Far Eastern University

INSTITUTE OF NURSING
NICANOR REYES ST., SAMPALOC, MANILA

BASIC CONCEPTS OF OXYGENATION: RESPIRATORY

FA 1.4
1. Name the process of gaseous exchange in the body: Respiration

2. Nose larynx, pharynx, lungs, trachea, and bronchi are the parts of the respiratory system:
True

3. Which of the ff. is NOT the function of the respiratory system? Protection against blood
loss

4. Which of this statement is TRUE for pulmonary respiration? Exchange of gases between
alveoli of lungs and the blood

5. Which of the ff. controls the normal breathing process? Dorsal respiratory group

6. Oxygen and hemoglobin bind in a reversible manner to form: Oxyhemoglobin

7. How many oxygen molecules bound to hemoglobin to give 50% saturation: 2

8. What is the name of the gland which secrete melatonin: Pineal gland

9. Gas exchange takes place in the: Alveoli

10. The area between the lungs is known as the: Mediastinum

FA 2.4
1. A female client is undergoing a complete physical examination as requirement for the
college. When checking the client's respiratory status, the nurse observes respiratory
excursion to help assess - Chest movements

2. A male client abruptly sits up in bed, reports having difficulty of breathing and has
arterial oxygen sat of 88%. Which mode of o2 delivery would most likely reverse the
manifestations - non rebreather mask

3. The nurse is teaching a male client with chronic bronchitis about breathing exercises.
Which of ff. should the nurse include in the teaching - use diaphragmatic breathing

4. A slightly obese female client with a history of allergy-induced asthma, hypertension,

and mitral valve prolapse is admitted to an acute care facility for elective surgery. The
nurse obtains a complete history and performs a thorough physical exam, paying special
attention to the cardio and respi system. When percussing the client's chest wall, the nurse
expects to elicit - resonant sounds
 5. Nurse Fatima is caring for a client after a bronchoscopy and biopsy. Which of the
following signs, if noticed in the client, should be reported immediately to the physician -
bronchospasm
FA 3.4
1. It bypasses the upper airway and the glottis, making stabilization, suction and the
attachment of respiratory equipment much easier than with other types of artificial
airways: Tracheostomy ( thoracostomy, thoracotomy, chest tube insertion)

2. It competitively blocks the effects of histamine at H1-receptor sites, has atropine-like,

antipruritic and sedative effects: Antihistamine (expectorants, bronchodilator, adrenergic
drugs)

3. Xanthines are classified as: Bronchodilators (Broncho constrictors, mucolytic,

expectorants)

4. They initiate a response at the adrenergic receptor sites and mimics the effects of
norepinephrine: Adrenergic drugs (corticosteroids, antimicrobials, antihistamines)

5. It is pressurized, hand held devices that use propellants to deliver doses of medication to
the lungs of the patients: Metered – dose inhalers (mechanical ventilation, nebulization,
oxygen therapy)

6. It is ordered for patients in acute respiratory distress, and is often used in intensive care
situations. Mechanical ventilation

7. It binds to intracellular corticosteroid receptors, thereby initiating many natural complex

reactions that are responsible for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
Steroids

8. It is the surgical creation of stoma, or opening into the trachea through the underlying
skin. Tracheostomy

9. It is a surgical incision into the trachea through overlying skin and muscles for airway
management. Tracheotomy

10. Chest tube insertion is also called; Thoracostomy

FA 4.4
1. When prone positioning is used in the care of a patient with acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), with information obtained by the nurse indicates that the positioning
is effective? - The patient’s PaO2 is 90 mm Hg, and the SaO2 is 92%

2. After receiving change of shift report, which patient will the nurse assess first?
A patient with Septicemia who has intercostal and suprasternal retractions /// 3 hours
 3. Which is a classical finding for a patient with ARDS? - Hypoxemia despite increased
oxygen administration

4. The most common early clinical manifestation of ARDS that the nurse may observe are:
Dyspnea and tachypnea

5. Maintenance of fluid balance in the patient with ARDS involves: Fluid restriction and
diuretics as necessary

6. Postural drainage with percussion and vibration is ordered BID for a patient with chronic
bronchitis. The nurse should: Carry out the procedure 3 hrs. after the patient eats.
FA 5.4
1. All of these orders are received for a patient having an acute asthma attack, which one
will the nurse administer first? Albuterol (Ventolin) 2.5 mg per nebulizer

2. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a persistent, mucus-producing cough in most days

of the month (…………..) in the absence of a secondary cause of the cough.
3 months of a year for 2 successive years

3. Narrowing of the airways in asthma is caused by: Inflammation of the airways

4. Cardinal initial sign of pulmonary Embolism: Restlessness

5. Which of the following is the initial sign of hypoxemia in an adult client? 2,5
Tachycardia, irritability

6. A client has a pulmonary embolism and it started on oxygen. The student nurse asks why
the client’s oxygen saturation has not significantly improved. What is the best nurse
response? The blood clot interferes with perfusion in the lungs

7. Presence of over distended and non-functional alveoli is a condition called: Emphysema

8. In COPD, the airflow obstruction is generally progressive and maybe accompanied by

airway hyperactivity and maybe: Partially reversible

9. The nurse plans care for a patient with COPD, understanding that the patient is most
likely to experience what type of acid-base imbalance? Respiratory Acidosis

10. Which of the following will alert the nurse as an early sign of hypoxia? Client is
frequently turning from side to side

11. Common asthma triggers are the following except: Genetics

12. A whistling sound heard on auscultation with an asthmatic client when breathing out is
called: Wheezing

13. It provides relief from acute asthma symptoms: Quick relief medication
 14. It is a chronic dilation of bronchi or bronchioles: Bronchiectasis

15. It refers to the obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a blood clot
that originates somewhere in the venous system or in the right side of the heart:
Pulmonary Embolism

16. Andrew, a new nurse in the hospital is about to administer oxygen on the patient with
Respiratory distress. As his senior nurse, you should intervene if Andrew will:
Put a non-rebreather mask in the patient before opening the oxygen source

17. Carry out procedure

18. Asthma

FA 6.4
1. For patient with advance chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which nursing
action best promotes adequate gas exchange? Using a high flow venturi mask to deliver
oxygen as prescribe

2. A male patient has a sucking wound to the chest. Which action should the nurse take
first? Applying a dressing over the wound and taping it on three sides

3. Nurse Cathy instructs a female client to use the pulse-lip method of breathing, and the
client asks the nurse about the purpose of this type of breathing. The nurse responds,
knowing that the primary purpose of pursed-lip breathing is to: promote carbon dioxide
elimination

4. An emergency room nurse is assessing a male client who has sustained a blunt injury to
the chest wall. Which of these signs would indicate the presence of a pneumothorax in
this client? Diminished breath sounds

5. While changing the tape and dressing on a tracheostomy tube, the male patient coughs
and the tube is dislodged. The initial nursing action is to: Grasp the retention sutures to
spread the opening

6. The nurse is presenting a class on chest tubes. Which statement describes a tension
pneumothorax? The injury allows air into the pleural space but prevents it from escaping
from the pleural space
FA 7.3
1. It is a type of pulmonary emphysema which affects the lower lung and forms a bleb: Para
septal Emphysema

2. The following are signs and symptoms of pulmonary emphysema except: Bradycardia
(Barrel chest, hypercapnia, hypoxemia)

3. The type of pulmonary emphysema that is most common and affects the upper lung
region: Centrilobular Emphysema
 4. It is a severe decrease concentration of oxygen in the blood: Hypoxemia

5. It is considered as the major cause of emphysema: Cigarette smoking

6. In acute respiratory distress syndrome, as capillary permeability increases, proteins and

more fluid leak out, increasing interstitial osmotic pressure and causing pulmonary
edema. At this stage, the patient may experience: Tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis

7. Mean airway pressure is a parameter in ARDS, in which it: Promote recruitment and
predictor of hemodynamic effects

8. All of the ff. are predisposing factors of pulmonary edema, except: Environment (Aging
process, heredity, smoking)
FA 8.3
1. When admitting a patient in possible respiratory failure with a high PaCO2, which
assessment information will be of most concern to the nurse? The patient is somnolent

2. A patient has a nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance related to thick,

secretions. Which action will be best for the nurse to include in the plan of care? Offer
the patient fluids at frequent intervals

3. Which is a proper nursing action for a patient in acute respiratory failure? Provide chest
physical therapy for patients who produce more than 30mL of sputum per day.

4. What distinguishes hypercapnic respiratory failure from hypoxemic respiratory failure?

Academia for which the body cannot compensate

5. Which patient is most likely going into respiratory failure? A patient with the following
arterial blood gas values over the past 3 hours: pH 7.50, 7.45, and 7.40

CONCEPT EXAM
1. Hemoglobin also carries carbon dioxide in the form of; carboxyhemoglobin
2. Allows patient to breath spontaneously applying positive pressure to open alveoli.
Continuous positive airway pressure
3. It is a condition described when the pH is 7.25; PaCO2 of 50mmHg and a compensatory
increase in the plasma HCO2 occurs. Respiratory Acidosis
4. An acute inflammation of the mucus membranes of the trachea and the bronchial tree.
Bronchitis
5. It is more simply defined as a percent oxygen. Fraction of inspired oxygen
6. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a persistent mucus-producing cough in most days
of the month in absence of a secondary cause of cough. 3 months of a year for 2
consecutive years
7. It is defined as regular and comfortable breathing pattern at a rate of 12-20 cycles per
minute. Eupnea
8. It is described as the vibration of the chest wall that results from speech detected on
palpation. Tactile fremitus
9. It loosens bronchial secretions so they can be eliminated through coughing. Expectorants
10. It acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in cases of severe anaphylaxis where there is
bronchoconstriction. Steroids
11. Which of the following reflects the PaO2 in arterial blood gas analysis? How well oxygen
is able to move from the lung to the blood
12. These are symptoms of chronic bronchitis except: pink skin, pursed lip breathing
13. Coumadin per orem was ordered for patient with Pulmonary Embolism. The drug action
is; to prevent recurrence and extension of thrombus
14. In pneumothorax, there is partial or complete collapse of the lung due to: accumulation of
air in the pleural space
15. It is a condition described as an arterial pH of 7.50 and a PaCO2 of 300mmHg.
Respiratory alkalosis
16. The accumulation of blood within the pleural cavity is: hemothorax
17. It is the final attempt to continue the breathing function in a patient and may be life
sustaining. Mechanical ventilation
18. It is equal to the tidal volume plus inspiratory residual capacity. Inspiratory capacity
19. It is a complication of chest trauma occurring when three or more adjacent ribs are
fractured at two or more sites. Flail chest
20. It is the maximal amount of air a person can expel from lungs after a maximal inhalation.
Vital capacity
21. It is a surgery to open the chest. Thoracotomy
22. It is a screening test tuberculosis and also known as tuberculin sensitivity test. PPD or
Mantoux test
23. In COPD, the airflow obstruction is generally progressive maybe accompanied by airway
hyperactivity and maybe; partially reversible
24. If a patient experienced a sudden and progressive form of acute respiratory failure in
which the alveolar capillary membrane becomes damaged and more permeable to
intravascular fluid resulting in severe dyspnea and hypoxemia. Acute respiratory distress
syndrome
25. When there is reduced ventilation due to a blockage that obstructs the passage of air
resulting to a decreased alveolar ventilation leading to an alveoli collapse. Atelectasis
26. These are broad spectrum antibiotics. They enter the bacterial cell wall by diffusion
through cell channel. Fluoroquinolones
27. It is caused by hyperventilation causing blowing off of CO2 leading to a decreased in
plasma carbonic acid concentration. Respiratory Alkalosis
28. In bronchial asthma, there are always the following manifestation except; excessive
mucus production* (wrong inflammation of the airways)
29. These are drugs that are designed to act selectively on foreign organisms that are invaded
and infected the body. Antimicrobials
30. It is a condition described as an arterial pH of 7.55 and a PaCO2 of 30 mmHg.
Respiratory alkalosis* (wrong metabolic alkalosis)
31. It is caused by hyperventilation causing blowing off of CO2 leading to a decrease in
plasma carbonic acid concentration. Respiratory alkalosis
32. Which of the following reflects the PaO2 in arterial blood gas analysis? How well the
oxygen is able to move from the lungs to the blood
33. It acts as an anti-inflammatory agents in cases of severe anaphylaxis where there is
bronchoconstriction. Steroids
34. It is a condition described when the pH is 7.20; PaCO2 i 50mmHg and a compensatory
increase in the plasma HCO2 occurs. Respiratory Acidosis