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Cement Production Course Overview

Cement production involves mining raw materials like limestone, clay, sand, and iron ore. These materials are crushed and milled into a raw mix, which is heated to high temperatures in a kiln to form clinker. The clinker is then ground with gypsum into a fine powder to produce portland cement. Key steps in the production process include raw material preparation, preheating the raw mix, burning the mix in a kiln to form clinker, and final grinding of clinker with gypsum. The cement is then packaged and shipped for use in construction materials.

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MIMI NATASHA BINTI JAMAL STUDENT
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73 views47 pages

Cement Production Course Overview

Cement production involves mining raw materials like limestone, clay, sand, and iron ore. These materials are crushed and milled into a raw mix, which is heated to high temperatures in a kiln to form clinker. The clinker is then ground with gypsum into a fine powder to produce portland cement. Key steps in the production process include raw material preparation, preheating the raw mix, burning the mix in a kiln to form clinker, and final grinding of clinker with gypsum. The cement is then packaged and shipped for use in construction materials.

Uploaded by

MIMI NATASHA BINTI JAMAL STUDENT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AMK 20403 – Construction Materials

02 a)Cement Production

Khairul Nizar Ismail


Semester 1, 2021/2021

Address:
Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology

Contact Numbers:
04-9798978 HP : 013-4232111

Email Address:
[email protected] Program Code :UR6526003
B.Civil Eng Tech (Construction)
Please register with elearning.unimap.edu.my

Enrolment key

amk20403
Ability to DETERMINE & EVALUATE
CO1 types of material used in concrete and
their manufacturing process.
CEMENT IN MALAYSIA
Portland Cement
By definition —
a hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing
clinker consisting essentially of hydraulic
calcium silicates, usually containing one or
more of the forms of calcium sulfate as an
interground addition
Raw Materials Necessary for
Portland Cement Manufacture Must
Provide the Following
• Calcium
• Silica
• Alumina
• Iron
Calcium Iron Silica Alumina Sulfate
Alkali waste Blast-furnace Calcium silicate Aluminum-ore Anhydrite
Aragonite flue dust Cement rock refuse Calcium
Calcite Clay Clay Bauxite sulfate
Cement-kiln Iron ore Fly ash Cement rock Gypsum
dust Mill scale Fuller’s earth Clay
Cement rock Ore washings Limestone Copper slag
Chalk Pyrite cinders Loess Fly ash
Clay Shale Marl Fuller’s earth
Fuller’s earth Ore washings Granodiorite
Limestone Quartzite Limestone
Marble Rice-hull ash Loess
Marl Sand Ore washings
Seashells Sandstone Shale
Shale Shale Slag
Slag Slag Staurolite
Traprock
Source: PCA, 2003
Source: Mindess, Young, and Darwin, 2004
3. Burning changes raw mix chemically into clinker. Note
four stage preheater, flash furnaces, and shorter kiln.

Source: PCA, 2003


4. Clinker is ground with gypsum into portland cement and
shipped.

Source: PCA, 2003


Source: PCA, 2003
Clinker Gypsum

Source: PCA, 2003


Grinding
• Clinker is ground with gypsum
(calcium sulfate) to produce
portland cement

• Fine grinding is necessary for


high early strength
– 85-95% -325 mesh (45
microns)
– ~ 7 trillion particles per
pound

• Gypsum absorbs water and


prevents setting of C3A during
shipment
Source: van Oss and Padovani, 2002
Process of Clinker Production

Source: PCA, 2003


Source: PCA, 2003
Source: PCA, 2003
Source: Taylor, 1997
Only 26 out of 52 have
enrol for elearning
AMK 20403
Exercise 1

1) Prepare 1 slide /1 page poster regarding the Process of


Making Cement. You may use your own creativity by
using mind mapping, flow chart, illustration and picture
for this homework.

2) Submission must in pdf file before Friday, 29 Oct 2021,


11.59pm by uploading in elearning(week 2)
Date : 28 October 2021
(Thursday)
Time : 2.00pm
Place : Google meet
Attendance for AMK 20403

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