Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Questions & Answers Book Second Edition Supplement to Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A Book D Levels |, Il and Ill Review Questions The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Questions & Answers Book Second Edition Supplement to Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A Book D Levels |, I! and III Review Questions ie American Society for Nopasctcine Testing, Inc.Copyright © 2010 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, ‘The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc, (ASNT) is not responsible for the authenticity or accuracy of information herein. Published opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect the opinion of ASNT. Products or services that are advertised or mentioned do not carry the endorsement or recommendation of ASNT. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by means electronic or ‘mechanical including photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the expressed prior written permission of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Ine. IRRSP, NDT Handbook, The NDT Technician and [Link] are trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. ACCP, ASNT, Level III Study Guide, Materials Evaluation, Nondestructive Testing Handbook, Research in Nondestructive Evaluation and RNDE are registered trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. first printing 1996 second printing with revisions 02/03 third printing 08/06 fourth printing with corrections 03/09 Second edition first printing OW/11 second printing 08/13 with corrections third printing 06/15 with correetions fourth printing 09/17 with corr ebook 09/17 Errata if available for this printing, may be obtained from ASNT’s web site, wwwaasntorg. ISBN-13: 978-1-S7117-214-3 (Print) ISBN-13: 978-1-$7117-248-8 (ebook) Printes the United States of America Published by: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Ine. 1711 Arlingate Lane Columbus, OH 43228-0518 wwwasntorg Bdited by: Cynthia M. Leeman, Educational Materials Supervisor Assisted by: Bob Conklin, Bducational Materials Editor ‘Tim Jones, Senior Manager of Publications ASNT Mission Statement: ASNT exists to create a safer world by promoting the profession and technologies of nondestructive testing.Contents Acknowledgments: Recommended References Reference Usage Level | Questions Level II Questions Questions s 17 27Wv Acknowledgments ASNT wishes to thank those who assisted with the update of this edition of the Supplement to Recommended to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant. Testing Method. The following contributors assisted with the review ofthis book including updating old questions, writing new questions, updating references: Gina Caudill Karl Fogleman William Milan David Moore Ron Oravec Luis Payano Robert Plumstead ‘Sam RobinsonRecommended References Liquid Penetrant Testing Method ‘The following references were used in formulating the questions contained in this book. ‘The following references were used in formulating the questions contained in this book. A* Moore, David G., technical editor, Patrick 0. Moore, editor, Nondestructive Testing Handbook, fourth edition: Volume 1, Liquid Penetrant Testing, Columbus, OH, American Sociely for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., 2016. B.* Badger, Duane, Liquid Penetrant Testing Classroom Training Book, Columbus, OH, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 2005. C.* Metals Handbook, ninth edition, Nondestructive Evaluation and Quality Control, Volume 17, Metals Park, OH, ‘American Society for Metals. 1989. * Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. Each question found in this book is followed by letter(s) and page number(s) indicating the specific recommended reference where the answer may be found. For example: 28. The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small openings such as cracks or fissures is: a. saturation ». capillary action ¢. blotting wetting agent c2t In this example, the letter “C” refers to Reference C in the list above and “21” is the specific page in Reference C where the answer to the question is located. * Avaliable from The American Socket fo Nondestructive Testing, neReference Usage Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Reference A: Total = 207 Reference C: Total= 1 Level 94 Level | Levelt! 61 Level ° Level i 54 Level il ° Reference B: Total = 24 Level | 15 Level It 8 Level Il 1Level | Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 2 Level I Questions Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 1, Which one of the following conditions will affect the rate and the extent a liquid penetrant will enter cracks, fissures and other small openings? 4 the hardness ofthe specimen being tested b. the surface condition of the specimen being tested the color of the penetrant 4. the conductivity of the specimen being tested A188, 185, 2. Which of the following is a commonly -_ used classification for penetrant? a. post-emulsifiable penetrant . nonferrous penetrant c. chemical etch penetrant 4. nonaqueous penetrant Aso 3. A generally accepted method for removing excess nonwater-washable penetrant is: a. repeatedly dipping the test specimen ina cleaner . soaking the test specimen in hot detergent water blowing the excess penetrant off the surface of the part with compressed <4. wiping and cautiously cleaning the test specimen with a cleaner Alf the following parts can be tested by the liquid penetrant method except a. aniiron casting ». an aluminum forging ©. a part made from a porous plastic material 4. a part made from a nonporous material Aaa, 49 Which ofthe following discontinuities can be found by the penetrant test method? a surface crack a subsurface crack an internal inclusion none of the above Aas Which of the following is generally the ‘more acceptable method for cleaning parts prior to penetrant testing? sand blasting wire brushing grinding vapor degreasing A9, 187, 191, All of the following methods are commonly used to clean parts prior to penetrant testing except: dampened cloth a. vapor degreasing Aso ». liquid solvent ©. power wire brushing 4. alkaline cleaner ~ Aso1, 194 a PO SCE2 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Cutting oils may be effectively removed 12. from parts before penetrant testing by: preheating ‘vapor degreasing ‘washing with water all ofthe above aas4 ‘The most common type of contaminant in fluorescent penetrant fluid is 13. metal flings oil detergents (from cleaning) water Aa20 Ultraviolet light, with a proper functioning filter in place, used for fluorescent penetrant inspection can 4. cause permanent damage to: a. human tissues b. human eyes ©. human blood cells 4. none of the above ‘24, 268, 280, All of the following basic inspection principles apply to the visible penetrant methods except: a. the penetrant must enter the 15, discontinuity in order to form an indication . indications glow when illuminated with an ultraviolet light c. allonger penetration time is required for smaller discontinuities 4. if the penetrant is washed out of the discontinuity, an indication will not Subsurface discontinuities can be best detected by: 4. the post-emulsifcation penetrant method . the visible dye penetrant method. the fluorescent, water-washable penetrant method 4. none of the above aaa Water-washable penetrants may be applied by: brushing spraying dipping all of the above aa ‘The first step in conducting a liquid penetrant test on a surface that has been painted is to: carefully apply the penetrant over the surface ». completely remove the paint thoroughly wash the surface with a detergent 4. wire brush the surface to roughen the smooth surface coating of paint as When using a post-emulsification penetrant, itis necessary to apply the emulsifier: before applying the penetrant after the water-wash operation after the dwell time has elapsed after the development time has elapsed be formed by that discontinuity ASO, 57 AAT49 OST arTs eplPet =| Per] =e arv ee eporiae ane nen taalLevel | Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 3 16, When conducting a water-washable 20, Usually, the most desirable method of liquid penetrant test, the wet developer removing excess water-washable is applied: penetrant after the dwell time is by using: a. immediately after the penetrant has been applied a. a low pressure coarse water spray b. immediately before the penetrant is b. water and brush applied &. a solid stream of water . after removal of the penetrant water and clean rags . after removal of the emulsifier 56,65 Ase 21, When conducting a liquid penetrant test 17. ‘The term used to describe the action of a using a post-emulsifiable visible dye particular developer in soaking up the penetrant, the generally accepted penetrant in a discontinuity, s0 as to method for applying the wet developer is cause the maximum bleedout of the by: liquid penetrant for increased contrast and sensitivity, is knovn as a. brushing b. swabbing a. blotting ©. dipping. b. capillary action 4d. spraying . concentration as 4. attraction ast 22, Which of the following characteristics does not apply to liquid penetrant 18, Using an ultraviolet light lamp with a testing? cracked filter oF without the filter in place can cause damage to human eyes a. this method can accurately measure because the lamp emits: the depth of a crack or discontinuity b. this method can be used for on-site a. black light testing of large parts b. ultraviolet light &. this method can be used to find c. infrared light shallow surface discontinuities 4. none of the above 4. this method can be made more or azet less sensitive by using different penetrant materials B24 19. The term used to define the period of time in which the tet partis covered with penetrant is 23, Which of the following discontinuities is most likely to be missed due to improper a. waiting time rinse techniques? b. soak time (drain time) ©. penetration time (dwell time) a. a forging lap 4. bleed in time b. deep pitting AAT «. shallow and broad discontinuities 4. the rinse technique will not affect the detection of discontinuities Ass a a‘Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 24. Which of the following surface conditions could have a detrimental effect on a liquid penetrant test? a wet surface a rough weld an oily surface all ofthe above ane 25. Liquid penetrant testing is capable of detecting a. subsurface intergranular stress corrosion cracking discontinuities b. discontinuities open to the surface ©. subsurface discontinuities 4. lack of fusion (subsurface) aaa 26. Ultraviolet light equipment is required when penetrant testing by: the fluorescent penetrant method the visible dye penetrant method the nonfluorescent penetrant method all of the above 49,75 27, The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small ‘openings such as cracks or fissures is saturation - capillary action blotting welting agent pose ast 08 28. Excess penetrant (all penetrant except that which is in discontinuities) is removed from the specimen: . after the required penetrant dwell, time has elapsed b. before the application of an emulsifier if post-emulsifier penetrant is used . by means of a steam cleaner 4. only when water-washable penetrants are used Aso 29. When using a post-emulsiiable penetrant, the emulsifier time should be: a. as long as the penetrant dwell time . half the penetrant dwell time © the same as the developer time 4. only as long as necessary to remove the interfering background ast 30. When an inspector is working in a darkened area, he/she should become adjusted to the dark before inspecting Parts. The generally accepted minimum time period for becoming accustomed to the dark is: & I min to 5 min b. Smin to 10 min © 10min to 15 min no waiting period is necessary |A23, 269270 31. Liquid penetrant inspection cannot find: surface porosity surface cracks an internal cavity a surface forging lap poee ore POE Pez eee lz eozSCGESSCLevel | Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 5 32, _Allof the following materials can be 36, Which of the statements below best tested by the usual liquid penetrant tests states the danger of sandblasting except (without subsequent chemical etching) for cleaning surfaces to be penetrant a. unglazed porous ceramic tested? b. titanium . high alloy steel a. the discontinuities may be peened 4. cast iron over and closed 48,138 b. oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities c. the sand used in the sandblasting 33. Liquid penetrant testing can be used to operation may be forced into the detect discontinuity 4. the sandblasting operation may a. discontinuities 1.6 mm (0.06 in.) introduce discontinuities below the surface as98 b. internal discontinuities . discontinuities open to the surface 4, all discontinuities 37, The penetrant applied to the surface of a 5859, 102 test specimen: a. seeps into discontinuities 34, Which of the following are commonly b. is absorbed by discontinuities accepted methods for applying . is drawn into discontinuities by penetrant? capillary action 4. is drawn into discontinuities by a. dipping the part in penetrant gravity (dipping) aso b. pouring the penetrant over the test specimen (flowing) . spraying the penetrant on the test 38, Which of the following statements specimen (spraying) concerning liquid penetrant testing is 4. all ofthe above correct? Bas a, fluorescent penetrants will produce red against white discontinuity 35. A solvent used to clean the surface of a indications test specimen must possess all ofthe b. nonfluorescent penetrants require following characteristics except that the: the use of ultraviolet lights «. fluorescent indications will be seen a, cleaner must be capable of dissolving ‘when exposed to ultraviolet light oils and greases commonly found on 4. nonfluorescent discontinuities glow the surface in the dark for easy viewing and b. cleaner must not be flammable interpretation €. cleaner must be free of excessive nao contaminants 4. cleaner must leave a minimal residue on the surface as97-98 oe «LE EOCSE:SOCiE:COC«CE:C*«E& Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-LA (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 39. When removing excess penetrant from 42. the surface of a test specimen: the penetrant removal operation must not remove the penetrant from discontinuities sufficient excess penetrant must be removed to eliminate an interfering background the use of a solvent-dampened cloth isa common method of penetrant removal Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye penetrants over fluorescent penetrants? a. visible dye penetrants do not require ultraviolet light, b. visible dye penetrants are more sensitive than fluorescent penetrants . visible dye penetrants are superior in penetrating characteristics 4. visible dye penetrants are not toxic while fluorescent penetrants are toxic 4. allof the above 833 A02, 171 43. ‘The terms dry, aqueous wet and 40. ‘The most widely accepted method for nonaqueous wet are used to describe removing excessive water-washable three different types of penetrant from the surface of atest specimen is by: a. emulsifiers b. cleaners a. usinga wet rag & developers b. using a water spray rinse 4. penetrants ‘washing the part directly under water Asis running from a tap 4 immersing the part in water 845 44. Which of the following is not a generally accepted method for applying penetrants? 41, The final inspection ofa test specimen for discontinuities should take place: ‘rubbing the penetrant over the surface 4. immediately after the developer has », brushing the penetrant on the part been applied ©. spraying the penetrant on the part . any time after the developer has been 4. dipping the part in the penetrant applied eas «. after the developer has been on the test specimen for the proper development time 43. Which of the following is the most 4. immediately after the rinse operation commonly used method for removing Bas nonwater-washable visible dye penetrant from the surface of atest specimen? dipping in a solvent . spraying hand wi 4. blowing B36 i ~Level | Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 7 ~ 6. ‘method for applying wet developers? a. application with a soft brush . application with a hand powder bulb rubbing with a saturated cloth spraying or dipping ea7 47. When using solvent removable penetrants, the excess penetrant maybe 51 removed by: dipping the part in solvent spraying the part with water and a solvent rubbing the part with a wet rag 4. wiping the part with a rag or cloth that has been lightly moistened with Which of the following is an acceptable 50, Before conducting aliquid penetrant test it is important to ensure thatthe surface of the parti ree of oil or grease acids or chromates traces of water all of the above Asg04123 When performing a penetrant test using post-emulsifcation penetrant, which of the following is the most critical with respect to proper timing? ‘dwell time developing time emulsification time drying time solvent 6364 as 52. Which of the following is the most likely 48. While conducting a penetrant test, all of result of an excessive emulsification time > the following health precautions should when penetrant testing with post- be applied except: emulsification penetrants? washing any excess penetrant from a. large number of nonrelevant skin using gasoline indications could appear on the pact b. washing any penetrant from skin b. shallow discontinuity indications with soap and water as soon as could be lost possible © excess penetrant could remain after ©. keeping penetrant off clothes the wash operation 4. keeping the work area clean 4. the emulsifier could harden, 29 preventing the developer from blotting the penetrant in discontinuities 49. Which of the following surface Aer contaminants cannot be removed by cleaning parts in a vapor degreaser? 53. Inpenetrant testing, developers should a. grease be able to perform all of the following b. rust functions except: c. heavy oil 4. soluble oil a. blotting penetrant from A956 discontinuities b. aiding in providing an image of a discontinuity adding fuorescence to penetrants 4. helping control bleedout >» Aro 96S «@S——«OTS~«OS GSC8 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 54, Which of the following isthe primary 58. Which ofthe following isa type of, limitation of tiquid penetrant testing? developer used in penetrant inspection? 4 penetrant testing cannot locate a dry subsurface discontinuities b. aqueous particulate b. penetrant testing cannot locate © nonaqueous particulate shallow surface discontinuities 4. all ofthe above © penetrant testing cannot be used on Bas nonmetallic surfaces 44. penetrant testing cannot be used on ferromagnetic material 59. When penetrant testing parts, the ast temperature of the parts should be near room temperature. Ifthe part is ata low temperature when tested, the: 55. In penetrant testing, the time period from developer application to inspection a._penetrant may become viscous is often referred to as the: ’. penetrant may evaporate very rapidly . color intensity of the penetrant will a. emulsification time decrease . development time 4. penetrant will end to adhere to the © dwell time surface of the part 4. none of the above Asse Asr 60. Ifa part to be penetrant tested is hot, the 56. Liquid penetrant testing is a penetrant: nondestructive test that can be used for a may become viscous 4. locating and evaluating all types of b, may reduce sensitivity to small discontinuities in a test specimen defects b. locating and determining the length, © may lose some of its color brilliance width, and depth of discontinuities in may evaporate atest specimen ats determining the tensile strength of a test specimen 4. locating discontinuities open to the 61. Penetrants may be classified or surface subdivided by the method used to att remove excess penetrant. Which of the following isa proper classification in accordance with this statement? 57. When conducting a penetrant test using. fluorescent penetrant, ultraviolet light a nonsolvent removable equipment is required to: b. vapor degreased ©. water-washable a. cause the penetrant to fluoresce 4. brush removable b. aid the normal capillary action Aso characteristics of a penetrant © neutralize excess penetrant on the surface 4. decrease the surface tension of the part 60 219 -POO «6S ~—CPRS CS ~CPOG Gg esLevel | Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 9 62. The problem with retesting a test 6, specimen with fluorescent penetrants that has been previously tested using visible dye liquid penetrant is that: 1 the penetrant may form beads on the surface b. the penetrant left in discontinuities ‘may be misleading when the specimen is retested the penetrant will lose a great deal of its color brilliance 4. residue can diminish or destroy fluorescent indication brightness Aso 66. 63. Which of the following conditions will decrease the life of an ultraviolet light bulb? a. line voltage fluctuations . dust on the face of the bull changes in room temperature 4. allof the above A283 64, Which of the following statements does not apply to developers used during penetrant testing? 07. a. developers are normally highly fluorescent b. developers often furnish a contrasting background during inspection developers absorb or blot the penetrant that remains in discontinuities after the rinse ‘operation has been completed 4. developers may be either wet or dry ast Which of the following statements is. true? a. sandblasting isa generally accepted ‘method for cleaning a surface that is to be penetrant tested ’. patts should be heated prior tothe application of a penetrant . if the dryer is too high, the heat may degrade the effectiveness of water- washable penetrants 4. development time should be at least twice the penetration time asr When using a wet developer: a. a thick layer of developer is better than a thin layer for showing very fine cracks '. compressed air should be used to remove excess developer . black developer will show better contrast than a white developer 4. athin layer of developer is better than a thick layer for showing very fine cracks Aaa Which of the following statements is false? a. sandblasting is not a recommended ‘method for preparing for a penetrant test b. itis not necessary to remove a film of cil from a part prior to penetrant testing because the penetrant is basically an oil vapor degreasing is a very good method for removing oil from the surface ofthe part to be penetrant tested 4. a voltage regulator should be used ‘with an ultraviolet light ifthe line voltage fluctuates 186-486 as p99 59a.10 _ Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 68, 69. a A red against white background discontinuity image is most likely to be seen when: a. dry developers are used b. visible dye penetrants are used fluorescent post-emulsification penetrants are used 4. wet developers are used aso ‘The purpose for using a developer on a test specimen is to: . promote penetration of the penetrant b. absorb emulsifier residues . provide a blotting action to draw ppenetrant from discontinuities and to provide a contrasting background 4d. help to dry the surface for better observation ast Which one of the following statements is ‘an incorrect use of crack panels (blocks)? @ tocestablish a standard size of crack that can be reproduced as needed b. to determine the relative sensitivities of two different penetrants ©. to determine ifa penetrant has lost or has reduced brilliance on fluorescent penetrants because of contamination 4 to determine the degree or method of cleaning necessary to remove penetrant on the surface without ‘removing it from the cracks B6768 Which ofthe following is generally accepted as the most important precaution when using water-washable Penetrants? be sure thatthe partis washed thoroughly during the rinse operation b. be sure thatthe recommended dwell time is not exceeded €. avoid over-rinsing the part 4. avoid over-application of emulsifier B35 n. 7, 74, Which of the following is generally accepted as the most important precaution when using solvent removable penetrants? @ do not apply an excessive amount of emulsifier . do not apply an excessive amount of solvent donot use an insufficient rinse pressure 4. be sure (o use an ultraviolet light to determine if the excess penctrant has been rinsed away 246 Insufficient rinsing of fluorescent penetrants will result in: a. subsequent corrosion of the surface b. difficulty inthe application of developer © excessive bleedout 4. excessive background fluorescence a9 Which of the following safety precautions does not apply when hhandling penetrant materials? 4. prolonged contact of penetrant with skin should be avoided because the cil or solvent base may cause skin invitation b. excessive amounts of developer powders should not be inhaled . air line respirators and complete protective clothing must be worn at all times 4. because the solvents used with the visible penetrant process are flammable, this material should be kept away from open flames 8990 FL PeL WL TLOL DaaLevel | Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 14 75. Which of the following factors will affect 79, The failure to completely remove acid resolution of penetrant indications? materials from a part before fluorescent penetrant is applied will esult in: athe sensitivity ofthe penetrant materials used contamination of the penetrant b. the surface condition ofthe part materials the temperature ofthe part and/or b. anced to double the penetrating time penetrant €. apermanent stain on the part 4. allofthe above d. allofthe above 56157 Asso 76. A serious oss of water in a wet 80. When drying parts during a penetrant developer mix or an excessive test, the parts: overconcentration of developer powder can cause: 4. are normally dried at room temperature 4 alloss of fluorescence during the b. are normally dried by a circulating inspection operation hot-air dryer ». nonrelevant indications © should be dried in an oven set ata € cracking of the developer coating temperature of 54°C (130 °F) uring the drying operation 4. should be dried by coo! forced air 4. none of the above azsT asm 81. ‘The contamination of a water-washable 77. What could happen if person looks penetrant with an excessive amount of Airectly into an ultraviolet light? water will: a it will cause permanent damage to a reduce the penetrating quality ofthe the eyes penetrant b. itwill possibly cloud the vision of the b. adversely affect the washability ofthe person looking into the light for a penetrant short period of time € both aand b are correct it will cause temporary total 4. neither a nor b are correct blindness Aaz0 4. none of the above A268 82. Which of the following penetrant methods is generally used for portable 78. When using dry developer, the drying field inspections? operation is performed: ‘a. the water-washable fluorescent a. Immediately after removal of excess penetrant method penetrant b. the post-emulsification fluorescent b. before the inspection step penetrant method ©. thoroughly the solvent removable penetrant a. allof the above method Asos7 4. none of the above ass 28 oe «GOR GLSCRLSSCLLSCOLSCGL,32 _ Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 83. 84. 86, When using a fluorescent penetrant, the actual inspection must be performed a. ima brightly lighted room . with the part at a temperature between 10°C and 79 °C (50 °F and 175°F) © immediately after the developer has been applied d._ ina darkened area under an ultraviolet light, bas Which of the following penetrants can be used when inspection must take place under ordinary lighting conditions? a. visible dye penetrant , water-washable fluorescent penetrant © post-emulsification fluorescent Penetrant . any of the above aso7 Which of the following isa disadvantage of using the liquid penetrant testing ‘method? 4 the liquid penetrant test method is adaptable to production inspection of small parts b. liquid penetrant testing can locate fine cracks © the liquid penetrant test method isa relatively simple test method 4. the liquid penetrant test method is not effective at all temperatures Asse A good penetrant must do all of the following except a. beable to readily penetrate very fine openings b. evaporate very rapidly beable to remain in relatively coarse 87, Which of the following is nota property of a developer used in liquid penetrant testing? a. the material must be absorbent . the material must form a thin and uniform coating over a surface the material must be fluorescent if uused with fluorescent penetrants 4. the material must not contain ingredients harmful or toxic to the operator as? 88. Developer coatings of excessive thickness: 2 may obscure indications . may be beneficial while observing small indications for fluorescent Penetrants © may be beneficial while observing small indications for visible penetrants 4. do not effect the inspection am, 89. Color contrast penetrants are commercially available in which of the following variations? a. normal solvent clean type b. water wash type ©. post-emulsification type 4. all ofthe above asost 90. Which of the following could be a source of false indications on a test specimen? a. residue from previous liquid penetrant testing ‘machining oil scale, rust and corrosion 4. allofthe above openings Asse 4. be easily removed from the surface after testing age Pos Pes eee Lee PGB ere peeLevel | Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 43 91. Cleaning of the part prior to penetrant 95. A good commercial penetrant should inspection is: have a a. not required a. low flash point b. important because ifthe part is not . high flash point clean, the developer cannot be medium flash point improperly applied 4. flash point is nota factor to be . essential because surface considered contaminants may prevent penetrant Aso from gaining access to discontinuities 4. required to eliminate possibility of showing nonrelevant indications 96, A material that is applied over the film A189 of the penetrant on the surface ofa part, mixes with the penetrant, and enables the penetrant to be washed off the 92. When using fluorescent water-washable surface is called: ppenetrant, adequate rinsing ofthe partis assured by: a. an emulsifier b. a penetrant a. timing of rinse cycle © adeveloper b. scrubbing of part surface 4. an isomer © rinsing under ultraviolet light Aso 4. using high pressure air with water As 97. ‘The time allowed for the penetrant to center discontinuities that may be present 93. What can happen ifa part processed by isthe: visible dye penetrant inspection is reprocessed by the fluorescent penetrant a. emulsification time method? b. application time dwell time a developer may remain on the surface 4. drain time ‘causing background As ». most visible dyes diminish or destroy fluorescence ¢. penetrants are not compatible 98. Which ofthe following penetrant 4. interpretation wil be difficult systems is generally considered to be the ass7 ‘most sensitive? a. water-washable ~ visible dye 94, A suitable filter must be used at al times b. solvent removable ~ visible dye over an ultraviolet light bulb because: © water-washable - fluorescent dye 4. post-emulsification - fluorescent dye a. too much white light will be present ‘Avi, 5054 if the filter is not in place b. the human eye may be damaged without it the filter filters out undesired wave lengths 4. all of the above A268 Pes L685 SGCGSCEGCSC«GSC«T14 ‘Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): iquid Penetrant Testing Method 99. The best choice of a developer for use on 104. Which of the following processes would avery smooth surface when using a bbe most sensitive to detecting very fine Ny fluorescent penetrant would be: defects? a. dry fluffy a. oil-and-whiting process b. dry = regular b. water-washable process c wet . post-emulsification process d. none of the above 4. water emulsifiable visible dye Asto penetrant process Aso 100. The purpose of an emulsifier isto: 105. When using the post-emulsifcation 4. combine with the penetrant to make fluorescent process, which of the the resultant mixture removable by a following methods cannot be used? water rinse b. assist the blotting action of the ‘4 dipping the part in the emulsifier developer b. spraying the part with emulsifier increase the penetration of the © pouring emulsifier over the part penetrant into fine discontinuities 4. brushing emulsifier on the part 4. eliminate false indications 850 Aso 106, Which of the following would be the 101. Developer assists in the detection of. ‘most desirable center wavelength for the visible liquid penetrant indications by output of the light source used in fluorescent processes? a. providing a clean surface a b. providing a contrasting background. a. 320mm © providing a dry surface b, 365mm 4. emulsifying the penetrant ©. 520mm aro 4.565 nm A276, 279, 283, 102. Liquid penctrant examination can detect all ofthe following types of 107, Bieedout of penetrant from a cold shut is discontinuities except: an example of a. a forging lap a atrue indication b. aseam . anonrelevant indication a surface crack © false indication 4. subsurface porosity 4. none of the above 12,48 823,53 103. What is the most universally used tltraviolet light? a. incandescent lamps b. metallic carbon ares . tubular BL fluorescent lamps 4. enclosed mercury-vapor arc lamps Azat w~ PLOT GOT SOT SPOT —PEOT Zor —aTOT eOOT 066Level | Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 45 MP) 108. Liquid penctrants become sluggish at 110, Which ofthe items listed below is a temperatures: disadvantage of using the liquid penetrant test method? a. above 38 °C (100 °F) b. between 10°C and 38 °C (50°F and 1. the method cannot find 10°F) discontinuities that are not openedl to €. below 10 °C (50°F) the surface 4. below 21 °C (70°F) ’. the method is simple in principle and 158; 8.60 relatively easy to understand the method is essentially simple in application 109. Why is it possible to flush a surface with 4. there are few limitations on the size a coarse water spray to which a water- and shape of the article that can be ‘washable penetrant was applied, eemove treated by this method. the excessive penetrant, and not remove Aas the penetrant that is in the defects? 4. the liquid will not wash the penetrant from the defects because the penetrant has to be drawn out by the developer b. the nature of a water-washable penetrant is such that water will not dissolve the penetrant; it has to push the penetrant off the surface, which is why a spray is used " . the water droplets are relatively large and will not enter most defect openings 4. a water spray should not be used: the penetrant should be removed by a cloth dampened with water Actes POTT 960F BT16 ‘Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing MethodLevel Il Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 47 Level II Questions Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Which of the following physical properties, more than any other, determines what makes a material a good penetrant? viscosity surface tension wetting ability no one single property determines if a material will or will not be a good penetrant 84, 97-401 Which of the following types of discontinuities cannot be detected by the liquid penetrant test method? surface laminations internal forging bursts surface cracks surface laps nas, 149 Which of the following types of discontinuities could be classified as a primary processing discontinuity often 2, The speed with which a penetrant found in cast material? penetrates a surface flaw is influenced to the greatest extent by which of the a. fatigue crack following properties? b. stress corrosion crack © porosity a. capillary action 4, lack of penetration b. surface tension and wettability A169, 178 viscosity a. density aso Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a finishing processing discontinuity? 3. Which of the statements below applies to the liquid penetrant method of a. fatigue crack testing? Bb. stress corrosion crack lamination the penetrant test method is less d. heat-treat crack flexible than the eddy current test 76,497 method . the penetrant test method is less reliable than the magnetic particle Which of the following discontinuities ‘method for finding surface defects in could be classified as a service induced ferromagnetic materials discontinuity? the penetrant test method will not detect fatigue cracks a. fatigue crack the penetrant test method is more b. porosity. reliable than radiographic testing machining tear when attempting to detect minute lap surface discontinuities Asse aaa Pe OS)YESCS*C«18 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 10. LL. 2 All of the following methods are 1B, recommended to remove grease from the surface of a penetrant test specimen except vapor degreasing alkaline cleaning cleaning with solvent type material hot water rinsing finer A195 M4. ‘The penetrant indication for a cold shut on the surface of a casting will be a dotted or smooth continuous line cluster of small indi rough deep ing large bulbous indication za ‘The penetrant indication of a forging lap 15. will normally be a round or nearly round indication cluster of indications continuous line |. dotted line 223 When conducting a penetrant test, 16, spherical indications on the surface of a part could be indicative of: fatigue cracks porosity weld laps hot tears 223 Penetrant developer is commonly available in all of the following forms except: Which ofthe following isa possible cause for false penetrant indications? a. excessive washing. b. inadequate application of developers ¢. penetrant or part too cold during penetration time 4. lint or dirt 820 Developer assists in the detection of penetrants retained in discontinuities by aiding the: post-cleaning process emulsification process bleedout process drying process Am, 75 Developer assists in the detection of the visible dye penetrant test indications by: providing a clean surface providing a contrasting background Providing a dry surface emulsifying the penetrant bleedout ‘A70 ‘When using post-emulsification penetrants, difficulties incurred during the washing operation can be overcome by: a. reapplying a coating of emulsifier ‘b. increasing the water pressure used during the washing operation completely reprocessing the part from surface preparation on and by using a longer emulsifier time, if allowed 4. dipping the part in boiling water aso a. dry developer b. nonaqueous developer c. wet developer 4. high viscosity developer As62 oot GGL =«OPESSCEEPetSSCETSCOOTSGSSCLevel ll Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 19 D) 7. Which ofthe following methods for 21. When performing a liquid penetrant test applying nonaqueous developer is using solvent removable visible dye normally considered the most effective? penetrant, there are several ways to Femove excess penetrant from the a. spraying surface of the part, Which of the D. swabbing ‘methods listed below is generally brushing regarded as most suitable for giving . dipping accurate test results? ama a. squirting solvent over the surface with no more than 276 kPa (40 psi) 18, Of the methods listed below, the most pressure effective means of precleaning a test . wiping with a soaking wet cloth, then item to remove organic contaminants ‘wiping with a dry cloth such as grease prior to a penetrant test © wiping with a solvent dampened is: cloth, then wiping with dry cloths <. wiping with dry paper wipes, then a. vapor degreasing ‘wiping with a solvent dampened b detergent cleaning cloth, and finally wiping with dry & hot water rinse dloti 4. solvent wiping aso Aa9s 22, Prior tothe penetrant testing of a 19, Fluorescent materials used in fluorescent previously machined soft metal part, Penetrants respond most actively to hich ofthe cleaning methods listed radiant energy with a wavelength of below would best remove any smeared approximately: metal that could mask discontinuities? a. 700 nm a. etching b. 250kV b. shot peening © 365 nm alkaline cleaning 1 Rlx (100 f) 4. water cleaning with detergents 26,279, 283 49, 18788 20. Emulsifier time: 23. Why is the drying process used in penetrant testing? a is important but not normally critical b. is the time needed to rinse the 4 the drying process is used to ensure emulsifier and excess penetrant from that all excess penetrant will the surface evaporate © is extremely important and will b. the drying process ensures the greatly affect test results uniform drying of dry developer 4. should be as long as economically applied over a wet emulsifier practical © the drying process reduces As7 penetration time 4, after the application ofa wet developer, the drying process aids in securing a uniform developer coating A374 Pec eee) Pte Oz «CSE wet ere20 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 24, Which of the following reasons best 28, Which of the following statements describes why excessive drying of a part concerning contaminating materials on should be avoided? the surface of a penetrant test specimen is false? the extra time required is wasted b. the developer may lose its blotting a. the contaminant may be of a ability ‘composition that attacks the ©. a reduction in fluorescent brilliance penetrant and reduces the may result fluorescence or color of the penetrant 4. the excess developer may be difficult b. the contaminant may reduce or even to remove prevent capillary action by the ara penetrant ©. the contaminant may retain the penetrant and thus increase the 25. Which of the following variables must sensitivity of the inspection be considered to use the time required 4. the contaminant may completely fill for an indication to develop as a the crack and thus prevent the entry measure of the extent of the of penetrant discontinuity? ass a. the type of penetrant and sensitivity of technique 29. ‘The function of the emulsifier in the b. the type of discontinuity post-emulsification penetrant method is the temperature of the material being to: tested 4. all ofthe above more rapidly drive the penetrant into Asse59 deep, tight cracks b. react with the surface penetrant to 26. When using a fluorescent, post ‘make the penetrant water-washable ‘emulsifiable penetrant, the length of ©. add fluorescent dye or pigment to the time the emulsifier is allowed to remain peneteant ‘on the parti critical when detecting 4. provide a coating to which dry shallow scratchlike discontinuities. The powcler developer can adhere actual length of time should be 50 a 10s b. 5s 30. When penetrant testing for shallow © 2t03s discontinuities using a post- 4. determined by experimentation ‘emulsification penetrant, the 66-68 emulsification time should be long enough to: 27, Water-washable liquid penetrants differ a. mix the emulsifier with the excess from post-emulsfication penetrants in surface penetrant only that water-washable penetrants: ». mix the emulsifier with all the penetrant on the surface and in a can only be used on aluminum test discontinuities specimens © mix the emulsifier with penetrant in 'b. do not need to be removed from the discontinuities surfaces prior to development 4. allow the emulsifier to dry out to a have a soapy base white powder 4. do not need the application of an aor emulsifier before rinsing Ags ee Gz «R~SCLE:~SC«GESCGESC> Level II Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 24. 31. Which of the following practices should 35. Which ofthe following characteristics be avoided when performing a penetrant are normally considered when selecting test? the type of penetrant to be used in a penetrant test. a. applying emulsifier by dipping the part in emulsifier 2. removal characteristics ofthe b. applying developer by spraying the penetrant part with developer b. sensitivity level removal of water-washable penetrant . the cost of the penetrant with a water spray 4d. allof the above 4. applying emalsifier with a brush, aot B50 36. Which materials should be avoided in 32. A commonly used method of checking the penetrant system when testing on the overall performance of aliquid titanium alloys? penetrant system is by a. carbon or oil 4 determining the viscosity of the b. halogenated solvents penetrant emulsifier or oil bb. measuring the wetability of the 4. fluorescent agents penetrant A985 ©. comparing sections of artificially cracked specimens 4. all of the above 37. Which of the following i a discontinui Asis that might be found in sand castings? incomplete penetration 33. An important difference between . undercut nonwater-washable penetrants and © pipe wwater-washable penetrants is that: 4. shrinkage Ass7146; 0.69 a, water-washable penetrants contain an emulsifier while nonwater~ washable penetrants do not 38 Which of the following is a discontinuity . the viscosity of the two penetrants is that might be found in a welded different fabrication? . the color ofthe two penetrants is different a. shrinkage 4. nonwater-washable penetrants are b. center bead erack, cracks in heat- more easily removed than water- affected zone, or crater cracks washable penetrants| seams Aso laps cso 34, Which of the following isa discontinuity that might be found in rolled bar stock? 39. Which of the following isa discontinuity that might be found in rolled plate? a. shrinkage b. bleedout a. laminations laps b. shrinkage 4d. undercut «. lack of fusion 49; 6550 d. undercut fe) a a cS22 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 40. Which ofthe following contaminants 44. Which ofthe following isan advantage could affect the sensitivity ofa ‘of visible dye penetrants over fluorescent penetrant? penetrants? a. acid 4 small indications are more easily seen b. water b. they can be used on anodized and © salts chromate surfaces 4. all of the above © they make less background on rough Asse surfaces 4. no special lighting is required Asa 41, Which of the following i a discontinuity ‘that might be found in a forging? 45. Which of the following is an advantage a. shrinkage eracks of solvent wipe methods aver water b. laps washing? © cold shuts 4. insufficient penetration & no special lighting is necessary asso during inspection b. they provide a quicker penetration of small openings 42. Which of the following is a discontinuity small indications are more easily seen that might be found in rolled plate 4. they can easily be carzied out in the stock? field and remote areas Ags a Inclusions b. laminations & forging laps 46, The tendency ofa liquid penetrant to 4. blow holes enter a discontinuity is primarily related asso to the 2. viscosity ofthe penetrant 43. Which of the following isan advantage b. capillary forces of fluorescent penetrants over visible chemical inertness ofthe penetrant type penetrants? 4. specific gravity ofthe penetrant a9 8 the inspection can be carried out in a ‘well lighted area small indications are more easly seen 47, The emulsifier is used: & they can be used where contact with water is objectionable a to wash the penetrant out of 4. they are less sensitive to discontinuities contamination of discontinuities b. to aid in washing off the surface of Aso Parts when using ether the water or oil soluble penetrants © to emulsify the ol soluble penetrant, thereby making it water washable 4. to preclean parts before applying penetrant aso ly 4B) «PSY «Phy say ath ane or> Level II Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 23 48. The prime purpose ofthe ultraviolet light ‘When improper processing causes for fluorescent penetrant inspection isto: inspection difficulties, what should the Inspector do? magnify indications b. make the indications visible a. swab parts witha solvent © develop indications b. use a correct bleedback procedure 4. speed up inspection erase nonrelevant fluorescence 60, 276 4. reprocess the part aan 49. Why Is it advisable to have an ultraviolet light installed at the wash station? Which ofthe following is mos likely to render the post-emulsification test 4 to check the effectiveness of the wash ineffective? oycle b. to speed the bleeding of penetrant athe penetrant time is too long out of defects b. the developing time is too long so inspection can be done without the emulsifying time is too long drying parts 4. none of the above 4. to determine if parts have been ast covered with penetrant 65, 66 Dry developer should be applied: 50. Developer powder should always be: a. so that a heavy coat of developer covers all surfaces a. highly fuorescent b. so thata light dusting covers all ». applied wet surfaces to be inspected «. colorless © with adry paint brush 4. evenly applied 4. by dipping ara Ars, 294 51. When viewing pars, fluorescent Which factor would apply in background may indicate determining the dwell time required for the penetrant tobe effective? a. poor washing b, insufficient emulsifying time (post- a type of discontinuity sought emulsification method) b. shape of part €. porous material and coating © size of part 4. allofthe above 4. surface roughness Asse aas7158 52. Inthe absence ofa written acceptance ‘The partisan aluminum forging criteria, rejection or acceptance of parts Description — the indication is sharp, should be based on the halfmoon shaped, not deep. Its called: a. inspector's education a alap b. design ofthe part and its intended b. centerline porosity application © aheat treat crack © appropriate penetrant standard 4. a false indication 4. selection of the penetrant aser Aste eS eS SSOHESSCPES:«CESSCPTG«SCpOS CGY we24 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 58, 59, 61 ‘The part isa 13 mm (0.5 in, thick aluminum plate with a V fasion weld. Description — the indication appears as a straight line. The indication is: shrinkage nonrelevant ‘a quench crack lack of fusion aaea ‘The partisan aluminum casting. Description — the casting has a very complex design. In one section, there is a flat area having a thickness of 32 mm (13 in). In the center ofthis area isa round section, 51 mm (2in,) thick and 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter. There are linear indications about one-half the distance around the base where it joins into the thin section. The indication is calle: a. dross b. hot tear c. microshrinkage a. porosity AAA7-248, 500; B63 Shrinkage cracks are usually found in what areas of a casting? thin sections only heavy sections only at abrupt changes in thickness no longer a problem pose ase2 Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in a forging? a. shrinkage crack b. lap hot tear casting 4. lamination Asso Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled bar stock? blow hole shrinkage lap crack oF seam, lack of penetration asso ‘The term nonrelevant indication is used to describe certain types of penetrant testing indications. Which of the following would be a typical nonrelevant indication? a. indications due to past geometry oF part design configurations nonmagnetic indications rmaltiple indications 4. nonlinear indications B21 ‘Which of the statements below best states the danger of using sandblasting for cleaning surfaces to be penetrant tested? a4. the discontinuities may be closed b. oil contaminants might be scaled in the discontinuities . the sand used in the sandblasting ‘operation may be forced into the discontinuity 4. the sandblasting operation may introduce discontinuities in the part 81346 A continuous linear indication can be caused by which of the following discontinuities? a. porosity ». slag inclusions . pitting cracks aass ps9 PFO a a a!Level I Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 25 66, 67. Which of the following could be a source of false indications on a test specimen? b, rh penetrant on the test table penetrant on the hands of the inspector contamination of dry or wet developer with penetrant all of the above aaraa72 [Link] type discontinuity will generally appear as: b. a round indication continuous line, either straight or jagged a straight, single solid line random round or elongated holes Asse 68, Which of the following discontinuities ‘would be impossible to detect using a liquid penetrant test? a forging lap acrater crack grinding cracks ‘nonmetallic internal inclusions ‘A153, 162:163, 167 p89 a9 p9926 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-LA (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing MethodLevel Ill Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 27 > Level III Questions Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 1, Chemical cleaners are often used for 4, With all other factors the same when very dirty, greasy parts. Fused: removing penetrant from the surface by spray water wash, penetrant in a crack a. the surface must be subsequently would be harder to remove if it has: cleaned with a solvent cleaner b. the surface must be thoroughly rinsed free of any residue heat must be used to ensure the ‘medium viscosity removal of any detergents from viscosity is not important surface openings ‘00 the surfaces must be subsequently cleaned with a volatile solvent cleaner A485 5. ‘The most desirable objectives governing the cleaning operations when removing surface penetrant are to remove: low viscosity high viscosity 2. Generally, vapor degreasing is ~ considered to be one of the best methods a. little penetrant from defects and of preparing a part for liquid penetrant leave a minimal of residual penetrant inspection because: remaining on the surface b. little penetrant from a defect and a. the solvent vapor removes all leave no residual penetrant petroleum based materials remaining on the surface b. it totally removes all surface © no penetrant from defects and leave a contaminants ‘minimal of residual penetrant on the . the method is easily adapted to part surface virtually any size of the part 4. no penetrant from defects and leave the solvent vapor removes all zo residual penetrant on the part inorganic soils surface A387, 195 Ass 3. When penetrant is applied to parts by 6, _The best method of removing the excess dipping, the parts should be: water-washable penetrant isto: ‘left in the tank during the entire a, immediately immerse the part in the dwell time water rinse tank b, set aside until the dwell time is up b. use water running directly from a tap placed on a rack designed to return <. boil in hot water or steam spray any excess drainage to the dipping. 4. use a hose and nozzle with a coarse station spray 4. placed in the alkaline solvent rinse Ass tank immediately > A23428 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 7. When removing excess post-emulsifiable 11, Removal of residual penetrant or penetrant in a production situation developer materials by a suitable post- involving relatively large irregularly ‘leaning technique is advantageous in shaped parts, you may use a: which of the following cases? a. coarse spray a. where it could interfere with b. strong water blast subsequent processes or with service ©. commercial solvent b. where it could provide a contrasting 4. hot water immersion background A758 where it could assist in the ‘emulsification of the penetrant bleedout 8. The sensitivity of wet developers can be 4, where it could assist in the lattice seriously impaired: structure breakdown A206 4. when the developer temperature is ‘greater than the ambient temperature ». when the thickness of the coating 12, Post-cleaning is particularly important becomes too heavy where residual penetrant or developer ©. ifthe corrosion inhibitors are added ‘materials may combine with other to the developer ‘terials in service to produce: 4. iftthe surface of the partis polished art a. false penetrant indications b. a contrasting background © corrosive action 9. When is a nonaqueous wet developer proper surface tension generally preferred? A208 a. when the dryer oven temperature is above 121 °C (250 °F) 13. Post-cleaning should be performed: '. when it is essential to use the most sensitive developers a a8 soon as possible ifthe material is when using a fluorescent penetrant susceptible to corrosion oon an as-cast surface D. after several hours because the drier 4. when using a fluorescent penetrant the materials are, the easier they ean on a wire brushed weld be wiped off 62, 110 ‘© with the part warm to enhance the solubility of penetrant material 44. with the part chilled to cause the 10. The best method of drying after the materials to lose their cohesion application of a wet developer is 8208-208 normally ‘blotting the surface gently with absorptive paper toweling b. allowing the part to dry slowly at o slightly below the ambient temperature rapid drying with a normal room temperature air blast 4. drying with circulating air at a ‘maximum of 71 °C (160 °F) Aaa, 446 eer (et TTCOT GSSLevel Ill Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 28 14, Ocular fluorescence should be 17. Which of the following is an advantage considered when arranging ultraviolet ‘of post-emulsiiable methods over water- lights for testing, because direct or ‘washable methods? reflected ultraviolet light shining into the inspector's eyes: the excess penetrant removal is accomplished by water spray could cause tissue damage b. they usually exhibit higher sensitivity b. is harmless and of no consequence to tight cracks even though temporary, can become . the overall test time is shortened extremely annoying and may impair A. their sensitivity is easier to control inspector effectiveness 50 4. even though annoying, it will not impair inspector effectiveness 77,266 18, When compared to other methods, which of the items below are disadvantages of water emulsifiable 15, Residual acids and chromates are Visible dye methods? detrimental to the fluorescent processes because: a. degree of sensitivity to acidity and alkalinity a. the fluorescent dyes may be b. portability decomposed, resulting in weak or © test time faint test indications 4. requirements of ordinary light b. acids and oxidizing agents react with Ast, 82 the fluorescent dyes only in the presence of water «. acids and oxidizing agents react with 19. ‘The type of penetrant to be used on an the fluorescent dyes only in the investment casting should be: presence of emulsifiers which are contained in water-wash penetrants . water-washable visible dye for 4. emulsifiers neutralize the effects of ‘maximum sensitivity and water- the acids and chromates ‘washabilty asat b. solvent removable because of size and shape ©. post-emulsifiable fluorescent for 416, Due to the nature of penetrant material, ‘maximum sensitivity and water- ‘most methods have which of the washability following adverse effects on operator 4. solvent removable for greater health? visibility Ass2384 a. penetrants are a hazard due to their inorganic base b. penetrant methods include materials which can cause dermatitis if proper 20, There isa variety of equipment available precautions are not observed for precleaning parts prior to penetrant © penetrant materials contain application. Of the following, the hallucinogens that can cause a sense recommended method for removing the of drunkenness oil phases, if practical, is: 4. modern penetrants have been improved to be virtually hazard free a. sand or grit blasters Ag9 b. solvent or chemical tanks vapor degreasers 4d. water detergent washing machines A187, 195 202 86k «BE ~CLT«CGST «ST «OPT30 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 25. A good penetrant must be: 21, IFmodular equipment has been obtained a. able to enter extremely fine surface for a penetrant inspection system using. openings fluorescent post-emulsfiable penetrant b. highly viscous and wet developer, the dryer should be © highly volatile placed: 4. an inorganic base liquid Ass a. after the developer tank b. before the emulsifier tank ¢. before the developer tank 26. Wetting ability is measured by the: 4. after the wash unit A238 a. specific gravity b. density ©. contact angle 22, Ina modular equipment system using a 4. surface tension water-washable fluorescent penetrant ag and dry developer, ultraviolet light should be available: 27. Which of the following functions does a a. at the penetrant station developer perform? b. at the wash station atthe developer station a blots the penetrant by drawing it out 4. after the oven cycle of discontinuities 239-204 b. masks out nonrelevant indications dries out the surface ofthe part 4. provides a noncontrasting 23. Filters for ultraviolet lights effectively background remove: Ast, 158 a. natural white light >, radiation of a wavelength above 30028. When inspeeting using fluorescent am penetrant methods, an indication will visible light from the energy given oft appear as a by the mercury are 4, fluorescence from the penetrant 4. soft white glow against a gray 252283 background b. brilliant yellow green glow against a white background 24. The use of 100 W spot bulbs witha plain . bright yellow green glow against a filter for color contrast penetrants black background produces: 4, brilliant yellow green glow against a deep violet blue background a. ahigh intensity narrow beam ere) . allarge amount of light over a large area © does not havea high maximum intensity in any one area 4. is ideal for inspecting large parts ‘A273, 289) pee ReHE:SCGESC«‘iSC*«‘ RE CSC*«‘iSC*«é a