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Aileron Flight Planning Formulas 2019

This document provides an introduction and overview of flight planning formulas and terms for ATPL students. It includes sections on useful information such as airspace types, fuel requirements, and efficiency factors. Formulas covered calculate best range speed, specific air range, time to point of no return, distance to critical point, and the relationship between true air speed and ground speed. The full document serves as a quick reference guide for students studying flight planning.

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gonzalo gorosito
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305 views8 pages

Aileron Flight Planning Formulas 2019

This document provides an introduction and overview of flight planning formulas and terms for ATPL students. It includes sections on useful information such as airspace types, fuel requirements, and efficiency factors. Formulas covered calculate best range speed, specific air range, time to point of no return, distance to critical point, and the relationship between true air speed and ground speed. The full document serves as a quick reference guide for students studying flight planning.

Uploaded by

gonzalo gorosito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Published by Aileron | 2019

FLIGHT PLANNING
FORMULAS
ATPL MATERIALS

ATPL
MATERIALS
AILERON
FLIGHT PLANNING FORMULAS
INDEX

INTRO...............................................................1

USEFUL INFORMATION........................2

FORMULAS...................................................5

WWW.AILERONGROUP.CO.UK
FLIGHT PLANNING FORMULAS
INTRO

This flight planning guide will help you get


started with your ATPL Flight Planning course.

Here you will find a quick reference to some


flight planning terms and an overview of some
formulas.

WWW.AILERONGROUP.CO.UK
FLIGHT PLANNING FORMULAS
USEFUL INFORMATION

AIRSPACE

MNPS = Minimum Navigation Performance Specification

MNPS separation = Vertical 4000 ft for same direction traffic.


Vertical 2000 ft for opposite direction traffic

NAT OTS = North Atlantic Organised Track System

Operates twice during 24 hour period:


West Bound = 11:30 to 18:00 UTC. Most northern track is
designated ‘A’, move down alphabetically on southern tracks
 Eastbound = 01:00 to 08:00 UTC. Eastbound tracks begin with
Z as most southerly and as you move north they become Y,X
etc.

RVSM = Reduced Vertical Separation Minima

Separation can be reduced to 1000ft for opposite direction


aircraft and 2000ft for same direction aircraft, should they be
appropriately equipped.
Operates between FL 290 and FL 410

WWW.AILERONGROUP.CO.UK
FLIGHT PLANNING FORMULAS
USEFUL INFORMATION

FUEL

Flight plan includes the following; Taxi, Trip,


Contingency, Alternate, Additional, Final Reserve, Extra.

Taxi = Fuel from start up to Take Off.

Trip = Fuel for Take Off until Landing.

Contingency = Generally 5% of trip fuel, can be reduced


with certain procedures.
Alternate = Fuel for a missed approach at the
destination and then climb to landing at the alternate.
Additional = When the flight has no destination
alternate, at least 15 minutes holding. 

Extra = Loaded at the discretion of commander.

WWW.AILERONGROUP.CO.UK
FLIGHT PLANNING FORMULAS
USEFUL INFORMATION

EFFICIENCY

Jet engines are most efficient around 90% thrust.


You should aim to cruise within 2000ft of Optimum
Altitude.
Cost Index 0 is most range, cost index 200 is minimum
time.
Long Range Cruise (LRC) is 4% faster than max range
speed and gives 99% of the max range.
Optimum altitude increases as weight decreases (fuel
burns).
Best endurance altitude is higher than the best range
altitude.

WWW.AILERONGROUP.CO.UK
FLIGHT PLANNING FORMULAS
FORMULAS

Best Range (Jet) = 1,32 x Vimd (indicated


minimum drag speed)

Specific Air Range (Jet) = TAS : (Specific Fuel


Consumption x drag)
MNPS separation = Vertical 4000 ft for same direction traffic.
Vertical 2000 ft for opposite direction traffic
Time to point of no return (PNR) = ExH➗(O+H)

E = Safe Endurance, H = Groundspeed Home,


O = GS Out

Distance to Critical Point (CP) = D x H➗(O + H)

TAS ➗ GS = NAM➗ NGM

TAS = True Air Speed, GS = Groundspeed, NAM =


Nautical Air Miles, NGM = Nautical Ground Miles

WWW.AILERONGROUP.CO.UK
WWW.AILERONGROUP.CO.UK

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