GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU

STANDARD FIVE
Term - I
Volume-2

MATHEMATICS
SCIENCE
SOCIAL SCIENCE

A publication under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamil Nadu

Department of School Education

Untouchability is Inhuman and a Crime

Introduction [Link] 1 5/7/2019 [Link] PM

 Government of Tamil Nadu

First Edition - 2019

(Published under New syllabus in
Trimester Pattern)

NOT FOR SALE

Content Creation

The wise
possess all

State Council of Educational Research

and Training
© SCERT 2019

Printing & Publishing

Tamil NaduTextbook and Educational

Services Corporation
[Link]

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 SOCIAL SCIENCE
TERM 1

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 Contents
Unit Name Page No

1 Our Earth 141

2 Towards History 148

3 Good Citizen 156

4 The Atmosphere 164

E-Book Assessment Digi Links

Let’s use the QR code in the text books!

• Download DIKSHA app from the Google Play Store.
• Tap the QR code icon to scan QR codes in the textbook.
• Point the device and focus on the QR code.
• On successful scan, content linked to the QR code gets listed.

Note: For ICT corner, Digi Links QR codes use any other QR scanner.

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 Unit 1 OUR EARTH
Imayan is waiting for his father in the evening, after returning
from school. His father is an employee in a reputed bank

Imayan : Come Daddy! (Imayan ran and hugged his father)

Father : what Imaya? Had your snacks?
Imayan : Yes, I had!
Father : What are you doing? Have you completed your homework?
Imayan : My social teacher told to draw solar system will you please help me?
Father : Yes Sure.
Imayan : She is going to teach about Earth tomorrow. She told to gather information
about earth. Please tell me about that dad.
Father : Oh! Ok. I will tell you.
Imayan : How did the earth originate?
Father : Millions of years ago an explosion called the big bang occurred. Numerous stars
and celestial bodies came into existence by that massive explosion. These celestial
bodies together called the Universe. It is also referred to as cosmos.

Nebula Zone

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 Imayan : Will you explain about Universe, Daddy?

Father : The Universe is a vast expanse of space. The Universe consists of billions of
galaxies, stars, planets, comets, asteriods, meteoroids and natural satellites.
The exact size of the universe is still unknown. Scientists believe that the
universe is still expanding outward.

Imayan : What is the galaxy, daddy?

Galaxy

Father : Galaxy has a huge cluster of stars. Our galaxy ‘Milky way’ is one of the countless
billions of galaxies in the Universe.
Milky Way

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 Imayan : Ok Daddy. What is Solar system?
Father : Solar system consists of the sun, the planets, their moons, dwarf planets,
asteroids and comets. These objects are gravitationally bound.
Imayan : Very interesting dad. Tell me about our solar system.
Father : There are 8 planets in our solar system. The outer planets are Gaseous planets.
They are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The inner -rocky planets are
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are called Terrestrial planets. The frozen
planets are Uranus and Neptune.

Solar Family

Activity

Make the Globe.

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 Imayan : Then, where is our Earth daddy?
Father : The Earth is the third planet from the sun and the fifth largest in the solar system
Imayan : It is said that the earth is rotating itself and at the same time revolving around
the sun. Is it true?
Father : Yes, it has two movements. They are rotations and revolution. The earth rotates
on its axis. It is called rotation of the earth. It also revolves around the Sun. It is
called revolution of the earth. Day and night are caused due to the earth’s rotation.
Seasons are caused by Earth’s revolution. Life is possible only on earth because of
the presence of land, air and water.

Summer Winter
March to May December to February

South West Monsoon North East Monsoon

June to September October and November

Imayan : Oh! I see. What is the distance between the sun and the earth?
Father : The distance is nearly 150 million kilometre between the sun and the earth.
Imayan : Say some interesting facts about Planets dad?
Father : Mercury and Venus lie near the sun. Next to Earth is Mars, Jupitar, Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune. The planets nearer to the sun are very hot. The planets
away from the sun are very cold. Mercury is the smallest planet. Venus is called
Earth’s twin. Mars is described as the Red planet. Earth is called the Blue planet.
Saturn is the Ringed planet.
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 Imayan : Wow! Amazing! Where do we live on the Earth?

Father : We live on the surface of the Earth. It is made up of 7 continents and 5 oceans.

Imayan : 7 continents!! What are they?

Father : Listen. They are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe,
and Australia.

Imayan : Which is the biggest continent?

Continents and Oceans

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 Father : The Asian continent where we live is the biggest of all. And Australia is the
smallest one. The Antartica is the continent full of snow.

Imayan : What are the five oceans Daddy?

Father : Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean and Southern
Ocean. Do you know that around 97 percent of the planet’s water is in the
Ocean?

Imayan : Is it so, Daddy?

Father : Yes, Around 71 percent of our Earth is covered by salt water and that is
called as Ocean. Only 2.5 percent of water is fresh and 1 percent of it is
easily accessible.
ASIA

Imayan : Thank you, Daddy. Today I have learnt a lot about the earth from you. Now I am
going to study and do my home work.

Father : Ok, Imaya. Go and study.

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 Birla Planetarium is located in Chennai which provides virtual tour
of the night sky and planets of the solar system.

Birla
Planetarium

Evaluation
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. The distance between the earth and the sun is ___________.
2. _____________ is caused due to revolution of the Earth.
3. The continent which is covered by ice is _____________.
4. The biggest continent is ______________.
5. _____________ is described as Red Planet.
6. ____________ Percentage of our earth is covered by salt water.
II. Match the Following: V. Answer in detail

1. Smallest continent - farthest planet Draw and Write about the solar system.
2. Blue planet - Australia
VI. Activity:
3. Neptune - Earth
1. Collect images on various types of planets.
III. Short answer: 2. On a world map mark the five
oceans of the Earth.
1. Define the origin of the Earth. 3. On a world map mark the deserts and
2. Define solar system? forests.
3. How many oceans are there in the earth?
4. Distinguish between Rotation and VII. Mapwork
Revolution?
Find the Continents and write their name
in the world map.
IV. Paragraph:

1. What do you know about Universe?.

2. Write about the nature of the Planet
Earth.
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 TOWARDS
Unit 2 HISTORY

Stone Age
Stone tools and weapons were used by humans in the past. To start with,
humans were not aware of any weapons or metals. They took several years to
invent them. Our lives today are their gifts. In this period humans were not
aware of scripts. The stone age is the period in which Stones were used as weapons.

Nature of Human Evolution

Early humans lived in jungles along with
animals. They used the stone tools to protect
themselves, drive away animals, dig out roots,
shoots etc. The most important thing is that
they ate everything raw including flesh. They
did not know the use of fire in the beginning. At
first, dog was their good companion. Wild animals ran away when dogs barked. Humans
tamed dog as their pet at first. They took it wherever they went. Later they started rearing
cattle as they did not harm them and were very useful to them. They observed some
grains growing along the river side. They ate them and found it very tasty. They observed
that the scattered grains were only eaten up by birds. They were keen observers. Early
man found that the grains grow with the help of sunshine and rainfall. Thus, they learnt
the art of cultivation.
Humans noticed forest fire.
At first they were afraid of fire.
They found some animals dead
due to fire. They ate the flesh of
the burnt animals. It tasted good.
They also observed that the spark
came out by scratching two
stones together. Since then, they
ate cooked food.

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 Museum
Museum is a place where objects which are rare and used
by our ancestors are preserved. These give information about
the lives of people. Therefore it is important to preserve the
remains of the past. Remains are the objects or things used
by the people of the past which got buried under the Earth.

 Early man used Quartzite, a type of stone for making tools and weapons.
 A type of stone called flint stone was used to produce fire.

Cultivation
Early humans did
not know to grow crops.
They wandered in all the
landscapes in search of food.
They ate whatever they
got and drank water from
natural sources. This kind
of life was called nomadic
life. They wore leaves, skins
of animals, barks of trees to
cover their body. They lived in caves and holes of big trees.
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 Stones were sharpened as tools by them. They made it with the help of other stones.
These sharp tools helped to hunt animals and tear the flesh of animals.
They used bones, horns, stones, skin, branches of trees and sticks as their tools and
weapons. This stage of development in history was called New stone age or Neolithic age.

Stone age

Palaeolithic age Mesolithic age Neolithic age

(old stone age) Middle stone age (New stone age)
10,000 BCE years ago Before 8,000 BCE 10,000 – 4000 BCE

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 Activity

What was the food eaten by early humans?

• _________________ _________________
• _________________ _________________
• Why did early humans live in the caves?
• Why did they eat raw flesh?

They used clothes, torches, tools and weapons.

The purpose of using them are given below:

To protect themselves from animals To find the path at night

To protect themselves from winter

They drew paintings of what they saw around them on the walls of the caves where they lived.
Distinguish between

Palaeolithic age Mesolithic age Neolithic age

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 Stone wheels
When the stones rolled down the mountains they acquired round
shape. Humans observed them and thus wheel was invented. In the
beginning it was made of stone and later by wood. This was the first
scientific invention.

Pottery
Pottery was also one of
the greatest inventions by humans. The baked pot was
strong and looked beautiful. Stone Age people made
all the household artifacts (articles made by humans)
by themselves.
Stone houses were built. The roofs of these houses
were thatched with sticks and husks. After this several
inventions were made, humans started living in a settled
life.
The period which has written documents are called historical period. These documents help
us to know about the life styles of the people, events, food habits, culture, art, architecture,
literature etc.,

Agriculture was an important activity in the history of humans. They started cultivating
crops. They sowed seeds and harvested crops. They found it convenient to live along the river
as crops grew well near the river.
Burial pots called urns have been excarated in which the dead bodies were placed and buried under the
ground.

20 lakhs years ago man walked straight. Around 3 lakhs years ago he spread all over the earth.
He cultivated around 8000 years ago. Since then civilisations started around 300 years ago.

Changes in man’s life

Man family society group administration

Earthenware Vessels
Metal used in the stone age.

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 At the end of new Stone Age copper was invented. In this age both stone and copper were
used. This period was called Chalcolithic Age. Bronze was produced when copper, zinc and tin
were mixed together. The period when people made tools from an alloy called bronze was called
Bronze Age.

Tell the names of some iron tools found at your home.

• Sickle Spade
• ___________ __________
• ___________ __________

After this, humans found iron and started using iron tools and weapons. This age was called
Iron Age. In this age household articles, agricultural tools etc. were made of iron. Metals were
alloyed and tools were made.
You can collect – coins, potsherds, metal objects etc. Most of these objects are dug out from
the ground. Such objects are preserved in the museum. In Tamilnadu, Athichanallur, Arikkamedu
and Keeladi are the sites where the objects used by the people of the past are excavated. Still
research is going on in these sites.

Activity

Find the age

of period

Palaeolithic age Neolithic age Ironage

Mesolithic Chalcolithic age

Archaeological excavations

If you come across any old, traditional objects of historical value try to collect and save them.

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 Athichanallur

Arikkamedu Keeladi

Pre historic period

Palaeolithic age Mesolithic Chalcolithic age Ironage

Middle age Neolithic age
Before 10,000 to 3000 to 1500 to
10,000 B.C.(BCE) Before 8,000 B.C. 1500 B.C. (BCE) 600 B.C. (BCE)
(BCE) 4.000 B.C. (BCE)

Before Christ (B.C)

Before Common Era (BCE).
Anno Domini (A.D)
Common Era (CE)

The term Chronology is used to express

the historical events in respect of dates
and years in the order of their occurrence

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 Study of coins is called Numismatics. All
types of coins right from metals to paper
help to learn about the kings, and economic
conditions of that period.
All the evidences or
traces like, artifacts,
pots, coins, idols,
Scripts inscribed about a king’s rule,
ornaments, weapons
people or society on rocks and walls
written documents etc,
are called inscriptions, usually they
are valuable sources to
are found on temple walls.
construct History.

Evaluation
I. Choose the best answer.
1. Palaeolithic humans,
a) Wore cotton clothes
b) Wore leaves and skin of animals
c) Wore woolen clothes.
4. The first scientific invention was ________.
2. The animal tamed by early human was
5. Name one site where historical research is
a) Cow
still going on_____________.
b) Horse
III. Answer in detail.
c) Dog
1. What is Stone Age?
3. The first metal invented by early human
was 2. Define Neolithic age.
a) Iron 3. In which age Stone and copper were used?
b) Copper 4. What are the sources that help us to learn
c) Gold history?
II. Fill in the blanks 5. What is a museum?
1. Early man lived in ____________.
6. How can we classify the prehistoric
2. The period before the inventions of script period?
was called.______________. 7. Classify Palaeolithic and Neolithic tools.
3. The period that used iron tools was called
________________.
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 Unit 3

Growthing
Trees

Helping
some one

Saluting
National flag
Helping
old People

Gardening

Pampering
Pet animal
What do the above pictures say?
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 Who is a human? What are the differences between animals and human beings?
‘Man is a social animal’. Human beings are
bestowed with senses. Human beings think and
act using their senses. They are born free but
bound in the social web. They cannot live alone.
They need social and emotional support. To live
in the society they need to develop some good
values.
We are born with few values and rights.
These values are further polished in educational
institutions. The aim of education is to change a
person into a valuable person.
Good values are the qualities of a person
that keep society running. These qualities can
be developed by all.
The term ‘civic’ relates to people or
SIGHT civilian or citizen of a country. People should
live together in unity.

FIVE Living together in harmony despite all

the disparities is a significant value. Helping
SENSES
TOUCH HEARING
others is also an important value.
There should be no disparity among
people and all are one. Today’s children are
tomorrow’s citizens of the nation. Moral
and good values have to be grown among
children so that they may become valuable
TA S T E SMELL citizens.

World survives on morality

Selfishness is immoral and
Selflessness is moral
Swami Vivekananda

Good values

Personal Cultural Social Disciplinary Constitutional

Values Values Values Values Values
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 Personal values:
Personal value is the basic value for every individual.
We must bring out the hidden values of a person that they
acquire from their experiences. This leads to their overall
development.

Try these
1. We show ____________ to all living beings.
2. Help the poor with ____________.
3. ____________ is the best policy.
4. The best relationship is ____________.
WORLD PEACE
5. We show ____________ to our guests.
6. We show ____________ to those who suffer.
7. Always speak the ____________.
8. We must maintain ____________ in public.
Citizenship
Love, mercy, generosity, honesty, truth, friendship, is the right to live
hospitality, peace, tolerance, faith etc. are personal
in a best way as a civilian.
values. (Fill in the above blanks with the help of
This includes a person’s
these values)
participation in Government
Try these activities too.
1. What is your mother tongue? ____________
2. Which is our official language? ____________
3. Main food of North India is ____________
4. ____________ is the main food of south India.
5. How many languages do you know? ____________

Cultural values
To become well mannered and cultured is an essence of the society.

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 Irrespective of language and religion people live together in harmony. This help to maintain
cultural values.

 We are Tamil people and Indians too. We are all human.

 We must live together as brothers and sisters.

Social values
• The king Sibi offered the flesh of
How should we behave in public places?
his thighs to a wounded dove.
We can maintain good values in public
places by following the points given • To give justice to a cow,
below. Manuneethi Cholan killed his son
under the wheels of his chariot.
 Maintain good relations with people
• King Paari offered his chariot to mullai, a climber
 Respect elders
(Rotana climber).
 Respect nature • King Pehan offered his shawl to a peacock.
 Be tolerant
 Maintain friendship

1. Grow trees to get ----------------

2. Millions benefit if they live --------------
3. United we --------------- divided we fall.

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 Disciplinary values
Punctuality, involvement, treating every one as equal, doing work ontime, holding your
morals, doing duties without fail, etc. are disciplinary values.

Circle the good values given above:

P L E Q A L I T Y A B

U O G X C O N D U C T

N Y E T F V V O L E D

C T N M A E O R H R S

T U E O E M I S I S E

U V R U D T V T G R R

A A O P E S E R V I V

L B C L F X M K M G I

I D I N I Z E R L H C

T E T K L G N F N T E

Y Y Y G M O T I O I K

CITIZEN

A citizen is a person who is a member of a particular country and enjoys various

rights and executes his duties. A sovereign state provides Citizenship to its people.
Right to live, right to vote, right to work and reside anywhere in the country are the
other rights enjoyed by the citizens.

Constitutional values:

1. Safeguard the public properties.

2. Maintain the unity and integrity of the nation.

3. Develop scientific attitude.

4. Protect the natural resources.

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 5. Care for the environment.
6. Honour the national symbols.
7. Respect martyrs and their sacrifices.
8. Preserve our culture and heritage.
9. Develop patriotism.

Match the following

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Environment
Public property
National symbol
Harmony
National Flag Scientific attitude
India Map

Bus
Tree

DON’T BREAK THE QUEUE

There are some factors that affect our values:
 Extreme faith in religion leads to communalism.
 Don’t break the queue / rules.
 Spitting and dumping garbage anywhere.
 Polluting land and water.

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 Let us know:
In the name of faith and worship people violate rules and values.
For example:
1. Breaking of white pumpkin (poosanikai) on the roads causes inconvenience to the
people.
2. Burning the old objects.
3. Submerging idols in water bodies.
4. Bursting crackers causes pollution.
In the name of modernization polythene, plastics and non-decomposable things are used
which causes various problems in the environment.

Good conduct and moral science are nothing but civic values.

Factors that enriches good values are:

• Literacy
• Creating awareness and interests
• Trying hard till success
• One’s own evaluation
• Acceptance
• Self confidence

One main feature of good value is to preserve

hygiene. Each person should be taught to be
hygienic and follow the routine given below
• Wakeup early in the morning
• Brush your teeth
• Have a bath
• Wear clean clothes
• Wear slippers / shoes
• Trim hair and cut the nails
• Wash hands before and after meals.

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 Consolidation
• Good values are developed by practicing them.
• Honesty is the best policy.
• Good values are classified into four types.

1. Personal values 2. Social values 3. Cultural values 4. Disciplinary values.

• Personal values are love, generosity, mercy etc.
• Cultural values include indiscriminate society and various cultural features.
• Mannerism is an important feature of social values.
• To protect equality is the soul of disciplinary value.

Evaluation
I. Fill in the blanks III. Answer the following
1. The word civic means _________________ of a in brief
nation. 1. Define the term Citizen.
2. The main objective of education is to 2. List out any five personal values?
change person into_________________. 3. What are the social values?
3. Man is a _________________. 4. What are disciplinary values?
4. Always be _________________ in delivering
duty. IV. Answer in detail.
1. Write any five factors that enrich good
II. Match the following values.
1. Natural character - Tolerance 2. Write about the constitutional values?
2. Culture - Affecting factor
3. Society - Punctuality
4. Duty - Language
5. Unemployment - Good value

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 ATMOSPHERE

Unit 4

Where do we get the most significant

Ravi
thing that we need?

Devi From the Biosphere of our earth.

Ravi What is Biosphere?

Biosphere is the combination of lithosphere,

Devi hydrosphere and atmosphere.

Ravi What is atmosphere? Shall we study about it?

Lithosphere – Land on Earth Hydrosphere – Water on Earth

Atmosphere – Air on Earth Biosphere – Life on Earth

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 Let’s breath
air and read?

Solid
Rock
Air

Soil Liquid
Solid Rock
Soil
Liquid

Atmosphere
Atmosphere is the envelope of air around the Earth.

Weather
Weather is a day to day conditions of atmosphere The word ‘weather’ is often used
at any place in regard to temperature, pressure, wind, by us in our day to day life
humidity, and rainfall.
World Weather Day March – 23
 Is there any poet who does not love the nature?
 Is there any human who does not enjoy air?

Climate The world climate is derived from

Climate is the average weather for a given period the Greek word called ‘clima’
of time.

Try
this

Take a ball and throw it up in the air observe the increasing

speed of the ball when it comes down.

Gases in the atmosphere

Oxygen 21% Nitrogen 78% Other gases 1%

Carbon di oxide Ozone Organ, Neon, Helium,

0.03% 0.00006% Hydrogen, Krypton,
Xenon, Methane

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 We know that the gravitational force increases near the Earth and decreases as
we go higher.
As a result the density of air also differs and can be found in five layers called
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Exosphere.
All the major changes occur in the Troposphere. The study of weather is called
Meteorology.

Solar radiation:
The Earth receives heat energy from the Sun in the form of radiation. It is called solar radiation.

World Environment Day, June-5

World Ozone Day, September-16
The sun is the only source of
Farenheit, Celsius, Kelvin are the units
to measure temperature light to all the planets in the solar
system. The land, water and air in
our planets receives heat from the
sun.
Write the significance
Activity of gases
Oxygen __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Carbon di oxide __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Ozone __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

Effects of solar radiation

 Land – Conduction  Water – Convection  Atmosphere - Terrestrial radiation
The earth has the
capacity to reflect the rays
from the sun.
The temperature is not
same everywhere. Latitude,
altitude, distance from
the sea, position of the
mountains are some of the
factors that determine the
temperature of a place.

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 Find out how it differs
Significance of Latitude and Longitude
 Latitude and Longitude together make grid.
 Thus grid helps us to locate a place correctly.

Learn Latitude/ Parallels Longitude / Meridians

The imaginary lines drawn horizontally (1) These are the semi circles extended from
on the Earth surface from west to east are North Pole to South Pole.
called latitudes. There are 180 latitudes or (2) The 0° longitude is called prime meridian.
parallel circles drawn around the earth surface It passes through a place called Greenwich
both in Northern and Southern hemispheres in London, England.
respectively.
(3) The earth rotates on its axis once in 24 hours.
Some important latitude are
There are 360 longitudes on the Earth.
(1) Equator - 0° Sunlight takes 4 minutes time to move 1°.
(2) Tropic of cancer -23 ½° North
(4) 82.30° East longitude is the Indian Standard
(3) Tropic of Capricorn-23 ½° South Time (IST) that passes through Allahabad
(4) Arctic Circle - 66 ½° North in India.
(5) Antarctic Circle - 66 ½° South (5) It is 5.30 hours ahead of Greenwich
(6) North Pole and South Pole end at a point Mean Time (GMT).
of – 90° North and 90° South
(6) 82.30° × 4’ = ____________?
(7) Equators is the great circle at the centre
of the earth

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 Location of India
68E 72 76 80 84 88 92 94E

N
36N 376’N W E 36N
S

32 PAKISTAN
32

CHINA
9725’E
28 NE
PA
L
BHUTAN

t 29 33 K.m
est abou
687’E East to W
Indian Standard Time - 8230’ E

BANGLADESH
North to south about 3214 K.m

I N D I A
24
24 Tropic of Cancer

20
20

ARABIAN BAY OF
SEA BENGAL

16 16

12
12

ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

LAKSHADWEEP
8N (INDIA)
8N
84’N
72 76 SRI LANKA 645’
84 88 92

I N D I A N O C E A N
Not to Scale

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 Activity In which latitude and longitude is your school located?

Latitude ________________________ Longitude ______________________

Heat Zones of the Earth

Why does the heat vary from

morning to evening?
It is because of the sun’s rays.
The land is divided into various
heat zones according to the fall of sun’s rays
on the surface of the Earth.
900 N
Frigid zone 660 ½' N

Temperate zone
230 ½' N
The zone between Tropic of Cancer
Torrid zone and Tropic of Capricorn is called Tropical
00 or Torrid zone, where the sun’s rays fall
Torrid zone vertically.
230 ½' S The zone between 23½° N to 66½° N
Temperate zone latitude and 23½° S to 66½° S latitude
which receive slanting rays of the sun are
Frigid zone 660 ½' S
called Temperate zone. The zones which do
900 S
not Get Sun’s rays are called Frigid zones.

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 Himalayas
The highest mountain in the world is Himalayas.
Apart from the famous mountain peaks like Mount Everest, K2, Kanchenjunga
there are other peaks like Nanga Parbat, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri. Mount Everest is the
highest peak in the world. It rises to a height of 8,848m above sea level.

Doddabetta
Doddabetta is the highest peak in the Nilgiri ranges. It rises to a height of 2,637
metres. There is a reserved forest area around the peak. It is 9 km from Ooty, on the
Ooty-Kotagiri Road in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India.

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 Pressure Barometer used for measuring
the pressure.
When the temperature increases, pressure
decreases and when the temperature
decreases, pressure increases.

Pressure

The average pressure of ocean is 1013 mlb.

Wind
The air which moves horizontally
from high pressure to low pressure area
is called wind.

How do you find the direction and speed of the wind?

Devi: The national flag which was hoisted in the  morning is
flying from West to East.
Ravi: My toy fan was swirling very fast when I showed it outside.

Air never moves in one direction. It differs from place to place and time to time.
This is due to the rotation of the earth.

The instrument
used to measure the The instrument
direction of wind is used to measure the
wind vane. speed of the wind is
Anemometer.

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 Wind Energy
Wind energy is a form of renewable energy. Wind turbines converts the kinetic energy into
mechanical energy. A generator can convert mechanical energy into electricity.

Loo Wind
The ‘Loo’ is a strong,
dusty, gusty, hot and dry
summer wind from the west
which blows over of North
Western India. It is especially
strong in the months of
May and June. Due to it very
high temperature, exposure
to it often leads to fatal
heatstrokes.

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 Different types of wind
Planetary wind:
These winds move in the same direction throughout the year with the rotation of the Earth.

Monsoon winds:
The word monsoon is derived from the Arabic term ‘mausim’ which means season.
Types:
 South West monsoon winds
 North East monsoon winds

South West Monsoon In India North East Monsoon In India

N N

W E W E
S S

I N D I A I N D I A

Arabian Bay of Arabian Bay of

Sea Bengal Sea Bengal

Not to Scale Not to Scale

Indian Ocean Indian Ocean

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 Sea breeze: Land Breeze:
It blows from sea to land during the evening. It blows from land to sea in the morning.

Local wind:
It affects the weather.
 Warm local wind – North West India  Cool local wind – North East India

Jet streams
Air currents in the upper
layers of atmosphere is known
as Jet streams.
It could determine the
arrival and departure of
monsoon winds in India.

Hurricane / cyclone
Hurricane changes its
position and direction with
time to time.
The speed of winds also
changes with time. It gives
very heavy rainfall.

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 Types of clouds
The clouds are composed of water vapour in the air. The clouds are divided into four
categories on the basis of appearance and height. They are

1. Cirrus cloud 2. Stratus cloud 3. Cumulus cloud 4. Nimbus cloud

1. Cirrus cloud
These clouds appears like a silver grey fish
at a very high altitude in the sky. These may not
give rain.

2. Stratus cloud
They are grey in colour and are spreadout.
They may give small shower.

3. Cumulus cloud
It looks like a burst cotton and gives
convectional rain fall.
These clouds are associated with
rainfall lightning and thunder.

4. Nimbus cloud
It appears as dark or grey in color. It gives
heavy rainfall. It is called vertical or rain
clouds.

How does the cloud appear today ?__________________________

Look at the sky: write
What would be the consequences ?__________________________

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 Rain fall
Condensation of the wind causes
rain fall
Rain water must be saved and not
be wasted.

Warm, moist Air cools and

air is forced condenses
to rise over
high areas
forming
clouds Convectional Rain fall
During summer solar
insolation takes place in land. Water
evaporates from lakes, ponds and
Rain
Shadow
vegetations. Due to this a heavy
rainfall with lightning and thunder
Sea occurs in the evening for a short
Air descends,

It rains
warms and period.
becomes drier

Environment
Natural Environment
The natural materials and living things, including sunlight are called environment.

Types of Environmental Pollution

Pollution

Water (liquid) Air (gas) Land (solid)

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 Rain water harvesting
Rain water harvesting is a technique of collection and storage of rainwater into natural
reservoirs or tanks, or the infiltration of surface water into subsurface aquifers (before it is
lost as surface runoff ). One method of rainwater harvesting is rooftop harvesting.

Convey this
message to society

Orographic Rain fall

When the moisture laden winds from
the sea climb the hill slopes, it becomes
cool and cause heavy rainfall. The
opposite side of the mountain is called
Leeward side. It receives very little rainfall.

Cyclonic rainfall
The warm air from the hot area is heated
and moves upwards. Hence a low pressure area
is developed and it attracts air from high pressure
area. Owing to Earth’s rotation a circular motion
of winds develop. It gets cooled and brings heavy
rainfall.

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 Thunder – Lightning

How do we know that the

thunder is going to hit?
When the clouds of positive and negative
(+,-) charge hit each other, lightning and
thunder are produced. Light travels faster
than sound, therefore thunder follows
lightning. When all the characteristics
together activate at the same time it is
called weather factory.

Evaluation
7. South West Monsoon In India North East Monsoo
I. Choose the best answer. N

W E

1. The atmosphere is divided S

into ___________ layers.

a) four b) five
c) six d) seven I N D I A I N D

2. The carbon dioxide is ___________

__________ in the atmosphere.
Arabian Bay of Arabian
a) 0.03% b) 3% Sea Bengal Sea

c) 1% d) 0.00003%
3. The world weather day
Not to Scale
a) March-20 b) March -21 Indian Ocean Indian
c) March-22 d) March-23
The above picture shows the direction of
4. The Indian Standard Meridian passes ___________.
through the city of ___________.
a) South west monsoon rain
a) Allahabad b) Ahmedabad b) North east monsoon rain
c) Hyderabad d) Secunderbad c) Cyclonic rain d) Orographic rain.
5. Zone located in between Tropic of cancer 8. Monsoon is derived from the
and Tropic of Capricorn is ________ zone. ____________ word.
a) Temperate b) Subtropical a) Greek b) Arabian
c) Cold d) Torrid c) English d) Latin
6. _______________ is used to measure 9. Vertical cloud is called ___________.
pressure in the air.
a) Cirrus cloud b) Stratus clouds
a) Barometer b) Thermometer
c) Cumulus clouds d) Nimbus clouds.
c) Anemometer d) Wind vane

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 10. ________ clouds give convectional rainfall. IV. True/ False.
a) Cirrus b) Stratus 1. Latitudes and longitudes are used to
c) Cumulus d) Nimbus calculate time zones. T/F

11. Which of the following statement(s) is/are. 2. Latitudes and Longitudes help us to locate
a country. T/F
Statement I - The instrument used to
measure wind direction in wind vane. 3. Atmosphere gets heated by conduction
than solar radiation. T/F
Statement II - The speed of light travels
faster than sound. 4. The main reason for the change of
a) I & II wind direction is Earth’s rotation. T/F
b) I only 5. Cyclone moves in anti-clock-wise
c) II only direction. T/F
d) None
V. Write short note.
II. Fill in the blanks.
1. What is weather?
1. The study about the weather is called
_________. 2. What are the atmospheric layers?

2. The instrument used to measure heat 3. Write a short note on the Nimbus clouds.
___________.
4. Illustrate orographic rain fall with a
3. The imaginary lines drawn parallel to the diagram.
surface of the earth is ______________.
4. ___________ are rain clouds.
VI. Answer in detail.
III. Match the following.
1. Write about Jet Streams?
a) Cirrus clouds - Grey sheet
2. Explain the types of winds.
b) Stratus clouds - Storm cloud
3. Write about ‘weather factory’.
c) Cumulus clouds - do not give rain
d) Nimbus clouds - Cotton

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 Class V - Mathematics, Science & Social Science (Term I, Volume 2)
List of Authors and Reviewers
Academic Advisor Mathematics Science Social Science
Dr. P. Kumar
Joint Director (Syllabus), Reviewers Reviewer Reviewers
Dr. Ramanujam Dr. K. Chinthanaiyalan K. Velu, B.T Asst,
SCERT, Chennai. B.T. Asst., GHS, [Link],
Professor, Institute of
Mathematical Science, Periyar nager, Thalaivasal, Selam.
Academic Co-ordinator
Tharamani, Chennai. Nandambakkam,
Dr. K.S. Mozhiyarasi Kanchipuram. S. Gomathi Manickam,
Principal, DIET, R. Krithika B. T Asst, [Link],
Research Centre Authors Old Perungalathur,
Keelapalur, Ariyalur P Pandian,
Azim Premji University, Kanchipuram.
Bangalore B.T. Asst, PUMS,
Subject Co-ordinators Puthur, Ariyalur. Srivathsan Ramasamy
Maths Authors P. Natrajan, Madhi Foundation,
Revathi. K P .Kalpana B.T. Asst, PUMS, Chennai.
Lecturer, DIET, B.T. Assistant, Chinnnapattakadu,
PUMS, Alambakkam, Authors
Perambalur. Ariyalur.
Pullambadi Union, S. Gunasekaran
Science Tiruchirappalli. V.I. Bhuvaneswari, BT Asst., G.H.S.S.,
Dr. K. Chinthanaiyalan B.T. Asst, PUMS, T. Palur, Ariyalur.
S. Natarajan Kalavaipatti,
B.T. Asst., GHS, B.T. Assistant, R. Josphin Immaculate
Periyar nager, Trichy.
PUMS, Managethi, BT Asst., G.H.S.,
Nandambakkam, T. Palur Block, Ariyalur. K. Ganesan, Palinga Natham, Ariyalur.
Kanchipuram. B.T. Asst, PUMS,
S. Muthamizh Selvan G. Kannambal
Social Science Vellaipichampatti, Trichy.
Secondary Grade Teacher, BT Asst., G.H.S.,
P. Chitra Devi PUPS, T. Palur, Chillakudi, Perambalur.
B.T. Asst., GHSS (Boys), T. Palur Block, Ariyalur. QR - Code P. Arumugam
Kadapakkam, Kanchipuram. Management Team BT Asst., G.H.S.S.,
A. Elayaraja
Secondary Grade Teacher, A. Devi Jesintha Peruvalappur, Trichy.
PUMS, Koraikkuzhi, B.T. Asst, G.H.S, T. Radhakrishnan
Layout Design and T. Palur Block, Ariyalur. [Link], Vellore BT Asst., PUMS,
Illustration Team S. Albert ValavanBabu,
V. Kalaiyarasan Valambakudi, Thanjavore.
Rajesh Tha ngappan Secondary Grade Teacher, B.T. Asst., G.H.S, P. Natarajan
Santhiyavu Stephen PUPS, Kavarapalayam, PerumalKovil, BT Asst., PUMS,
Gopinath, Yogesh, Andimadam Block, Ramanathapuram. Chinnapattakadu, Ariyalur.
Tamilkumaran, C. Prasanth Ariyalur. M. Murugesan
Pakkiri, Yesu Rathinam P. Pandiyan
F. Vimal Raja [Link]., [Link], BT Asst., PUMS,
Adison Raj, Kamatchi Balan Pethavelankottagam,
Secondary Grade Teacher, Puthur, Ariyalur.
In-House QC PUPS, Vengur Colony, Thiruvarur.
M. Soundarapandiyan
Kamatchi Balan Arumugam Thirukoilur Block, BT Asst., PUMS,
Arun Kamaraj Palanisamy Villupuram. Senapathi, Ariyalur.
Jerald Wilson P. Malarvizhi
Wrapper Design BT Asst., [Link],
Kathir Arumugam Padiyanallur Thiruvallur.

Coordination
Ramesh Munisamy

This book has been printed on 80 GSM Maplitho paper.

Printed by offset at:

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