 Name of the Student = Tabassum Parveen

 Course = [Link] (Honours) Year= 2020-21

 CU Registration No. =
 CU University Roll NO=

Supervised by

Name of the Supervisor: prof.

YEAR OF SUBMISSION:2021
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude

to my supervisor Prof. ……………………………………….
our HOD sir …………………………………………………..
and as well as our principal………………. Who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful project, which helped
me doing a lot of research and I came to know about so many new
things

I am really thankful to them.

Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and god

as without their blessings this would not be possible
to complete the project.

Last but not the least I would thank my friends who helped
me with their suggestions and proper information about the
project.

Thank you

Tabassum Parveen
 TAbLE Of CONTAiNED

PAGE NO.

 ChAPTEr 1:- iNTrODuCTiON

(a) Background
(b) Need
(c) Literature review
(d) Objectives
(e) Methodology
(f) Limitations Of Study
(g) Chapter Planning

 ChAPTEr 2 :- CONCEPTuAL frAMEWOrK

 ChAPTEr 3 :- DATA ANALysis & fiNDiNGs

 ChAPTEr 4 :- CONCLusiON & rECOMMENDATiON

 ChAPTEr 5 :-bibLiOGrAPhy
  ChAPTEr 1 iNTrODuCTiON
1 (a) background
The history of e-commerce can be traced back to the 1960s with the development of the “Electronic Data
Interchange”. It was supposed to replace mail and fax because it made data exchange possible through digital
transfer, without the need for human intervention. Some claim that the first recorded occurrence of an online
transaction was in 1972.

In India the concept of e-commerce first formally came forth in 1991, a time when internet practically did not
even exist. By the late 90s, people became aware of this thing called the “internet” , but for a majority of them
, it remained a luxury they didn’t particularly need.

In a truly Indian manner, it was only in 2002, when the IRCTC introduced as online reservation system,
that the public widely accepted the internet as something fruitful, by which time accompany named AMAZON
was already beginning to create few murmurs in the US.

Electronic commerce is presently an indispensable ingredient of India’s trade facilitation policy. Electronic
commerce (e-commerce) as part of the information technology revolution became widely used in the world
trade in general and Indian economy particular.

E- commerce is being used for purchase and sale of multiple products and there are multiple players using
Various portal and websites for this purpose. The information technology industry might observe it as an
Electronic business application aimed at commercial transactions. It can involve electronic funds transfer,
Supply chain management, e-marketing, online marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data
interchange (EDI), automated inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. It
typically uses electronic communications technology such as the Internet, extranets, e-mail, e-books,
databases, mobile phones.

E-commerce in contemporary eras has been growing rapidly across the global. According to Report of
Digital–Commerce, IAMAI-IMRB (2013), e-commerce industry in India has witnessed a growth of US$ 3.8
billion in the year 2009 to US$ 9.5 billion in 2012.

Definition of E-Commerce:

“Electronic Commerce, commonly known as E-Commerce, consists of buying and selling of product and services
over the electronic system such as Internet and Computer Network.”

The World Trade Organization defines e- commerce as “E-Commerce is the production, distribution,
marketing, sales or delivery of goods and services by electronic means.”
Types of Ecommerce Models
There are four main types of ecommerce models that can describe almost every transaction that takes place between
consumers and businesses.

1. Business to Consumer (B2C):

When a business sells a good or service to an individual consumer (e.g. You buy a pair of shoes from an online
retailer).

2. Business to Business (B2B):

When a business sells a good or service to another business (e.g. A business sells software-as-a-service for
other businesses to use)

3. Consumer to Consumer (C2C):

When a consumer sells a good or service to another consumer (e.g. You sell your old furniture on eBay to
another consumer).

4. Consumer to Business (C2B):

When a consumer sells their own products or services to a business or organization (e.g. An influencer offers
exposure to their online audience in exchange for a fee, or a photographer licenses their photo for a business
to use).

E-Commerce increases the growth of online business. It can be categorized under:

1- Online marketing
2- Online advertising
3- Online sales
4- Product delivery
5- Product service
6- Online billing
7- Online payments”
1 (b) NEED

E-commerce is the biggest thing that happened to India since the mobile revolution. This change has an all
pervading impact on the economy and has the potential to reshape the Indian economy by the next decade.

Faster Financial development

The e-commerce boom has given a boost to manufacturing, transport, sales and other related activities.
This is fostering an overall environment for financial growth of various sectors.

Providing Employment

Currently e-commerce is providing 1 million jobs to the Indian work force. Indian ecommerce industry
statistics forecast a massive growth in employment opportunities in this sector which would create 12
million new jobs in coming decade.

Increased exports

Start up environment has seen a positive growth with the rise of e-commerce. SMEs operating from home or
garage are able to sell on popular marketplaces and cater to global audience. This is contributed to
increased exports even from the unorganized sectors.

Growth of B2B ecommerce companies

Effect of e commerce on Indian economy is not limited to the B2C model. Although the current profits
of B2B are not as great as B2C e-commerce, but slowly and certainly it is catching up. B2B market potential
stood at USD 300 Billion in 2014 and by 2020 it is expected to reach USD 700 Billion.

Key reasons of the success of E-Commerce in India:

Research studies have indicated several Key reasons for the success of e-commerce in India such as:
 Growing broadband Internet, 3G diffusion and smartphone
 Upward trend of standard Livings in middleclass.
 Busy life styles and lack of offline shopping.
 Increased customer services.
 Increased usage of online categorized sites.
 Increased information transparency and knowledge.
 Evolution of online marketplace model with Sites like Flipkart, Snapdeal, [Link],
Amazon.
1(c) LITERATURE REVIEW

(1) “Shebazbano Salim Khan, S. N. Borhade, and Mainuddin S. Shaikh in their paper
“Impact of e- Commerce on Indian Market: Social & Economic Impact”
Study how Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) as part of IT insurrection became major part in the world
deal in general and Indian economy in exacting. The Paper discovers the economic and social impact of e-
commerce. ( E-commerce, is currently rising at 30%.shopping site e-bay Inc. Is growing at 60%. The number
of customers of the company has augmented from one million users to 2.5 million in India; in the last four
years. Some of the popular imported items imported by Indians include home decor, branded and
unbranded apparel, accessories, and technology products.”)

(2) “Affreen Ara and Dr Kishore Kumar Das in their paper “Growth of E-Commerce in
India” talked about
E-commerce one of the highest growing business, with India having great market potential for investments.
There has been huge surge in investment since; last year and more, is expected in coming years. The rapid
growth in use of mobile and internet users has facilitated ecommerce business in both urban and rural
cities. The topics covered include the terms study of commerce, key drivers of growth, market growth
potential, investment, retail market, logistics infrastructure, internet regulations, key challenges and future
of ecommerce.
(3)“Mustafa Yapar and sedabayrakdar in their research entitled “The Role of Taxation
Problems on the Development of E-commerce” talked about

how important e-commerce in our daily lives . The impacts of globalization, and rapid developments are,
experienced in knowledge and technology raises level of ecommerce. E-commerce provides businesses to
sell their goods and services with a different method around the world and admits, to consumers to access
goods and services easily. Taxation of e-commerce is an important, issue for countries, businesses and
consumers who want to be a party of e-commerce. The issues such as tax loss and tax evasion are crucial in
terms of countries. Difficulties like, uncertainty and double taxation make parties of e-commerce reluctant
and affect development of e-commerce negatively. In this study, the role of taxation problems on the
development of ecommerce will be examined. We will ,aim to focus on ,how e-commerce can be developed
with proper tax regulations.
 (4)“Devendera Agarwal in research paper entitled “E-Commerce: True Indian Picture”
talked about

The insight of e-commerce and highlights the present scenario of e-commerce in India. It presents the
surfing pattern of Indian public, to give the critical review on truth of various reports being published from
time to time.
(It also critically analyses the e-commerce with major focus on electronic commerce. The paper concluded
that potential for growth of e-commerce in India is enormous. We have also seen that amount of interest
that is there for travel industry is not seen in other services. Professional e-commerce, websites are doing
excellent job but what are the factors that are inhibiting users from purchasing online need to be
ascertained.)
1(d) OBJECTIVE
1. Reduce management costs

Businesses aim at reducing the costs incurred for the betterment of their revenue.
Automating the ecommerce business can help in reducing the management cost
significantly. Moreover, the right use of digital marketing can help in reducing the cost
spent on driving customers to such an extent that businesses can bring customers for free
of cost.
2. Developing business relations

With ecommerce as the primary use, business development can be easily achieved. The
direct communication between a company and the customer, the business relationship can
be boosted. Eventually, the ecommerce market shall be expanded .

[Link] unique customer experience

E-Commerce includes giving a personalized experience to each customer or visitor of your
online store, website, or mobile app. Some other pointers to consider are round the clock
customer service, immediate responses to the queries rose, engaging with the customers,
and so on.

[Link] the Number of loyal Customer

More than 60% of consumers look for purchasing goods and services online. If you meet
your customers where they are already active, the chances of them, interacting with your
business increases two folds. You can increase the number of loyal customers by giving the
best experience to your already existing customers as well as bring in newer customers .

[Link] Relevant target

Developing relevant traffic for an ecommerce business is a common objective. Whether an
ecommerce website or an online store, building traffic is one of the most important
objectives. Collecting customer data include demographics such as age, location, and
gender, customer interests, browsing history, browser history, and so on. By saving these
data, you can aim in targeting the relevant market.
1(e) METHODLOGY

 Method Of Data Collection:

Secondary data – various research papers of similar type have been referred to
check the format and the type of graphs for analization of data .Other than this ,
various scholar and data from other certified bank and source are used to collect
data which is interpreted further for data analysis.

 Type Of Research Design:

The research is descriptive and exploratory research.

Descriptive in the sense
that it establish relationship between literacy rate of the country and given
parameter.
Exploratory research in the sense
that it collects data from various parameter and tends to establish a cause and
effect relationship between the parameter.

 DATA REPRESENTATION :-

The data collected is represented in form of Table , graph , line charts.

1 (f) LIMITATION

1. Security : the security risk in E- Commerce can be

• client / server risk
• data transfer and transaction risk
• virus risk

2. High start up cost: The various components of cost involved with ecommerce are:-

• connection:- connection cost to the internet.

• hardware / software:- this includes cost of sophisticated computer, moduer, routers, etc.
• maintenance:- this include cost invole in traning of employees and maintenance of web-pages.

[Link] issues:- These issues arises when the customer data is fall in the hands of strangers.

[Link] of skilled personnel:- There is difficulty in finding skilled www developers and knowledgeable
professionals to manage and a maintain customer on line.

.[Link] and lack of information :- Most of the companies has never used any electronic means
of communication with its customers as the internet is an unknown mode for them.

[Link] business process may never be available to E-Commerce :- Some items such as foods, high
cost items such as jwellery may be impossible to be available on the internet.
1(g) CHAPTER PLANNING

Plan for chapter1:

Plan for chapter 2:

Plan for chapter 3:

Plan for chapter 3:

Plan for chapter

ChAPTEr 2 CONCEPTuAL frAMEWOrK

National Scenario:

Emergence and growth of E-commerce in India recently, is the effect of liberalization and globalization
actually this is the impact of transition from close network system to an open network platform like
internet. India has made significant efforts in modernizing the area of E-commerce.

E-commerce in India is fastest growing economy of the world. Indian E-commerce is growing at an
annual rate of 51% , the highest in the world and is expected to jump from $30b in 2016 to $120billion by (
2020 ) (source – assocham –forrester study paper ).With $680b in online retail sales in 2016, china is
largest Ecommerce market globally, followed by United States and then India.”In India though there were
use of ecommerce before 1990s, but their contribution were significantly negligible. Recently a lot of blue
chip PE firms have invested a huge money on India e-commerce as there is significantly huge potential and
opportunity to success.

According to NATIONAL REPORT OF E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA, it was clearly stated that there is
increase in internet penetration in India to very large extent. Internet user increases to 429.23 Million in
2017 which is expected to take a huge upward trend to 829 million in 2021 , which will thus help internet
economy of India to grow significantly . With the increase of digital penetration and increase of internet
penetration in Indian context, it was thus needed to link between the growth and impact of e-commerce in
context of Indian scenario.”

In India, for example, e-commerce finds tremendous potential: Customers spent $38.5 billion in 2017, with
$64 billion projected for 2020 and $200 billion forecast for 2026. Less than 65 percent of the population is
online, meaning this market is far from peaking: Internet penetration is slated to double by 2021. As a
result, the India Brand Equity Foundation projects India’s e-commerce industry will surpass that of the
United States by 2034, becoming the second largest in the world after China.
International Scenario:

International e-commerce is the business of selling a product through an e-commerce website to

buyers in foreign countries. As the proliferation of digital tools increases internet availability
worldwide, any company can sell online, making international e-commerce easier than ever before
for both pure play companies and brick and mortars. For traditional retailers, e-commerce can also
serve as a testing ground to determine whether new, foreign markets will be successful before
opening a physical location there.

International e-commerce is an undeniable growth opportunity. According to a recent study

conducted by Flow Commerce, 67% of online apparel shoppers across 11 top global markets have
made a cross-border purchase in the prior six months. Statista estimates the global eCommerce
market will pass $2 trillion in 2020, with revenues in China expected to have the largest growth
rate at a CAGR of 11.6% up to 2024. Similarly, Statista expects that U.S. market revenues will
exceed $490.9 billion by 2024, while revenues in Europe will reach $516.2 billion in the same time
frame

In a Global Market Outlook report, projections estimate that global e-commerce will grow at a CAGR of
almost 20% to reach $18.89 trillion by 2027. There are a number of factors impacting this growth. The
global nature of search and increasing use of search engines facilitates the discovery of new brands and
online retailers. Mobile penetration has also had an impact helping to drive cross-border purchases. Mobile
commerce sales are projected to show a 25% growth in 2020 over 2019, with additional growth in
2021. With over 3 billion smartphone users worldwide, more and more global consumers are also shopping
via mobile phones and the opportunity in m-commerce is showing impressive growth. Through mobile,
more consumers have access to social media platforms. With the recent global pandemic and quarantine
rules, social shopping has become even more widespread among consumers, which is why it represents a
popular channel for many retailers to reach their global customer [Link] time frame
 ChAPTEr 3 DATA ANALysis & fiNDiNGs

[Link] Penetration in Indian Economy

[Link]

Data interpretation: With the increase in number of smartphone and good

connectivity of internet it is thus much needed factor to increase e-commerce influence in the
Indian economy. The above graph depicts increase in digital penetration in India , from 30% in
2014 to be expected 64% by 2019

[Link] Contribution to GDP (Total GDP 2013, estimate (%))

Sources:-BCG&IAMAI,2015
[Link] E-Commerce Market Segmentation by category

Data Interpretation : The Indian e-commerce market was valued at USD 45.5
billion in 2018 and is expected to reach at USD 198 billion by 2026 at a CAGR of 20.18% over
forecast period 2019-2026.

4.E-COMMERCE Websites in India

[Link] Online Retail Market

FINDINGS

1-There is a increase in a digital penetration in India ie more smartphones are utilized by the people of
India,which tend to increase m-commerce growth in India.

2-There is increase in internet penetration in India . India ranked 2nd in most internet users in the world.

3- There is an increase in e-commerce trend in India . With increase in a contribution of e-commerce in

India’s GDP.

4-Government are making necessary incentives and schemes to promote digitalization and thus
encouraging e-commerce growth in India.

5- E-commerce of the nation is linked with the literacy rate of the nation. with more literacy and educated
people there will be more e-commerce growth in a coun
ChAPTEr 4 CONCLusiON & rECOMMENDATiON

CONCLUSION

Through the study of research paper we came to know how important is e-commerce industry currently

in the world. With context of India we also try to find the upward trend of growth of e-commerce in India,

and also increase in m-commence and digital penetration in India. Government policies and initiatives has

also lead to increase of e-commerce in India over years. According to survey after demonization, role of

cashless economy in India has increased significantly, thus the role of internet also likewise other such

government policies have also had a major impact. a lot have been done and a lot has to be done when it

comes to E-commerce industry in India, also we study impact of literacy rate and unemployment rate on the

growth of ecommerce industry in India.

In this research paper we went through the trend of e-commerce in India which is rising significantly and

also how service provider like 4G, 3G helped to increase the digital penetration in India which thus helped

to increase the e-commerce and m-commerce sales in Indian economy. Likewise government had also

played huge role through different laws and policies towards the growth of sales via internet.

The diffusion of ecommerce is very low compare to developed countries. However, is developing at a much

faster rate.
 RECOMMENDATION

 There is significant need to increase the literacy rate in India and also spread awareness among
rural people in India about cashless economy and role of internet in India in today’s world.

 There is need of more allocation of money towards cyber crime and strict law ’s need to be made
, not only to make this process more secure but also reliable.

 Along with development and changes in E-Commerce, there are also security and privacy concern
among Customers, hence researchers in this field will need to study more on the security critical
issues related to E- commerce.
 ChAPTEr 5 bibLiOGrAPhy

In making this project I have used followings references:

 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 BCG &IAMAI ,2015

 Propelled by rising smartphone penetration, the launch of 4G networks and
increasing consumer wealth, the Indian e-commerce market is expected to
grow to US$ 200 billion by 2026 from US$ 38.5 billion in 2017.
 India’s e-commerce revenue is expected to jump from US$ 39 billion in 2017 to
US$ 120 billion in 2020, growing at an annual rate of 51%, the highest in the
world.
 The Indian e-commerce industry has been on an upward growth trajectory and
is expected to surpass the US to become the second-largest e-commerce
market in the world by 2034.

Facilitator of e- commece
A. Information directories:
The products and services are listed with appropriate sub-headings to make it easy for a serious
information-seeker to find what he wants. Allied services provided by them: Message boards, chat rooms,
forums, etc.
B. Banks:
1) Net banking/phone banking: This is an online banking facility available for savings account holders as
well as current account holders. Some of the special Net banking services are: Demat accounts for
sale/purchase of stocks and shares, Foreign Exchange services, Direct/Instant payment of bills on the
account-holder’s behalf, Financial Planning & advice, Electronic Funds Transfer, Loans to account-holders.
2) Credit/Debit Cards- Banks facilitate E-commerce by providing the most vital trade instrument, namely
the Credit or Debit Card, without which E-commerce would be impossible.