Name of Student: ____________________________________________________________

Grade Level & Section: ________________________

Date: _________________________________________

Disaster Readiness and

Risk Reduction
Quarter 2, LAS 4 & 5

Fire Hazard
 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 1

Name of Student: ____________________________________________________________

Learning Area – Grade Level: ________________________________________________
Date: ______________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

Natural disasters are natural phenomena. The best way to manage hazard impacts is to be aware
of how it occurs and its accompanying consequences, mitigate against, and plan for actions to
be taken before, during and after a phenomenon.

II. LEARNING SKILLS FROM THE MELCs

MELCS:
 Recognize elements of the fire triangle in different situations (DRR11/12-IIe-f-37)
 Analyze the different cause of fires (DRR11/12-IIe-f-38)
 Observe precautionary measures and proper procedures in addressing a fire incident
(DRR11/12-IIe-f-39)
 Discuss the key concepts, principles, and elements of DRR (DRR11/12-IIg-h-42)
 Recognize the importance of DRR on one’s life (DRR11/12-IIg-h-43)

III. ACTIVITIES

Activity 1.
Give the positive and negative effect of fire.
Activity 2.

Give the different kind of burn and its symptoms. Explain also what treatment should do in that kind of burn.

Activity 3.
Make a 2-3 minutes’ infomercial showing fire hazard, how to prevent it and what to do if you encounter that
situation in your home, school or community.
Activity 4.
On a short size bond paper make a poster showing awareness on fire and safety on your home, school or
community and how to prevent different causes of fire.
 Fire hazard
Fire hazard is the most common hazard, which is present in all areas of life. Most combustible materials are
stored in a normal atmosphere, which contains oxygen, and so the risk of fire is then due to the possibility of
an ignition source. Combustible liquids can vaporize and so form an oxygen–air mixture at their surface that
can be ignited. The temperature at which a liquid fuel vapor can ignite is called its flashpoint. The heat needed
for combustion to take place depends on the flashpoint if it is a liquid. Solids need a much higher temperature
to ignite.
[Link]

Prevent Fire through Good Housekeeping

2013 edition, Bureau of Fire Protection. (2013), retrieved form [Link] Fire Safety is Everyone’s Concern Did you know?

Majority of fire incidents LPG explosions due to

occur in family dwellings poorly maintained tanks
and hoses also caused 98
and mostly caused by fire accidents in the home
electrical short circuits in 2012.
and connections. In the
first quarter of 2013,
23% of fire incidents are
of this nature.

Unattended cooking is Lighted cigarette butt’s

among the most caused 271 fire incidents
frequent caused of fire. in the first quarter of
It climbed up to 533 2013.
fires in 2012 destroying
hard earned
investments.

In 2012, open flames Lighted matches and

due to unattended torch lighters consumed
(gasera) and lighted several homes resulting
candles caused 455 fire to 124 fire incidents
accidents destroying In the first quarter of
several homes all over 2013.
the country.

[Link]
The most common causes of house fires

1. Cooking equipment -Pots and pans can overheat and cause a fire very easily if the person cooking gets
distracted and leaves cooking unattended. Always stay in the room, or ask someone to watch your food, when
cooking on hotplates.

2. Heating -Keep portable heaters at least one meter away from anything that could easily catch fire such as
furniture, curtains, laundry, clothes and even yourself. If you have a furnace, get it inspected once a year to
make sure it is working to safety standards.

3. Smoking in bedrooms -Bedrooms are best to be kept off limits for smoking. A cigarette that is not put out
properly can cause a flame, as the butt may stay alit for a few hours. It could burst into flames if it came into
contact with flammable materials, such as furniture.

4. Electrical equipment -An electrical appliance, such as a toaster can start a fire if it is faulty or has a frayed
cord. A power point that is overloaded with double adapter plugs can cause a fire from an overuse of
electricity. A power point extension cord can also be a fire hazard if not used appropriately. Double check the
appliances and power points in your home.

5. Candles -Candles look and smell pretty, but if left unattended they can cause a room to easily burst into
flames. Keep candles away from any obviously flammable items such as books and tissue boxes. Always blow a
candle out before leaving a room.

6. Curious children -Kids can cause a fire out of curiosity, to see what would happen if they set fire to an
object. Keep any matches or lighters out of reach of children, to avoid any curiosity turned disaster. Install a
smoke alarm in your child’s room and practice a home escape plan with your children and family in case there
was a fire. Teach kids understand the “stop, drop, cover and roll” drill as well as knowing their address if they
needed to call.

7. Faulty wiring -Homes with inadequate wiring can cause fires from electrical hazards. Some signs to see if
you’ve bad wiring are:
1. Lights dim if you use another appliance;
2. For an appliance to work, you have to disconnect another;
3. Fuses blow or trip the circuit frequently.
Have a licensed electrician come and inspect you house, or contact your landlord if you have any of the above
occurrences.

8. Barbeques -Barbeques are great for an outdoor meal, but should always be used away from the home,
tablecloths or any plants and tree branches. Keep BBQs regularly maintained and cleaned with soapy water
and clean any removable parts. Check the gas bottle for any leaks before you use it each time.

9. Flammable liquids -If you have any flammable liquids in the home or garage such as petrol, kerosene or
methylated spirits, keep them away from heat sources and check the label before storing. Be careful when
pouring these liquids.

10. Lighting -Lamp shades and light fittings can build up heat if they are very close to light globes. Check
around the house to make sure. Lamp bases can become a hazard if they are able to be knocked over easily,
and so should be removed if they are. Check that down lights are insulated from wood paneling or ceiling
timbers.
[Link]
Understanding Fire!
Fire is a chemical reaction. It is the rapid oxidation of fuel producing heat and light. For fire to occur, all other
must be present: Heat, Fuel, Oxygen.

Safety Measures: What you should have in your home

1. Smoke Alarm Install smoke

alarms in rooms, kitchens and
other living areas. It ALERTS you
when the fire is still in a
controllable state.

2. Fire Extinguisher Have an

ABC or ABCD type of fire
extinguisher in the kitchen and
workshop areas. Know how to
use a fire extinguisher

3. Emergency Exit Plan- An emergency exit plan

is highly recommended for a family dwelling. Be
sure that your kids know and understand the
exit route and the meeting place outside your
house. An exit drill is also a fun way of getting
your children involved

[Link]
INFO: Know the types of fire! Not all kinds of fire can be extinguished with water, so things are classified into
types.

A B C D K
Light materials Flammable Energized Combustible Cooking
liquids electrical metals fuels & oils
equipment
Paper, plastics, Kerosene, paint, Plugged Sodium, zinc Frying oil, LPG
wood, leaves solvents, appliances and potassium
adhesives tools

INFO: How to use a Fire extinguisher.

[Link]
Fire Hazards: What you should watch out for:
A. Kitchen Area

 NEVER leave your kitchen while cooking!

 Matches and lighters should be in proper storage and away from children’s reach.
Keep your stove clean and grease-free, and check your LPG for leaks with soapy water.
 When frying and your pan bursts into flame, DO NOT douse it with WATER. Put the lid on or get a wet damp
cloth to cover the pan.
 Idle electrical appliances must be unplugged.
 Avoid overloading of outlets and use of worn cords.
 Do not store items above the stove top.
 Keep flammable liquids and other combustible items away from the stove when cooking.
B. Living Rooms and Bathrooms
 Do not use extension cords as permanent outlets. Make sure that extension cords are not looped on sharp
objects that could cause it to fray.
 Make sure that curtains are away from electric fan blades
 DO NOT leave an electric fan switched on when it is not rotating! Clean and oil them regularly.
 Defective appliances must be fixed immediately.
 Take extra care when using a clothes iron or rice cooker. Unplug them promptly after use.
 NEVER SMOKE IN BED!
 Put out candle lights before going to bed.
 Place a lit candle in a holder. If you have none, place it in the middle of a basin partly filled with water.
 Keep your place clean at all times. Remove dried leaves, cobwebs, loose paper, and other easy-burning
debris.

C. Storage and Garage Areas

• Keep areas clean and tidy with items properly placed for storage.
• Do not store large quantities of flammable liquids in the house and basement
areas.
 Gas/kerosene
 Paints and solvents
 Motor lubricants
 Floor wax/ liquid polishes
 Adhesives (Rugby)
 Alcohol products
• Oily rags, newspaper and other trash must be disposed in a sage waste bag or
container.
• Clean up spilled oil and grease from vehicles promptly.
• Plug your power tools straight to the wall socket. Use only heavy-duty extensions
when needed.
• Keep your garage well-ventilated to avoid build-up of fumes and heat from tools.
INFO: Why should you unplug idle appliances?
Can you guess how many appliances are plugged in your house at the moment?
Many of the electronic devices in your home are quietly drawing electricity all the time, whether you are using
them or not. As much as ten (10%) more energy is drawn by an appliance on standby mode. Imagine how
much you can save when you unplug them after use.
Despite all the safety features of modern appliances, a risk of overheat is always present, which could
also lead to household fires.
There are new smart power strips/extension cords that you could purchase at specialty hardware stores.
They automatically monitor your power usage and shuts off power supply so you could avoid the inconvenience
of removing your plugs every time.
The House is Burning!
What to do when a fire breaks out
• It takes just two (2) minutes for your house to be filled with toxic fumes from a fire. These fumes are
deadly when inhaled, and may have long-term effects in your body. Majority of deaths from fire are
caused by suffocation rather than the fire itself.
• A well-rehearsed emergency exit plan will greatly alleviate the panic you may feel during the fire.
• Try to close the door of the burning room and close all doors behind you as you leave. This will help
delay the fire and smoke.
• Before you open a door, feel it with the back of your hand to determine if the room behind it is
burning.
• Fumes and hot air usually settle at the ceiling. When the smoke is dense, the best air that you can
breathe is usually one to two feet from the floor. Crawl to the exit with a wet piece of cloth to cover
your mouth.
• Fire spreads at a very fast rate, doubling its volume every thirty seconds. Get everyone out first. Have
a bug-out pack with all your essentials. Saving your possessions may weigh you down and get you
trapped.
• Never go back to your house unless a fire fighter declares it is safe to do so. You could run into a
potential roof collapse, stumble on live wires, or could trigger a dreaded backdraft*
*backdraft is an explosion occurring when oxygen suddenly meets very hot
temperatures and fuel. It is deadly on close proximity

Worst-Case Scenario
What to do if you are trapped in the fire
• Try to position yourself in a room with windows leading outside. That way, your rescue becomes
easier.
• Alert the people outside that you are still in the burning building. Shout for help or get a light-
colored cloth and wave it outside the window. It is more visible through thick smoke.
• Seal your room. Close the door/s and patch any gaps with towels or sheets to prevent smoke
from coming in.
• When you are trapped in the upper floors of your house, try to collect bed sheets and foam.
These could help you when escaping through the window.
• Do not run when your clothes catch fire. Instead, stop moving drop to the ground and roll.
• Clear flammable debris from the window. Rip off the curtains and anything else that could burn.
Don’t break the glass. You may need to close it against smoke entering from outside. But, as long as
the air outside is fresh, open the window a bit and breathe it in.
What to do, if you exposed in fire.
If your cloths catch fire, you can quickly and effectively extinguish the fire by stopping, dropping and
rolling until the fire has been completely extinguished. By rolling round on the ground, you'll effectively be
smothering the fire out. So, yes, stopping, dropping and rolling does work to extinguish the fire.

Trivia time!!!
The average 1000-gallon fire truck can empty its
contents in less than 5 minutes

Fire fighters us a special kind of foam, called

AFFF (A-triple F) to combat oil fires.

Rescue ropes are made of nylon filaments

braided into a super strong kern mantle, which
can handle about 800 kilos in weight.

The fire fighter’s bunker coat can withstand temperature

of 260 degrees Celsius (as hot as glowing charcoal) for five
minutes.

Arson investigations use a

special machine called a Gas
Chromatograph to determine
what kind of chemical sparked the fire?
Activity 1.
Give the positive and negative effect of fire.

Positive effect Negative effect

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

A burn is a type of injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or
radiation (like sunburn). Most burns are due to heat from hot liquids (called scalding), solids, or fire.
Causes: Hot liquid or steam.
Hot metal, glass or other objects.
Electrical currents.
Radiation, such as that from X-rays.
Sunlight or other sources of ultraviolet radiation, such as a tanning bed.
Chemicals such as strong acids, lye, paint thinner or gasoline.
Abuse.
Activity 2.
Give the different kind of burn and its symptoms. Explain also what treatment, should do in that kind of burn.

Activity 3.
Make a 2-3 minutes’ infomercial showing fire hazard, how to prevent it and what to do if you encounter that
situation in your home, school or community.

Activity 4.
On a short size bond paper make a poster showing awareness on fire and safety on your home, school or
community and how to prevent different causes of fire.