MATHEMATICS HABX

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION WORK PROBLEM ENGINEERING ECONOMY  ANNUITY

where:
an = am + (n-m) d 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘  SIMPLE INTEREST
𝑛 Rate =
Sn = (a1 + an) 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
2 F = P + I : I = Pin
an = nth term DIGIT PROBLEM
am = any term before an 𝑑
Let: h = hundred’s digit n= n = years
d = common difference 360
 PERPETUITY
S = sum of the nth terms t = ten’s digit
u = units digit
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION where: 𝐴
Form: 100h + 10t + u P= :
Ordinary Simple Interest 𝑖
an = am r n-m Reversed: 100u + 10t + h 1 year = 360 days
𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎5
The sum: h + t + u Exact Simple Interest
where: r = = = … 1 year = 365 days (ord. year)  DEPRECIATION
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎4
CLOCK PROBLEM 1 year = 366 days (leap year) 1. STRAIGHT LINE (SLD)
𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛 −1)
S= when r > 1 Mode 3-2
𝑟−1 When: minute hand = x  COMPOUND INTEREST
𝑎1 (1−𝑟 𝑛 ) hour hand = x/12
S= when r < 1 When: second hand = x
1−𝑟 F = P (1 + 𝑖)𝑛
minute hand = x/12 P = F (1 + 𝑖)−𝑛
INFINITE GEOMETRIC hour hand = x/720
PROGRESSION For cases opposite and Table of book values:
ER = (1 + 𝑖)𝑚 − 1
together: Mode 7: f(x) = A+Bx
𝑎1
S= 2  COMPOUNDED CONTINUOUSLY Annual depreciation = B
1−𝑟 M= (∠ref. ± ∠reqd)
11
Depreciation rate = B / FC
BINOMIAL THEOREM ∠ref. = 30˚ for every 5 mins. F = P ert
Form: (x + y) n m=r-1 ∠required: opposite = 180˚ ER = er – 1

rth = nCm xn-m ym together = 0˚ ER = effective rate of interest

MATHEMATICS HABX

2. SUM OF THE YEAR DIGIT 4. DOUBLE DECLINING Distance between two points
(SOYD) Mode 3-3 BALANCE (DDBM) GEOMETRIC GRADIENT
Mode 3-6 Mode 3-6 d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Slope:

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑦2 −𝑦1
m= =
Mode 7 𝑟𝑢𝑛 𝑥2 −𝑥1
Table of book values:
5. SINKING FUND METHOD Angle between two lines:
f(x) = A+Bx + Cx2
Table of depreciation: Depreciation: 𝑚 −𝑚
tan ϴ = 1 +2𝑚 𝑚1
f(x) = (A + Bx + Cx2) – 1 2
CAPITALIZED COST
[A + B(x-1) + C(x-1)2]
𝑀𝐶 𝑅𝐶−𝑆𝑉
Parallel lines relationship:
K = FC + +
𝑖 (1+𝑖)𝑛 −1 m1 = m2
3. DECLINING BALANCE
Perpendicular lines relationship:
(DMD) Mode 3-6 Where:
F = future worth
1
ARITHMETIC GRADIENT P = Present worth or principal m2 = - 𝑚
1
i = interest rate
Mode 3-2 r = nominal interest rate Distance from a point to a line:
Mode 7 n = no. of periods
A = annuity 𝐴𝑥+𝐵𝑦+𝐶
Table of book values: m = no. of interest period per year
G = gradient d=
ER = effective rate ±√𝐴2 +𝐵2
f(x) = 𝐴𝐵 𝑋
K = capitalized cost
Table of depreciation: FC = first cost Distance of two parallel lines
f(x) = (𝐴𝐵 𝑥−1 ) − (𝐴𝐵 𝑋 ) MC = maintenance cost
RC = replacement cost 𝐶2 −𝐶1
d=
SV = salvage √𝐴2 +𝐵 2
MATHEMATICS HABX

PARABOLA ( A or C = 0) ELLIPSE ( A ≠ C ) 6. HYPERBOLA ( A ≠ C )

CIRCLE ( A = C)
General Equation General Equation General Equation
General equation: 7.

x2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 Ax2 + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 Ax2 - Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

Ax2 + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 when C = 0
y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 when A = 0
when center at (0,0)

x2 + y2 = r2

when center at (h,k)

(x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2

Values of h and k:
−𝐷 −𝐸 Eccentricity, e: Directrix, d: Standard: center at (0,0)
h= ; k= 𝑐 𝑎 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
2𝐴 2𝐴 e= >1 d= − =1 : − =1
2 2 2 𝑎2
𝑎 𝑒 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏

radius of a circle: Latus rectum, LR: Location of foci: center at (h,k)

2𝑏2
LR = a2 = b2 + c2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
−
(𝑦−𝑘)2
=1
𝐷2 +𝐸 2 −4𝐴𝐹 Eccentricity = 1 𝑎
r=√ 𝑎2 𝑏2
4𝐴2 LR = 4a (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
Standard equation at (0,0) Standard: center at (0,0) − =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
note: consider the signs y2 = ± 4ax + =1 : + =1 Location of foci:
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑏2 𝑎2
Mnemonics (ellipse and hyper.) x2 = ± 4ay c2 = a2 + b2
center at (h,k)
Asymptote:
de = a Standard equation at (h,k) (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 y - k = ± m (x - h)
La = 2bb + =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
ea = c (y-k)2 = ± 4a(x-h) (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
where:

(x-h)2 = ± 4a(y-k) + =1 m = b / a (horizontal axis) m (+) = ↑ asym.

𝑏2 𝑎2 m = a / b (vertical axis) m (-) = ↓ asym.