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Philosophical Views on Human Nature

The document outlines different philosophical views of the human person: 1. Conservatism views some humans as inherently superior and meant to rule over others. 2. Liberalism believes all humans have equal capacity for reason and can live satisfactory lives given opportunity. 3. Socialism sees humans as naturally cooperative but this is hindered by exploitation. Marx viewed humans as primarily driven by economic gains. 4. Fascism holds that the nation is most important and some humans are naturally better than others. The classical Greeks defined humans as "rational animals" that are both material beings with physical needs and spiritual beings with rational thought. Humans are responsible for using reason to enter into dialogue with the supreme

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STEM-G.04 Kiarrah Katrina Botin
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110 views2 pages

Philosophical Views on Human Nature

The document outlines different philosophical views of the human person: 1. Conservatism views some humans as inherently superior and meant to rule over others. 2. Liberalism believes all humans have equal capacity for reason and can live satisfactory lives given opportunity. 3. Socialism sees humans as naturally cooperative but this is hindered by exploitation. Marx viewed humans as primarily driven by economic gains. 4. Fascism holds that the nation is most important and some humans are naturally better than others. The classical Greeks defined humans as "rational animals" that are both material beings with physical needs and spiritual beings with rational thought. Humans are responsible for using reason to enter into dialogue with the supreme

Uploaded by

STEM-G.04 Kiarrah Katrina Botin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Philosophical views

According to Protagaras, ahuman person is the measure of all things that exist and of
all things that do not exist. Furthermore, plato claimed that the perfect humanbeing does
not exist in this world because what is in this world is just an imperfect copy of
humanity’s original self in thea realm of ideas. Parnebudes posited that a person has
knowledge of something that exists, for a person who does not exist is nothing.

A human person like a other animals has external and internal organs. Ahuman
being becomes evident when he/she starts to share hi/her thoughts and ideas with
others.

Maguigad (2006) in his book, Philosophy of the Human Being, explains the
different philosophical views of the human person, These are the following:

1. Conservatism

The conservative view is not entirely positive and definitely non-


egalitarian. Some of men contribute morethanothers to society, and therefore,
must be rewarded and honored by society. All human persons may not be of
equal value to society: some men are intended to rule, the rest to obey. This is in
line with one of the Confucian ethical ideas which states that the superior man
must rule and the commoner must how before his authority.

2. Liberalism

Liberalism has amore egalitarian view of human nature. It believes


that all men a re capable of reason and rational action and have capacity
to live satisfactory and productive lives if given the opportunity. Reason is
common to all human beings and this fact raises them above the level of
beasts and enables them to know the principles of suitable living.
According to menclus, “Every human being can become a sage king, That
is, anyone can gain the wisdom to rule.”

3. Socialism
In socialism, the human being readily engages in cooperative social
activities when given the opportunity. Unfortunately, this natural
cooperative instict is not fostered when som people selfishly exploit other
peaople.
Marx belives that man is driven primarily by desire for economic
gains in his Das Kapital, he considers the human person as a social
animal; if he\she fails to relate actively with others and with nature, he\she
loses himself/herself and beomes alienated. His\Her drives lose human
qualities and assume animal qualities.
4. Fascism
Fascism holds that what matters most is the country itself. The humans
being can prosper only when the nation prospers; his/her fate is merely
secondary when it comes to the country. Like the conservativesm the
scists contend that some human beings are naturally and racially better
than others.

Classical Greek Views

The early classical Greeks define the human person as “a rational animal” An
animal’s vegetative sensory and rational element is integrated within his/her b eing; thus
he/she is a material (body) and spiritual (soul) being. As a vegetative creature, the
human person needs to have food to grow, develop, and reproduce, As a sentient
being, he/she needs sensory perceptions to gain knowledge. As a rational animal,
He/She needs the power of thought, reason, and cognition.

Dure to a person’s nobility and his/her special place in god’s kingdom, it is


through him/her that the rest of creation enter into a dialogue and relationship with the
Supreme life, he/she is always responsible for his/her action.

A human person is capable of knowing, loving, abd believing, which leads


him/her to be fully aware of his/her humanity.

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