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Telecom Infrastructure Insights

This document discusses optical distribution networks and digital Egypt's youth training program. It describes how remote switches were installed to serve new subdivisions and connect to central offices using fiber backhaul. Voice and data signals are transmitted over these fiber connections to the remote switches and digital subscriber line access multiplexers, which connect to customer premises via existing copper loops. Newly built areas often install fiber directly to customer premises using Gigabit Passive Optical Network technology to share a fiber connection among multiple customers. The training program aims to educate youth on telecommunication network infrastructure and technologies.

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Mohamed Shabana
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133 views16 pages

Telecom Infrastructure Insights

This document discusses optical distribution networks and digital Egypt's youth training program. It describes how remote switches were installed to serve new subdivisions and connect to central offices using fiber backhaul. Voice and data signals are transmitted over these fiber connections to the remote switches and digital subscriber line access multiplexers, which connect to customer premises via existing copper loops. Newly built areas often install fiber directly to customer premises using Gigabit Passive Optical Network technology to share a fiber connection among multiple customers. The training program aims to educate youth on telecommunication network infrastructure and technologies.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Shabana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Optical Distribution Networks (FTTH)

Digital Egypt Youth Training Program

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬
2
Remotes (CPE’s), DSL & DSLAM’s in the Outside Plant
• The model for the telephone network shown in this article was used up to the
end of World War 2. With the suburban sprawl that followed the war, it was
however not cost-effective anymore to build COs every 8 km / 5 miles.

• New subdivisions were then served from remote switches, simply known as
remotes. These low-capacity switches were installed in underground
controlled environment vaults, or small above-ground buildings. As shown in
figure below, the remotes provide telephone service on copper loops in the
subdivision and a fiber backhaul is used to connect these back to the nearest
big CO.

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


3
Remote Switching Unit (RSM)

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


4
Voice PCM Fiber Multiplexers range
In this case, there will be more “boxes” in above scheme, you usually will need FXO (CO) type fiber multiplexer to
connect trunk lines at CO side, and FXS unit at remote side, so scheme for such fiber extensions for example for 30
lines will look like this:

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


5
Voice PCM Fiber Multiplexers range
• You can see that you have 2 muxes, basically at the bot sides of extension
fiber. Our muxes besides 30 and more phone lines can send over same fiber
also Ethernet, E1 and even RS-232 serial ports, thus making serious economy
on fiber renting and laying costs.

• Thus, the remote uses electronics and optics to connect fiber to copper wires,
thus taking information received over the fiber and transmitting it to a
residence over a copper loop, and vice-versa.

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


6
National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬
7
DSL and DSLAMs in the Outside Plant
• Modem technology called Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) started being deployed
in the 1990s.
• ADSL uses existing copper loops to connect a modem at the customer to a
modem in the CO.
• DSL allows high speed Internet access to coexist with telephone services on a
single loop.
• To increase the bit rate that can be achieved, the network side modem was
moved into the neighborhood to decrease the distance between the
modems.
• This modem is contained in a device known as a Digital Subscriber Line Access
Multiplexer (DSLAM).

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


8
DSL and DSLAMs in the Outside Plant
• The equipment, wiring and transmission systems carrying trunks in neighborhoods is collectively known as
the outside plant.
• This remote DSLAM is usually installed in a small enclosure that is secured to the side of a larger enclosure
called a Serving Area Concept (SAC) box, or an Outside Plant Interface (OPI).
• The SAC or OPI is a wiring connection point in the neighborhood where wires in distribution cables running
down streets are connected to wires in a feeder cable from Cos.
• It is also used to connect the network-side DSL modem to the existing copper loop.
• Power and fiber-optic cables are then used to connect the remote DSLAM to the CO, and from there to the
Internet.
• The remote switch and remote DSLAM are generic fiber terminals, i.e. the fiber ends at them.

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


9
1024-port ADSL DSLAM Huawei MA5600T 10 GPON OLT for FTTB/FTTC Access
Telecommunication

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


10
DSL and DSLAMs
Eventually, most customers will use their own fiber terminal that is connected to WiFi and copper wires inside the
house. “Two Fiber Pairs for each customer terminated at the DSLAM then Copper out from the DSLAM to ended at
the CPEs”

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


11
DSL on Copper to the Premise (Brownfields)
• A neighborhood where copper wires were previously deployed is known as
a brownfield.
• In brownfields, a few hundred customers share a fiber backhaul to the
network and connect to the fiber with DSL modems using existing copper
wires for the last few hundred meters.
• Eventually, most customers will use their own fiber terminal that is connected
to WiFi and copper wires inside the house.

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


12
GPONs on Fiber to the Premise (Greenfields)
• In newly-constructed multi-tenant buildings and neighborhoods, fiber is
routinely installed to the premises. This is known as greenfields.
• Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology is often used, and 32 or
more customers typically time-share a fiber connection to the network.
• (note – there can be more customer per ONT in PON networks as per ONT
Capacity).
• A Central Splitting Point is used to connect one fiber backhaul towards the
network to 32 – 64 or more fibers that lead to customer premises.

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


13
ADSL & VDSL/ VDSL2 Network Topology

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


14
DSLAM and OLT in the same Co.

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬


15
Thank You

National Telecommunication Institute ‫المعهد القومي لالتصاالت‬

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