Goat Management

If you take care of the these issues you will not have many issues with your goats

1. Dipping - weekly (or two weekly in dry season ) to prevent tick transmitted diseases such
as Heartwater and Anaplasmosis ( Gallsickness )

2. Vaccination for Enterotoxemia ( two injections primer and booster )

3. Deworming ( kudhoza) after you have completed the vaccination course

4. Nutrition - give supplementary feed that is nutritionally balanced in terms of

carbohydrates ( source of energy ) , protein , digestible fibre/roughage , minerals and
vitamins

5. Housing - must be clean, warm and well ventilated

[18/09, 07:55] Dad♡: BASIC WAYS TO LAST IN FARMING

Unless you know and apply some basic principles, you cannot last in any business including
farming. There is no point in going into any business if we cannot do what it takes to last and
be successful in it. Here are the 8 basic ways to last in it.

1. Develop the passion. Only passion can take you far into any business including farming.
Without having the passion, you will not last in farming. Passion is the energy that will drive
you to success no matter the difficulty you face.Passion is what will bring you back to
farming even when you lose your chickens to Newcastle disease or even when predators
massacre your whole flock of chickens.

2. Be committed to continuous learning. You will not go far in farming without wisdom,
knowledge and understanding.

3. Take it that problems will come. No matter how good you may be, problems will still visit
you on the farm. The difference is that great farmers usually turn their problems to
opportunities for growth and more profits.Egg prices will go down while feed prices go up
while only the brokers benefit.Find a way to rise up after every fall.Find a market far from
your place .Tough times never last but tough people do.
4. Apply sound business principles. You must know that farming is a business to succeed in
it. A farmer should be grounded in sound business principles. Understand the market
dynamics,obey the laws of demand and supply, practise market timing.

5. Be a marketer. What is the point of having products when you cannot turn it to money?
Farmers today must be sound marketers if they want to succeed. The middle men are blood
suckers and only a wise farmer can outwit them!Use digital platform or mass media,Take
your products to the end user,Understand the market.Middle men outwit you because they
understand the market.Don't just be satisfied by the morsels or bread crumbs.Take the lion
share.

6. Keep re-investing your profits. Cash flow and profits are important elements of any
business. Business success is not about how much money you make; it is how much money
you keep and reinvest.Avoid get-rich-quick schemes.You will cry in the toilet.Take the
narrow gate for wider is the path that leads to destruction.

7. Watch your health! Health they say is wealth. Farmers should constantly monitor their
health and not internalize the pains and struggles associated with farming.Avoid stress and
depression.Your life is important.Problems abound in any farming venture.Your health is
important.Health is wealth.

8. Enjoy what you do. Learn to enjoy the whole process. Take it as an adventure. Any
business that cannot be taken as an adventure will ultimately burdened the owner.Be happy
and optimistic take profits and losses with your head held high.

Yours sincerely

Happy Farmer!!!

[18/09, 07:56] Dad♡: V2-BIO-SECURITY PROCEDURE FOR RECEIVING NEW

GOATS TO YOUR FARM

The procedure that I use when I bring in a new large batch of animals is as follows:

PURCHASING THE GOATS

Do not buy sick goats . Check every goat for ticks and signs of disease and anaemia using the
checklists posted above . Get the goats dipped 2-3 days before transporting .

TRANSPORTATION
Use a covered truck to avoid chilling the goats during transport . There must be good
ventilation in the truck and floor must not be slippery . You can put soil on the truck floor .
Avoid crowding or transporting young goats kids together adult goats . Transportation is
stressful so drive at reasonable speeds and have breaks

VACCINATION

If possible vaccinate for Enterotoxemia before transport but this typically requires a period of
4-6 weeks (depending on the vaccine product used) before transporting to complete the
vaccination course.

I would not recommend to vaccinate immediately on arrival as the animals will be under
stress of transportation and change of environment.

Here are some of the vaccines that protect against Enterotoxemia ( and other diseases)

- Prondivax Pulpy Kidney (Prondil)

- Prondiclos Plus ( Prondil)

- MultiVax P (MSD)

- MultiVax P Plus ( MSD)

- One Shot Ultra 7 (Zoetis

- UltraChoice 7 (Zoetis)

- Coevexin 8 (Zoetis)

- Glavac 6 (Zoetis)

ON ARRIVAL

1. Weigh the goats . You need the weight for calculating medicine dosages
2. Inject Multivitamin to help cope with stress of transport and change of environment

3. Inject a long acting Oxytetracycline ( eg Hitet 200 LA) . This will deal with any tick
disease ( Heartwater or Anaplasmosis) or secondary infections that may take advantage of
weakened immune system due to stress.

4. Quarantine the animals in a pen with roofed goat housing ( to protect from rains)

5. Provide fresh and clean drinking water

6. Provide a nutrionally balanced feed mainly GOOD QUALITY HAY to start with plus a
nutritionally balanced supplementary feed ration but do not exceed 250g per goat for the
supplement feed . Increase supplement daily by 50g per goat over 14 days with maximum
being 3-4% of body weight.

7. Give free salt at 0.1% of body weight per goat .

8. Do not over feed the goats before vaccination for Enterotoxemia

9. Do not deworm the goats the goats before vaccination for Enterotoxemia

Day 2

======

10. Dip in warm weather with Tikgard ( or similar synthetic pyrethroid dip) . Repeat weekly .
This will clear ticks and external parasites like mites and lice does you don’t pass disease to
the existing herd

11. Tag the goats . You need this for your records
After One Week

============

12. Give the first ( primary ) injection of Enterotoxemia vaccine

13. After 4-6 weeks - give second (booster) injection of Enterotoxemia vaccine

14. Two weeks after giving the booster vaccine , deworm

15. After two weeks, all those animals without disease can now join the rest of the animals
already on the farm

Here is a summary :

The above is only one way to do this. It’s not the only way . What is important is to avoid
bringing disease into your healthy herd .

1. Deal with stress .

2. Provide good housing .

3. Provide nutrionally balanced feed and clean drinking water

4. Do not over feed . Introduce new feed gradually .

5. Vaccinate .

6. Tag your animals

7. Weigh your animals

8. Control ticks and external parasites via dipping .

9. Deworm but only after both primary and booster courses of the Enterotoxemia vaccine .
—————-//////————-

The information provided above is farmer to farmer advice. It is not intended to replace
professional advice from your veterinary doctor.

The treatment that is given to your animal depends on correctly identifying the disease that is
actually affecting it.

Always consult your veterinary doctor or veterinary livestock officers especially if you are in
doubt about any aspect of the disease or its treatment .

[18/09, 07:57] Dad♡: MAKING YOUR OWN FRED

U crash maize stoves ,cobs ,even crash maize if u hv and rost soya beans first .for the ratio is
1.2 ,why we rost soya in terms of using unrosted ,to improve the digestibility ,control
C.Pmaize stoves are good in C.F and u need to add C.S Salt for calcium I hope u know the
purposes of calcium, CF and C.P

Hi farmer.

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BREEDING STOCK !!!! T&C apply

[18/09, 07:58] Dad♡: Age of goats and sheep

(1) Animal under one year old (no permanent teeth)

(2) One year old (2 permanent teeth)

(3) Two years old (4 permanent teeth)

(4) Three years old (6 permanent teeth)

(5) Four years old (8 permanent teeth)

(6) Old animal, more than four years old

[22/09, 09:31] Dad♡: Apologies post is in Shona.

*Sweet potatoes* (copied from Mdhara Mdala Wa Rue)

Sweet potatoes

kana muchifarira kudzirima zvekare for Marketing to substitute bread makasununguka

tobatsirana kutangira pakuti tactic yekuti mbeu iwande for more hectarage. Sweet potatoe
inobhadhara kudarika Tobacco return per dollar
 Zvamoita ndezvekuti kana muchida kurima Sweet potatoe munotanga kugadzirira muna July
*How*

Munoyenda kunotenga ma vines ku Kutsaga Research Board ku Epworth. Then moisa ma

vines pa Small flat seed bed then motanga feeding and watering. Muchaona kuti ma vines
anotanga ku tambarara. Paanenge achitambarara munenge muchicheka muchiita
multiplication other flat seed beads again

Week after week munenge muchicheka mbeu dza tambarara from August till November
muchiisa more Flat seed beds kuti mudyare ndima hombe

Kusvika mvura inaye munenge maita multiplication ye mbeu inosvika uncountable hectares.
U start planting in December till end January or February.

By Mid February motanga zve kutengesa ma vines muchiita $5Us / saga. Pamunochera
mihomba munenge muchitoita winter plough

Mambaira dzobhadhara zvokuti. Bucket rinofanira kunzi $2 or even $1 US because profit is

more but vakawanda havazvizive

Munoziva here kuti 20L bucket re sweet potato ranges from $4-5 Us. Then kuti muzadze
bucket ne mambaira munochera like 4m hantie

Hectare it's 100 x 100m. So tomboti ma Ridge yedu it's at 1m spacing. So meaning per
Hectare munoita 100 ridges x 100 long. So kana bucket richizara ne 4m. Ko what about 100m
Ridge. Tochera 25 buckets per Ridge hantie. Each bucket is sold at $4us meaning per Ridge u
get $100us hantie. Ko pa Hectare 100 ridges u get $100x100 ridges =$10000Us

Compound D /S munoda tomboti 5kg /100m. Ko what about per Hectare with 100 ridges.u
need only 5kgs x 100 ridges = 500kgs = 10 bags only. Top dressing u can put Gypsum ie
Calcium Sulphate which is very cheap
So pa Hectare pabuda $10 000 us hantie. Mari iyi is equivalent ne ma tones mangani ye
chibage. Ko tomboti 4m kunyeba kuti bucket rinozara tomboti we need 8m zvoreva kuti we
get $5000us per Hectare

Mambaira dzobhadhara zvokuti. Bucket rinofanira kunzi $2 or even $1 US because profit is

more but vakawanda havazvizive

Horticulture crops ane Mari yakawandisa ve hama. Onai kuti mu summer madyarazve
Tomatoes, 10 lines of Okra even rape vegetable. But kuti mu wane Mari vamwe vasati
vawanda ku market onai kuti. Sow seeds 2 weeks b4 rain so that mvura painotanga kunaya
nurse inenge ya ready for transplanting. Bcz vakawanda vanozomwaya nurse kana mvura
yanaya. Saka munenge makavasiya ne 2 weeks ku market

[30/09, 07:08] Dad♡: GOAT/SHEEP DEWORMING, DIPPING AND VACCINATION

FOR ENTEROTOXEMIA

Root causes of the some of the most common fatal health problems in sheep and goats are:

1. Enterotoxemia (Types A, B, C & D )

2. Internal parasites - specifically lung worms, barbers pole worm and liver flukes

3. Tick transmitted diseases such as Anaplasmosis and Heartwater

Prevention :

VACCINATION FOR ENTEROTOXEMIA

Enterotoxaemia in sheep and goats is caused by the following types of the clostridium
perfringens pathogens:

1. Type A (enterotoxemia, haemorrhagic enteritis),

2. Type B (lamb dysentery)

3. Type C (necrotic enteritis)

4. Type D (enterotoxemia/pulpy kidney disease)

Some of the vaccines such as those listed below are cheaper however they only protect
against one Type of Enterotoxemia ( ie Type D only ):

- ProndiVAX Pulpy Kidney vaccine

- OBP Enterotoxemia (alum- precipitated ) vaccine

- OBP oil-emulsion Enterotoxemia vaccine

- Prondivax pulpy kidney 1 shot vaccine

- PulpyvaX (alum-precipitated) Enterotoxemia vaccine

Other, more expensive vaccines like MultiVax P Plus protect against eneterotoxaemia and
enteritis caused by Cl. perfringens Type B, C and D in addition to other fatal diseases in
sheep and goats such as:

- blackleg,

- malignant oedema;

- black disease;

- gas-gangrene, and

- pneumonic pasteurellosis caused by Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica

Here are some of the vaccines that protect against Types B, C and D Enterotoxemia PLUS
other diseases:

- Prondiclos Plus ( Prondil)

- MultiVax P (MSD)

- MultiVax P Plus ( MSD)

- One Shot Ultra 7 (Zoetis

- UltraChoice 7 (Zoetis)

- Coevexin 8 (Zoetis)

- Glanvac 6 (Zoetis)

📍💉 Always check the youngest age that the vaccine can be used on BEFORE you buy a
vaccine

The general guidance below is for those vaccines that are given as two injections initially and
not for the ‘1 shot’ types of vaccine:

1. Vaccinate the Does/Ewes for Enterotoxemia in the last 4-6 weeks of pregnancy before
Kidding. If it is the very first time ever to give the vaccine, then two separate vaccine
injections ( primary and booster ) must be given separated by 4-6 weeks. As with most killed
vaccines, significant levels of immunity cannot be expected until 2 weeks after the second
booster vaccine injection.

2. Ensure that the Kids/Lambs drink adequate colostrum ( the first thick milk that comes out)
during the first 24 hours after birth in particular the first 1-6 hours when the antibodies that
give immunity to Kids/Lambs are highest in the colostrum . This protects the Kids/Lambs for
up to 12 weeks ( 3 months)

3. Vaccinate the Kids/Lambs from vaccinated Does/Ewes for Enterotoxemia at 3 months and
give booster vaccine injection 4 to 6 weeks later

4. Kids/Lambs born to unvaccinated Does/Ewes should be given a first injection of vaccine

during the first week of life and a second injection 4 to 6 weeks later

5. Repeat the booster vaccine injection once annually

DEWORMING
Deworm the Kids/Lambs 2 weeks after the booster vaccine shot using a drug or combination
that kills eyeworms, nasal worms, lungworms, gastrointestinal roundworms, liver flukes and
tapeworms

Commonly used dewormers are :

- Valbazen for Sheep and Goats

- Ranox + Invermectin 1%

- Prodose Orange ( Albendazole + Closantel)

- Systemax Plus Fluke

- Closavet 7.5% oral solution

- Cydectin (moxidectin)

DIPPING

Control ticks through weekly dipping . Below are some of the commonly used dips together
with their active ingredients .

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF COMMON DIP PRODUCTS

TIKGARD

Active Ingredients

* Chlorfenvinophos 30% m/v

* Alphamethrin 3% m/v

CONTRATIK.

Active Ingredients

* Chlorfenvinphos 30% m/v

* Alphacypermethrin 3% m/v
ERADITICK 125

Active Ingredients

Amitraz 12.5% m/v

TRIATIX

Active Ingredients

Amitraz 12.5% m/v

TICKBUSTER

Active Ingredients

Amitraz 12.5 % Em

SENTINEL 15 EC

Active Ingredients

Cypermethrin

PARACIDE

Active Ingredients

Alphamethrin 7 % m/v.

SUPADIP

Active Ingredients

Chlorfenvinphos 30% m/v

TICKBUSTER DIP AND SPRAY

Contains: Amitraz 12.5 % EC (Emulsifiable Concentrate)

DELETE® ALL Pour on dip

Contains:

Amitraz 2,0 % m/v

Deltamethrin 0,50 % m/v

Piperonyl Butoxide 2,0 % m/v

TRIATIX 125

Contains: Amitraz 12.5% m/v

TAKTIC® CATTLE SPRAY

Contains: Amitraz 12,5 % m/v

FEEDING AND STRESS

1. Do not suddenly change feed or introduce new feed in large quantities ( eg going to pasture
) or do anything that causes stress or give feed with too much grain . These are the factors
that trigger Enterotxemia .

2. Any change should be introduced slowly over 14 days or so . For example increase feed in
small steps for at least 14 days until you reach maximum required . Feed fresh high quality
hay more than anything else and crude protein in the feed should be around 16%

3. Use a technique called Creep Feeding . Gradually introduce them to solid feeds before
letting them out to pasture . The Kid should have access to hay and concentrates from one
week to stimulate rumen activity. The rumen is usually functioning well by 10–12 weeks if
done this way

4. Keep the right medicines in stock so thst you can respond quickly to disease
————-//////————-

The information provided above is farmer to farmer advice. It is not intended to replace
professional advice from your veterinary doctor.

The treatment that is given to your animal depends on correctly identifying the disease that is
actually affecting it.

Always consult your veterinary doctor or veterinary livestock officers especially if you are in
doubt about any aspect of the disease or its treatment .

Lincoln Sakutukwa

Better Beef Zimbabwe (BBz)

Whatsapp: +263774325213

[30/09, 07:08] Dad♡: *Goat Health Management*

If you take care of the these issues you will not have many health problems or diseases with
your goats

1. Dipping - weekly (or two weekly in dry season ) to prevent tick transmitted diseases such
as Heartwater and Anaplasmosis ( Gallsickness )

2. Vaccination for Enterotoxemia ( typically given as two injections primer and booster
separated by 4-6 weeks). Repeat vaccination annually once every 12 months. There are 4
types of Enterotoxemia of which Type D (Pulpy Kidney disease) is the most prevalent killer.

3. Deworming (kudhoza) after you have completed the vaccination course described above.
AVOID deworming before this vaccination. Allow a gap of a minimum of 14 days between
vaccination and deworming . Use a deworming drug (anthelmintic) or combination that kills
nasal worms, lungworms, eyeworms, liver flukes, gastrointestinal roundworms and
tapeworms.

4. Nutrition - give supplementary feed that is nutritionally balanced in terms of

carbohydrates ( source of energy ) , protein , digestible fibre/roughage , minerals and
vitamins especially during the dry season. This is especially important during the last three
months of pregnancy and during the first 2 months of lactation

5. Housing - must be clean, warm, dry, well ventilated, not dusty. Control mites, fleas and
flies. This prevents many respiratory and gastro intestinal diseases .

6. Do not share Bucks. Dispose ( eg by burning ) and clean away all afterbirth material so that
other goats do not lick it or come into contact with it . This prevents transmission of some
diseases that cause abortion

[30/09, 12:27] Dad♡: *Zivai mbeu dzekutenga varimi*

Region 1 - Maize

Above 1000mm of rainfall annually

Irrigated: SC 727, SC 719, SC 649, SC 637, SC 627, SC 643

Dry Land: SC 727, SC 719, SC 649, SC 637, SC 627, SC 643, SC 513, SC 529

Region 2a- Maize

Above 750mm of rainfall annually with good distribution

Irrigated: SC 727, SC 719, SC 649, SC 637, SC 627, SC 643

Dry Land: SC 727, SC 719, SC 649, SC 637, SC 627, SC 643, SC 513, SC 529

Region 2b - Maize
Above 750mm of rainfall annually, with uneven distribution

Irrigated: SC 727, SC 719, SC 649, SC 637, SC 627, SC 643

Dry Land: SC 727, SC 719, SC 649, SC 637, SC 627, SC 643, SC 513, SC 529

Region 3 - Maize

Receives 650-800mm of rainfall on average annually, with uneven distribution

Irrigated: SC 727, SC 719, SC 649, SC 627, SC 643

Dry Land: SC 727, SC 719, SC 649, SC 627, SC 643, SC 513, SC 529, SC403, SC 301

Region 4 - Maize

Receives less than 650mm of rainfall on average annually, with uneven distribution

Irrigated: SC 727, SC 719, SC 649, SC 627, SC 643

Dry Land: SC 513, SC 533, SC403, SC 419, SC 301

Region 5 - Maize

Receives less than 650mm of rainfall on average annually, with uneven distribution

Irrigated: SC 727, SC 719, SC 649, SC 627, SC 643

Dry Land: SC 513, SC 533, SC403, SC 419, SC 301