Turbomachinery

(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008
Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science (EMS)
Department of Engineering Mechanics June 2008
Dr. Eng. Hamdy A. Kandil

Bar Code

Turbomachinery, ENME 1010

Spring Semester 2008
Final Exam

Instructions: Read Carefully Before Proceeding.

1- This is a Closed Book Exam. Calculators are allowed (except

programmable); books and notes are not permitted.
2- During the exam, NO EXCHANGE OF MATERIAL IS ALLOWED UNDER
ANY CONDITION.
3- Write your solutions in the space provided. If you need more space, write on
the back of the sheet containing the problem. NO EXTRA SHEETS WILL BE
PROVIDED
4- This exam booklet contains 15 pages, including this one. Formula sheets are
attached at the end and they have to be kept attached all the time.
5- Total time allowed for this exam is 180 minutes (3 Hrs)
Good Luck!
Dr. Hamdy Kandil

Question # 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Max. Score 30 20 20 20 15 105
Obtained
Score

a
/12 /10 /10 /10 /5
b
/10 /5 /10 /10 /10
c
/8 /5 @@@ @@@ @@@

June 2008 Page 1 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008
Question One: Use sketches (system curves, performance curves,
velocity triangles,…etc) as needed to explain your ideas and write only
clear, precise short statements for each question.
a- Please help them to understand: Troubleshooting:

1- In an installation with one pump, an engineer tried to increase the system flow
rate by connecting another identical pump with the original pump. Would you
advise him to connect the two identical pumps in parallel or in series to increase
the flow rate? use sketches

2- When an engineer connected a new pump in series with the original identical
pump, both pumps stopped because of overload. When he tries to start any one
of them, he notices that it can start and work with no problem if it is working alone
but the two pumps can not work together. What is your explanation of this
problem? use sketches.

June 2008 Page 2 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008
3- An engineer is planning to buy a large pump and use it in a system with variable
demand. He will use the delivery valve to control the flow most of the time. Please
tell him why it is not a good practice to operate the pump at reduced flow rate.
use sketches and velocity triangles.

4- During the design process and before installing a new pump in a new system, the
engineer checked the required NPSH of the pump they have and the available
NPSH of the system that he designed. He found that cavitation will occur. Please
give him your recommendations how to increase the available NPSH.

June 2008 Page 3 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008
b- Compressors: Write only one reason for each of the following:

1- Timing gears are required in dry-type screw compressors but they are needed in
flooded type.

2- Centrifugal compressors are always multi-stage

3- Although axial compressors are very expensive they find many applications

4- We can not obtain very large compression ratios from single-stage reciprocating
compressors and multi-stage compressors must be used.

5- Liquid piston compressors are more suitable than other types to be used as
vacuum pumps

6- Inter-cooling is essential between the stages of reciprocating and centrifugal

compressors.

7- Maximum compression ratios that may be obtained using dry-type screw

compressors are lower than those obtained using flooded type screw
compressors.

8- In some compressors, compressed air passes through a refrigeration system

before going to the application point.

9- Inline arrangement of multi-stage centrifugal compressors must be provided by

balancing piston (drum).

10- Oil must be injected on the meshing parts of the flooded-type screw compressors.

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 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008

c- Gas Turbines: Write only one reason for each of the following:

1- Hot gases from the combustion chamber are mixed with cold air before entering
the turbine

2- Turbojet engines are suitable for fighter aircrafts while turbofan engines are
suitable for commercial airplanes

3- Turbojet engines are not used in cars

4- Turbine blades are manufactured from special materials and extreme care must
be taken in their manufacturing and installation

5- After burners are sometimes used in fighter aircrafts.

6- Regeneration increases the efficiency of ideal Brayton Cycles.

7- Axial compressors used in gas turbines are always multi-stage

8- Ram jet engines can not be used to power civil airplanes

June 2008 Page 5 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008
Question Two:
The performance of a centrifugal pump at the working speed is given by:
Q (lit/s) 0 5 10 15 20
H (m) 24 24 22 18 12
 % 0 36 63 75 60
This pump gave a maximum discharge of 15 Lit/s in a pipeline where the static lift is
10 m.
(a) If the static lift became 6 m, what would be the maximum discharge?
(b) If the delivery valve was partially closed to keep the discharge at 15 Lit/s, with
the 6-m static lift, calculate the power lost in the valve.
(c) For the same valve opening in (b) what would be the maximum discharge if
the static lift became 10 m again.
Solution:

June 2008 Page 6 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008

35 80

70
30

60
25

50
20 H (m)
sys-6
40
sys-10
15 h %
30

10
20

5 10

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25

June 2008 Page 7 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008
Question Three:
The performance curves of a centrifugal water pump of an impeller of 30-cm diameter
are given at 1500 rpm as follows:
Q (m3/hr) 150 300 450 600 750 900
H (m) 700 660 605 525 425 300
 % 38 62.5 76 83 80 70
When this pump is used in a pipeline with zero static lift, its discharge was 600
m3/hr. Because of a shortage in store, the impeller was replaced by a similar
impeller with a diameter of 25 cm and thus the pump flow rate was reduced.
(a) Determine the flow rate and input power with the smaller impeller.
(b) In order to increase the discharge back to 600 m3/hr with the new impeller, some
engineer suggested increasing the pump speed. Estimate the required pump
speed and input power.
Solution:

June 2008 Page 8 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008

1400 90

80
1200

70
1000
60
H (m)
800 50 H2
system
40 h %
600
eta2
30
400
20

200
10

0 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000

June 2008 Page 9 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008
Question Four:
The performance curves of a centrifugal pump at the operating speed when
pumping water are as follows:
Q m3/hr 75 100 125 150
Hm 97 92 82 67
Efficiency % 60 70 75 70
2
When this pump is used to pump oil of kinematic viscosity of 190 mm /s & Sp. gr. of
0.9 in a piping system with 60-m static head, it’s maximum discharge was 100 m3/hr.
(a) Calculate the input power
(b) Find the minimum number of pumps required to pump 120 m3/hr of this oil. Would
you arrange them in series or in parallel? why?
Solution:

June 2008 Page 10 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008
120 80

110
70

100

60
90 Hm
h2
80 50 system
Efficiency %
70 eta2
40

60

30
50

40 20
60 80 100 120 140 160

June 2008 Page 11 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008
Question Five:
Water at 70°C ( = 960 kg/m3 and Pv = 30 kPa) is pumped through a 40-cm-
diameter pipe (f = 0.03) 2000-m long from a large pressurized tank (P = 2
bar) whose water surface is at elevation 60 m to a point of discharge in the
atmosphere at elevation 75 m (hint: z = 15m).
(a) If the flow rate is 400 Lit/s, find the head that a pump, placed in the pipeline
must develop. Assume the pressure in the tank remains constant and neglect
minor losses.
(b) At what elevation must the pump be placed to safeguard against cavitation
if the pipe length
from the tank to the
pump is 40 m and
the cavitation factor
of the pump is 0.1?
Solution:

June 2008 Page 12 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008

June 2008 Page 13 of 14

 Turbomachinery
(ENME1010)
Final Exam Spring 2008

Important groups for Turbomachinery: Same for similar turbomachines:

QH P
Efficiency :  pump  , Efficiency :  turbine 
P QH
Q gH
flow coefficient :   , head coefficient :  
N D3 N 2D2
P
power coeffcient :  
 N 3D5
Specific Speed
3 5
N s  N Q /( gH )  N P /[ 4 1/ 2 4
( gH ) ] (rad) dimensionless
3 3
N s  N Q /( H )  rpm lit / s /(m) ]
4 4
metric
System curve: Hstat = Hsd - Hss
Hm = Hstat + KQ2
f s ls f l
(   Ks ) ( d d   Kd )
d dd
H m  H stat  ( s  )Q 2

 d s2 2  d d2 2
2g( ) 2g( )
4 4
Affinity laws:
Q1 N1 D13 H1 N12 D12
 (a) &  2 2 (b)
Q2 N 2 D23 H 2 N 2 D2
P1 N13 D15
 3 5 (c) & 1  2 (d )
P2 N 2 D2

Iso-efficiency curves: D1= D2 but N1 N2 : H = K’ Q2

N1= N2 but D1 D2 : H = K” Q2/3

Cavitation:
NPSHA = Hatm – Hvap + Hms + Vs2/2g = Hatm – Hvap + Hss - hls
NPSHA  NPSHR
Hms –  Hm  Hvap – Hatm.

June 2008 Page 14 of 14