MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF DAIRY FARMERS

Project Report submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

“MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION”

DHEERAVATH RAJKUMAR

20MG201110

Under the supervision of

DR. SYED MANSOOR PASHA

Assistant Professor

ANURAG UNIVERSITY
Accredited by NAAC Grade ‘A’ Accredited by NBA, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi &
Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
Venkatapur (V), Ghatkesar (M), Medchal (D) – 501301

2020-2022

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mini project report entitled “Issues and Challenges of Dairy
Farmers” has been submitted by DHEERAVATH RAJKUMAR bearing roll no 20MG201110
of first year of Master of Business Administration.

Dr. Syed Mansoor Pasha Dr. Vishnu Vandana

(Guide) (Head of the department)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my pleasure to thank Dr. Vishnu Vandana, for her valuable suggestions and also
encouraging me to carry out this analysis which has been immense learning experience of me.

I would like to express a deep indebtedness and whole heart thanks to our faculty guide Dr.
Syed Mansoor Pasha, School of Business management. His impartial and enlightened guidance
has been of immense help to me and has been paramount in this analysis work.

DHEERAVATH RAJKUMAR

20MG201110

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 DECLARATION

I Dheeravath Rajkumar hereby declare that the project on “Issues and Challenges of Dairy
Farmers” submitted by me to the School of Business Management, ANURAG UNIVERSITY,
Hyderabad is a bonafied work undertaken by me and it is not submitted to any other University
or Institution. This is a genuine analysis work undertaken by me and it has not been published
anywhere either.

DHEERAVATH RAJKUMAR

20MG201110

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

[Link]. CONTENTS PAGE NO:

CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 7

1.2 Need of the study 8

1.3 Scope of the study 8

1.4 Objectives 8

1.5 Research Methodology 8

1.6 Sources of the data 8

1.7 Limitations 9

CHAPTER-II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10-11

DATA ANALYSIS 12-20

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

4.1 FINDINGS 21

4.2 SUGGESTIONS 22

4.3 CONCLUSION 23

REFERENCES 24

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 ABSTRACT

Rural areas has the credit of having highest population of cows and buffalo in the world. Since
independence dairy industry is showing steady and robust growth. Dairy sector has seen a huge
improvement in supply chain and milk processing facilities. Despite of robust growth, cattle
farmers have not adopted modernization and are facing multiple challenges. In this article an
attempt has been made to discuss different challenges of Indian dairy industry and tried to
analyze challenges through frameworks like SWOT Analysis and Five Force Model.

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 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Dairy farmer refers to the person who rear cattle either as a main occupation or subsidiary
occupation for the purpose of milk production. The milk production may be for household
consumption or for sale or for both.

Dairy farming has been an important part of the agricultural scenario for thousands of years.
India being a predominantly agrarian economy has about 70 per cent of its population living in
villages, where livestock play a crucial role in the socio-economic life. Livestock provide high-
quality foods such as milk, cheese, butter, ghee, etc. India is not only one of the top producers of
milk in the world, but also the largest consumer of milk and milk products in the world. Due to
the shortfall in supply, we have to import significant amounts of milk products to meet internal
demand. Agriculture and animal husbandry have a symbiotic relationship, in which the
agricultural sector provides feed and fodder for the livestock and animals provide milk, manure
and draught power for various agricultural operations. Dairy sector is instrumental in bringing
socio-economic transformation in India. It has created a lot of employment opportunities and
also provides improved nutritional benefits.

In addition, the Government uses a variety of import restrictions to protect its domestic dairy
market. The huge volume of milk produced in rural is consumed almost entirely by the Indian
population itself, in a 50-50 division between urban and rural areas. Increasingly, important
consumers of the dairy industry are fast-food chains and food and non-food industries using
dairy ingredients in a wide range of products. Rural dairy industry is one of the important
industries for rural. rural is world’s largest milk producer. Milk is a cheap source of protein for
large vegetarian.

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1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY
These studies indicated that the most preferred training needs of dairy farmers in aspects and
sub-aspects of dairy farming were feeding and fodder production, breeding, balanced diet, clean
milk production, housing, marketing, finance, health care, common diseases of milking animals
and disease control.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The demand for milk is constantly increasing in cities as well as small towns and rural areas. The
factors influencing this increased demand are rapid increase in population, spread of education,
growing nutritional awareness and improved purchasing power of consumers. Dairy farming in
rural has evolved from just an agrarian way of life to a professionally managed industry. A large
number of rural at families are engaged in dairy production, for whom this is an important source
of secondary income. some farmers lose their investment instead of making profit. To ensure
maximum production and profits from dairy farming, it is essential that these farmers adopt
proper business plans and good dairy management practices.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To Understand and Highlight the Importance of Dairy farmers.

2. To identify the Challenges Encountered by the rural Dairy farmers.

3. To analyze the challenges through the frameworks like SWOT Analysis and Five Force
Model.

4. To examine the extent of participation of the dairy farmers in the activities of the village milk
cooperatives as well as the development activities of the village.

1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The above objectives are achieved by using secondary data from the various published reports,
books, internet source, journals and newspapers.

1.6 SOURCE OF DATA

Data is collected from the websites, journals, internet and newspapers.

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LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
As regards situational constraints in dairy enterprise, most of the respondents expressed their
constraints as low milk production by local breeds, shortage of green fodder, lack of clean water
and shortage of milk preservation facility in order of its nature and severity.

KEYWORDS: Challenges, Dairy farm, Cattle farmer, SWOT analysis, Five Force Model.

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 CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Dairy Co-operatives and Milk Marketing in India: Constraints and Opportunities by K.
Rajendran and Samarendu Mohanty published in the Journal of Food Distribution
Research 35(2) July 2004 Operation Flood and dairy co-operatives emerged in India as the
largest rural employment scheme, enabling the modernization of the dairy sector to a level from
where it can take off to meet not only the country’s demand for milk and milk products but can
also exploit global market opportunities. This study reviews the existing status of milk marketing
and dairy co-operatives in India and provides recommendations to meet future challenges. The
results of the study indicate that 80 percent of the milk produced by the rural producer is handled
by an unorganized sector and the remaining 20 percent is handled by an organized sector. It is
found that the dairy co-operatives play a vital role in alleviating rural poverty by augmenting
rural milk production and marketing. Involvement of intermediaries; lack of bargaining power by
the producers; and lack of infrastructure facilities for collection, storage, transportation, and
processing are the major constraints which affect the prices received by producers in milk
marketing. Milk quality, product development, infrastructure support development, and global
marketing are found to be future challenges of India’s milk marketing.

Dr. Shashikumar (2015), Presently, India is the world's largest milk producer, accounting for
more than 13% of the world's total milk production. India's dairy sector is expected to triple its
production in view of expanding potential for export to Europe and the Western countries. The
urban market for milk products is expected to grow at an accelerated pace of around 33 % per
annum to around Rs. 43,500crore by 2015 -2016. The emergence of a significant middle class,
urbanization and the expansion of modern shopping habits by busy, health conscious and well-
informed consumers is raising the consumption of packaged milk in India. Economic growth is
sustaining the purchasing power rural families also. The global opportunities available to the
Indian dairy industry arise primarily out of availability of a large quantity of competitively priced
milk.

India’s Dairy Sector in the Emerging Trade Order by Brajesh Jha of Institute of Economic
Growth, Delhi-110007 2005 (India) The growth of dairy sector during the last three decades
has been impressive. A set of government policy which created suitable price environment for
domestic milk production, is believed to be the key behind this impressive growth; the
pricebased supports are however untenable in the new trade order. With trade liberalization
decreasing trend in real price of milk is already evident; this may have different implications for

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major constituents of the dairy sector. Implications would also vary across regions since a
disaggregate analysis of the dairy sector presents considerable disparity in its growth. Present
study by adopting the economic surplus approach assesses effect of import liberalization for the
state of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Maharashtra, and Tamilnadu. The effect of import
liberalization depends on the world price of milk products, world prices are generally low in the
Oceania countries and imports at such a low price has increased consumers’ benefits, increase in
consumers’ benefits is significantly higher than the losses to the producers causing increase in
the aggregate benefits. The study further quantifies the loss in employment because of free
imports of milk products at low price. The study found that the effect of import liberalization has
been significantly higher for the coastal states as compared to the land-locked states of the
country. The study finally discusses some ways to protect the long run interest of India’s dairy
sector without falling foul of the WTO.

Strategies for Sustainable Dairy Production in India (Indian Dairyman 2006) “The
industry’s major contribution in providing newer avenues for employment, both direct and
indirect, and its role in improving the nutritional standards of our people also add to the
importance that needs to be attached to this sector during the 21 st century.” The contribution of
dairy animal is widely recognized. Our country is blessed with vast dairy resource. Dairy
farming involves a group of interaction of many factors that influence production &
reproduction, environment and management. Dairy cooperatives cover about 60,000 villages all
over India and only 12-14 per cent of total milk production is canalized through organized sector.
Concerted efforts should, therefore be directed towards unorganized dairy farmers by providing
necessary inputs and make them to adopt newer milk production technologies. India has become
the world’s largest milk producer but its share in the world milk trade is very minimum. An
attempt to identify problems of the farmers and to resolve the same for improving the export
earning and higher returns to dairy farmers is discussed in this paper. Various tips have also been
given for efficient identification and formulation of dairy husbandry.

Market-Oriented Smallholder Dairying Research – Working Document III by Mohammad

A. Jabbar, Emmanuel Tambi and Gary Mullins of International Livestock Research
Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya, March 1997 The dairy industry in the developing countries
has a number of specific features which distinguish it from the other sectors of agriculture and
have particular implications for marketing (Jaffee, 1995; Schelhaas, 1995). into a more stable,
longer-storable form. The quality of milk depends on farm management practices, and milk is
potentially subject to adulteration, so strict and comprehensive quality regulations may be
necessary when marketing involves more than direct delivery by producers to consumers.
Second, the vast majority of the dairy farmers are small-scale producers, who produce milk as a
source of regular cash income. Dairy production is a labour-intensive enterprise, and dairy
marketing activities often provide substantial employment. However, because of asset fixity
(high percentage of fixed costs), dairy enterprises often respond to market changes and
incentives in a limited and gradual way. Third, milk can be used to make a wide range of high

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quality palatable and nutritious products, which often imply substantial value added over the
costof the raw material. When production and consumption points are far apart and demand
increase rapidly, processing of dairy products becomes very important.

DATA COLLECTIONS

CHALLENGES OF VILLAGE DAIRY FARMER

High cost in milk handling and marketing

In rural dairy penetration is much less. Majority of milk is collected by private players and either
sold to private dairies or to other member of channel. Milk passes through several level till it
reach to pasteurization facility in dairy. After milk reaches to daily milk also passes through
several distribution channel this also increase cost of milk. Whole process has double the milk
price. In cooperative dairy purchases one litre of milk from farmers at the rate of 25 to 28
Rs/litre. And consumer due to high milk handling cost these dairies sell milk at the rate of 48 to
52 Rs/litre. However there is good scope for reducing the number of agencies handling the milk
to reduce the cost of handling and it is possible to significantly reduce the retail price of milk.

Poor quality milk due to unhygienic milk handling

Main reason of poor quantity of milk is due to unhygienic and poor condition of animal farms
and dairies. Even due to high demand in foreign country we cannot export such poor quality of
milk product. Many times milk products get rejected in foreign nations due to unhygienic
milking milk contains high number of microbial count. Reasons behind the quality affected are
due to poor health of animal, polluted water and food and Unclean surrounding in farm. So it is
necessary to consider all this challenges in improving milk production. Currently most of the
milking animals are not screened on regular interval of time. So there is lots of chances that some
diseases can transmitted to human beings. Farmers use antibiotics and chemical drugs to increase
the production of milk this will also affect the quality of milk. These issues can be avoided by
regular screening of animals in animal husbandry and also maintaining history records of health,
feed etc. Quality of feed should be checked regularly. There must be pollution control in the feed
and water used in cattle farms.

Shortage of feed/fodder
There is an excessive number of unproductive animals which compete with productive dairy
animals in the utilization of available feeds and fodder.  The grazing area is being reduced
markedly every year due to industrial development resulting in shortage of supply of feeds and
fodder to the total requirement. Ever increasing gap between demand and supply in feeds and
fodder limits performance of dairy animals. Moreover, provision of poor quality of forage to

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dairy cattle restricts animal production system. The low capability of purchasing feeds and
fodder by the small and marginal farmers and agricultural labourers engaged in dairy
development result in inadequate feeding. Non-supplementation of mineral mixture results in
mineral deficiency diseases. High-cost Feeding reduces the profits of the dairy industry.

Breeding system
Late maturity, in most of the Indian cattle breeds, is a common problem. There is no effective
detection of heat symptoms during oestrus cycle by the cattle owners. The calving interval is on
the increase resulting in a reduction in efficiency of animal performance. Diseases causing
abortion leads to economic loss to the industry. Mineral, hormone and vitamin deficiencies lead
to fertility problems.

Education and Training

A vigorous education and training programmes on good dairy practices could result in the
production of safe dairy products, but to succeed they have to be participative in nature. In this
regard, education and training of all the employees is essential so that they understand what they
are doing and develop a sense of ownership. However developing and implementing such
programs in the dairy sector requires a strong commitment from the management, which at
times, is a stumbling block.

Health
Veterinary health care centres are located in far off places. The ratio between cattle population
and veterinary institution is wider, resulting in inadequate health services to animals. No regular
and periodical vaccination schedule is followed, regular deworming programme is not done as
per schedule, resulting in heavy mortality in calves, especially in buffalo. No adequate immunity
is established against various cattle diseases.

Hygiene Conditions
Many cattle owners do not provide proper shelter to their cattles leaving them exposed to
extreme climatic conditions. Unsanitary conditions of cattle shed and milking yards, leads to
mastitis conditions. Unhygienic milk production leads to a reduction in storing quality and
spoilage of milk and other products.

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Marketing and Pricing
Dairy farmers are not getting remunerative price for milk supply. Due to the adoption of
extensive crossbreeding programme with Holstein Friesian breed, the fat content of crossbreed
cow's milk is on the declining condition and low price is offered as the milk price is estimated on
the basis of fat and solid nonfat milk content. There is also a poor perception of the farmers, due
to lack of marketing facilities and extension services, towards commercial dairy enterprise as an
alternative to other occupation.

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2.2 DATA ANALYSIS

MILK QUALITY
Milk quality was mentioned as a key characteristic of an ideal dairy farm. the ideal dairy farm
should primarily be dedicated to produce high quality milk. An ideal dairy farm is one that
produces high quality milk for human consumption. Four advisors referenced the use of
chemicals by farmers. for example: Agroecological production because it does not contaminate
the milk with insecticides and other chemicals without hormones, just homeopathy or antibiotics
in case an animal's life is on risk.

ANIMAL WELFARES
Farmers and advisors also cited the term animal welfare. Milk quality and animal welfare should
be priorities. The term was often associated with facilities and management. The farm needs to
provide welfare to the animals, but not just the climate comfort aspect that significantly affects
production, also with rational management, without any violence with the cows. animal welfare,
in terms of facilities as well as management. Animal comfort was related to animal housing and
productivity, respects housing conditions and comfort to the animals Where the animal has
maximum comfort to produce its maximum. Only a few demonstrated concerns about the
affective states of animals, An adequate environment for the animals and for the workers. It does
not matter if it is pasture or confinement, the cow should have high quality food, water, a place
with shade to rest, good milking management and, when necessary, fast and efficient
interventions to avoid animal suffering. Where animals are respected, not just used.

ECONOMICS
The main characteristic of an ideal dairy farm, according to farmers and advisors, were related to
factors that they perceived as affecting profitability, such as production, productivity and
economic viability, good profitability, good productivity, lots of efficiency increases in
productivity lead to more profit to farmers. Farmers producing all the necessary resources needed
on the farm was cereals, electricity, Ideally a self-sustaining system, that is one that produces
absolutely no impact and can rely exclusively on resources generated by the farm. Efficiency
was used in terms of use of resources, A farmers high efficiency in the use of available
resources, like land, water, labor, etc. I imagine an ideal farm producing milk at low costs, which
means pasture based, but with technology, to be an efficient system.

SOCIAL CONCERNS
Farmers and advisors placed great emphasis on the quality of life of farmers and workers. They
cited characteristics such as the wellbeing of people, quality of life, comfort, happiness, social
responsibility, dignity, and the need for rest on weekends and vacations. The family or people

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involved on that work must have vacations and guarantee for salary so they can they live well,
with health insurance, good housing and leisure, A dairy farm that can warrant dignified
conditions and less workload for the workers. Also, advisors expressed a specific concern about
rural succession for example, An essential issue is to support youth, they will ensure continuity
of the work; they should be supported to continue in the business and ensured that is life quality
in the countryside. Some justified profitability as a desired feature due to social concerns With
profitability the producer can invest in the activity and provide higher quality of life for himself
and his family Farmer Good productivity and profit to provide comfort and quality of life. One
advisor commented about sex differences in leadership roles on dairy farms, I would like that
women had power of decision in this activity dairy and not just the family men.

ENVIRNOMENT
Some participants of these groups showed awareness that animal welfare and environmental
concerns are characteristics demanded by the lay citizens for example, An ideal dairy farm
should have specialized workers and management based on animal welfare. I believe that this is
a great basis for dairy production because it will meet, in the future, the expectations of
consumers, besides being ethically coherent with the modern concepts of animal production.
Environmental issues were discussed broadly in terms of the farm practices adhering to
legislation, avoiding harm and preserving the environment ecologically correct. With the best
possible use of energy and natural resources.

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SWOT ANALYSIS OF RURAL DAIRY AND FARMERS
Strengths
 Large number of livestock population is vital asset for rural dairy industry. Sustainable
reproduction can assure future supply and will continue to propel industry growth.

 rural milk animal has very low milk productivity; there is a huge scope of improvement in
terms of milk productivity of animals.

 With continues growth in economy there is a growth in the income of middle class population
this result in to high purchasing power.

 In rural milk consumption is a part of people’s daily dietary habit this assure steady growth in
milk demand.

 Cheap labor availability of low cost fodder in form of farm residual keeps the cost of milk
production low.

 rural has well developed cooperatives structure and large number of milk cooperatives help
farmer in getting proper milk price.

Weaknesses
 Penetration of cross breeds and high yielding animal are limited and Indian dairy farmers have
large number of low milk yielding animals

 Veterinary education has not percolated to the last man who is involved in the Dairy industry.

 Lack of road connectivity and poor infrastructure are major challenge for dairy farms in terms
of supplying their raw milk to processing facility.

 Majority of dairy farmers are unaware about modern scientific dairy farming techniques, clean
milk production and integrated supply chain.

 Low growth rate, low returns on investment, lack of research, lack of reliable milk production
data are reason that investor are not willing to invest in dairy farming Threats

 Urbanization, Industrialization and excessive grazing have put pressure on grazing lands.
Result into complete degradation of grazing land.

 Crossbreeds have created threat many valuable indigenous cattle breeds. Adulteration,
Synthetic milk etc. has decreased milk buyer’s confidence. Eventfully milk consumers can shift
to other options.

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 Substitutes like soya milk; coconut milk etc. can replace farm cattle milk.

 Middleman are still controlling majority of milk procurements. Serious steps should be taken to
reduce that.

 There is a gross lack of awareness among farmers about the quality parameters, including
microbiological and chemical contaminants as well as residual antibiotics.

Opportunities
 With opening up of Indian economy milk producer has huge opportunity to sell products in
global market

 High economy growth has created opportunity to invest in dairy farmers.

 Forward integration with milk cooperatives can improve the productively and profitability of
dairy farmers.

 Cooperative animal rearing and animal hostels can unlock the potential

 Dairy farm can adopt new technologies that can improve productivity, operations and
profitability.

FIVE FORCE MODEL FOR RURAL DAIRY FARMER

[Link] in the industry

 low cost milk production and low cost milk and milk product exports this has created pressure
on milk prices.

 A cattle rearing is common profession in rural, majority of farmers has adopted cattle rearing
as there secondary profession. This is a main cause of cut throat competition and stagnancy in
milk prices.

 Many religions organization has started dairy farms (Gavu Shala). This has intensified the
competition.

Conclusion: rural dairy farms have always seen cut throat competitions.

Opportunity: By adopting modern technology and good governance dairy farmers can reduce
cost of milk production. This will help them to position themselves ahead of others.

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2. Potential of new entrants into the industry
 With the increase in milk prices in urban India MNC and corporate start cattle farms with
huge capital investments.

 Milk processing units can do backward integration by developing own cattle farms.

Conclusion: Thus there is high potential of new entrance in rural dairy far business.

Opportunity: Milk producer can form own cooperatives and integrate themselves with milk
processing companies to reduce the threat from new entrance.

[Link] of Suppliers
 Dairy farms usually grow fodder in their own farms.

 Dairy farms can easily get veterinary facility from milk cooperatives and governments
institutes.

Conclusion: rural dairy farms have high bargaining power over their suppliers.

Opportunity: As bargaining power of supplier is limited dairy farms can leverage their
procurement and relies on external supplier to increase milk production.

[Link] of Customers
 Milk has very short life span so milk producer has to sell milk at the rate given by milk buyers.

 Operation cost of running animal husbandry is very high so milk producers sell milk
immediately in order to avoid cash crunch.

 Cost of holding milk in milk chillers is very high and it is not affordable for small farmers so
they have to sell milk immediately.

Conclusion: Dairy Farms have very less bargaining power over their customers.

Opportunity: Dairy farms can do forward integration with milk buys or they can from their
own cooperatives to hold and sell milk. So by forward integration they can reduce bargaining
power of customers.

5. Threat of Substitutes

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  Milk from Soya and coconut can be threat to rural dairy farms. With help of modern
technology manufactures has started producing cottage cheese, paneer and other milk products
form Soya milk.

 Other substitute product like low cost vegetable ghee is a potential substitute of Ghee.

Conclusion: New research and developments has increase the threat of milk substitutes.

Opportunity: Low cost production, Organic dairy farming, retaining high nutrients value in
milk and adopting modernizing dairy farms can reduce the threat of substitute products.

Milk production and per capita

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FINDINGS
The major findings of the study are scripted under the following headings.

1. Socio Economic profile of the Dairy Farmers.

2. Dairy Farming and Allied Aspects and constraints experienced by farmers in Dairying.

[Link] of Dairy Farmers about the policies and programmes in Dairy Sector.

[Link] of Dairy farmers about Cooperation and their Commitment to dairy cooperative
society.

[Link] of dairy farmers in the activities and development activities of the village.

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2.3 SUGGESTIONS
From this article there has been identified some of the suggestions that help the rural Dairy
Farmers to get more yield in milking, earning good price for the milk etc.

 Milk producer can form own cooperatives and integrate themselves with milk processing
companies to reduce the threat from new entrance.

 To achieve high yield in the milk production the farmers have to concentrate more towards
maintain cross breeds animals with high milking capacity instead of maintaining more animals
with less milking capacity.

 Dairy farmers in India should take proper care of the health of the cows and buffalo through
proper feeding, Water management, Hygienic atmosphere, Housing, regular health check – ups
of the animals.

 To reduce the retail price and to earn good amount for the milk sold by farmer, there should
not be multiple agencies in handling the milk.

 Should focus on Co-operative animal rearing and animal hostels to unlock the potential of
Dairy.

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2.4 CONCLUSION
Rural is one of the highest milk producing country then also per capita milk production in Indian
is much low compare to other milk producing county. rural is not able to meet its local milk
demand. The average milk production per cow and buffalo per year in India is too low. Rural
cattle farm is working on very low efficiency. Due to lack of knowledge, lack of proper medical
history the mortality of cattle is too high. Cattle farmer also face problem in maintaining
vaccination and health history of his livestock. Other major challenges of dairy farmers are
inefficient supply chain and traditional way of rearing cattle. For the revival of farmers now it
become necessary to adopt modernization in cattle farms, Increase the use of technology and
shifting towards organized way of cattle rearing.

Two very significant factors for the growth of the dairy sector are dairy development activities
and milk prices paid to farmers. In the liberated policy environment, any player can procure milk
in any region. This is a very different situation from the earlier concept of milk sheds, which
limited the agency or organization procuring milk to a particular area.

Dairy farmer organizations can be used as a platform to address issues regarding availability of
all inputs, including feed, fodder, breeding, veterinarian services, medicines, vaccines, credit and
insurance. As is evident from the examples presented previously, the GCMMF has been the most
successful in meeting the input requirements of farmers. However, this model has not been
successful in other states because of issues with the basic organization of cooperatives.

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REFERENCES
1. Dr. K.G. Karmakar & Dr G.D. Banerjee. (2016, September 09). Opportunities And Challenges
in The Indian Dairy Industry. Retrieved May 16, 2017, from Dairy News of India:
[Link] opportunities-Indian-dairy-industry /#. WRRN YKV 942wB. Smith, “An
approach to graphs of linear forms (Unpublished work style),” unpublished.

2. Dairy farm guide. (2017). SWOT Analysis of Dairy Farming Business. Retrieved April
02,2017, from Dairy farm guide: [Link]
[Link]

3. Arun mozhi M. (2019) An easy guide to understand Research Methodology, A simplified

approach of Research Methods and Techniques, Institute of Management Development and

Research

4. (Dr K.G. Karmakar & Dr G.D. Banerjee, 2016)

5. (Dairy farm guide, 2017)

6. Ravi Jadawala, Pursuing [Link] in Rural Management, Faculty of Management and

Technology at Gujarat Vidhyapathi.

7. Dr. Satish Patel, Asst Professor, Dept. of Rural Management, Faculty of Management and
Technology at Gujarat Vidhyapathi.

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