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Empirical and Molecular Formulas Analysis

The document contains 10 examples of determining empirical and molecular formulas from percentage composition data. Each example shows the calculation of the empirical formula ratios from the percentage masses and the determination of the molecular formula and molar mass.

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Christian Geordel de Guzman
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1K views5 pages

Empirical and Molecular Formulas Analysis

The document contains 10 examples of determining empirical and molecular formulas from percentage composition data. Each example shows the calculation of the empirical formula ratios from the percentage masses and the determination of the molecular formula and molar mass.

Uploaded by

Christian Geordel de Guzman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Empirical Formula 1: This section covers the empirical formula calculation for various substances, detailing the step-by-step mathematical process for determining molecular compositions.
  • Lucite (Plexiglas): Explains the empirical and molecular formula calculations for Lucite, including each elemental breakdown and computation.
  • J. Solution: Details the calculation of the empirical and molecular formulas for solution J, providing comprehensive steps of analysis.
  • Orlon Calculation: This section covers the formula for Orlon, discussing empirical and molecular derivations and outcomes.
  • Empirical Formula 8: Exploration of another empirical formula with insights into mole percent composition for a diverse set of elements.
  • Empirical Formula 6: Covers the empirical formula computations involving sodium with detailed step-by-step percentage breakdowns.
  • Formula 5: Describes the molecular and empirical formula calculation for a sample material involving stepwise calculations and element percentage compositions.
  • Empirical Formula 4: Account of the empirical formula for another chemical sample with a focus on detailed breakdown measurements.
  • Formula 7: This section illustrates the empirical calculation for the specified compound emphasizing molar mass and compositional breakdown.
  • Empirical Formula 10: Comprehensive breakdown of the empirical and molecular formula for the final compound, providing in-depth computational processes.

Christian Geordel A.

de Guzman
BSCpE 1A

1.) Empirical Formula:


28.03% Mg = 28.03g = 28.03/24.31 = 1.153 Mg = 1.153/0.769 = 1.499 ≈ 1.5
21.60% Si = 21.60g = 21.60/28.086 = 0.769 Si = 0.769/0.769 = 1
1.16% H = 1.16g = 1.16/1.008 = 1.151 H = 1.151/0.769 = 1.497 ≈ 1.5
49.21% O = 49.21g = 49.21/15.999 = 3.076 O = 3.076/0.769 = 4
= 2(Mg1.5SiH1.5O4) = Mg3Si2H3O8
Molecular Formula:
Molar Mass: 520.8g/mol
Mg = 24.31 x 3 72.93 + 56.172 + 3.024 + 127.992 = 260.118
= 72.93 520.8/260.118 = 2.002 ≈ 2
Si = 28.086 x 2 Mg3Si2H3O8 x 2 = Mg6Si4H6O16
= 56.172
H = 1.008 x 3
= 3.024
O = 15.999 x 8
= 127.992

2.) a. Lucite (Plexiglas);


59.9% C = 59.9g = 59.9/12.011 = 4.987 C = 4.987/2.0001 = 2.489 or 2.5
8.06% H = 8.06g = 8.06/1.008 = 7.996 H = 7.996/2.0001 = 3.998 ≈ 4
32.0% O = 32.0g = 32.0/15.999 = 2.0001 O = 2.0001/2.0001 = 1
= 2(C2.5H4O) = C5H8O2
b. Saran;
24.8% C = 24.8g = 24.8/12.011 = 2.065 C = 2.065/1.984 = 1.041 ≈ 1
2.0% H = 2.0g = 2.0/1.008 = 1.984 H = 1.984/1.984 = 1
73.1% Cl = 73.1g = 73.1/35.453 = 2.062 Cl = 2.062/1.984 = 1.039 ≈ 1
= CHCL
c. Polyethylene;
86% C = 86g = 86/12.011 = 7.160 C = 7.160/7.160 = 1
14% H = 14g = 14/1.008 = 13.889 H = 13.889/7.160 = 1.940 ≈ 2
= CH2
d. Polystyrene;
92.3% C = 92.3g = 92.3/12.011 = 7.685 C = 7.685/7.639 = 1.006 ≈ 1
7.7% H = 7.7g = 7.7/1.008 = 7.639 H = 7.639/7.639 = 1
= CH
e. Orlon;
67.9% C = 67.9g = 67.9/12.011 = 5.653 C = 5.653/1.885 = 2.999 ≈ 3
5.70% H = 5.70g = 5.70/1.008 = 5.655 H = 5.655/1.885 = 3
26.4% N = 26.4g = 26.4/14.007 = 1.885 N = 1.885/1.885 = 1
= C3H3N

3.) Solution:
75.9% C = 75.9g = 75.9/12.011 = 6.319 C = 6.319/1.265 = 4.995 ≈ 5
17.72% N = 17.72g = 17.72/14.007 = 1.265 N = 1.265/1.265 = 1
6.33% H = 6.33g = 6.33/1.008 = 6.280 H = 6.280/1.265 = 4.964 ≈ 5
= C5H5N
Molecular Formula:
Molar Mass: 240 g/mol
C = 12.011 x 5 60.055 + 5.04 + 14.007 = 79.097
= 60.055 240/79.097 = 3.034 ≈ 3
H = 1.008 x 5 C5H5N x 3 = C15H15N3
= 5.04
N = 14.007

4.) Empirical Formula:


26.4% Carbon = 26.4g = 26.4/12.011 = 2.198 C = 2.198/2.198 = 1
3.3% Hydrogen = 3.3g = 3.3/1.008 = 3.274 H = 3.274/2.198 = 1.490
70.3% Oxygen = 70.3g = 70.3/15.999 = 4.394 O = 4.394/2.198 = 1.999 ≈ 2
= 2(CH1.490O2)
C=2
H = 2.98 ≈ 3
O=4
= C2H3O4
Molecular Formula:
Molar Mass: 91.0g/mol
C = 12.011 x 2 24.022 + 3.024 + 63.996 = 91.042
= 24.022
H = 1.008 x 3 91.0/91.042 = 0.99954 ≈ 1
= 3.024
O = 15.999 x 4 C2H3O4 x 1 = C2H3O4

5.) Empirical Formula:


81.8g C = 81.8/12.011 = 6.810 C = 6.810/6.810 = 1
18.2g H = 18.2/1.008 = 18.056 H = 18.056/6.810 = 2.65
= 3(CH2.65)
C=3
H = 7.95 ≈ 8
= C3H8

Molecular Formula:
Molar Mass: 132.0g/mol
C = 12.011 x 3 36.033 + 8.064 = 44.097
= 36.033 132.0/44.097 = 2.993 ≈ 3
H = 1.008 x 8 C3H8 x 3 = C9H24
= 8.064

6.) Empirical Formula:


20.2% Na = 20.2g = 20.2/22.990 = 0.879 Na = 0.879/0.879 = 1
37.6% S = 37.6g = 37.6/32.066 = 1.173 S = 1.173/0.879 = 1.334
42.2% O = 42.2g = 42.2/15.999 = 2.638 O = 2.638/0.879 = 3.001 ≈ 3
= 3(NaS1.334O3)
Na = 3
S = 4.002 ≈ 4
O=9
= Na3S4O9
Molecular Formula:
Molar Mass: 682.8g/mol
Na = 22.990 x 3 68.97 + 128.264 + 143.991 = 341.225
= 68.97 682.8/341.225 = 2.001 ≈ 2
S = 32.066 x 4 Na3S4O9 x 2 = Na6S8O18
= 128.264
O = 15.999 x 9
= 143.991

7.) Empirical Formula:


8.81g Carbon = 8.81/12.011 = 0.733 C = 0.733/0.733 = 1
91.2g Chlorine = 91.2/35.453 = 2.572 Cl = 2.572/0.733 = 3.508
= 2(CCl3.508)
C=2
Cl = 7.016 ≈ 7
= C2Cl7

Molecular Formula:
Molar Mass: 1362.5g/mol
C = 12.011 x 2 24.022 + 248.171 = 272.193
= 24.022 1362.5/272.193 = 5.006 ≈ 5
Cl = 35.453 x 7 C2Cl7 x 5 = C10Cl35
= 248.171

8.) Empirical Formula:


18.24g Carbon = 18.24/12.011 = 1.519 C = 1.519/0.506 = 3.002 ≈ 3
0.51g Hydrogen = 0.51/1.008 = 0.506 H = 0.506/0.506 = 1
16.91g Fluorine = 16.91/18.998 = 0.890 F = 0.890/0.506 = 1.759
= 4(C3HF1.759)
C = 12
H=4
F = 7.036 ≈ 7
= C12H4F7

Molecular Formula:
Molar Mass: 562.0 g/mol
C = 12.011 x 12 144.132 + 4.032 + 132.986 = 281.15
= 144.132 562.0/281.15 = 1.999 ≈ 2
H = 1.008 x 4 C12H4F7 x 2 = C24H8F14
= 4.032
F = 18.998 x 7
= 132.986

9.) Empirical Formula:


26.5g Carbon = 26.5/12.011 = 2.206 C = 2.206/2.206 = 1
2.94g Hydrogen = 2.94/1.008 = 2.917 H = 2.917/2.206 = 1.322
70.6 Oxygen = 70.6/15.999 = 4.413 F = 4.413/2.206 = 2.0005 ≈ 2
= 3(CH1.322O2)
C=3
H = 3.966 ≈ 4
F=6
= C3H4O6
Molecular Formula:
Molar Mass: 544g/mol
C = 12.011 x 3 = 36.033 36.033 + 4.032 + 95.994 = 136.059
H = 1.008 x 4 = 4.032 544/136.059 = 3.998 ≈ 4
O = 15.999 x 6 = 95.994 C3H4O6 x 4 = C12H16O24

10.) Empirical Formula:


75.42 % Carbon = 75.42g = 75.42/12.011 = 6.279 C = 6.279/0.598 = 10.5
6.63 % Hydrogen = 6.63g = 6.63/1.008 = 6.577 H=6.577/0.598 = 10.998 ≈ 11
8.38 % Nitrogen = 8.38g = 8.38/14.007 = 0.598 N = 0.598/0.598 = 1
9.57 % Oxygen = 9.57g = 9.57/15.999 = 0.598 O = 0.598/0.598 = 1
= 2(C10.5H11NO)
C = 21
H = 22
N=2
O=2
= C21H22N2O2
Molecular Formula:
Molar Mass: 334.0g/mol
C = 12.011 x21 = 252.231 252.231 + 22.176 + 28.014 + 31.998 = 334.419
H = 1.008 x 22 = 22.176 334.0/334.419 = 0.999 ≈ 1
N = 14.007 x 2 = 28.014 C21H22N2O2 x 1 = C21H22N2O2
O = 15.999 x 2 = 31.998

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