GENDER AND

DEVELOPMENT
BASIC CONCEPTS

MAC PAUL VERZOLA ALARIAO

National GAD Resource Pool Member (Batch 7)
Philippine Commission on Women
 Flow of discussion
Foundational concepts Principle of Gender and Development
• Sex and Gender • Development of All
• Socialization of power (and • Custodian of people’s trust
discrimination)
• Manifestations of Gender Bias How What
(to do GAD) (is GAD)
Directional requirements
• Gender mainstreaming

Why
(implement GAD) Essential instrumentalities
• Compliance to requirements
• Commitment to principles
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
• Obligations to development
WHAT IS GAD?

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
WHY US?
Gender issues affect all of us. But instead of solving
them, we all contribute to their perpetuation.

Everyone who believes in the vision of

attaining a full and satisfying life for all has
an obligation to help pursue GAD.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 WHY US?
We are mandated by international
treaties/commitments, laws and policies

We are custodians of peoples’ trust and

resources. We have the power, knowledge,
skills and resources to make development work
for everybody.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 WHY GAD?

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 BECAUSE…
H ealth

e DUCATION/Environment

l IVELIHOOD

p ROTECTION

S
ocial services

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 • GAA: GAD Budget =5%++,
• COA (AOM)

• International :
• CEDAW, BPfA
• MDGs to SDGs
• National :
• PH Constitution, MCW etc (Women as
equal partner in Nation Building)
• PPGD (1995-2025) (Women’s
Empowerment and Gender Equality)
• Ambisyon Natin 2040 (Pamilyang Pilipino:
Matatag,Maginhawa,Panatag
• PDP 2016-2022 (Malasakit, Pagbabago,
Patuloy na Pag-unlad)

Gender equality, Participatory governance, Inclusive growth, Freedom

from hunger and poverty, Just and humane society
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women DEVELOPMENT IS FOR ALL 9
 WHERE IS GAD?
PAPs
ENABLING (Program
POLICY PEOPLE MECHANISM Activities and
Projects)

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 WHAT ARE WE DOING?

WHAT SHOULD WE DO?

ARE WE ADDRESSING IT
PROPERLY?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
HOW DO WE DO GAD IN THE PH?
GENDER MAINSTREAMING
Gender mainstreaming as the strategy
Major global strategy for ensuring that the government
pursues gender equality in all aspects of the
development process
Look more comprehensively at the relationships between
men and women in their access and control over
resources, decision making, and benefits and rewards
Necessitates the transformation of institutional structures,
culture and practices
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Gender Gender
Gender Gender Gender Gender FAIR/ ACCOUN-
BLIND AWARE SENSITIVE RESPONSIVE
EQUAL TABLE

Failure to Ability to view Aim at Being GR is a State of equal Obligation and

recognize the society from the understanding perspective that ease of access to responsibility on the
roles and perspective of and taking into requires process resources and part of state
responsibilities gender roles account the of overcoming opportunities structures and public
of women and and understand societal and historical gender regardless of officials to
men ascribe to how this had cultural factors biases. gender, • implement gender
• GR plans including econ, mainstreaming
or imposed upon affected involved in
political, and and
by social, women’s needs gender based integrate
• achieve gender
cultural, in comparison exclusion and measures to cultural
equality policy
economic and to the needs of discrimination in promote GE • state of
objectives and
political men public and private and WE valuing • be answerable in
different the event of
behaviors, failure to meet
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women aspirations objectives
and needs
 PHIL COM ON WOMEN TOOLS

ORGANIZATION PPAs LGUs

National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 LEVELLING OFF ON THE CORE GAD
MESSAGES IN THE 3 GAD
MODULES :

1 2 3
Gender Gender
GAD Planning
Sensitivity Analysis and
and Budgeting
Training ++ GA Tools

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 MARAMING SALAMAT!!!
MAC PAUL V. ALARIAO
[email protected]
0917-129-0311
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 1145 J. P. Laurel St., San Miguel, Manila 1005 Philippines
Telephone No. +632.8735.1654 | Facsimile No. +632.8736.4449

https://www.pcw.gov.ph [email protected] PCWgovph CommissionOnWomenPH

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER
SENSITIVITY
TRAINING
MAC PAUL VERZOLA ALARIAO,RN, MSN
Batch 7
National GAD Resource Pool Member
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
Philippine Commission on Women
 Power, Gender, and
Development

Manifestations of
Gender Bias

Gender Division of
Labor

Gender Socialization

Sex and
Gender
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 WHAT IS SEX?

SEX is biologically assigned to an individual.

SEX refers to the biological and physiological
characteristics that define men and women
SEX a natural distinguishing variable based on
biological attributes
PHYSICAL – Genitalia, Reproductive Organs
GENETIC – Chromosomes, Hormones
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 BIOLOGY OF SEX
GENITALIA: PENIS, SCROTUM
INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE VAGINA,
GENITALIA:
ORGANS: TESTES CLITORIS
INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE
CHROMOSOMES: XY UTERUS,
ORGANS:
HORMONES:
OVARIES
TESTOSTERONE
CHROMOSOMES: XX
ESTROGEN,
HORMONES:

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
PROGESTERONE
 ?
?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN (PENIS):

BIRD, COCK, TALONG,

HOTDOG, BURAT, TARUGO,
MANOY
 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
(VAGINA):

FLOWER, MANI, TAHONG,

KEPYAS, KIKI
 WHAT IS GENDER?
GENDER is what a person identifies himself or
herself

GENDER refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours,

activities, and attributes that a given society considers
appropriate for men and women.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 Gender is not binary; it is a
spectrum.

“Male” and “Female” are

sex categories
“masculine” and
“feminine” are gender
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
categories
 SEX GENDER

What makes one What is masculine or

male or female feminine

Biologically- Socially-determined;
determined culturally-defined

Refers to physical Refers to

characteristics learned behavior

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 SEX GENDER

Constant across time Changes over time

Constant/same May vary in different

across different societies and cultures
societies and cultures

Gender differences are created, produced,

reproduced & maintained by social institutions

Gender is multi-dimensional, influencing

economic, political & social interactions
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
and needs
 SEX GENDER

InInone
In ancient
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National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
menbuilding
did not.
dramatically.
 MAC PAUL V. ALARIAO
Member, PCW National GAD Resource Pool
OBJECTIVES:
After the session, the participants will be able to:
Describe the basics of Sex, Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression
in various learning activities;
Discuss all relevant treaties, conventions and laws discussing the rights
of LGBTQIA+ in local and international setup.
Examine common stereotypes that affect the LGBT community through
dialogues with co-participants.
Formulate all possible ways that will contribute to end discrimination
based on SOGIE in the context of their homes.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Pic!
Pic!
Pic-a-boo!
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Ano ang SEX ko? Ano ang GENDER ko?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Ano ang SEX ko? Ano ang GENDER ko?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Ano ang SEX ko? Ano ang GENDER ko?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Ano ang SEX ko? Ano ang GENDER ko?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Ano ang SEX ko? Ano ang GENDER ko?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Ano ang SEX ko? Ano ang GENDER ko?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Ano ang SEX ko? Ano ang GENDER ko?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Ano ang SEX ko? Ano ang GENDER ko?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Ano ang SEX ko? Ano ang GENDER ko?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 1. What were you thinking while answering
the activity?
2. What are your bases while answering? Is
it because of their looks or appearances?
Why?
3. Did you have any difficulties in answering
the activity? Where and Why?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Push!

Charot!
 CHAROT!

1. Female and
male are what we
call genders.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 CHAROT!

2. Gender is
permanent.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 CHAROT!

3. A female who
falls in love with
another female is a
tomboy.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 PUSH!

4. LGBT as a community is
considered vulnerable and
marginalized and therefore
needs recognition, visibility,
and empowerment.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 CHAROT!

5. SOGIESC is only
about the LGBTQIA+
community.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 CHAROT!

6. Persons living with HIV

(PLHIV) are
considered immoral and that
they suffer God’s
punishment.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 CHAROT!

7. LGBTQIA+ people
have mental
disorder.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 PUSH!
8. As a duty-bearer, you
are mandated to protect
and promote rights of
people of diverse
SOGIESC through
actions.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
SEXUAL ORIENTATION:
Each person’s capacity for
profound emotional, affectional
and sexual attraction to, and
intimate and sexual relations with
Answers: “To whom am I attracted
? Who do I love?”
SEXUAL ORIENTATION
 ORIENTATION TYPES
1. Romantic Orientation- Who you are
romantically attracted to meaning wanting to be
in a romantic relationship with and is unrelated to
sexual attraction.

2. Sexual Orientation- Who you are sexually

attracted to meaning who you get turned on by
or who you would want to engage in sexual
behaviors with.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 COMMON
SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS
 Heterosexual- attracted to a person of different/opposite
gender identity

 Homosexual- attracted to a person of same gender identity

 Bisexual- attracted to persons of two or more genders;

attracted to person of any two or more genders

 Pansexual- attracted to people of all genders and/or do not

concern gender when attracted towards someone
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 COMMON
SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS
 Androsexual- a person attracted to masculine
gender presentation

 Gynosexual- a person attracted to feminine

gender presentation

 Asexual- A person who doesn’t have sexual

attraction to anyone
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
GENDER IDENTITY:
refers to each person’s deeply
felt internal and individual
experience of gender, which may
or may not correspond with the
sex assigned at birth
Answers : “Who am I?”
GENDER IDENTITY
 COMMON GENDER IDENTITIES
 Cisgender- a person whose gender identity and biological sex assigned at birth
matched

 Gender Fluid- a person who is gender fluid may always feel like a mix of the two
traditional genders (man and woman)

 Transgender- a person whose gender identity does not align or is different from
the sex assigned at birth

 Agender- a person without gender identity or doesn’t identify with a particular

gender
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Gender Expression:

the way in which a person

expresses gender identity,
typically through their
appearance, dress, and
behaviour
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
GENDER EXPRESSION
 Sex Characteristics:
biological
Physical traits that indicate biological
sex such as chromosomes, genitalia,
gonads, hormones, and reproductive
organs
M, F, and I (1 in 1500-2000, ISNA)

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
SEX
 What is the common thing
between sexual orientation and
gender identity?
What is the common thing
between gender expression and
sex?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
In a nutshell:
We live in a world of diversity. In the end, we live
in a world of diversity. Everyone should have equal
opportunities to participate in development.
SOGIE should not be used for unequal treatment
and discrimination.
SOGIE should be discussed.
We invest on our differences.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
In a nutshell:
SOGIE is everyone’s story and not just to LGBT.
We are duty-bearers mandated to protect and
promote the rights of everyone.
We can’t force anyone to disclose SOGIESC and
assume.
SOGIE is Self-Identification.
Respect is the formula to understanding SOGIE.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
WHO ARE THEY?:
QUICK TEST
 1. Ako si Tony. Ako ay may puke. Sa lalaki lang ako
nagkakaroon ng atraksyon. May kalamyaan ako sa
pagkilos kaya palagi akong sinasabihan na babaeng-
babae daw ako gumalaw.

A. feminine B. feminine
heterosexual heterosexual
female woman female
 2. Ako si Oli na may tatlong biolohikal na anak.
Humahanga ako sa parehas na babae at lalaki. Nalilito
ako. Pero sigurado naman ako na babae ang tingin ko sa
sarili ko. Parehas brusko at malambot ang pagkilos ko.

A. B.
androgynous androgynous
bisexual bisexual
woman female woman
 A. masculine B. masculine
female female
homosexual heterosexual
trans trans
man/man man/man

3. Lalaking-lalaki daw akong kumilos. Sang-ayon naman

ako dun pero nagkakagusto ako sa lalaki lang. Ang tingin
ko sa sarili ko ay lalaki kahit na babae akong pinanganak.
A. asexual B. agender
female female

4. Ako po si Sam. Isa akong bayolohikal na babae. Nung

tinanong po ako kung kanino ako may crush ng kaibigan ko,
sabi ko po, wala. Eh sa wala akong crush talaga eh.
 A. B. feminine
heterosexual homosexual
female female

5. Kakapanganak ko lang nung isang linggo sa bunso namin

ng asawa ko. Buhat nang naging kami nung hayskul pa,
wala na akong ibang minahal at hinangaang iba.
6. Dalawa ang bayolohikal na anak ko sa misis ko dati. Sa
ngayon, kasabay ng paglambot ng pagkilos ko at
pagdadamit ng kasuotang pambabae, naging babae na din
ang tingin ko sa sarili ko. Late bloomer daw ako sabi nila
pero wala akong magagawa, dito ako masaya eh.

A. feminine B. feminine
male trans heterosexual
woman/woman male trans
woman/woman
 “ANG MGA USAPIN NA MAY KINALAMAN
SA KASARIAN AT PANGKASARIAN AY
HINDI MALILIIT NA BAGAY NA PILIT LANG
NA PINAPALAKI; BAGKUS MALALAKING
BAGAY NA PILIT LANG PINALILIIT.”

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 References
CHR Gender Ombud Guidelines. (2016). Commission on
Human Rights.
ISEAN. (2015). Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and
Expression (SOGIE) Training Package. Jakarta, ISEAN.
Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression, and
Sex Characteristics at the Universal Periodic
Review. (2016). ARC International, the International
Bar Association and the International Lesbian, Gay,
Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA).
Understanding Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and
Gender Expression. (n. d.). The Equity Project.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 Power, Gender, and
Development

Manifestations of
Gender Bias

Gender Division of
Labor

Gender Socialization

Sex and
Gender
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 SOCIAL
CONSTRUCTION OF
GENDER
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 CULTURE SHAPES
PEOPLE
PEOPLE SHAPE
CULTURE
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 CULTURE TELLS US

What we ought to be
What we ought to think
Who we ought to be
What we ought to expect of
others

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER RELATIONS ARE POWER RELATIONS

Gender Socialization is shaped by:

Family School
Church

Media State
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT PROMOTE GENDER
STEREOTYPING

FAMILY
Gendering starts at the time the baby is born.
Gender Socialization
The family promotes gender stereotyping through the following
processes:
 Manipulation
 Canalization
 Verbal Appellation
 Activity Exposure
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION

MANIPULATION
It’s the way babies or children are handled.
e.g. Baby girls are handled gently
Boys are allowed to climb trees

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION
CANALIZATION
People direct children’s attention to gender
appropriate objects, e.g.
Boys are given toys like cars, guns, ball
Girls are given dolls, kitchen utensils, play house

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION
VERBAL APPELLATION
These are the words that tell children what they should be, phrases such as :
-“Brave boys” “Boys don’t cry”
-“Pretty Girls” “Girls don’t climb trees”

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION
Activity Exposures
These ensure that children are familiarized with gender-
appropriate tasks. For example, boys are expected to
play or work outside the house while girls are encouraged
to help their mothers in household and children tasks.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT PROMOTE GENDER
STEREOTYPING
School
The formal school system promotes and
encourages the different gender roles
between men and women.

The School as gender socializing factor:

Textbooks and language used
 Sex segregation system
 Curriculum used
 Courses encouraged & career options
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER SOCIALIZATION
Church/Religion was introduced which lead
the way to patriarchal culture.

The Church/Religion as a gender socializing

factor:

 Bible
 Church History
 Structure/Hierarchy of the Church
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT PROMOTE GENDER STEREOTYPING

Mass Media
 commercialization of women
 women as sex objects
 degrading portrayal of women

Through: Advertisements
Radio, television, Soap Operas
Article Highlights
News Items

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER SOCIALIZATION
The State as a gender socializing factor:

 Laws and Policies

 Political Participation and
representative

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 Power, Gender, and
Development

Manifestations of
Gender Bias

Gender Division of
Labor

Gender Socialization

Sex and
Gender

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER ROLES:

A GENDER ROLE IS A SET OF SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL

NORMS THAT ARE GENERALLY CONSIDERED APPROPRIATE FOR
EITHER A MAN OR A WOMAN IN A SOCIAL OR INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIP.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
GENDER ROLES

PRODUCTIVE
COMMUNITY
REPRODUCTIVE ROLES:
(Domestic) ROLES:
MANAGEMENT ROLES:
Comprises the
Comprises work done
activities
childbearing by
orboth
undertaken women
childrearing
at the
and men for payment
community
responsibilities toin cash
level and or kind.totasks
contribute
domestic the
development
required to guarantee
or political
theorganization
maintenance of and
the
community.
well – being It is
of usually
household
voluntary,
members.unpaidIt
work.
includes not only biological reproduction
but also the care and maintenance of the
persons who comprise the household.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
GENDER DIVISION OF LABOUR
Productive Role Reproductive
Job Role
Household Chores
Income-generating
Activities Child-rearing

Paid Unpaid

Visible Invisible

Valued Not Valued

Community Level Roles

National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Power, Gender, and
Development

Manifestations of
Gender Bias

Gender Division of
Labor

Gender Socialization

Sex and
Gender
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 MANIFESTATION OF GENDER BIAS

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 MARGINALIZATION: (ECONOMIC)

The process which forces women out :

• Into the periphery of economic & social life,
• On the periphery of decision- making
process
• As well as diminishing the value of the
activities in which they engage and through
which they contribute to the national
development process.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 • Under or non-valuation/recognition
of Women’s work
• Women have less access to and
control over resources and benefits
• Unequal pay for work of equal value
• Last to be hired, first to be fired
• Limited opportunities
• Exacting sexual favors

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 The vision; what should be:

Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value

Economic Independence

Economic Opportunities

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 SUBORDINATION :(POLITICAL)
One sex is inferior to the other; gender subordination is
the institutionalized domination by men of women

 POSITION – every women in politics and top

positions
 STATUS – weaker sex
 DECISION – MAKING – women are not included
in planning & decision-making processes
 PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 SUBORDINATION

WOMEN MEN

 Weak  Strong
 Oppressed  Dominate
 Followers  Leaders
 Second class  First always
 Owned  Owner

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 The vision; what should be:

 Quality Participation in
Decision-Making

 Recognition of Capabilities

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 MULTIPLE BURDEN
Involvement in the three spheres of work;
reproductive; productive and community
work.
 Parenting
 Housework
 Community Work
 Work in the public
sphere/informal sector

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR

The assignment of tasks

and roles to men and
women on account sex

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 The vision; what should be:

 Shared Parenting

 Shared Housework

 Shared Breadwinning

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 STEREOTYPES

are generalizations or assumptions that people

make about the characteristics of all members
of a group based on an image (often wrong).

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER STEREOTYPES

 Fixed, unquestioned beliefs or

images we carry in the back of
our minds
 About women and men
 Transmitted from generation to
generation
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 The vision; what should be:

 Liberation from stereotyped

images
 Non-sexist child rearing

 Non-sexist language

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER BASED VIOLENCE

Acts of instilling fear and

inflicting pain with the aim
to injure, or abuse a
person usually women.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 The vision; what should be:

 Freedom from violence

 Freedom from harassment
Effects on personhood
Personhood development – self-
esteem
 Control over one’s body
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
122
 NON-SEXIST
LANGUAGE

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 LANGUAGE AND US
-Language articulates consciousness.
-Language reflects culture.
-Language affects socialization.
-Language mirrors professionalism.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 So What?
What would be our effort to avoid
the use of non-sexist lg.?
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 1. Be gender-sensitive.
2. Actualize CSC Memo
Circular No. 12, S.
2005.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 WHAT IS CSC MEMO
CIRCULAR NO. 12, S.
2005?
Encourage government
officials and employees
to use non-sexist lg. in
all its official documents,
issuances and
communications.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
ON GENDER AWARENESS
- We encounter gender issues
everyday and even night.
- Clearer gender lens
- Avoidance of implicit and explicit
discriminatory lg. against people.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 HOW???

1. Eliminate the use of

he, his or him unless
the antecedent is
male.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 A. Use Plural Nouns
T: The lawyer uses his brief
to guide him.
S: The lawyers use their
briefs to guide them.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 B. Deleting he, his, and him
(rewording may be necessary)
T: The architect uses his
blueprint to guide him.
S: The architect uses the
blueprint as a guide.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 C. Replace with articles
T: The writer should know his
readers well.
S: The writer should know the
readers well.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 D. Using one, we or you
T: As one grows older, he
becomes more effective.
S: As one grows older, one
becomes more effective.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 E. Use the passive voice
T: The manager must submit
his proposal today.
S: The proposal must be
submitted by the manager
today.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 2. Eliminate the generic use of man.

T: man, mankind
S: person, one, someone,
everyone

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 3. Eliminate symbolic
representation of gender in
words, sentences and text:

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 A. Taking the context of the word and
eliminating sexism in the concept
T: brotherhood, fraternity
S: kinship, solidarity
T: the founding father, the father of
S: the founder, the proponent of

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 B. Finding precise word to delineate
the thing itself not from
stereotyped characteristics
T: Titanic was a beauty but she
was weak.
S: Titanic was a beauty but it
was weak.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 T: She is the ilaw ng tahanan!
S: She is the mother.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 4. Eliminate sexual
stereotyping

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 A. Use the same term for both sexes
when it comes to profession or
employment
T: salesman, stewardess
S: sales person/agent, flight
attendant

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 B. Using gender fair terms in lexical
terms

T: sportsmanship,
gentlemanliness
S: highest ideals of fair play,
respectfulness

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 C. Women and men in parallel
manner

T: I pronounce you man and

wife.
S: I pronounce you husband
and wife.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 D. Avoiding language that
reinforces stereotyping images

T: a man’s job, inang

pamantasan
S: a big job, pinagtapusang
pamantasan

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 E. Avoiding language that catches
attention to the sex role of
women and men
T: working mother, spinster
S: wage-earning mother/women
or mother working outside their
homes, unmarried women

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 5. Eliminate sexism when
addressing persons
formally.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 A. Using Ms. instead of Mrs. or
Miss even when the woman’s
marital status is unknown

T: Mrs. dela Cruz, Miss dela

Cruz
S: Ms. dela Cruz

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 B. Using a married woman’s FN
instead of her husband’s

T: Mrs. Dino Santos

S: Ms. Ana Marie Santos

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 C. Using corresponding titles for
females

T: Dra. Connie Lacson

S: Dr. Connie Lacson

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 D. Using the title of the job or
group in letters to unknown
persons
T: Dear Sir, Dear Ma’am
S: Dear GAD Officer, Dear
Credit Manager, Dear
Colleague

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 6. Consider the fact that
sexuality and genders are
diverse and by not being
cautious with the way you
write, speak or
communicate, you may
offend anyone.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 ALMOST THERE…
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER Tools of analysis on
Gender Issues
socially-determined/learned behavior
FRAMEWORK
SOCIAL AUTHORITIES OF INTERVENTION
that perpetuate culture WELFARE
GENDER ACCESS
CHURCH ISSUES
STATE that promote CONSCIENTIZATION
FAMILY INEQUALITY PARTICIPATION
SCHOOL EXPLOITATION CONTROL
MEDIA & counter-dev’t
MAINSTREAMING
--w/c created and nurtured an INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
GENDER BIAS for Gender & Development
MARGINALIZATION beneficiaries
stakeholders awareness-
SUBORDINATION raising
VAWC priorities WIP
programs
STEREOTYPING commitment infrastructure
MULTIPLE BURDEN political will resources/budget
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
Development for ALL!
 UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER EQUALITY

Equality refers to similarity of

treatment as it is legally,
constitutionally and divinely given.
It is a fundamental right.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER EQUITY
Equity refers to a fair sharing of
resources, opportunities and
benefits according to a given
framework.
Equity is often viewed as a favour,
whereas equality is a fundamental
right.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER
EQUALITY
THROUGH
GENDER
EQUITY

IsIsit itTHE
Is EQUAL?
the
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
FAIR?
SAME? IsIsit itTHE
Is EQUAL?
the FAIR?
SAME?
 Make it OUR story.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 Now Our Vision Is
To Have A Gender
Fair Society
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
Thank you so much!
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