SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL (SLeM)

Ties that Chemically

BindsTogether!

Jasmin C. Labay-MT 1

Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs)

How do atoms combine with other atoms?

A. By transferring electrons or;

B. By sharing of electrons?

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE:

Before you start with the module, I want you to set aside other activities
that will hinder you in enjoying the lesson. Read and try to understand
the instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit.
Enjoy!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every

page of this module.

2. Write in your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing

enhances learning that is important to develop and keep in mind.

3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.

4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer

keycard.

5. Analyze the post-test and apply what you have learned.

6. Enjoy learning!

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PARTS OF THIS MODULE:

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module.

• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts
to be mastered throughout the lesson.

• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what

learning and skills did you understand from the previous lesson

• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the

lesson.

• Activities- This is a set of activities you will perform with apartner.

• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.

• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from

thelesson.

• Post-test- This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.

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LESSON 1: IONIC BOND

EXPECTATIONS

Learning outcome - You should be able to describe how ionic bonds are
forms between metals and non-metals.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

• define ionic bond

• explain how electron transfer in ionic bond and how electron

are shared in covalent bond

• explain the formation of ionic and covalent compounds.

• describe the formation of covalent bonds between non-

metallic elements using dot and cross diagrams

• recognize different types of compounds (ionic and covalent

bond)from their properties such as melting point, hardness,
polarity and electrical and thermal conductivity.

• appreciate the importance of bonding not only with atoms but

also with family and friends

Let us start your journey in learning more on Ionic Bond I hope you are ready and excited to
answer the Pretest … Ready, Get set, Go!!

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PRETEST

Check your Knowledge :

Multiple choice : Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on the space
provided.

________1. Which is a not a type of chemical bonding?

A. Polar bond B. Metal bond C. Ionic bond D. Covalent bond

________2. Which of the following describe ionic bonding?

A. It involves the transfer of electrons. C. It involves sharing of protons.
B. It involves sharing of electrons. D. none of the above Commented [MGC1]: Same choice for B and C
No answer from the given choices

________3. Which of the following cations is responsible for the regulation and control of Commented [MGC2]: Your given choices are NOT considered
bodily fluids? as CATIONS, instead they are ELEMENTS or METALS in
particular
A. Mg+2 B. Na + C. Cu+ D. Fe+2

________4. Which of the following is a metal?

A. Oxygen B. Sulfur C. Potassium D. Carbon

________5. From the periodic table, which pair of elements can combine to form ionic
bonds?
A. Sr and S B. H and N C. H and Cl D. Xe and F

________6. Bond that is formed when electrons are equally shared.

A. Ionic B. Metallic C. Non-polar bond D. Polar bond

________7. In which compound is hydrogen bonding found?

A. Ammonia B. Carbon Dioxide C. Methane D. Sodium Chloride

________8. Which of the following pairs of atoms is most likely to form a covalent
compound?
A. C and O B. Na and O C. Mg and Br D. Ba and Cl

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator to check
your work. Congratulations and keep on learning.

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LOOKING BACK…
Lewis Electron-dot structures of Representative Element:

Dot is often used to represent the valence electrons in atoms and molecules. The
resulting structures are referred to as Lewis structures, electron-dot structure or
Lewis electron-dot structures (LEDs), named after Gilbert Newton Lewis who is a
pioneer in understanding the relationship between electron structure and chemical
bonding. LEDS are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and
the lone pair of electrons that may exist in the molecule. This explanation formulated by
Lewis “is that atoms combine in order to achieve a more stable electron configuration.”
When atoms interact to form a chemical bond only their outer regions are in contact. For
this reason, when we study chemical bonding, we are concerned primarily with the
valence electrons of the atoms. Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost energy
level. The electron dot representation will help us describe the bonding of the atom.

Figure 1

NH3 O2 N2

[Link]
periodicity/bonding/nature-bonds/bonded-and-lone-pairs

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Figure 2

Shows electron dot structures of elements in the first and second period of the periodic
table

[Link]

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BRIEF INTRODUCTION:
In the past lessons we have learned that
noble gases have special ability that is related
to the electron configurations. We’ve also
discussed the tendency of atoms to gain or
lose electrons to achieve such electron
configurations and to attain stability. An ion is formed whenever an uncharged atom
gains or loses an electron. Remember that a positive ion is understood as a cation and
a negative ion is thought as anion. Now for an atom to become stable, they should
achieve a configuration like that of an inert gas. But what if an atom lacks the number of
electrons that is needed to become stable? Note that atom should have an eight (8)
outer configuration to become stable. That is the time were atoms need to be bonded
with another atom to become stable. Chemical bond is an attractive force that holds an
atom together. There are two types of chemical bond- ionic bond and covalent bond.
Let us first try to discuss ionic bond. When a metal reacts with a non-metal, the metal
atoms transfer their outer electrons to the non-metal atoms. Thus, forming a positive ion
(cation) and negative ion (anions).
Ionic bonds are the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive and
negative ions. Electrons transfer in an ionic bond.

What are the steps involved in the formation of ionic bond:

1. Use the dot and cross diagram, dot (.) represent the electron of one atom and the
cross (x)represents the electrons of another atom.

Example, using the electron dot formula: a. Since sodium has only one electron left
in the outer shell, one electron transfer to chlorine thus giving them both to have an
eight (8) outer configuration b. Lithium and Florine

Sodium chloride Lithium Flouride

NaCl LiF

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 In previous lesson, we have discussed the
first type of chemical bond which is ionic
bond that happens between metal and non-
metal. This time, another type of chemical
bond will be discussed which is covalent
bond, electrons are shared between two
non-metal atoms.
Chem. Matters G’O’LEVEL2nded

Covalent bond occurs when the two atoms in the compound has the same tendency to
gain electron. Non-metals can also react with one another to attain the electronic
configuration of noble gases. When atoms are combined, they formed molecules.
Unlike ionic compounds, covalent molecules exist as true molecules. Since electrons
are shared no full ionic charges are formed. Thus, covalent molecules are strongly
attracted with each other.

How are electrons arranged in a covalent molecule?

You learned in the past lessons that some elements exist as molecules. Example of
which are:
Hydrogen (H₂), Oxygen (O₂), Chlorine (Cl₂), Nitrogen(N₂) these atoms exist as diatomic
molecule. These elements are made up of two atoms that are bonded together by
sharing of electrons. Dot (.) and Crosses (x) diagram will also be used to show the
sharing of electrons. Electrons are shared either by, single bond (-), double bond (₌) or
triple bond (≡).

Figure 1 Show how electrons are shared.

A. B.

A. Hydrogen atom has one outer electron. It needs one more electron to attain
stability. So, hydrogen atom shared its electron to another hydrogen atom.

B. Oxygen atom has 6 outer configurations. It needs two more electrons to become
stable and attain an octet configuration. Each oxygen atom shares two of each
outer electron with another oxygen atom.

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How are electrons arranged in a covalent compound?

A. Water -H₂O is made up of one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen. An
oxygen atom has 6 outer electrons, oxygen needs 2 more electrons to become
stable, while each hydrogen has 1 outer electron. It needs 1 more electron to
attain a stable duplet configuration. So, oxygen shares 2 electrons to hydrogen.

B. Carbon dioxide - CO₂ is made up of one atom of carbon and two atoms of
oxygen. Carbon has 4 outer electrons. Carbon atoms needs 4 more electron to
become stable. While oxygen has 2 outer electrons, it needs 2 more electrons
each oxygen to become stable.

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ACTIVITES – IONIC BOND

Name:_______________________ Year and Section: _____________________

Date:_____________ Teacher:______________________ Score:__________

Activity 1: “What holds atom together?”

Objectives: After the discussion, students should be able to:
1. Describe how ionic bonds are formed between metals and non-metals.
2. Show how ions are formed.

Materials: activity sheet and periodic table

Answer the following by completing the table below.

Elements Electron Dot Formation of Ionic Formula of

Symbol Bond Between Compound and
Elements Name of
Compound
1.K₁₉
F₉

2. Ca₂₀
S₁₆

3. Al₁₃
N₇

4. K₁₉
N₇

5. Ca₂₀
N₇

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ACTIVITES – COVALENT BOND

Name:_______________________ Year and Section: _____________________

Date:_____________ Teacher:______________________ Score:__________

Activity 2: “Bonding by Sharing”

Objectives: After the activity, students should be able to:
1. Explain how covalent bonding takes place.
2. Illustrate the sharing of electrons.

Materials: periodic table of elements

Procedure: Using the electron-dot-symbol, illustrate the formation of the simplest

molecule between the following pairs of elements .

Pair of Elements Lewis Structure Covalent Bonds

Formed
[Link]₁₇ and Cl₁₇

2.F₉ and F₉

3.N₇ and N₇

4.H₁ and F₇

5.H₁ and N₇

6.C₆ and O₈

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REMEMBER

Chemical bond is an attractive force that holds atom together. There are two general
types of chemical bond:

1. Ionic bond - is the electrostatic force that holds ion together in an ionic
compound. Electron transfer in an ionic bond

2. Covalent bond – is a bond in which electrons are shared by the two atoms.
There are two types of covalent bond;

a. Polar covalent bond - is a bond in which the electrons are not equally shared
because the electrons spend more time in the vicinity of one atom than the other.

b. Non-polar covalent bond is when the number of electrons is equally shared by

the atom. Diatomic molecules usually form non-polar covalent bond.

3. Atoms need to be bonded in order to attain the stability needed like that of inert
gases.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

A. B.

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Using the figure above, answer the following questions:
Critical thinking questions:
1. What is the nature of element forms cation after ionic bonding? How about
Anion?

2. Why do ions form after ionic bonding?

3. Did the atom attain stability after ionic bonding?

4. How do covalent bonds form between atoms?

5. What is the nature of element that usually forms covalent bond?

6. Which is more stable or which has a stronger force of attraction ionic bond or
covalent bond? Explain your answer.

7. Why is a diatomic molecules always form a non-polar covalent bond?

POST TEST
Directions: Matching Type
Match the item in column A with the item in column B
A. B.
1. Ionic bond A. positive ion
2. Covalent bond B. negative ion
3. Metallic bond C. bond between metal
4. Bond between metal D. bond between non-metals
5. Anion E. bond between metal and non-metal

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REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name:__________________________ Year and Section: _____________________

Ties that Chemically: Binds Together!

Directions: Write a reflective learning on the Chemical Bonds by answering the

questions inside the box. You may express your answers in a more critical and
creative presentation of your great learning. Enjoy!

What other
Chemical Bond What learnings examples can I
guides me to have I found from contribute to
ponder on… this lesson? explore and think
more?

What learnings What good

What is my
can I share with character have I
conclusions on
my family and developed from
the lesson?
peers? the lessons?

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REFERENCES

Printed Books and Articles

[Link],[Link],Science Links Worktexts for Scientific and Technological

Literacy for Grade 9,Manila,Philippines Revised Edition2015:Rex Bookstore Publishing
p 121,144,145.

[Link], Aristea V,Exploring Life Through Science-Chemistry, Quezon City,

Philippines:Phoenix Publishing House p.120,124

3. Tan Yin Toon, Chin Ling Kwongetal,CHEMISTRY Matters GCE’O’LEVEL

2nded.,Printed in Singapore Marshall Cavendish Education p.96,108,109.

4. Science Learner’s Module 9 ,1st edition,2014 Deped Philippines by FEP Printing

Corporation p.118,120

5. Cordero, Nora C. and Gonzalez,Josefa G,General Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory

Manual and Workbook Revised Edition 2014 University of the East p.27.

[Link]/search?q=ionic+bond&sxsrf=ALeKk020MH8hPHPo4QGmJUfVeRcOk9SM4
Q:1593175176206&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiU_8SDwJ_qAhUVwosBHQ
VVA60Q_AUoAXoECBIQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=7uiSTl8b4EPC_M

2.[Link]
k9SM4Q:1593175176206&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiU_8SDwJ_qAhUVwo
sBHQV

Illustrator :Reycylyn [Link]

Prepared by: JASMIN [Link] - MT 1 [Link] Integrated School

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Schools Division Superintendent: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V

Chief Education Supervisor: Aida H. Rondilla
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