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Effect of Tempering on 1040 Steel Properties

1) This document describes an assignment to use CES software to analyze the effect of tempering temperature on the properties of 1040 steel. Students are asked to input data on tensile strength, Young's modulus, and ductility at different tempering temperatures. 2) The introduction provides background on hardening steel through quenching, which increases strength but reduces ductility. Tempering is then used to improve ductility by heating to lower temperatures. 3) Students are asked to complete a table with the mechanical properties of 1040 steel quenched and tempered at different temperatures, and to plot the properties against temperature. They then answer questions about how tempering affects properties.

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Adams Odanji
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178 views4 pages

Effect of Tempering on 1040 Steel Properties

1) This document describes an assignment to use CES software to analyze the effect of tempering temperature on the properties of 1040 steel. Students are asked to input data on tensile strength, Young's modulus, and ductility at different tempering temperatures. 2) The introduction provides background on hardening steel through quenching, which increases strength but reduces ductility. Tempering is then used to improve ductility by heating to lower temperatures. 3) Students are asked to complete a table with the mechanical properties of 1040 steel quenched and tempered at different temperatures, and to plot the properties against temperature. They then answer questions about how tempering affects properties.

Uploaded by

Adams Odanji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ENGD2105: Materials Engineering and Processing

CES Assignment 2: Effect of Tempering Temperature on


Properties of Steel

Name:
Date:

Instructions
1. Using the CES package, find the average values of tensile strength, Young’s modulus and ductility of
1040 carbon steel after quenching and then tempering at various temperatures, listed in the table on the
next page. Complete the table and graphs, and then answer the questions in the following page.
2. This work counts towards 15% of CW in Term 1.
3 Submit this logsheet via the Blackboard prior to the specified deadline on the Blackboard. (week 6,
Friday, 12/11/2021)

Learning outcomes
1) Understanding hardening and tempering heat treatment process
2) Understanding the effect of tempering on properties of steels

Introduction

This assignment involves a virtual experiment to find out the effect of tempering temperature on the
properties of a hardened (quenched) steel. With the help of CES, you can find the properties of the
steel after tempering at various temperatures, and then plot the properties against tempering
temperature. The hardening and tempering processes of steels are briefly described below.

Hardening of steels: heat the steel to a high temperature (800-1000oC), soak for a period of time, then
cool the steel rapidly by quenching in water or other cooling media, producing a hard structure (called
martensite) with significantly increased strength, but reduced ductility and toughness.

Tempering of steels: After quench-hardening, steels are always tempered by heating to a temperature
between 160oC and 650oC for a couple of hours to achieve the required strength and to improve
ductility and toughness. In the as-quenched state, the steel is hard but is also very brittle, and thus has
very limited engineering application. The quenched steel must be tempered to make it tougher and
more suitable for real applications.

Please Turn Over …

1
Find tensile strength, Young’s modulus and ductility of 1040 steel, water quenched and then
tempered at various temperatures, as listed in the following table. Calculate the averages, and
complete the following table.

AISI 1040 steel, Water quenched

Tempering Temperature Tensile Strength Young’s Modulus Ductility


(oC) (MPa) (GPa) (Elongation)

205

315

425

540

650

Now, plot Tensile Strength against Tempering Temperature for the steel in the graph below. Do
the same for Young’s modulus in the second graph, and ductility in the third graph.

1000

900
Tensile Strength (MPa)

800

700

600

500

400
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
o
Tempering Temperature ( C)

2
300

250
Young's Modulus(GPa)
200

150

100

50

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
o
Tempering Temperature ( C)

0.3

0.25

0.2
Ductility

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
o
Tempering Temperature ( C)

3
Carefully examine the above completed table and graphs, and attempt the following questions:

1. How does tempering temperature affect the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and ductility of
quenched steels?

2. What structure is produced in steel after quenching? Briefly describe this structure.

3. Why can steel be hardened by rapid cooling (quenching)?

4. Why is tempering always required after quenching?

5. If the required tensile strength for a particular application is 800 MPa, at what temperature
should the quenched AISI 1040 steel be tempered?

6. The stiffness of steels can be altered by heat treatment.


(a) True, or
(b) False
Please explain your answer.

7. If the AISI 1040 steel were accidentally hardened before machining, what would you do to
soften it such that machining becomes feasible? Please describe the process.

8. Is it industrially feasible to quench-harden the AISI 1020 steel? Explain why.

9. A plain carbon steel having a carbon content of about 1.10%. How do you designate it by using
the AISI code? (show your working). Note: You may not be able to find this from CES!

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