign
Countries.
International Economic Figure 3. Influences in the
Demands Development of Science and
Technology in the Philippines
 B. GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The Philippine government introduced and implemented several programs, projects, and policies to boost
the area of science and technology. The goal is to prepare the whole country and its people to meet the
demands of a technologically driven world and capacitate the people live in a world driven by science.

Padilla-Conception (20150 reported that in 2015 reported that in 2015, in response to the ASEAN 2015
Agenda, the government, particularly the Department of Science and Industry (DOST), has sought the
expertise of the National Research Council of the Philippines (NCRP) to consult various section in the
society to study how Philippines can prepare to the ASEAN 2015 goals.
As a result of the consultation, the NRCP expected to recommend policies and programs that will
improve the competitiveness of the Philippines in the ASEAN Region.

The NCRP clustered these policies into four, namely:

1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance
• Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the curriculum.
• Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue
• Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband
• Local food security
2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics
• Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities
• Outright grants for peer monitoring
• Review R.A. 9184
• Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development
3. Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN-harmonized
standards by full implementation of the Food and drug Administration
• Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of pharmaceutical services and care
• Empowering food and drug and agencies to conduct evidence based research as pool of
information
• Allocating two percent of GDP to research
• Legislating a law supporting human genome projects
4. Biological Sciences, agriculture, and Forestry
• Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing laws
• Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries
• Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people’s conservation
• Formulation of common food and safety standards

Existing programs supported by the Philippine government through DOST. Some are the following:
• Providing funds for basic research and patents related to science and technology.
• Providing scholarship for undergraduate and graduate studies of studies in the field of
science and technology.
• Establishing more branches of the Philippine Science High School System for training young
Filipinos in the field of Science and technology.
• Creating science and technology parks to encourage academe and industry partnerships.
• Balik Scientist Program to encourage Filipino Scientists abroad to come home and
work in the Philippines or conduct research and projects in collaboration with
Philippine-based scientists.
• Developing science and technology parks in academic campuses to encourage academe and
industry partnerships.
• The establishment of the National science Complex and within the University of the
Philippines campus in Diliman.

The Philippine-American academy of science and Engineering (PAASE, 2008) identified several
capacity- building programs such as:

• establishment of national development programs, such as the engineering and Science Education
Program (ESEP) to produce more PhD graduates in science and engineering
• establishment of regional centers to support specific industries that will lead the country in
different research and development areas
• establishment of science and technology business through centers to assist, advise, and
incubate technopreneurship ventures
• Strengthen science education at an early stage through the Philippine Science high School System

Areas and fields that the country is looking forward to embark various research:
1. Use of alternative and safety energy 5. Increasing food production
2. Harnessing mineral resources 6. Preservation of natural resources
3. Finding cure for various diseases and 7. Coping with natural disasters and
illness calamities
4. Climate change and global warming 8. Infrastructure developement
National Goals
natio

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

International Treaty • Policies
• Programs
Legal Frameworks • Projects

Social needs, issues, and

Problems
Figure 4. Development of Science and Technology Policies in the Philippines

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. Share your insights!

(Lesson 3 Check – Up)

Short Essay: What can you say about the state of science and technology in the Philippines then and
now? (Minimum number of words: 350). Submit your output through word or pdf format at google
classroom

Rubrics for Short Essay

Proficient Developing
Criteria Exemplary (5) Emerging (3)
(4) (2)
Content & - Content is - Content is - Content is
Development comprehensive, accurate and - Content is not incomplete.
accurate, and persuasive. comprehensive - Major points
persuasive. - Major points and /or are not clear.
- Major points are are stated. persuasive. -Specific
stated clearly and are - Responses are - Major points examples are not
well supported. adequate and are addressed, but used.
- Responses are address topic. not well
excellent, timely - Content is supported.
and address topic. clear. - Responses are
- Content is clear. -Specific inadequate or do
-Specific examples examples are not address topic.
are used. used. -Specific
examples do
not support
topic.
Organization & -Structure of the paper - Structure is - Structure of Organization
Structure is clear and easy to mostly clear the paper is not and structure
follow. and easy to easy to follow. detract from the
- Transitions are follow. - Transitions message.
logical and maintain - Transitions need - Writing is
the flow of thought are present. improvement. disjointed and
throughout the paper. - Conclusion is - Conclusion is lacks
- Conclusion is logical. missing, or if transition of
logical and flows provided, does thoughts.
from the body of the not flow from
paper. the body of the
paper.
Grammar, - Rules of - Rules of - Paper - Paper
Punctuation & grammar, usage, grammar, contains few contains
Spelling and punctuation usage, and grammatical, numerous
are followed; punctuation punctuation grammatical,
spelling is correct. are followed and spelling punctuation,
with minor errors. and spelling
errors. errors.
Spelling is
correct.
 C. FAMOUS FILIPINO IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
These Filipino scientists are:
1. Ramon Cabanos Barba- for his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine’s mangoes
2. Josefino cacas Comiso- for his works on observing the characteristics of Antartica by using satellite
images
3. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.- known intentionally in the field of electrical engineering; was elected as
officer of the famous Institute of electrical and Electronic Engineering
4. Lourdes jansuy cruz- notable for her research on sea venom
5. Fabian Millar Dayrit- for his research on herbal medicine
6. Rafael Dineros Guerrero III- for his research on tilapia culture
7. Enrique mapua Ostrea jr. – for inventing the meconium drugs testing
8. lilian Formalejo Patena- for doing research on plant biotechnology
9. mari-jo Panganiban Ruiz- for being an outstanding educator and graph theorist
10. Gregory ligot tangonan- for his research in the field of communications technology

There are other outstanding Filipino scientists who are recognized here and abroad for their outstanding
contributions in science:
• Caesar A. Saloma: an internationally renowned physicist
• Edgardo Gomez: famous scientist in marine science
• William Padolina: Chemistry and president of national academy of Science and Technology (NAST)-
Philippines
• Angel Alcala: marine science

There are other scientists in the Philippines who were not identified in the list.

SCIENCE
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Individual interest LABORATORIES
in Science

Family
(REAL-LIFE CONTEXT)
(TEACHERS AND
LEARNING
ENVIRONMENT)
Natural Environment

FILIPINO SCIENTISTS

FIGURE 5. Factors that Influence the Development of Filipino Scientists

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2. Get to Know More Filipino Scientist! (Lesson Check –

Up)

Identify at least three (3) other Filipino scientist. Research on their contributions in the
field of science. Examine what made them pursue a career in science. Submit your output
through word or pdf format at google classroom.