A2+/B1 Grammar Cheat Sheet
by Meosit via cheatography.com/83398/cs/19771/
Tenses use cases Passive voice Verb patterns (gerund / infinitive) (cont)
Present Simple - Habits Usage - Gerund - suggest
She only eats fish. - Repeated actions - Doer is not important or unknown - (that) + sbj. + verb - propose
- General facts - Actions of processes or systems - recommend
- Schedules - advice
Form
Present - Act. happening
- Present: am/is/are + V3/-ed Modal Verbs
Continuous now
- Pr. Cont.: am/is/are + being + V3/-ed
He's playing a - Temp. situations must - Strong obligation
- Pr. Perfect.: has/have + been + V3/-ed
guitar. - Trends - Logical conclusion
- Past: was/were+ V3/-ed
- Arranged future
- Future: will + be + V3/-ed must not - Prohibition
Present Perfect - Action result
- Modals: can/must/etc. + be + V3/-ed should - Soft obligation
I have just finished - Experience
- Advice
my work. - Not yet finished
Conditionals - Logical conclusion
I have lived in Minsk - Duration (till now)
First conditional - real situation can - Ability
since 2014. - Undefined time
- Permission
- News - Future plans / Predictions / Warnings
- Possibility
Past Simple - Completed action - If + present tence, will/might + verb
could - Ability in past
We saw a good film (time is known) Second conditional - unreal situation
- Polite permission
last week
- Imagined, hypothetical situation in - Possibility
Past Continuous - Background action either present or future
may / might - Permission
I was eating when - Was in progress - If + past tence, would + verb
- Probability
she came. when another act.
Conjunctions
interrupted need to - Necessity (persons
If / In case / When / As long as / Unless choice)
- Was in progress at
a stated time have to - Necessity (external
in past Verb patterns (gerund / infinitive) reason)
Future Simple Gerund - consider don't have - It's not necessary
I will do it next day. - Spontaneous (will) - delay to
She's going to - Intention (going - stop (=quit)
Guesses
leave. to) - risk
may Past action:
I'm having a meeting - Fixed arrangement - avoid
might - modal + have has + V3
tomorrow. (Present Cont.) - remember (past)
could Moment of speaking:
My train leaves - Schedule - try (experiment )
must - modal + be + Ving
today (Present Simple) To + infinitive - manage
at 9pm. - prefer State verbs
- need
Not used with continuous
- want
guess depend hate suppose
- fail
- agree know need belong understand
- afford involve include prefer want
- remember (future)
mean require contain possess
- try (effort)
sound seem agree believe
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A2+/B1 Grammar Cheat Sheet
by Meosit via cheatography.com/83398/cs/19771/
Linkers Opiniton Phrases
To speak about what we want to achieve I (really) think ... I believe (that) ...
to I reckon/suppose ... I do believe ...
in order to + base form+ for + gerund I could be wrong, but .. As I see it, ...
so as to
I tend to think that ... If you ask me, ...
To speak about what we want to avoid
Frankly, ... My view is that ...
in order not to + base form
Off the top of my head, ...
so as not to
I would seem to me that ...
To say what we want or others to get
I tend towards the opinion ...
so that + sbj. + can/could/will/would
I'd say/guess/imagine that ...
+ base form
In my (humble) opinion ... (IMHO)
To show a reason for using/doing smth.
For me, From my point of view, ...
in case + sbj. + verb
To my mind / To my way of thinking, ...
If we want to enumerate a set of items
Personally speaking / Speaking of myself,
- First of all / Firstly / To begin with ... ...
- Second / Secondly / Then ...
- Third / Thirdly / After that ...
- The next stage ...
- Finally / To sum up / In conclusion /
Last but not least ...
If we want to add something to the previous
sentence
Also / Moreover / Further / Furthermore /
Besides / In addition to / Additionally
Articles
a / an Singular, countable nouns
- Talking for the first time
- Talk about people's jobs
- Talk about smth. in a general
way
the - Noun for a second time
- With specific nouns
- With superlatives: (the most ...)
- With regions and natural places
no - Plural, uncountable nouns in a
article general way
- With countries, states, cities
But the US, the Netherlands,
other "plural" / "partial" countries
By Meosit Not published yet. Sponsored by Readable.com
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