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Overview of Science Branches

This document provides examples and definitions of different branches of science, including: 1. Five social sciences are discussed - anthropology, economics, psychology, political science, and sociology. Each is defined as studying various aspects of human behavior and societies. 2. Five abstract sciences are listed - computer science, mathematics, logic, and logistics. Definitions are provided for each. 3. Five physical sciences are outlined - astronomy, geography, chemistry, volcanology, and meteorology. The field of study for each is described. 4. Five biological sciences are supplemented - biology, botany, zoology, microbiology, and genetics. Each is defined in terms of its focus on living

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Jorenal Benzon
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718 views2 pages

Overview of Science Branches

This document provides examples and definitions of different branches of science, including: 1. Five social sciences are discussed - anthropology, economics, psychology, political science, and sociology. Each is defined as studying various aspects of human behavior and societies. 2. Five abstract sciences are listed - computer science, mathematics, logic, and logistics. Definitions are provided for each. 3. Five physical sciences are outlined - astronomy, geography, chemistry, volcanology, and meteorology. The field of study for each is described. 4. Five biological sciences are supplemented - biology, botany, zoology, microbiology, and genetics. Each is defined in terms of its focus on living

Uploaded by

Jorenal Benzon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Lesson 2.2
BRANCHES OF SCIENCE

Activity # 2-D. Can you cite at least five (5) examples of Social Sciences? Define each. Send
your answer on my Messenger (FB) @ Gerry Ac.

1. Anthropology is the study of humans in all ways, from their genetics and developmental
background to the characteristics of nature and culture that differentiate humans from other
animal groups. For example, everyone requires food, but everyone consumes different foods and
obtains food in various ways. Anthropologists study how different groups of people obtain,
prepare, and share food.
2. Economics is a social science concerned with the production, distribution, and consumption of
goods and services. It studies how individuals, businesses, governments, and nations make
choices about how to allocate resources. Economics focuses on the actions of human beings,
based on assumptions that humans act with rational behavior, seeking the most optimal level of
benefit or utility. The building blocks of economics are the studies of labor and trade.
3. Psychology is the study of the mind and behaviors. The study of conscious and unconscious
phenomena, as well as feelings and thoughts, is used in psychology. It is a very broad academic
discipline. Psychologists aim to understand the emergent properties of brains and the wide range
of phenomena associated with such emergent properties, thereby entering the larger neuro-
scientific community of scholars.
4. Political science is concerned with the philosophy and application of local, state, national, and
foreign governance and politics. We are committed to advancing understandings of the systems,
practices, and relationships that comprise public life, as well as forms of inquiry that foster
citizenship.
5. Sociology is the study of human social interactions and organizations. Sociology's subject matter
is complex, ranging from violence to religion, from the home to the state, from racial and social
class distinctions to similar cultural values, and from social harmony to fundamental
transformation in whole cultures. The aim of sociology is to explain how human behavior and
consciousness form and are formed by surrounding cultural and social systems.

Activity # 2-E. Add five Abstract Sciences with definitions on my Messenger @ Gerry Ac.

1. Computer science – study of technology of computers and their applications.


2. Mathematics – study of numbers and measurements.
3. Logic – the science of correct reasoning.
4. Logistics –military science dealing with the procurement, maintenance, and transport of
facilities.
Activity # 2-F. Research five (5) Physical Sciences and its field of study. Send your answer on
the link provided @ Gerry Ac.

1. Astronomy is the analysis of anything outside of Earth's atmosphere. This encompasses things
we can see with our own eyes, such as the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars. It also contains objects
that can only be seen by telescopes or other devices, such as distant galaxies and small particles.
It also involves inquiries into things we can't see, such as dark matter and dark energy.
2. Geography is the study of locations as well as the interactions between people and their
surroundings. Geographers study both the physical features of the Earth's surface and the
human societies that live on it. They also investigate how human society communicates with the
natural world, as well as how locations and sites can influence people. Geography studies where
objects are located, why they are there, and how they evolve and alter over time.
3. Chemistry is a field of science concerned with the composition, arrangement, and properties of
matter. It is an innovative field that is primarily concerned with atomic and molecular structure
and its transition, for example, by chemical reactions. It is also referred to as the fundamental
science.
4. Volcanology is the study of the formation and movement of molten rock on Earth and other
planets, mainly through volcanoes and volcanic eruptions. This includes magma formation,
geochemistry, and passage across the Earth's crust, as well as the mechanics of volcanic
eruptions and threats such as ash clouds and pyroclastic flows.
5. Meteorology is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and the changes in temperature and
moisture patterns that cause various weather conditions. Precipitation (rain and snow),
thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, and typhoons are also significant objects of research.

Activity # 2-G. Supplement five (5) examples of Biological Sciences and their field of study.
Send your answer on the link provided @ Gerry Ac.

1. Biology is the study of life and living organisms, including their physical form, chemical processes,
molecular interactions, physiological pathways, growth, and evolution. Despite the science's
complexities, many unifying ideas unite it into a single, cohesive field. Biology accepts the cell as the
fundamental unit of life, chromosomes as the fundamental unit of heredity, and nature as the driving
force behind the development and extinction of animals.
2. Botany is the science of species in the Plantae kingdom, also known as plants. Botany is derived from
the verb botanic, which is derived from the Ancient Greek word butane, which refers to trees,
grasses, and pastures. Botany may also refer to the biology of a particular species of plant (for
example, the botany of flowering plants) or the plant life of a specific region (e.g., the botany of the
rainforest). A botanist is anyone who studies botany.
3. Zoology is the field of biology that studies animal life. It encompasses topics ranging from organism
composition to the subcellular unit of life. Any zoologists are involved in the genetics of specific
species types. Others are interested in animal body structure and function. Others investigate how

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Both astronomy and geography examine spatial phenomena and their changes over time. Astronomy studies celestial bodies and their dynamics within the universe, while geography investigates terrestrial locations and human-environment interactions. They may share methodologies involving spatial analysis, observational techniques, and modeling to understand complex systems, albeit at different scales and scopes .

Anthropology focuses on the study of humans from a broad perspective, including genetics, cultural characteristics, and nature, while sociology centers specifically on human social interactions, organizations, and the complexities of social behavior and consciousness. Anthropology may study a wide range of human traits including food practices and genetic backgrounds, whereas sociology is more concerned with the explanation of social behavior and consciousness as shaped by cultural and social systems .

Volcanology focuses on the study of molten rock formation, movement, and volcanic eruptions, including magma formation and the dynamics of volcanic events like ash clouds. In contrast, meteorology is concerned with the Earth's atmosphere, focusing on weather conditions, temperature, and moisture patterns that lead to rain, storms, and related phenomena .

Biology's defining elements, like the cell as the fundamental unit of life, chromosomes as the fundamental unit of heredity, and the acknowledgment of natural selection driving evolution and extinction, unify the field. These core concepts provide a cohesive framework that binds the diverse topics within biology, ranging from molecular interactions to organismal structures .

Sociology complements political science by providing insights into the social underpinnings and interactions that form the basis of governance and public life. While sociology focuses on social behaviors and structures, political science examines systems, practices, and relationships in governance, leading to a deeper understanding of citizenship and policy impacts on societies .

Geographers study both the physical features of the Earth's surface and the human societies residing on it. They investigate how human society communicates with the natural world and how geographical locations and sites influence human behaviors and societal developments. They explore the changes and interactions over time, examining why certain objects or societies are located where they are and how they evolve .

Psychology integrates into the larger neuroscientific community by aiming to understand the emergent properties of brains and associated phenomena such as conscious and unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It seeks to explore the relationship between mental processes and brain functions, thereby contributing to a comprehensive understanding of neuroscientific questions .

Natural sciences like biology, chemistry, and physics provide fundamental understandings of various phenomena that contribute to interdisciplinary inquiries. Biology examines life processes; chemistry explores matter's composition; and physics investigates energy and forces, all of which intersect in fields like biochemistry or environmental science to address complex questions like climate change or medical discoveries .

Assumptions about rational behavior in economics, which suggest individuals make decisions that maximize benefits, influence policy-making by encouraging policies aimed at optimal resource allocation. Understanding these behaviors can lead to policies promoting efficiency and welfare, although ignoring irrational behaviors or biases could result in ineffective or inequitable policies .

In economics, rational behavior assumes that humans act in a way that seeks the most optimal level of benefit or utility. It is based on decisions made by individuals, businesses, governments, and nations on how to allocate resources effectively, focusing on maximizing outcomes. This principle helps in understanding actions in labor and trade, which are fundamental elements of economics .

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