5G: The Catalyst to Digital

Revolution in India
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 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Content

Foreword by Deloitte 04
Message from CII 05
The 5G shift to unlock future potential 06
Why will 5G be the catalyst? 07
Preparedness: India’s key to success 14
Is it worth the effort or just a pipe dream? 17
How will this digital revolution transform industry? 23
Evolving business models and new intermediaries 40
Challenges in implementation 42
Conclusive Remarks 46
Glossary of terms 47
About Confederation of Indian Industry 48
Acknowledgements 49
References 50

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5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Foreword by Deloitte
India is at the cusp of a digital revolution This report presents a view on:
powered by increasing broadband and
•• India’s current telecom ecosystem and
internet penetration, exponential data
preparedness to embrace 5G;
uptake, the Government’s focus on
digitalisation and increasing trend of •• Impact of 5G on various telecom
technology adoption across industries. industry stakeholders as well as
This revolution is likely to generate potential and relevance of 5G across
new growth avenues, boost industrial industry verticals;
productivity and has the potential to
•• Potential business models and
transform the socio-economic fabric of
intermediaries that could evolve in lieu
the country.
of 5G;
Sathish Gopalaiah
Partner In addition to 5G providing significant •• Key considerations which would be key
network performance characteristic to ensuring 5G commercial launch in
improvements over the previous India in line with global launch.
generations, it is expected to also add
various service dimensions beyond 5G could be the answer to the digital
the traditional voice and data through aspirations harbored by the industry and
enabling technologies like Internet of our society. However, considering the
Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), underlying infrastructural and business
Robotic Process Automation (RPA), challenges faced by the telecom sector; a
Augemented Reality / Virtual Reality coordinated roadmap between the public
(AR/ VR) etc. giving rise to use cases and private sector can go a long way in
across industry verticals. New business cementing the right ecosystem required
models and intermediaries are emerging for the successful adoption of 5G in India.
in the 5G value chain to cater to the
need for connectivity and for providing We hope that you find this report
differentiated services to niche market insightful and enriching!
segments as well as customers.

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 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Message from CII

Faster speeds, higher bandwidth, wireless networks need to be enhanced
lower latency. The next era of wireless to enable this connectivity. As society
technology 5G will open the door to life- becomes increasingly dependent on
changing innovations. the transfer of mobile data, current
technologies need to boost up to handle
5G - the fifth generation of wireless the demands of the progressively digital-
networks will allow new innovations to savvy consumer.
flourish and dramatically change our
day-to-day lives; as telecom firms spend To help make this possible, 5G technology
billions on current network and new will use new frequencies of spectrum, i.e.
technologies to prepare for the next era the radio waves that are used to carry
Umang Das of wireless service – one that relies on cellular signals. With smarter devices and
Summit Chairman & dense networks of small cells. appliances hitting the market every year,
Co- Chairman, CII National we believe that the introduction of 5G
Committee on Telecom & Broadband Billions of new connected devices will systems in the coming years will offer a
come online in the next decade. These faster, and more efficient infrastructure
devices will need to transmit significantly to prepare us for the Internet of Things.
more data and do so reliably. Today’s

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5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

The 5G shift to unlock

future potential
While the Industrial Revolution in the late With the rise in mobile phone penetration
1700s and early 1800s had significant and uptake of data services, the internet
impact on the Gross Domestic Product economy in India is expected to touch
(GDP) per capita of several economies the USD 155 billion mark by 2018,
in Europe and North America; for India contributing to around 5% to the GDP.1
it had an adverse impact with India left This is likely to grow by 1.5-1.75 times in
to be a mere supplier of raw material for next 2-3 years.2
the British industries. From then till now,
there have been revolutionary periods of It is believed that India’s digital economy
growth and industrialisation across the has the potential to reach USD 1 trillion
world however none can potentially have by the year 2025 driven by increased
similar impact on the Indian industry proliferation of smart phones, increased
and economy as the growth of mobile internet penetration, growth of mobile
broadband and digitalisation. These broadband, growth of data and social
digital technologies could be the drivers media.3
that are likely to transform industries
and the Indian society itself, accelerating 5G is envisaged to be the key catalyst that
them on an unprecedented growth would fuel this growth.
trajectory.

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 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Why will 5G be
the catalyst?
The Industrial Revolution in the 1800s new intermediaries in the value chain and
saw the textile industry take its place greater efficiencies in productivity across
as the dominant industry aided by industry verticals.
rapid technological developments in
the industry resulting in development The evolution to 5G is logical for Telcos
of the ‘factory system’. The ‘factory While 4G was a clear upgrade in
system’ soon got replicated across technology from 3G, 5G is more focused
other industry verticals. In this Digital on incremental enhancements on
Revolution, Information Communication existing Long Term Evolution (LTE)
and Technology (ICT) is the dominant technology thereby allowing operators to
industry and it is the focus on broadband evolve their LTE networks. As telcos are
and impending technological shift to 5G deploying these enhancement on LTE;
in the sector that is expected to serve new service dimensions are opening up.
as the ‘Catalyst’. It is envisaged that this This incremental approach makes the
technology shift is likely to give rise to transition logical and telcos are already
opportunities through digitisation by the on the path to 5G.
introduction of new services & products,

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5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Realising the importance and potential 66 countries are already in the process
of 5G, the number of operators ideating of conducting field trials and testing
and investing in the technology is 5G. Moreover, it is expected that 3%
growing substantially. Out of the 681 of the network-based mobile service
LTE commercial networks globally, more providers are likely to launch 5G network
than one-fifth, i.e. 154 operators across commercially by the year 2020.4

Table 1- Global early bird 5G timelines by Telcos

Country Moving Towards 5G

United States AT&T will introduce mobile 5G through portable hotspot to customers in few cities across the US at the end
of year 2018

Verizon is rolling out commercial service over 5G fixed wireless networks in several cities partnering with
OEMs Samsung & Ericsson (year end 2018) on millimetre waves

T-Mobile committed to a massive, multi-year investment in 5G networks partnering a deal of USD 3.5 billion
with Nokia with complete suite of equipment and services to start deployments in 2019

Sprint will launch mobile 5G services on its 2.5 GHz spectrum holdings on a nationwide basis in the first half
of the year 2019

China China Mobile is conducting trials for 5G in a string of cities and will start pre-commercial use of 5G by the
year 2019 before its commercial launch by 2020 with an expected ~ 10,000 5G base stations across locations

China Unicom will start 5G test this year, pre-commercialize 5G in 2019 and is expected to achieve large-
scale commercialization by the year 2020

South Korea SK Telecom has formed a 200-member task force to fasten commercial launch of 5G services and has
acquired spectrum in the 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz frequencies for coverage and hotspot based capacity

Korea Telecom is expected to launch its commercial 5G network by March 2019. It had earlier completed 5G
trials during the Winter Olympics Games in the city of PyeongChang with 5G-driven visual technologies

Australia Telstra has conducted 5G network data call trial with Ericsson and Intel as a part of Telstra 2022 strategy
and is planning to deploy its 5G network with full commercial deployment expected in the year 2020 in high
demand areas

United Kingdom Vodafone shall be using frequencies in its 3.4 GHz band for 5G trial across seven cities in UK and is expected
to commercially launch in the year 2020.

Source: Deloitte Analysis

On one hand, the new features and cells, on the other, the features also focus
specifications being released as upgrades on improving network performance. 5G is
for LTE are enabling telcos to reduce characterised by greater peak data rates,
the capex and opex expenditure on higher throughput, lower latency and
network deployments through improved high connection density as compared to
spectrum utilisation, energy efficiency 4G networks, thus is expected to result in
and network densification through small- improved user experience.

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 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Figure 1: Comparative view of current broadband technologies vs. 5G

Limitation of key broadband technologies

Fixed broadband 4G LTE

Despite having high range wireless Higher latency values in 4G

modems/ Wi-Fi hotspots, fixed prevent it from being used for
broadband still does not provide industrial and mission critical
the level of mobility which today’s applications
consumer wants

Fixed broadband deployment is 4G network may not be able to

not only capex intensive, but time handle data speeds expected
consuming to deploy. This may in future in view of data hungry
delay the go-to-market timelines applications, richer content and
of Telcos billions of connected devices

India still have a low wireline 4G uses complex modulation

broadband penetration. Hence, techniques which along with
fixed broadband cannot match other factors such as coverage
the scale/ volumes which mobility gaps and better data rates
services provide (compared to 2G/3G) result in
faster draining of battery

Limitation of key broadband technologies

Data speed in 5G is 5G network is being 5G technology will 5G in an Software- 5G is expected

expected to be around designed for less fundamentally move defined Networking to use higher
10 Gbps. With such than 1 millisecond the processing ability (SDN) / Network frequency bands
speeds, 5G will not latency. Hence, of handsets to mobile Function Virtualization (30-300 GHz) which
only provide rich 5G in conjunction edge/ cloud. Hence, (NFV) environment will will provide better
user experience but with IoT will be the handsets are expected provide services based capacity, bandwidth
also revolutionize key technology to have much longer on network slicing scalability and lesser
the mobility content choice industries- battery life than ever whereby operators interference
available online automotive, medicine, before will allocate network
manufacturing resources (slices) in
line with complexity of
customer requirements
Source: Deloitte Analysis
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5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

5G will cater to diverse service operate. 5G is expected to add to those

requirements service dimensions through improved
While there have been technological network performance characteristics as
advancements from second generation well as enabling technologies such as IoT,
through to fourth generation in telecom, AI, robotics etc.
none of the previous developments
expanded the service dimension beyond 5G has several potential use cases across
the traditional revenue streams in the industry verticals. Most of these can be
sector. More so, cause a technology grouped in three main categories:
shift in the ways other industry verticals

Figure 2: Key 5G service characteristics5

5G main use cases

Extreme Data Rates: Multi-gigabits per

second, for, e.g. UHD virtual reality

Uniform User Experience: At least 100

5G Enabling Aspects
Mbps everywhere, not impacting QoS/E
- Non exhaustive -

Enhanced
Mobile
mmWave Broadband Ultra- High Density: 1M
Spectrum Sub 6GHz bands devices/Km2, for the hyper
Unlicensed spectr. connected NW vision

5G New Radio Ultra- Low Energy: +10 years of

Radio Massive MIMO battery life
Optimized OFDM Massive
will Internet of Ultra- Low Bit Rates: 10’ of
MEC allow… Things bits per sec., for monitoring NW
Access C-RAN
Multi-RAT Mission Deep Coverage: To reach
Critical challenging locations
Control
Core NFV/SDN & MANO
New architecture Strong Security: Critical communications
,e.g. government/financial trusted

Ultra-high Reliability: <1 out of 100M packets

lost, needed for critical applications

Ultra-low Latency: Low as 1 ms, for, e.g.

autonomous driving and virtual reality

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 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

•• Enhanced Mobile Broadband Improved reliability and ultra-low

(eMBB) – Improved and uniform latency applications have ramifications
high throughput experience, better across industry verticals. Some key
in building/ indoor access, capability examples include autonomous vehicles,
to cater to dense/ crowded areas, drones and robotic applications, real
improved spectrum utilisation are time industry applications, health
expected to enable deployment of data monitoring system / tele-health, smart
intensive use cases like Augmented grid and intelligent transportation.
and Virtual Reality (AR/VR), Cloud,
•• Massive Machine Type
3-D Video/ 4K screens. Telcos need to
Communications (mMTC) – Limited
monetise this opportunity would drive
network connectivity and reliability in
the adoption of 5G. eMBB use cases
dense urban areas as well as device
are also contributing to expansion
power requirements limited the wide
of the existing 4G network, network
scale application IoT with 4G/ LTE.
densification and fiber deployment for
5G improves upon the low power
FTTx value proposition.
operational capabilities for devices/
•• Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency sensors utilizing both licensed and
Communications (uRLLC) - Commonly unlicensed spectrum bands through
known as Mission Critical Services CAT–M1 and NB-IoT advancements.
(MCS), this 5G feature provides a highly mMTC use cases have resulted in
available and reliable network. The new industry verticals originating,
ultra-low latency based performance such as smart cities and impacting
attributes reinforced with highly several others such as agriculture,
secured network infrastructure energy/ utility management, industrial
is expected to facilitate real time automation, smart logistics, smart
capabilities and performance to grids and smart consumer wearables to
support services which requires name a few.
greater monitoring and control.

Table 2: Envisage use case mapped with key 5G characteristics

Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Massive Machine Type Communications
Communications (uRLLC) (mMTC)

Fixed Wireless Access service Autonomous vehicles Asset tracking and predictive maintenance

Enhanced in-building broadband service Drones and robotic applications Smart cities, buildings, and agriculture

Real-time augmented reality service Health monitoring system / tele-health Internet of Energy/Utility management

Real-time virtual and mixed reality service Smart grid and metering Industrial automation

Crowded or dense area service Intelligent transportation Smart logistics – advance telematics

Enhance digital signage Factory automation Smart grid and metering

High definition cloud gaming Remote operation Smart consumer wearables

Public Protection and Disaster Response Self-driving car Environment management

(PPDR) Service

Massive Content Streaming service Mission critical services - security & safety Intelligent surveillance and video analytics

Remote surgery and examination High definition real time gaming Smart retail

Source: Deloitte Analysis

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5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Table 3: KPI coverage across 5G cases

Service Peak Data User Spectrum Mobility Latency Connection Network Area Traffic
Category Rate Experience Efficiency Density Energy Capacity
Data Rate Efficiency

eMBB High High High High Medium Medium High High

mMTC Low Low Low Low Low High Medium Low

uRLLC Low Low Low High High Low Low Low

Source: Deloitte Analysis

Limited by high costs of fiber deployment across the value chain to develop content
for broadband connectivity; 5G provides and relevant offerings.
a lower cost wireless alternative for
last mile connectivity with almost 5G is also likely to strengthen the suite of
matching speeds and user experience. enterprise services for telcos by providing
It is estimated that a 10% increase in a more agile and efficient network with
broadband penetration could result in the ability to meet varied demand/ on-
1% increase in GDP6. With relatively low demand requirements through network
broadband penetration in the country, slicing, virtualization, software defined
the opportunity is huge. networking, mobile edge computing and
cloud.
Meeting user demand and enhancing
competitiveness Transition towards 5G is gaining
5G networks are expected to not only momentum globally
enable telcos to meet user demand This transition is also fueled by early
for high speed data network, but also steps being taken by governments
support rich content type such as 4K/ 8K in many countries including initial
videos, AR/ VR allowing telcos to counter investments in technology development
the threat of OTT players who have as well as focus of regulatory bodies
impacted telco revenues negatively in the in planning for upcoming commercial
past decade. Telecom service providers roll outs.
are forging partnerships with players

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 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Table 4: Other prominent forums with global partnerships to build momentum for 5G deployment

Country Partnerships Established Vision

India 5G High Level Forum 2017 5G High Level Forum was set up to develop a vision for 5G in India
and recommend policy changes/ action plan to achieve the vision

Partnership with premier 2018 Department of Telecom (DoT) is in process of setting up a

technical institutes in development center for 5G at IIT Madras to create the right
India ecosystem for 5G development in India

China IMT 2020 5G Promotion 2013 Jointly established by three ministries in China, it is one of the major
Group platforms in the world to promote the research of 5G infrastructure

Japan 5GMF Fifth Generation 2014 Conduct research & development concerning 5G and further
Mobile Communications promote education and awareness
Promotion Forum

Republic of 5G Forum 2013 Consisting of members from public and private sectors, its goal is to
Korea assist in the development of the 5G standard and contribute to its
globalization

United 5G Innovation Network 2018 It’s a ‘network of networks’ to facilitate and encourage the
Kingdom engagement and coordination of organizations working on 5G
activities across the UK. 

United States 5G Americas* 2016 Advocates for advancement in LTE technologies and their evolution
*
(renamed) to 5G encompassing networks, services, applications, and connected
devices

Australia 5G Working Group 2018 Fosters an ongoing 5G dialogue between industry, subject matter
experts and Commonwealth Government representatives on how
best to realize the benefits of 5G across a range of portfolios and
sectors.

Europe 5G – IA 5GPPP - 5G 2014 Collaborative research program across 43 projects and a part of
Infrastructure Public Horizon 2020 to create benefits out of 5G technology supporting
Private Partnership digitization and integration of vertical industries in Europe

Source: Deloitte Analysis

In India, all industry stakeholders are The telecom regulatory authority

actively involved in the endeavour to is simultaneously working on the
commercially launch 5G by 2020 through spectrum plan for 5G focused on global
investments in R&D, formulation of test standardisation, aligning the spectrum
beds, technology trials for deployment plan with global spectrum allocations
and study of use cases. for 5G and spectrum harmonisation to
facilitate this endeavour.

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5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Preparedness: India’s
key to success
Taking view of the benefits 5G can bring Through this forum, all key stakeholders
to the entire value chain across consumer in the industry have been working
and business, Government of India (GoI), towards developing the right eco-system
through Department of Telecom (DoT) for 5G commercialization. One of the
has released the Draft National Digital focus actions is to achieve a globally-
Communication Policy (DNDCP), and competitive product development and
emphasised on creating an actionable manufacturing ecosystem targeting
plan for the rollout of 5G application and 50% of India’s market and 10% of the
services. global market over 5-7 years7. These
efforts are aligned with roadmap for 5G
To address timely development of 5G implementation globally for commercial
infrastructure, DoT has also setup a high deployment by 2020.
level forum ’5G India 2020’ to develop the
roadmap for operationalising 5G services
in India by the year 2020.

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 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Figure 3: Roadmap of 5G deployment

2020 India,
Technical Preparation 2018 Winter Olympics Australia, China
Standardization in progress South Korea | Trials Full Commercial

2017 USA 2018 USA Launch 2020 United

Pre-Commercialization trials Fixed Wireless Launch Kingdom, Japan
Full Commercial

Year Year Year Year Year Year

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020

3GPP R14 – 5G Study 3GPP R15 – 5G NR Phase 1 3GPP R16 – 5G NR 3GPP R17 – 5G Evolution
Phase 2

Robust 4G network upgrade to LTE - A and LTE- A Pro with 5G plugins

5G with 4G interworking Non-Standalone

deployment and Fixed Wireless Access

5G is mainstream
Standalone deployments &
densification

Progressive steps taken towards the Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)

overall development of 5G ecosystem and industry stakeholders to define the
in India ‘Spectrum Management Framework’
specifically focused on spectrum
•• Building ecosystem for Research &
allocation for 5G. Further, the option
Development (R&D)
of freeing up more of the spectrum for
DoT is seen to be focused on
digital communications and spectrum
development of Intellectual Property
harmonisation is also being deliberated.
Rights, standards formulation and
proof of concepts through research •• Streamlining Right of Way (RoW) and
projects, global standardisation forums, accelerating ‘Fiberisation’
PPP projects, testbeds and pilot roll- Fibre backhaul is critical for deployment
outs of next generation technologies and
high speed 5G network infrastructure.
•• Incremental upgrades and trials
India aims to increase its fibre
by Telco with Original Equipment
backbone to 2.5 million km by the year
Manufacturer (OEM)
2022, up from the current 1.5 million
Telcos and OEMs are jointly conducing
km.8 To facilitate this deployment, the
trials and feasibility studies for 4.5G/
government streamlined the Right of
5G based technologies to get better
Way (RoW) policy in 2016. This also
insights on economics, performance
included streamlining of application
and technical challenges of deploying
procedure, ‘single-window’ clearances,
these new techniques.
dispute resolution in a time bound
•• Re-defining the spectrum manner, along with rationalizing
management framework administrative expenses across the
DoT is presently working with Telecom entire approval process.

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5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

•• Enabling an inclusive business program providing fiber connectivity to

environment to promote rural India.9 This network can accelerate
partnerships and innovation 5G penetration across the country and
To develop a collaborative environment expand the digital revolution to rural
between the growing start-up India through initiatives such as smart
eco-system and ICT infrastructure villages, IoT adoption, analytics and
providers, DoT is in process to formalise cloud solutions to improve productivity
various fiscal and non-fiscal benefits across sectors such as agriculture,
for start-ups, encouraging academic MSMEs, banking etc. Moreover, 5G
collaborations, conducting pilots and network could be deployed using Low
testing, along with concessions on Mobility Large Cell (LMLC) and Fixed
imports – products and services. Wireless Access (FWA) based last mile
solutions to expand mobile coverage,
•• Leveraging opportunities through
enhance data throughput across
Digital India initiatives
villages, government offices, healthcare
More than 300,000 km of fiber is
and educational institutions, etc.
planned to be deployed under the
government’s flagship ‘BharatNet’

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 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Is it worth the effort or

just a pipe dream?
The advancement from 2G to 3G, Given this conundrum, it is worthwhile
followed by 4G and LTE were also to deliberate upon 5G, in terms of the
technological advancements; built prospects and business opportunities
upon an existing telecom backbone, given the long payback periods for the
supplemented by additional investments large capex investments.
in technology and infrastructure.
Undoubtedly, every such leap in 5G has full attention of all key telecom
technology opens up new opportunities industry stakeholders making it pertinent
for the telecom service providers. to understand the potential.

Ironically, the “4G story” from the recent

past demonstrates that, despite huge
investment influx amidst plenitude of
promised opportunities, business growth
for telecom service providers seems to
be tepid.

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5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Voice of mobile operators such as Low-Power Wide-Area Network

Introduction of 5G networks coupled with (LPWAN) for IoT connectivity, mobile
mature solutions across NFV/SDN, cloud edge computing, content caching service
automation and IoT networks, is likely along with content delivery networks
to drive more agile and future oriented for augmented and virtual reality, are
networks to support the unrealised expected to generate new experiences
business case of existing 4G networks and help garner new consumers and
and further giving rise to diverse service generate new revenue streams.
portfolios. New radio access capabilities
through 5G, coupled with solutions

Figure 4: 5G business models for operators10

Operator’s business models

Powered by:

Network
Performance User differentiation for consumer

Connected Real time work 8K video 4K video Virtual Augmented

home in cloud beamer presence reality

XXL Broadband UHD Video Virtual Reality

Network
Network as a Service for corporate
slicing

Safety and Auto Traffic Health Utility and Communication

logistics management energy
security
Tailored vertical NaaS + Xaas solutions

Data Information brokering for corporate

Self driving Traffic Logistics Factory Industrial Smart grids

management automation applications

Traffic systems Advance logistics and production Massive metering

5G is also expected to provide customer experience with increased

opportunities for operators to charge a uptake in service, eventually boosting the
premium for their services, penetrate Average Revenue per User (ARPU).
markets in shorter time, and drive better

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 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

In the telecom industry, this opportunity Driving partnership projects - creating

driven by network and IT convergence is value across industry sectors
seen giving rise to intermediaries across Unlike 4G and the previous generation
application development, analytics, technologies, 5G is expected to embrace
security and other IT driven services. and support specialised use cases across
industries like manufacturing, energy,
Voice of Original Equipment utilities, healthcare, pharmaceutical,
Manufacturers (OEMs) transportation and logistics. OEMs are
Over the years, telecom OEMs have entering these verticals to design and
thrived on proprietary hardware build next generation features such as
and software. Software-defined end-to-end network security, automation
networks have resulted in network and analytics.11
programmability on open source
platform implemented on Commercial- 5G network complemented with IoT has
Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware. the potential to result in orchestration
Complemented with network function of solutions focused on maximising
virtualization, OEMs are seen orienting productivity and efficiency. With new
their products towards open source built- growth avenues across vertical industries,
up, giving rise to revenues from diverse equipment vendors are well positioned in
sources such as Everything–as-a-Service building partnerships to create solutions
(XaaS). and leading implementation for diverse
requirement across sectors.

Figure 5: Inflight initiatives/ use cases between OEMs and industries

Smart Grid
Creation of active networks to enable field devices for smart utilities and cities, along
with powering real-time responses to changing conditions

Transmission Grids
Enabling energy and utilities sector to transform traditional SCADA to intelligent IP-MPLS based
transmission grid providing better assurance across entire operation lifecycle

Connected Aircraft
Providing critical support to flight operators to manage their services and network. Thus,
improving fleet management, flight operations with better safety, passenger experience

Connected Freight
Enabling scalable IoT solution to track and monitors critical shipments in transits providing location
information but also measure for shock and tilt, humidity, temperature and pressure changes

Smart Factory
Connecting disparate systems and devices with the help of IoT, automation and big data analytics
to produce actionable insights, leading to lower costs and environmentally sustainable operations

Source: Deloitte Analysis

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5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Voice of handset manufacturers sheltering possibilities for deployment of

By year 2023, approx. 1 billion 5G new technologies including 5G, and IoT.13
devices are expected to be connected
worldwide12. Pioneers in this space, such Since, high frequency spectrum bands
as Qualcomm, Mediatek, Huawei, Intel will also be considered by telecom
and Samsung have already unveiled operators for the deployment of 5G
a slew of pre-commercial 5G chipset networks, it is expected to result in
versions. Moreover, test trials are being low coverage deployments, thereby,
conducted across multiple 5G enabled restricting and localizing services. In
devices such as smartphones, laptops, order to promote ubiquitous network
Customer-Premise-Equipment (CPE), connectivity and quality through
and pocket routers. The advent of 5G densification of network, telecom
networks with AR/ VR capabilities is operators are seen investing in small
expected to open up demand for new cells, fibre networks, in-building
series of devices. solutions, street furniture, and Wi-Fi
hotspots. This eventually is expected
The handsets might be expensive at the to have a bearing on infrastructure
beginning, attributed to the intensive providers as well, since the infrastructure
capital outlay during the development of requirement will be paramount to
5G chipsets and on ancillary technologies. implement any of the above mentioned
Nevertheless, drawing parallels to the scenarios.
previous generation handsets and
devices, the prices would eventually Furthermore, ‘Digital India’ initiatives like
decline with growing volumes. ‘BharatNet’ and ‘Smart Cities’, along with
high rate of fiberisation across various
Voice of infra providers parts of India have brought telecom
Currently, the industry has ~471,000 tower companies’ implementation
towers across the country. Since, India capabilities to the fore.
is set to witness a multi-fold increase
in data consumption, the industry is
expecting to foresee at least 100,000
more towers with an approx. investment
of USD 2.78 billion in the near future to
stride towards ‘Digital India’ initiative and

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 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Figure 6: Key growth areas for tower companies14

New Business Areas Energy Management

IBS, Small cells, Wifi offloading Clean energy sources
Fiberized backhaul network Data analytics
Managed services Energy efficient equipment

Innovative Site Acquisition & Rollout Models New Team/Skill Development and O&M
Site deployment Process Automation
Acquisition for data roll-out R&D and innovation skills
Street level coverage network Site Analytics management skills
Managed services Automation of non-intelligent processes

Commercial Models and OpEx Reduction

Newer Concepts like RAN Sharing and
Pass through vs Fixed fuel cost Network Cooperation
Rental cost reduction RAN Sharing
Field force utilization Network Cooperation (NetCo)

Source: Industry Discussions, Deloitte Analysis

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5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Voice of a digital customer The digital consumer’s smart wearables

India is dominated by the millennial include smartwatches, fitness trackers,
population with median age of 27 years15, VR headsets, smart wristbands, activity
which represents a customer base that trackers, sports watches, and other
is not only young, but also increasingly medical wearables (e.g. diabetes
digital. This demographic segment monitor). These devices will automatically
accounts for 61% of internet users and connect with stores utilising beacon
78% of online shoppers16. The voice based technology, allowing consumers
of this digital customer demands an to receive push advertisements and
enormous amount of high speed mobile notifications with personalised deals,
data and ubiquitous connectivity to boosting sales and making store visits
meet their specific needs such as media more tailored to their needs. The market
streaming (video, audio) with improved size for wearable devices is estimated to
content and quality (e.g., 4K/8K UHD), exceed USD 12 billion by 2023, growing at
over-the-top (OTT) mobile content a CAGR of over 24% from 2016 to 202317.
(e.g., Netflix, Amazon Prime Video), and Additionally, through the development
far richer user-created content (e.g., of indoor navigation apps that utilise
WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook). computer vision technology to track
users’ movements, shoppers may also be
What are the new age millennials able to use their wearables to navigate
looking for? across large stores or malls.
Digital has become a lifestyle. It is not just
about traditional voice and data services; Answering the question
the digital consumer lives in smart Given the wide spread use cases for
homes, drives connected cars, fashions 5G and their far reaching implications
smart wearables, immerses in video coupled with the responsiveness of the
experience – eats, lives and breathes telecom ecosystem participants, and
digital. This consumer is now exploring fueled by the government’s vision for
beyond reality into the realms of the Digital India, there is a definite market-
virtual world. calling for this technological upgrade.
Having established the case for this
5G promises to offer a better video upgrade, there is also, beyond any doubt,
viewing experience on any device, a need to assess the viability, approach
irrespective of the user being static, and deployment plan to ensure readiness
or mobile. Imagine a financial services in terms of operating model, commercial
firm that could transform an ATM model, and infrastructure necessary to
into a full-service branch powered get the ball rolling.
by videoconferencing over a 5G fixed
wireless connection, or in the near future
being serviced by VR bots in the branch.
5G is expected to offer the requisite
bandwidth and low latency that is
fundamental to mobile VR experiences.
Further, VR would extend far beyond
gaming where users could be able to
attend sporting events and concerts
via their VR headsets capturing live
experiences.

22
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

How will this digital

revolution transform
industry?
5G, with its superior features, global economic output of up to USD
channelised through enhanced Mobile 12.3 trillion in 203518. Manufacturing is
Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable expected to have the largest share of 5G
and Low-Latency Communications enabled economic activity in 2035, up to
(URLLC) and Massive Machine Type USD 3.4 trillion.19
Communications (mMTC) capabilities, is
expected to revolutionise the industrial
landscape and facilitate in unlocking

23
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Figure 7: Market expectation from 5G use case categories

Customer preferences

Complexity of use case adoption

The market expectation

Regulations and Policies is a factor of several
dimensions that
brings out the six
ICT History prospective sectors
where 5G has the
maximum potential
Technology to revolutionize the
Adoption industry

Value Chain
Readiness

Impact of 5G

Industry eMBB mMTC uRLLC

Agriculture High High Medium

Automotive High High High

Energy & utilities Low High Medium

Healthcare High Medium High

Manufacturing High High Medium

Media & Entertainment High Medium Medium

Source: Deloitte Analysis

24
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

01. Manufacturing
The marketplace is compelling suppliers/ customers etc., thereby making
manufacturers to become efficient them smarter and much more efficient –
and competitive through adoption of the factories of the future!
technology to tackle the challenges of
shortened product life cycles, increasing Key use cases for the digital
labour costs and discrete manufacturing manufacturing ecosystem – connected,
processes requiring process agile, and effective
specialisation. It is anticipated that global
•• Enhance efficiency through
manufacturers will spend USD 70 billion
robotics 22: Remote assistance and
into IoT solutions and begin realising
robotic control would help perform
gains from 5G use cases by 202020. Many
labour intensive, precision as well as
countries, including China, US, Germany
manufacturing activities in hazardous
and the UK, have begun to realise the
environments there by increasing
need for smart manufacturing and have
process quality and reducing
started to implement policies to facilitate
production time. In the future, 5G
them.
could enable a system of collaborative
robots to share information through
The Indian government, with its ‘Make in
cloud, allowing smart factories across
India’ campaign, aims to establish India
geographies to learn from one another
as a global manufacturing hub through
through AI processes. Robots will no
various policy measures that have even
longer need to be the processors of the
contributed to the 9.3% growth of this
data, and could offload the processing
sector in the year 201721. 5G in India is
function to the cloud thereby increasing
expected to provide the network to keep
dexterity and lowering energy
these factories connected real time with
consumption.

Figure 8: Digital future of manufacturing sector20

Synchronized planning

Dynamic Connected
fulfillment customer

Digital
core

Digital Smart
development factory

Intelligent supply

25
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

•• Automation through Internet •• Effective operations through

of Things (IoT): IoT is expected to Augmented Reality (AR): With 5G
enable cell automation and process enabled AR, companies could be able
automation with sensors being to create a virtual back office and
controlled through control units. remotely use the data obtained by the
Autonomous guided vehicles could smart devices to provide training and
help transformation between assembly instructions. Companies have also been
lines. IoT application would have a experimenting with ART (Augmented
far reaching impact on efficiency and Reality Troubleshooting), allowing
safety, also allowing greater flexibility in remote trouble-shooting, thereby
operational processes. improving the response time. This is
helping in optimising maintenance
The transfer of heavy data such as planning, reducing production down-
3D models and historic data sets times and increasing production
could empower manufacturers to efficiency.
make timely and informed decisions.
Digitisation achieved through IoT is Having acknowledged the widespread
expected to reduce factory equipment potential of digitisation in manufacturing,
maintenance costs by up to 40% and it is vital to discern the dependencies on
increase manufacturing productivity by which its success hinges upon.
10-25%.23

Figure 9: Key considerations for implementing use cases in digital manufacturing

Security Technology infrastructure Network infrastructure

In a connected factory Smart factories will need The high importance of factory
where data about all adequate infrastructure related communications would
systems is flowing in and certain level of demand that redundancies are
such large amounts, data technology implementation built in network infrastructure
security becomes a key to enable this digital which was not a consideration in
consideration. transformation. the past for manufacturing units.

Source: Deloitte Analysis

Indian manufacturing has also embarked future might fall behind, while the early
on this journey in the quest for greater adopters are expected to gain a head
efficiency and flexibility. Manufacturers start and establish their foothold on the
with no strategy to invest into a digital future landscape of the sector.

26
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

02. Agriculture and allied industry

Though, India ranks third in agriculture potential yield for most of the crops.24
and farm output globally, given the This unrealised potential can be
country’s agro-climatic conditions, attributed to various challenges broken
the sector fulfils only 50 to 60% of the across its value chain.

Figure 10: Agricultural value chain and its challenges25

Production

•• Marginal land holdings

•• Stagnant yields in last 20 years

for most of the crops

•• Water and land use continue to

be mismanaged

Processing •• Lack of data capture and

analysis from field
Fluctuating commodity
prices exacerbates
problems for farmers and
communities

Distribution

Various infrastructure
constraints – unavailability of
appropriate power, roads, storage
(cold & dry) and other agri-logistics

Retailing

Poor farm returns. Individual

in agriculture earns 3 times
lesser (on average) than
what Individual from non-
agriculture does

Consumption

Information asymmetry –
Information on changing customer
patterns does not reach farmers

27
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Introduction of digitisation and adoption boost agriculture sector by improving

of technologies such as IoT, Big data productivity of yield, bringing
analytics, Artificial Intelligence, drones transparency across value chain, ensuring
etc. is expected to aid in overcoming smarter supporting infrastructure while
mostof the current barriers and increasing the farm returns.

5G Use cases
applications of IoT
& other upcomaing
technologies in
Agriculture

Soil and crop Precision Smart irrigation & climate Livestock Agricultural
monitoring farming change alignment monitoring drones

Key considerations for Use Cases in India

Vast geographical coverage Providing connectivity in vast rural geographic spread in India

Low income of farmers Ability to invest in 5G use cases

Small agriculture land holdings Given that, around 67% of the operational land holding is marginal (less than 1
hectare)26, lack of economies of scale to deploy advanced technologies

Government policies Current policy environment focusses mainly on connectivity, roll out of services in still
being envisaged

Infrastructure unpreparedness Other infrastructural gaps with roads, transportation etc.

28
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

03. Automotive industry

Significant investment in the research devices, grids etc. could enable a plethora
for V2X (Vehicle to everything) of use cases / features such as collision
communication, where the vehicle avoidance, real time traffic routing,
communicates with varied elements pedestrian’s safety alerts, emergency
such as other vehicles, infrastructure, braking etc.

5G Use Cases for the automotive industry

Various new use cases are expected in the near future enabled through IoT, AI, cloud and automation27

Less than 5 years Connected cars platforms and basic features, Vehicle sensing, virtual assistants, Real time data analytics,
over the air software upgradation / deployment, virtual assistants, HD maps, monitoring systems

5 – 10 years Automotive Lidar, Vehicle to vehicle communication, Digital personalisation, In vehicle advanced UI, mobility
as a service

More than 10 years Autonomous vehicles

The lifeline of this connected vehicle possibility in near future more so because
ecosystem is ubiquitous connectivity of the lack of compliance to traffic rules
with minimal latency. Although various rather than lack of technology; with
features of connected vehicles have 5G, the wave of V2X based solutions is
been tested and partially implemented expected to be triggered and basic V2X
in developed nations through LTE, features with partial automation may
the power of this connected vehicle become prevalent across India. While V2X
ecosystem can truly be harnessed features may only be seen in high end
through introduction of 5G networks. luxury vehicles to begin with, these are
expected to extend to other medium and
In Indian context, though, fully automated small range vehicles in the medium term.
autonomous vehicles might not look like a

29
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

04. Energy and utilities

Digitisation of energy sector in India localise damages due to external factors
could enhance electricity access to the such as extreme weather. Low latency
population as well as improve energy feature and high data rates offered by
efficiency and utilisation thereby resulting 5G networks have the potential to meet
in environmental sustainability. This can these requirements, which eventually
also help reduce unplanned outages could translate into effective utilisation of
by close monitoring of equipment, resource and reduced losses.
help spot human errors and quickly

Figure 11: 5G enabled uses cases across energy and utility sector

01 02 03 04 05

Distribution of Smart meters for the Remote monitoring Energy efficiency and Smart Power
energy within a smart homes of energy sites reducing the effects generation, Green
smart-grid •• Installing smart •• Monitoring energy of climate change energy and
•• Monitoring energy meters to efficiently production across •• Smart and controlled distribution
usage through manage, send solar farms, lighting environment automation
connected services and monitor data windfarms & power •• Reduced energy •• Smart power
for improved generated stations with smart requirements generation
efficiency •• Maintaining sensors monitored through through 5G and
•• Monitoring of precision in •• Monitoring of health wireless devices IoT modernized
energy consumption information, allowing and readiness of transmission and
patterns frequent and more the equipment to distribution
•• Anticipating energy data to be sent and maintain operational •• Generation of
peaks to support received efficiency power with low
load balancing •• Assisting users to •• Advance use of carbon emissions,
•• Predictive analytics analyze electricity analytics and reports maximizing use
to assess outages consumption to reduce expensive of wind and solar
patterns across service visits, and power
different devices prevent outages •• Balancing power
generation systems
during extreme
wind variations
and contingency
situations

Source: Deloitte Analysis

30
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

05. Healthcare industry

5G enabled technologies such as IoT, •• Automation: Remotely operated
big data analytics, artificial intelligence robotic surgeries, robot assisted
(AI) and machine learning (ML) have the therapies and surgeries enabled
capability to overhaul the healthcare through mission-critical features of 5G
system. networks requiring high reliability, high
availability, and low latency could bring
•• Mobility: Connected healthcare is
advanced medical treatment which is
allowing remote diagnosis for complex
out of reach of the rural population.
cases, performing pre-planned
surgeries in remote locations etc. All •• Online consultations: Online
this will be feasible through 5G, which is consultations and virtual doctor-patient
expected to not only improve the reach interactions on account of high data
of healthcare services across India speeds is expected to reduce the long
but also the quality of diagnosis and waiting time for patients
subsequent treatment.
•• Data Management: Centralisation of
•• Monitor Health: “The Internet of patient records, making them more
Medical Things (IoMT)” could make it accessible and secure is expected to
possible for physicians to remotely expedite diagnosis and treatment
monitor patient’s ingestion and options for patients
medicine intake in real time. Wearable
sensors to wireless charging implants This digitalisation is expected to bridge
are widely being used to measure the gap across demographics for basic
various physiological signs and physical necessities, reducing disparities in
activities. These sensors are likely to the delivery of health care across the
have enhanced capabilities to capture country and making it more affordable
vital health related signs along with to citizens.
features to detect failing implants
thereby minimising healthcare hazard.
Point of Care (POC) testing and medical
diagnostics could allow a patient
being treated in a nearby clinic or the
patient’s home instead of a centralised
laboratory/ hospital, thereby resulting
in quicker diagnosis and results to
patients.

31
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Figure 12: Key considerations for developing use cases in healthcare sector

Capital Investment
5G-enabled integrated, intelligent, and massive healthcare
system in every city, town, and community of the world will
require enormous capex, time and human capital

Security and Privacy

5G security threats are more serious to healthcare systems
due to the possibility of cyber-attacks that can be detrimental
on the society. Appropriate security framework should be
considered to prevent such instances

Data Governance
Secure access to an online central repository of medical
records

Technology Shift and Penetration

Spreading awareness among specialists, with new innovations
and better utilization of 5G

32
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

06. Media and entertainment

Media and entertainment is a sector voice recognition technology is likely
which is driven by consumer preferences to evolve towards voice interaction
and behaviour. With increasing usage with virtual characters through smart
of smartphones and adoption of digital wearables.
initiatives by consumers in this space,
•• Enriching gaming experience: This will
there has been rapid development in the
comprise of features such as replays,
media and entertainment industry which
player views from different angles, real
is gradually moving towards enhancing
time language translation between
customer experience.
players etc.

5G enabled services: •• User/machine generated content

With affordable smartphones and from smart devices could help users
increasing uptake of digital products, to share data real time which is likely to
Media and Entertainment industry is improve the user experience.
expected to be one of key sectors to
•• Cooperative media production could
be impacted by 5G. Future use cases in
allow content to be worked upon by
this sector are seen primarily requiring
different users in multiple locations
ubiquitous connectivity and high data
simultaneously.
rates with low latency as highlighted
below: •• Distributed performance is expected
to have the capability of distributed
•• Immersive experiences: Online AR/ VR
content sourced from different
gaming of the future will require tactile
locations in real time.
internet experience (high data rates at
low latency). This in combination with

Figure 13: Trends across emerging segments in media and entertainment sector

3,475.60

2,342.90

1,768.80
1,691.20
1,773.70

1,241.30 1405.4
1,055.10 1,194.70
968.8 998.70

620.6 855.5
824.9
447.2
397.2

Online Gaming Digital Media Animation & VFX Live Events

FY2016 FY2017 FY2018E FY2020E

33
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Figure 14: Improving income pattern in India (2005 – 2025)28

Indian residents shifting from low to high income groups (%) Million Household, 100%

209.1 266.5 267 304.8

18%
31% 30.7%
44%

46%

45% 45.3%

42%
20%

15% 15%
8% 11%
6% 6.4% 5%
3% 1.5% 2% 2.6%

2005 2016 2017 2025F

Elite(>30800) Affluent(15400-30800) Aspires(7700-15400) Next billion(2300-7700) Strugglers(<2300)

In India, with the increasing use of to proliferate and these dramatic

internet and other digital resources, improvements in media consumption
consumption of services across digital could lead to innovations across premium
media, online gaming, animation & VFX as content services such as dedicated virtual
well as live event viewing is expected to reality sports channels and multi-player
grow at a rapid pace. mobile games. Distribution of high-
resolution digital content and media
5G networks are expected to bring a will require seamless coverage and high
new era of professional live-streaming bandwidth which 5G in the near future
of sports and other live events. User- can provide.
generated live streams are also expected

34
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

07. Retail
Today’s retail industry is largely driven which could attract customers and
by customers expecting a unique and invite them into the stores, increasing
personalised shopping experience, store footfall.
with customised products. With the
•• Handheld devices: The magic-tabs
e-commerce boom, users are seen
could turn store managers and
getting this experience online. This trend
executives into customer service
coupled with increasing cost in the retail
“genies” by providing customers
space is changing the store stocking
with information and insights to help
patterns with shift from in-store stock
improve the shopping experience.
to storing stock at central warehouses.
With a growing inclination towards omni •• Heat mapping technology: Analysing
channel retail; retailers are required to security footage in real-time using
offer complete flexibility in sales channels AI-driven algorithms can help retailers
along with better consumer experience. understand how consumers move
through the store and what could be
About 43% smart phone users are done to better engage with them.
already making weekly purchases
•• Beacons: Beacon technology could help
on their phones29. Majority of
retailer to send push notifications to
smartphone shoppers expect to have
consumer’s smart phones/ wearables
a personal shopping advisor, digital
while in the store. This feature could
shopping assistants to help them with
also help in improving in-store
purchasing decisions. Further, AR-VR
navigation for customers.
technology integrations are likely to give
smartphones all the benefits of a typical •• Out-of-stock instances: Using RFID
physical stores within next 3 years.30 tags, retailers could aim at achieving
99% inventory accuracy, a 50%
Through 5G enabled emerging reduction in out-of-stocks, a 70%
technologies, retailers can adopt various reduction in shrinkage, and sales lifts in
use cases: the 2% to 7% range31.

•• In-store analytics: In-store analytics

Owing to the robust investment in retail
is proving to be very useful for
and rapidly increasing number of internet
determining retail trends, demand/
users, online retail in India is expected to
consumption patterns, optimise pricing
be at par with the physical stores in the
and providing retailer insights that are
coming few years.
quintessential for decision making.

•• Interactive fitting rooms Interactive To compete effectively, retailers need

“magic mirrors” have the ability to to consider reacting to the needs of
recognise a particular product (through the tech-savvy digital consumers.
RF-ID tags) the moment someone tries With 5G, retail companies could use
it in a store. Accordingly, this data can innovative technologies with more data
be used to send customised alerts on speed and reliability, gather more data,
a near real time basis (matching shoes, and ultimately create more business
trousers etc.) to enhance customer opportunities, augment revenues and
experience and boost sales. building long-lasting relationship with
satisfied customers.
•• Interactive storefront windows:
Interactive and exciting messaging on
touch-screens linked to motion-sensors

35
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

08. Smart cities

Increasing urbanisation through The market expects over 50 billion
development of infrastructure coupled devices to be connected to mobile
with digitalisation is paving the way for networks worldwide by 202032, causing a
smarter living. large volume of communication occurring
between machines, rather than humans.
Enhancing safety, increasing energy In the smart city context this connected
efficiency, improving air quality, efficient city could enable use cases such as:
transportation and boosting overall
•• Video surveillance and analytics –
quality of life are the need of the hour.
Providing surveillance and security
The stimulus for making cities smarter is
services enabling assurance and
not just driven by the need to modernize,
mitigating concerns over safety
but also to provide citizens with better
quality of life. •• Intelligent transport and traffic
management – Managing traffic could
While existing 4G, HetNet and wireline be easier through controlled traffic
networks are already being utilised in signals and sensors regulating the
smart cities around the world, they are flow of traffic throughout the city in
limited by the number of connections response to demand
they can support, the data they can
•• Smart grids and metering systems
transmit, and most importantly the
with smart street light – Enabling
speed they can offer, all of which are seen
better management and conservation
creating hurdles in deployment of smart
of energy, thereby, keeping a check over
cities use cases. Enabled by LPWAN and
pollution and further reducing outages
fiberisation along with support of mMTC
capabilities, 5G networks are expected •• Solid waste management – Improving
to overcome these hurdles, and enable operational costs by optimising
large number of connections, providing routes for garbage trucks through
super-high bandwidth, and ultra-low elimination of unnecessary pick-ups,
latency based communications, to build a providing dynamic collection routes and
connected city – a smarter city. schedules for a complete optimisation
of the collection operations

36
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Figure 15: Potential distribution of 5G use cases across humans and machines33

Human to Human to Machine to

Human Machine Machine

Enhanced Video Mobile Cloud

Virtual Reality / Augmented Reality
Mobile Monitoring Computing
Broadband
Video Calling Fixed UHD
Virtual Meetings Wireless Video

Massive Scale Wearables Social Smart Homes / Smart Cities

Communica- Networking
tion
Health Care Vehicle to Industrial
Monitoring Infrastructure Automation

Ultra-Reliable Public Safety Remote Vehicle to Vehicle to

Low Latency Surgery pedestrian Vehicle
Service

In the not-too-distant future, our cities are expected to be smarter, cleaner, and safer
places to live. At the heart of each of these smart cities will be a 5G network.

37
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

09. Government
This revolution also provides an As steps are being taken for digitisation of
opportunity for the government to government data, creating an end to end
improve it’s connect with the citizens. digital experience from a citizen’s view
Digitalisation could help improve delivery point for accessing government services
of government services to citizens anytime and from anywhere could
and also lower transaction costs for greatly enhance the viability and reach of
citizens. Before the digitalisation journey, government programs.
digitisation of citizen records and govt.
data/ information across departments
is critical. In the Indian context, with
Aadhar, a unique, uniform citizen ID has
been created.

An example where digitalisation could greatly improve govt. reach and improve the
success of the programs is the education sector. The future learning model could
be a virtual, immediate, and interactive, enabling personalisation and on-demand
availability of skill programmers. Through capabilities such as ‘Tactile Internet’ along
with VR and AR, adopting methods such as tele-teaching, tele-mentoring, virtual
university, virtual classroom, and virtual team-working, etc. could become easier.

10. Public protection and disaster relief

National authorities or relevant operators be helpful in enabling traffic prioritisation
use Public Protection and Disaster models during critical communications.
Relief (PPDR) radio communications for This includes the ability to dynamically
managing services with regards to public pre-empt some users in order to provide
safety, security, defense and emergency. immediate services for first responders in
To further modernise and enable an emergency or perilous situations.
reliability over critical communications,
Sensors, cameras and other automated
the use of 5G network is expected
devices are significant sources of
to be supportive in addressing the
information to ensure public safety.
requirements. Capabilities such as mMTC,
Through building synergies across such
reinforced with Mobile-Edge Computing
source feeds, 5G networks could also
(MEC) and eMBB solutions are expected
support integrating information from
to allow flexible use of radio resources,
diverse source feeds or devices into
thus, improving communications.
Public Safety operations, enabling it to
Moreover, capabilities through network become less reactive and more proactive.
slicing at core infrastructure could also

38
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Figure 16: Potential distribution of 5G use cases across humans and machines  

Operational efficiency Cost reduction

Public Safety operations and High reliability networks
mission critical field services are involve high cost. Cost would
expected to leapfrog to the next be a key consideration to
levels of efficiency through mobility have a unified pan India
and digitalization PPDR network

Public safety
Public security and safety is a critical
government agenda. The question of
safety is relevant, not only for citizens but
also for first responders. Mission critical
applications surveillance, video analytics,
facial recognition system can help improve
efficiency and effectiveness of first
responders

39
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Evolving business models

and new intermediaries
In the previous section we understood Defined Networking (SDN) and Network
the far reaching application of 5G use Functional Virtualization (NFV), telcos
cases across industry verticals though could be able to deliver the network
eMBB, uRLLC and mMTC capabilities. customised to customer needs and
While it is difficult to predict which of deploy such networks in quick time with
those use cases would drive the 5G reduced capex and opex requirements.
demand, collectively the large number This is expected to enable telcos to try
of use cases could possible support the various service offerings at low cost
investment case for 5G. with faster time to market, fostering
innovation. Telcos are seen forging
The network capabilities added through partnerships across the value chain to
network slicing in the 5G environment explore opportunities for new services
is expected to allow telcos to offer leading to new business models and
‘made to order’ solutions for their intermediaries.
customers. Complemented by Software

40
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Intermediaries for connectivity: Intermediaries based on differentiated

Prerequisite for 5G is network services: With the range of 5G use
densification of existing 4G/ LTE cases across industry verticals requiring
networks. Further, through use of different characteristics for example, low
various technologies such as small cells, latency and high reliability application
IBS, DAS, Wi-Fi telcos are seen building for robotics in manufacturing and
heterogeneous networks, which can automotive sectors; high data throughput
provide the required network coverage. requirements for augmented reality use
This need has given rise to opportunity cases; the traditional offerings based
for OEMs to offer ‘small-cell-as-a-service’, on connection speed and volume of
‘hetnet-as-a-service’, which are networks usage could see a shift. Basis the service
deployed and managed by OEMs utilised provider’s ability to make this shift to
by telecom service providers to densify have offerings for relevant niche industry
their network there by enabling 4G verticals as well as tariffs customised to
expansion and prepare for impending offering type, there is an opportunity for
launch of 5G. intermediaries. Downstream to telecom
service providers, these intermediaries
Intermediaries for network could acquire bandwidth from the
infrastructure: Cloud companies and telecom service providers based on
tech start-ups have emerged providing defined SLAs for throughput, latency,
network infrastructure resources for reliability etc. and create differentiated
computing, storage and processing services/ applications based on niche
as well as network functions such industry vertical they want to cater to
as security, firewall, load balancing, with suitable tariffs to meet the customer
software-defined WAN, big data analytics needs.
etc. to customers. ‘Network-as-a-service’
offered by these set of intermediaries
is finding takers in small and medium
scale enterprises with no or minimal
investments in their IT network.

41
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Challenges in
Implementation
India is no longer seen to be adopting across states, non-uniformity of levies
the wait and watch approach and has along with administrative approvals
stepped up its efforts towards 5G have impacted telecom service
commercial deployment in sync with providers in rolling-out Optical Fibre
the global timelines. Through building Cables (OFC) and telecom towers.
partnerships, R&D investments and
network trials, industry specific service Although, new RoW rules and
requirements are being currently standardized processes with applicable
understood while keeping in mind the charges were introduced in the year
considerations required for a viable 2016, however, roadblocks have
business case. There exist inherent hampered implementation.
challenges in the Indian market which
could hamper meeting these timelines. Going ahead, densification of network
as promulgated by 5G use cases, is
•• Right of Way(RoW) and lack of
expected to require deployment of
uniform policy framework
extensive infrastructure; however,
The current regulatory framework
any inconsistencies and delays while
for deploying network infrastructure
securing RoW may further result in
has always been one of the most
complex deployment and longer build
contentious issues in the industry.
time.
Delays due to complex procedures
42
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

•• Limited giga-backhauling to meet •• Industry crippling under margin

future requirements pressure
To meet high throughput and low While the investment for 5G would
latency expectations from 5G grow incrementally as advancements
technology, a strong backhaul network on existing 4G/ LTE technology, with 5G
is a key requirement. India has about spectrum and network densification
1.5 million Kms of fiber deployed with needs, it is anticipated that industry
less than 25% of the telecom sites might require an additional investment
connected through fiber.34 of USD 60 to 70 billion to seamlessly
implement 5G networks.36 In midst
Being listed far below several of such rising debt levels and market
countries in the ICT Development consolidation activity, the telcos are
and Global Connectivity Index, India seen to be constrained on capital
needs to accelerate across digital expenditure.
transformations through technology
•• Network modernisation and
enablers such as broadband networks
densification will be complex
in tandem with data centers, cloud, big
Given the relatively shorter and
data and Internet of Things. However,
fragile nature of the mid frequency
enabling broadband networks through
band (sub 6 GHz band), delivering
fibre implementation could be a long
better throughput and performance
capital intensive project and will require
through 5G networks would require
an estimated investment of USD 8
a closely packed - denser small cell
billion to increase fibre footprint and
network architecture. In this regard,
reach 77-80% of tower assets in key
the small radio cells will need to be
urban areas.35
more scattered and deployed high in
numbers onto the street furniture such
Moreover, while BharatNet had
as bus shelters, lamp-posts, traffic
its own set of challenges during
lights, etc. along with boosting ‘in-
implementation, government is
building’ solutions though fixed wireless
still striving for rural broadband
solutions. Small cell based network
connectivity. It is imperative that
densification is yet to be realized at
these efforts are expedited to build
a significant scale using 4G network
the requisite backhaul infrastructure
backhaul. With current 4G network
required for 5G.
coverage, building commercial 5G use
cases over 4G networks may pose a
Furthermore, cost effective solutions
challenge in the near term.
such as E-band and V-band based
microwave backhauling – permitted •• Strengthening the security apparatus
worldwide for ultra-high capacity with evolving technologies
gigabit backhauling, is yet to be The rise of new business architecture
introduced in India. Being relatively evolving through 5G networks are likely
quicker and economical in terms of to present new challenges to security
deployment, these could enable the and privacy protection. As industries
industry to steer in the right direction are expected to thrive on 5G and cloud
required towards creation of 5G based ecosystem, it is expected to
networks. lead to promoting huge number of
interconnected devices. Building a new

43
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

trust model secured with business Moreover, according to The Global

continuity will be one of the key Cyber Security Index released by
essential drivers for enabling connected the UN telecommunications agency
industries. International Telecommunication Union
(ITU) in the year 2017, only about half
Across the globe, cyber attacks of all the countries had a cybersecurity
are increasing in frequency and strategy or are in the process of
sophistication with rising internet developing one. The index, which was
penetration and digital connectivity. It topped by Singapore at 0.925 saw India
has been estimated that such attacks at 23rd position.
cost the global economy one-per cent
of annual GDP, up to US 575 billion per
year.37

Figure 17: Global Cyber Security Index by International Telecommunication Union

(ITU), 201738

11
#1
#1
0.9
0.9
#7
#7
0.8
0.8 #13
#13
#23
#23
0.7
0.7 #32
#32
#37
#37
0.6
0.6

0.5
0.5

0.4
0.4

0.3
0.3

0.2
0.2

0.1
0.1

00
Singapore
Singapore Australia
Australia Republic
Republicof
ofKorea
Korea India
India China
China Philippines
Philippines

Global
GlobalCybersecurity
CybersecurityIndex
Index #Represents
#RepresentsGlobal
GlobalRank
Rank

National Cyber Security Policy 2013 Presently, as India is at the cusp of digital
was introduced in India to provide an transformation and trying to realise
umbrella framework for defining and commercial viability across 5G based
guiding actions related to cyber security, networks, policy framework need to be
with proposed strategies to include implemented well in advance to secure
developing an assurance framework, the connected ecosystem evolving in lieu
strengthening regulation and promoting of 5G.
research and education. While the
policy was well received, a robust
implementation framework would drive
adoption by the industry.

44
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

45
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Conclusive Remarks
Deloitte believes that there is a sense of Deloitte is of the view that 5G is likely to
eagerness and urgency with respect to pave the way for more wide spread IoT
the arrival of 5G in India. The industry is application by introducing new devices
likely to witness a timely arrival of 5G in and services across industries. As there
line with global launches unlike 2G, 3G is specific direction and focus on IoT both
and 4G technologies. by the Government and industry bodies,
5G is expected to become critical in the
Deloitte believes that in order to expectation of provisioning of billions
understand the economics and of connected devices. 5G is likely to give
performance, operatos are taking rise to innovative business models with
intermediate steps to evolve from LTE to many new intermediaries focused on
LTE-A and LTE-A Pro in preparation for connectivity, service differentiation,
5G. Some of the network suppliers have content and application entering the telco
already commenced 5G trials with Indian value chain. Telecom service provider
operators in the second half of 2017. collaboraton in the industry vertical and
across would be critical to enable digital
5G is expected to extend beyond the transformation across the value chain.
traditional voice and data sevices. 5G
network characteristics of increased Regulatory support from the government
reliability, lower latency, higher providing the right ecosystem for
throughput, increased connection density research and development, regulatory
would enable massive commercial framework for spectrum, data and
deployments of technologies such information security, IoT, digital as well
as IoT, AI, RPA, AR/ VR facilitating use as inclusive business environment to
cases across industries like automotive, encourage domestic and international
media and entertainment, healthcare, players to invest in the technology would
retail, manufacturing and agriculture be key to technology implementation.
amongst others. Further, from a societal
standpoint, 5G use cases for intiatives like
smart cities have the potential to improve
the life of citizens through significant
improvement in services like public
safety, utilities, transport to name a few.

46
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Glossary of Terms
Term Description LPWAN Low Power Wide Area Network
3-D Three-Dimensional LTE-A Long Term Evolution- Advanced
3G Third Generation MANO Master Node
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project MCS Mission Critical Services
4G Fourth Generation MEC Multi-access Edge Computing
4K 4,000 pixels MHz Megahertz
5G Fifth Generation MIMO Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output
5GMF Fifth Generation Mobile communications promotion ML Machine Learning
Forum mm Millimetre
5GPPP Fifth Generation Infrastructure Public Private Partnership mMTC Massive Machine Type Communication
AI Artificial Intelligence ms Millisecond
AR Augmented Reality MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
ARPU Average Revenue per User NB-IoT Narrowband-Internet of Things
ART Augmented Reality Troubleshooting NetCo Network Cooperation
ATM Automated Teller Machine NFV Network Functions Virtualization
BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited NSA Non-Standalone
BTS Base Transceiver Station NW Network
CAT-M1 Category-M1; technology used for LPWAN OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
CII Confederation of Indian Industry OFC Optical Fibre Cables
cm Centimetre OFDM Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
CoE Centre of Excellence OTT Over-the-top
COTS Commercially-Off-The-Shelf POC Point of Care
CPE Customer-Premise-Equipment PPDR Public Protection and Disaster Relief
C-RAN Centralized-Radio Access Network PPP Public Private Partnership
CSTF Cyber Security Task Force QoE Quality of Experience
DL Download Limit QoS Quality of Service
DNDCP Draft National Digital Communication Policy R&D Research & Development
DoT Department of Telecom R14 Release 14
DTH Direct To Home R15 Release 15
eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband R16 Release 16
EMF Electromagnetic Field R17 Release 17
EMR Electronic Medical Record RAN Radio Access Network
F-OFDM Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing RFID Radio Frequency Identification
FTTx Fiber To The x RoW Right of Way
FWA Fixed Wireless Access SCMA Sparse Code Multiple Access
FY Fiscal Year SDN Software-Defined Networking
GDP Gross Domestic Product sq.km Square Kilometre
GHz Gigahertz TRAI Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
GMV Gross Merchandise Value UHD Ultra-High-Definition
GoI Government of India UHF Ultra High Frequency
HD High Definition UI User Interface
IaaS Infrastructure as a Service UK United Kingdom
ICT Information & Communications Technology UL Upload Limit
IIT Indian Institute of Technology UN United Nation
IMT International Mobile Telecommunications uRLLC Ultra-Reliable-Low-Latency Communication
IoMT Internet of Medical Things US United States
IPL Indian Premier League USD United States Dollar
ITU International Telecommunication Union V2X Vehicle to Everything
km/hr Kilometre per Hour VFX Visual Effects
KPI Key Performance Indicator VoLTE Voice over Long Term Evolution
LMLC Low Mobility Large Cell VR Virtual Reality
LTE Long Term Evolution XaaS Everything–as–a–Service

47
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

About Confederation of
Indian Industry
The Confederation of Indian Industry corporate initiatives for integrated and
(CII) works to create and sustain inclusive development across diverse
an environment conducive to the domains including affirmative action,
development of India, partnering healthcare, education, livelihood,
industry, Government, and civil society, diversity management, skill development,
through advisory and consultative empowerment of women, and water, to
processes. name a few.

CII is a non-government, not-for-profit, As a developmental institution working

industry-led and industry-managed towards India's overall growth with
organisation, playing a proactive role in a special focus on India@75 in 2022,
India's development process. Founded the CII theme for 2018-19, India RISE
in 1895, India's premier business : Responsible. Inclusive. Sustainable.
association has around 9000 members, Entrepreneurial emphasizes Industry's
from the private as well as public sectors, role in partnering Government
including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect to accelerate India's growth and
membership of over 300,000 enterprises development. The focus will be on
from around 265 national and regional key enablers such as job creation;
sectoral industry bodies. skill development; financing growth;
promoting next gen manufacturing;
CII charts change by working closely with sustainability; corporate social
Government on policy issues, interfacing responsibility and governance and
with thought leaders, and enhancing transparency.
efficiency, competitiveness and business
opportunities for industry through With 65 offices, including 9 Centres of
a range of specialized services and Excellence, in India, and 10 overseas
strategic global linkages. It also provides offices in Australia, China, Egypt, France,
a platform for consensus-building and Germany, Singapore, South Africa, UAE,
networking on key issues. UK, and USA, as well as institutional
partnerships with 355 counterpart
Extending its agenda beyond business, organisations in 126 countries, CII
CII assists industry to identify serves as a reference point for Indian
and execute corporate citizenship industry and the international business
programmes. Partnerships with civil community.
society organisations carry forward

48
 5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

Acknowledgements
Deloitte
Sathish Gopalaiah, Partner

Aditya Khaitan, Partner

Sagar Darbari, Partner

Abhishek V, Partner

Vitesh Kachru, Senior Manager

Nikhil Srivastava, Manager

Confederation of Indian Industry

Deepak Sidha, Deputy Director

Contacts
Deloitte
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DLF Cyber City Complex,
DLF City Phase - II
Gurgaon - 122 002, India
Tel: +91-0-124 679 2396
e-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.deloitte.com/in

Confederation of Indian Industry

(Northern Region) - Sub - Regional Office
Plot No. 249-F, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar, Phase IV, Gurugram - 122 015
Tel: +91-0124-4014073
Fax: +91-0124-4014070
email: [email protected]
Website: www.cii.in

49
5G: The Catalyst to Digital Revolution in India

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50
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