ADVAN CE NETloRkING elAsSMAte

Date
CONCEPT Poge
S I r NMENT

What isoetdik DisuuK senelit ob

Netnorkmg
A DPute? networkina_
0Y
saxoup
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OnDekHAD
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using
usiog eithey Labe_0 ireleis
nvo lved_ hardwaYe
sobtware that ODDetES
uHputers
tools

YOSE puHPutERY_ntoina as beLoue

suCceKul
be re 8UHPuters shañna-
are AireledIY
ioked E0aetheY b _DuL0O netRoAk.
ADVANTATEA& OE CorgP
UTE2 ETalaRkINT
Change LoWuniLation
O5
inForyaHoN_ avai UbiUH_
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to talk dain,
send Kile tO othe Y
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eed
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ine the technoloay volyes Pte
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we eksot

t is hghy_tleriba b
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th SYstey
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Poge

Cbu4Pare LA WAN

LAN WAN

Trend to uLe SPeuti4c WA ue technalogies t

LOADLCivíy tecdnolo2ies bYaye rela &x.20by
uke th eynet toke bnoettivi the as
ditans

LA iS MPute WlAt nettdo Lovei broqT

net thak_Cove_ dre Ynetdo whs
Salleorapki area [Link]
wetDPoli tan baundiu_OVe-
Lna i t a n

Thee Deed need EO_ InLellN netw osE as

seup 4 Opla o gsea have to bb
etra desiLe_on_ths Doecteshenc the set-p
DetAoL,60iE i not usS_atei q k r
ePenve

9LANha a highs1_dataA ha a lose dati

transer ate ETansse rate o HPa
LAN

DnuisiP LiP ak_LAN s 0 n eYEiP_can bePrras

Iivate A Public

ch an AN
tlea
Te OKTed yre aul _DI aters la aul

Eolaran inAA-N
 lASEMALe
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Page

E P l a i n D c h w o x k

intebaLe
A nehaos Ees5ace Lard is a havdare
LDuPonenE boh withou Which a oPuter can't
be
onected OveY
Detwk TE is
iYIE
hoaYd
haavd 10stalled n LouPute tht
Provides a dedicated _octuo-k Lonnetion to
p u t e . IE IS qsD alled 0etuook
the
LontrolleY etmk_adaPt ey dLAN
a d a p e e Y

PuPose Qunícatíoos
NIC allbos_ both díyed& Yele
betdee pupuke uon0ected
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wel.
LAN
n
q physícal layey& data
Va

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ft_Pr)vides necessavy
th
the
_devíte Le
let S0 chet Pbsial la
iruika
had dae Gnk_(ae
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hteha Detaask_ CArds netwok Lards,

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ehcd
tedrk
k

_b1Y the
ShE inserted 1E

CaD be
to PoVide netusak

bee
Dckeok_cablz

QLLes
 dASSMAte
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Page

Loterna netw01 Lardi tw o

ypes The Uses Petra LDPODe)t
loEedangected P c ) uonect+o0 sbile the
seonad y p uses Indust skandoard
Architecurc 1SA)
Eitenal NetdoTk_Cards
lo_dukLOPs laPLors thatdon'e have
havc
a n nteinal NIC te1nal NICs areused
t A t a l netok_ Cards
U s based Wirele oetwOk
Cads Oceds DSeYtcd t the
athebaard nweNe o etoosk cab
quived to LonnecE to the_Dtosk
 JasSMAe

919
EPlaio ALAN

JliYeless LARstnds t o ieks

LACalATca
LOcal Area eNOT It_i alocalled
Loca
Lacal arca velegS netws)ALAN
00ebich hiCh a_ bile User
0 a Loca TC4 het Dok throuzh a irele
DOLL0O

The 1EEE R02.11roup Astndards dehines

the technology lirelessLANS. F Pech
3haing 1 202.11 Standards uscche etbmet
CSMA/CA uls
Qrhtnr0n encpi0n wethod ie aive4
equrleE_PNgyalgomthu

Wiveles LANs P0Nides high speed

Suh
data Co ynica lipo 6uall ATeas
aD 65ie LANS allas
Abuildioa 0Y
H HOVR 4YAUnd a Lonined area
ConneCted to the netdayk.
bile theyqre
the sH

S0ye nstance LAiTeled LAN tehnalaay

Ued toSgave Loss&avOidnglaing

Casesit isthe
Labl bile inothe
sPeedintevnet
Providin Kígh
Ption
QLLes E thL Pubu
 lasSMAt
Date.
Page

CowPonents ar JLAN
The
LA N archtecture afd douon
EEE 802.1 gr

Stati0s (STA
StationS Lopses_o
deiues*equipuent _that areC0nected to
the Sreless LAN. Eash Stgtio0 has a

WielesS Detrork 10tetoce con troller

A station can b e t HPes
Airelecs tesSPoint AP 07AP)
client

ASTC SERVICCE SET (ASS -

Abasicset a
rof O stati0s LOyuunitaina at th
PbysiLal layelevel ss eanb 06 two

LobyastxultyTe
Independent ss.
 BSMAe
cOpare
BooTP sth DHC
BOOTP

GoOTP
BoOTP Stands bo
DHCP bootstrap
bootEstrap Protoso
Protosol
Wbile DHCP
Wbile
stands o0 Dnquyic host
PsEoc Dhauyic kost
BOorp -
OTP does Ot Prvide
IP addressin24 teuaPstg
DHCP
LAKle DHCPProvides tPora
adacsing OY 00 Gited 1P
aOunE OK Ge
B00TP 2
LE_does 0tSupPost DHCP elient
DHCP
LESuPPoE oOTP lints

00TP
nugwn biuratHon takes place
DHCP
lo DHCP, autt- wo5ijurati0) take Place
BoOTP
tdoesn't supPor yobile achineu
DHCP
SupPot Hobia athines
Wbereal DHP
Lo0TP goug
fE_ca0 havee_eTo due to
0tiuratioo. don't OLLYYe Osy due
err

DHCP lo DHP
Con yation
tO aauto
 SMAte
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6JAhat do ou by YOuLiOg Protocol 2

Aite shot o I P ,OsPE 4nd
BP

The TOutina o5osation Pro tocolis

one the auil 06 IP 0uLing
Protocols gnd s 99 otemos ratea
POtocol(IGP) desizn tO dislibute oukio4
0uting
KOAation Sithin a utsoouOus Sstey As)
RIP s SiHPla Vecto1 Toutio4
Pso tocol th TOuEers_
enhang netidoTk
TLachabúty D5oyaHon Ath thir_DeAresE_
nabbo In_ 0ther rds th TouEers
LOUudicate Rach other the sets
o destinaitns (addres Pretines that
the
tha Can each the t hop_addvess
data should besent in_07der to
rea t h i í _destinati00s

OPENSHORTESTPATH
FIRSST (osPE):
Th
0SPe Protocol 13 0Deak 0 IP outina
Protocol_ gnd isan InterioY_ Tatia
Protacol 5AY the teroet used to distmbute
Outing_ingataL*OOthroughEa single
AutonoHOus Steuy As) 049 IP uetA6r
The 0SPF PsotoLol s a _ k -state
YouhDa Prdtocol Lsbih weADS that the
TOute1S ethanas EOPologY 10gOMatiD0
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with thr eATEst

oded
eye
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throughtthe AS EOPblo2
Th
eoPolo?
that auters AS Sso
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plete
Picture OS he toPio
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has

che
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is then
to
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the
o
BORDER
TATEWA PROTOCOL CBuP)
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ODeo a taui
oIPIP_ 0uti9g Probocol i s a Ateior
ats Psotocol desiane to distribute
n5ofatigo Ass

LcPsOre alveLtosOutina Pstocols

lo a Protoco
ectomna ke BGP, the routes
chane nernoT_YLachabili noration itb
the neavest nEbous Jo_0the Wo Tds the
Yute Lou4unicated to each other he sett
addvessel_that they Yeach
The EP Floodureachability oboyatian
th042bt the oteroet So that ever EGP
TOutey ua arOu tina tabl containina
addresPreries DedE hoPes that vey
the entire Pubuc nternet.
 ASSMALe
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LOOcePE__d Sackets?

Piuitiveg
These Piitivd are Sacket
TSP
ucd beskle UNTXbo
any
ase auny
The 60cket_Primitives
Tbe
irst
used to TeP. These60cket Aere
Or theBerkley OrTx
rckascd Part
distöbuti09 1SE2
428D S0ttdase
he Prinitiwey
Tb quitk becaue PPula
oidely used fpteinet PAA1HHiOZ_
SYsty e5Pa aly UHT
APCati03
aSocket
based there I
CalledWinsodk
style API tos Aindows

Psiuyive MEAN NT
SOCkET CReatea nt wwMUDILatid9 end PoigF
BIND Attach a local addrexs to a socket
LSTEN AnDAunCe ilD2DeSS to accepE OODetiog
ACCEPT Block Hhe calley Untu_a DDecE6) a teypt
CONECT Actively attept to establush d a Conscio)
SEND Send 60uedata avex heDDectHdo
RECEIVE Vecive S0 _data krou LcoDeckon_
LOSE Rlease the AOnELhOD

he irst u
Piwitives n the
s t a e euted în_that 05de b Sevea.
be s0cket ñuHve_CYe atesane endPoine
and allbcatedtable SPoce Y it sithin the
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ADSPot entithe
esansPort

the
ddrsin6AMak Pasauutter inludes
to
seWi
desired&the heuied,
usedthe the
Create cdsocket Prottcol
doDot qve nctdk reuilt
a d d r e s e s

The ID
BIND Piitive sustd
to connect the
the
CrcatedSockets to an addregs O n
civex aau btund an
addreg to a socket,
S e 1 Y e Y

h e lents Lan
fuHnte

nnect to
IISTEN Lallabich allocates
SPa
queue DCAMIDA Calls0 the Lase that
SeYea ieni to A0oetat the
ie
The e<ves eecutes 9 AcLEPT Piibva
bloc Aut7K0 g 9couina umeEion
the ints Side Priuitire
ae fevet00a_ sockat u t i n t be
 asSAte

.8EAplain So shart ODP Psotocol

The intenet ha E wain PsdEOCD1S
transPoTE_Late, aLDonectiaoless
Protoco and LOODEioo -Oxignted 09e
Tbe [Link] LDpleuent eah otherhe
onnecidgless Protocol isODP Tt doe
audst00thina beynod sendina Packets
betce aPPlitations letioaaPPucati00s
build their OO Protocolk 00 toP
Deede d
The [Link]-oñanbed Prstocal S
dnes aluost eyestbnaIE
uakes noeLLiOD adds7eliability ith
TetansuISS0O5 al6na ith_loud ontrol2
L0etiso Lont all00 bhalr o the
applicati0n that use t Sine UDP is a
tsansPort layer Protocol that typically TuDs
the OS Protocols that Use ODP
ypical TUDS O ujeas spaL heseuLe
wight be LOnLidered appUca lions
Tbe nternet Protoco sute SupParts a
Co0DecGonless tranSPost PrtOCl_called
uDP UDP Provide a ay fo aplication
E send enaPsulabed LP_datagraws ithaut
avin to estabish UDDectI0D
 SSMAte
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UDP Ons tssRuentsLOOSisEiOA
A 08-byte heade
5ollaued b the
The tü
paly-lpad
Portt Sre t den
den tiib
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the
achine
AithinSurLe& dedinatI00
LAhen a ODP Packet 3ive
its Palbad
hAndedt0the Proces atached to the
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d e i t i n a t i O n

atathuent rt oCUuTg
the IHDPiive WithtuE the
Prs bields the
trgnsPoitlayer Ould Dot
hat t0 do ith each incoin
aceet lith_thu i t delívers the bdded
to t h e YTet aPplication
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od el?
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applitakion Proasau SYVY
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hen it seJPondl
 ASSMALe
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OJ Eflain VP ?
VN Deinition: vPo
a P-Avate Point-to-PoinE aina hat is
onneLtion_bet
dai0s. OY nctik oveX hare4
O Pubic OTk OVex a shared 0Y Pubu
Detmok suth a the internet A Vortyal
Pivae Detok gCpubingtion ot
SO5Eare ardoarreare
Can
Po tethnaloa
be us n 0YAani2akiont
etendit Sube enlyPted _nDeLtio)
Ve les Setyr2 Soteroet_to ODDed
SeTve0. VPPo turn b ntemet
Siwulated vate WAN
JE us es Vitual "
TOutedd LAnDeLbio
Pate
thrtug nternt 5TOu buisAnK
Ketork to the HAEE Sde
VPO
a techonlogy ich_LTLutes
DthoM that netios
Pvate sVitual
The letteY V 0
yiXEual eanS VPo_staDds r
that it hared PhysiceA
uits STth other tralsi t has
TTesp0n¢i0a_ pkysia ctdOTR
A VPn ient
that_js a l l tungeling-
PTOtOCDls, ake virbualcall t o
VPo SeVeY
 AS S m A t e

virtua Pivate Det * ettnds a

Poivatenetok
acrOss Public uetsor vPo
allos
UseSs
Okina atE ho 0 obyico
CO99cE gaionD to
Seure
T e o t e
Oporate usiDa te
OuEing 1D Yastuture Pryided btaetvào
the user Pe Peive , the JPO
S PoTot to- Point ADDELtO bet
usev's uter C Porate serveY.
the
The nature O5 th Interyediate oter
petwkk imelevant to the use
because 3 appears as 6 the datq s
beg SentE Ove a dedicated_PavaE
 pate
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VLA ? Explain short

LWhat
the PRua sole to enble
VLAN hase
Lonsiauratio wana4uent
eaieY arbugd 4op
la LOTPia te Detwodks bTIE
re severa upled entaton
The
these Vitua net 0k
-or
strataies

Soktqre that_is
virtualL LAN s
wultiPle
Dctwops
Povide
ouplbyed to
teruuinals
ub b 70uPioa
single ubs TE 1L a LaN'
LoDoeted_to Susitd
7Duped t e E h e Y
by Loical
that IS Vitug jostead
oddreSel oto_ sitk T5
physical LA throuzh a
an VIsEua LAN'
Switch
E haviog_dieent netibk_
DPeYate
Subnts. Ose aTthi
D AS
addressa arouPed etbu_by TP
Ni al LAJ are
b yPoTE addresS C ) _each
addreks
Dodeattached too a
be
de dicated üruit ysers aluo
ODe
VioEyaLAN.
asianed to MOre

be detined as
The VLAT LaD
dowsai 9n_Aih thebroad
boadast a l statioos beloo
Last add re reaches
_to the VLAN Lo wuiCaGOOS
s e c u ed &betDeen
VLAN be
Controlled se Parate V LAN
thdse
 assate

Dato

Disuuss VTP VLANtrunk ptocol

VTP s aCisLo PrPrie t a P0tocel
ule 6 SO Suitchas toenchana
L
VLN n5ostuatioo ith VTP You consoko)
e d VLAN Ch _sites inside the saue
VTP douai
T btter unde'stand the Value a
LonsideY
an enap la Detuoork
OO S tches Dithot LoDEiguration ad
0 adh susi tch you Ouldhave to
Manuall ente VLAN
NTYeDabluk uu to Creete VLAN

Only DD a [ngle STtC. e SAtK Lan the

about tht VLAN E

ech SOitek netok & aue

Othe Soitche Create that VLAN
You ant to elete a VLAN
On Dee d n delete it_a0Ssitth
the dange s autouakicallPozoRated
PyeM othes SAitC nside the
aye NTP douyon

NTP d

Ehree evenEvent VTP y0des

 aSSMAte
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VT? ient ode

wode can't dhanae i t s
SuTth

VLAN
uing ths
coDnauralion
Jhat that a VTP lient Swildh
CCAnt eYcat O delete VLAN recaed
VTP updats arc P0ceed 606rded

vTP H0de -

A switd uhng
CAO Create delte
VLAHs A VTP srved switch
ProPajate VLAN_changes This Sthe
desault uodle o Cisco SOdhas
VTP transParent ode
A SOTth
using this Hode doesn'E share t
VLA databale bu t's KOdosd
TeLived TP ad ye tisednt