A conic section is a curve formed

by the intersection of
a plane and a double cone.
_________________________
 Conic Sections
A conic section is the intersection of the
plane and the double right circular cone.

ellipse

parabola
circle hyperbola
 History
• Conic sections is one of the oldest
math subject studied.
• The conics were discovered by
Greek mathematician
Menaechmus (c. 375-325 BC)
• Menaechmus’s intelligence was
highly regarded… he tutored
Alexander the Great.
 History
• Appollonius (c. 262-190 BC) wrote
about conics in his series of books
simply titled “Conic Sections”. Appollonius
• Appollonious’ nickname was “the
Great Geometer”
• He was the first to base the theory
of all three conics on sections of
one circular cone.
• He is also the one to give the
name “ellipse”, “parabola”, and
“hyperbola”.
 Conic Sections
The general form of a second-degree equation in
two variables x and y is given by
2 2
ax  bxy  cy  dx  ey  f  0
where a, b, c, d, e , and f are constants, and at
least one of a, b, and c is nonzero.
The corresponding graphs of the above equation
are called conic sections.
 Eccentricity
• Any conic section can be defined as the locus
of points whose distances to a point (the
focus) and a line (the directrix) are in a
constant ratio. That ratio is called eccentricity,
commonly denoted as e.
• Eccentricity can be thought of as a measure of
how much the conic section deviates from
being circular.
 Eccentricity
• The eccentricity of
a circle is zero.
• The eccentricity of
an ellipse is greater than
zero but less than 1.
• The eccentricity of
a parabola is 1.
• The eccentricity of
a hyperbola is greater
than 1.
 Conic Sections
Graphs of Quadratic Equations
Value of b2 - 4ac Conic Section
b2 - 4ac < 0, b ≠ 0 or a ≠ c Ellipse
b2 - 4ac < 0, b = 0 and a = c Circle
b2 - 4ac = 0 Parabola
b2 - 4ac > 0 Hyperbola
 Conic Sections
Graphs of Quadratic Equations
Values of a and c Conic Section
ac >0, a Ellipse
a = c, a and c not both 0 Circle
ac=0, a and c not both 0 Parabola
ac < 0 Hyperbola
 Conic Sections
Determine the type of conic section that each equation will produce.
1. x2 + 16y – 32 = 0
2. y2 - 6y – 8x - 7 = 0
3. 16x2 + 25y2 = 40
4. 3x2 + 2y2 - 24x + 12y + 60 = 0
5. 12x2 - 4y2 + 72x + 16y + 44 = 0
6. x2 + y2 + 8x - 6y + 21 = 0
7. 3x2 - 2y2 + 4y - 26 = 0
8. 4x2 + 8y2 - 4x - 24y - 13 = 0
9. y2 – 4y + 8x - 28 = 0
10.9x2 + 4y2 – 24y – 72x + 144 = 0
 Circle
A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are
equidistant from a fixed point.
The fixed point is called the center of the circle
and the distance from the center to any point on
the circumference of the circle is called the
radius of the circle.
 Circles
Standard Equation: ( x  h)  ( y  k )  r
2 2 2

With CENTER: (h, k)

r
 Circles
The general form of a second-degree equation in
two variables x and y for Circles is given by
2 2
ax  bxy  cy  dx  ey  f  0
where a=c
 Example 1
( x  2 )  ( y  8 )  81
2 2

-h
-k r²
Center: (h , k )  ( 2, 8)

Radius: r 9
Example 2

x  ( y  1)  1
2 2

Center ?
Radius ?
 Circle
Find the center and radius of Write the equation of the
each circle, then graph the circle that satisfies the given
circle. conditions, then graph the
1. x2 + (y – 5)2 = 9 circle.
2. (x + 4)2 + y2 = 3 1. Center (0, 2), radius 4
3. (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 16 2. Center (-3, 2), radius 10
4. (x + 9)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25 3. Center (5, -7), radius 8
5. (x + 3)2 + (y – 7)2 = 100 4. Center (9, 3), radius
5. Center (-2, -5), radius
 Circle
Write the equation of the circle that satisfies the given
conditions, then graph the circle.
Center (-3, 2), radius 10
 Circle
Write the equation of the circle that satisfies the given
conditions, then graph the circle.
Center (9, 3), radius
 Circle
Reduce the given equation of a circle to its
standard form. Find the center and radius, then
graph the circle.
1. x2 + y2 + 14x +29 = 0
2. x2 + y2 – 4x +6y - 36 = 0
3. x2 + y2 – 12x – 4y - 24 = 0
4. x2 + y2 + 6x – 6y - 63 = 0
5. x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y - 40 = 0
 Circle
Reduce the given equation of a circle to its
standard form. Find the center and radius, then
graph the circle.
x2 + y2 – 4x +6y - 36 = 0
 Circle
Reduce the given equation of a circle to its
standard form. Find the center and radius, then
graph the circle.
x2 + y2 + 6x – 6y - 63 = 0
 Example
Find the equation of the tangent at the point (0, 2) to the circle
x2 + y2 − 4x + 2y − 8 = 0.
 Example
Find the equation of the tangent at the point (0, 2) to the circle
x2 + y2 − 4x + 2y − 8 = 0.
END OF TODAY’S LECTURE 