Slide 1

Good Day Science enthusiast.!

I am Teacher Franklin alibin// your teacher for today’s session.

Slide 2
Our topic for today //is all about electrical energy.

Slide 3
For today’s lesson, our objectives are the following.

 Analyze //how power plants //generate and transmit // electrical energy.

 Describe the transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy and the
transmission of electrical energy.

 Explain how electric power is generated and transported over the transmission lines
from the power generation facility to homes.

 Provide a solid understanding of the operation and design of electrical

power equipment.

Slide 5
Let’s have some pre-assessment about electrical energy. Priming activities = Video
1. Where is energy created?. Voice over
A. Generation
B. Transmission
C. Distribution
D. Load
The correct answer is Letter A
2. Which of the following is the best way of reducing your electric bill? = Voice over
A. Make use of limited appliances.
B. Put off appliances when not in use.
C. Out of the main switch during the day
D. Connect appliances in series.
The correct answer is Letter B

3. Energy is transported across high voltage transmission to lower-voltage distribution lines.

= Voice over
A. Transmission and distribution
B. Generation and transmission
C. Distribution and Generation
D. Transmission to Load
The correct answer is Letter A

4. Shayne turned on a lamp switch in her room. Which of the following is the correct path of
electrical power that can be traced back to the source? = Voice over
A. Power plant  transmission substations  distribution substations  residences
B. Transmission substations  power plants  residences  distribution substations
C. Residences  distribution substations  power plants  transmission substations
D. Distribution substations  transmission substations  power plants residences
The correct answer is Letter A

5. The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as water flows downhill. The water
can be used to turn the blades of a turbine to generate electricity. = Voice over
A. Wind energy
B. Nuclear power plant
C. Geothermal power plant
D. Hydroelectric energy
The correct answer is Letter D

Slide 5
1. Have you ever wondered// how electricity reaches us// from the electric power
plant?
2. What processes does electricity have to go through to reach us at home?
Come on folk!// let’s have some journey// on how electrical energy is made. = video

Slide 6
Generation of Electrical energy
the process //of generating electric power// from sources of primary energy.// For utilities
in the electric power industry,// it is the stage// prior to its delivery// to end users
(transmission, distribution, etc.).
A characteristic //of electricity// is that// it is not freely available// in nature// in large
amounts,// so, it must be "produced" = video

Production is carried out// in power stations (also called "power plants"). Electricity is most
often// generated at a power plant// by electromechanical generators,// primarily
driven //by heat engines/ fueled by //combustion or nuclear fission// but also// by other
means// such as the kinetic energy// of flowing water// and wind. =voice over
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENERGY SOURCE

How does the different types of energy source works? Voice over
Video on Hydroelectric power
Most hydroelectric power plants have a reservoir of water, a gate or valve to control how
much water flows out of the reservoir, and an outlet or place where the water ends up after
flowing downward. Water gains potential energy just before it spills over the top of a dam
or flows down a hill. The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as water flows
downhill. The water can be used to turn the blades of a turbine to generate electricity,
which is distributed to the power plant’s customers.

How does geothermal power plant works? Voice over

Video and illustration in Geothermal power

1. Hot water is pumped from deep underground through a well under high pressure.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the pressure is dropped, which causes the water to
turn into steam.
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity.
4. The steam cools off in a cooling tower and condenses back to water.
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the process again.

How does wind power plant works? Voice over

Video and illustration in wind power

1. As the wind blows //over the blades of a wind turbine, it causes the blades // to lift and
rotate.
2. The rotating blades //turn a shaft // that is connected to a generator.
3. The generator creates electricity// as it turns.

How does nuclear power plant works? Voice over

Video and illustration in nuclear power

1. In a nuclear reactor, fuel rods full of uranium pellets are placed in water.
2. Inside the fuel rods, uranium atoms split, releasing energy.
3. This energy heats water, creating steam.
4. The steam moves through a turbine, which turns a generator to create electricity.
5. The steam cools back into water, which can then be used over again. At some nuclear
power plants, extra heat is released from a cooling tower.

Where do you think this energy end up to? Can this energy //be harnessed back to do a
useful process?
Answer: It can harness //to improve the flexibility// and fuel efficiency// of the power
plants// paving the way// to renewable power plants// and helping to reduce
environmental impacts, e.g., Decarbonizing grids, leverage of natural resources, and zero-
carbon fuels.

What is your idea about the word transmission?

Slide 7
Transmission of Electrical energy 
the process of delivering generated electricity //usually over long distances //to the
distribution grid// located in populated areas. The electrical transmission system
//combined with power plants, distribution systems, and sub-stations to form what is
known as the electrical grid. = video
  
The reason why electrical power is stepped up// to these voltage levels// is to make it more
efficient //by reducing the I2R losses// that take place //when power is transmitted. When
voltage is stepped up, the current reduces// relative to the voltage// so that power remains
constant, thus reducing these I2R losses.
I2R Loss is I-Squared-R losses, or current [squared] x resistance, may also called Copper
Losses, the power lost because of the current through a resistance. =voice over

There are two types of transmission.

The primary transmission
the transfer of a large quantity// of electrical power// from the initial generating station/ to
the substation// via overhead electrical lines. In some countries, underground cables are
also used in cases where transmission takes place over a shorter distance. = illustration with
video
the secondary transmission
Reaching from the receiving station// that the voltage is stepped back down// to a voltage
typically between// 33kV and 66kV, so// It is then sent// to transmission lines// emerging
from this receiving station// to electrical substations// closer to “load centers” such as
cities, villages, and urban areas. This process is known as secondary transmission.
=illustration with video

When electrical power// reaches a substation, it is stepped down once more// by a step-
down transformer// to voltages closer to what// it was generated at usually around 11kV.
From here, the transmission phase// graduates to the distribution phase, and electrical
power is used// to meet demand// from primary and secondary consumers. =video

Q. Are you aware on how electrical energy can be distributed?

Distribution of Electrical Energy
is the final stage //in the delivery of electric power; it carries electricity from the
transmission system to individual consumers.
Distribution substations //connect to the transmission system// and lowering the
transmission voltage// to medium voltage// ranging from between 2 kV and 35 kV with the
use of transformers. =video

Two types of Distribution of Electrical Energy

Primary distribution
a voltage range //from 4 kV to 35 kV phase-to-phase (2.4 kV to 20 kV phase-to-
neutral) Only large consumers// are fed directly// from distribution voltages. And most
utility customers// are connected to a transformer, which reduces the distribution voltage//
to the low voltage "utilization voltage", "supply voltage" or "mains voltage" used by lighting
and interior wiring systems. = video
Secondary distribution
A low-voltage network// or secondary network// is a part of electric power
distribution// which carries electric energy// from distribution transformers //to electricity
meters of end customers.
Distribution transformers or secondary transformers, placed along feeders, convert the
voltage from the medium// to a low voltage level, suitable for direct consumption //by end
customers (mains voltage) = video

For further emphasis of the lesson, I will let you Classify the following statements as to
Advantages (A) or Disadvantages (D)
 QUESTIONS: ADVANTAGE (A)
OR
DISADVANTAGE
(D)
1. HYDROPOWER PLANTS CAN GENERATE POWER TO THE GRID  
IMMEDIATELY, THEY PROVIDE ESSENTIAL BACK-UP POWER DURING
MAJOR ELECTRICITY OUTAGES OR DISRUPTIONS.

2. ENERGY FLUID NEEDS TO BE PUMPED BACK INTO THE  

UNDERGROUND RESERVOIRS FASTER THAN IT IS DEPLETED.
MANAGEMENT IS REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN SUSTAINABILITY.
3. NUCLEAR POWER IS A PROMISING ENERGY FUTURE  

4. IMPOUNDMENT HYDROPOWER CREATES RESERVOIRS THAT OFFER  

A VARIETY OF RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, NOTABLY FISHING,
SWIMMING, AND BOATING. MOST WATERPOWER INSTALLATIONS
ARE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE SOME PUBLIC ACCESS TO THE RESERVOIR
TO ALLOW THE PUBLIC TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THESE
OPPORTUNITIES.
5. WIND ENERGY QUALIFIES AS A RENEWABLE RESOURCE; WIND  
SPEEDS FLUCTUATE EACH DAY

For the generalization of our lesson Identify what each of the components numbered below
does to get electricity from the generator to consumer.

1. It Generates electricity? _____________

2. Increase voltage to reduc

e transmission loss? _____________

 3. Transport high voltage electricity over long distances? ________________
4. Carries or holds transmission lines? ________________
5. Lower voltage for smaller distribution lines? __________________
6. Carries lower voltage electricity to homes and business? _____________
7. Lower voltage to an amount that can be safely used by the appliances in homes and
business. ________________

To apply what you have learned, recall the uses of energy mentioned in the discussion part
and write a short essay of what life is like without Electrical energy.
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Hello Science enthusiast! I hope you have learned something today.

I am your teacher franklin alibin, signing off.