MATHEMATICS GRADE 9

Name of Learner: Grade Level:

Section: Date:
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Solving Variations

Background Information for Learners

Your skill in recognizing patterns and knowledge in formulating equations helped you
answer the questions in the previous activities. Let us now try to solve problems involving
variation.
Let us consider the following steps in solving Variation Problems.
Step 1: Set up the formula
Step 2: Find the missing constant k, using the first set of data given then, formulate the
equation.
Step 3: Using the formula and the constant k, find the missing in the problem.
In the previous LAS, you had learned that there is a DIRECT VARIATION
whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers in which their ratio is constant.
Mathematically, “y varies directly as x” can be written as 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙 or to find the constant
x 1 x2
we use 𝒌 =y/x to find the missing pair, we can also establish a proportion =
y1 y2

Examples:
1. If y varies directly as x, and x = 6 when y = 12, find y when x = 15.
a. Express the statement “y varies directly as x” as 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥.
b. Solve for the constant k from the first given x = 12 when y = 6.
𝒚 𝒌 =𝟐
𝟏𝟐
𝒌= 𝒌 = 𝟔
𝒙

𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙
c. Substitute the equation from the second given find y when x = 15.
𝑦 = 2𝑥
𝑦 = 2(15)
𝑦 = 30
Hence, 𝒚 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓.

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 2. If 12 flowerpots cost ₱156, how much do 28 flowerpots
cost? Solution 1:
a. This is the situation of direct variation as more flowerpots, result in more cost.
This means that the amount of flowerpots varies directly with the number of
flowerpots, thus in 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙, y is the cost and x is the number of flowerpots.
b. Solve for the constant & formulate the equation:
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 156
156 = 12𝑘
𝑘 = 13
𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑𝒙

c. Find the missing in the problem: How much do 28 flowerpots cost?

𝑥 = 28, 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛
𝑦 = 13𝑥
Substitute: 𝑦 = 13(28)
𝑦 = 364

𝑥2
Solution 2: Using the proportion 𝑥1
= , where 𝑥 = 12, 𝑦 = 156, 𝑥 = 28 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 =
𝑦 𝑦2 1 1 2 2
𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛. 1

12
Substituting the values, we get 28
= 𝑦2 156

156 28) = 12𝑦2

(
4,368 12𝑦2
12 = 12
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟒
Therefore, 28 flower pots cost ₱ 364.00

3. A carpenter’s daily pay is directly proportional to the number of hours worked. Carpenters’
pay is P 520 for 8 hours of work. Find the amount of pay for 31 hours.

x 1 x2
Using the proportion = where x 1=520, y 1=8 hours , x 2=unknown
y1 y2
y 2=31 hours .

520 x 2
 =
8 31
 520(31)=(8) x 2
 16120=(8) x 2

 16120/8= x 2
Therefore, P 2015.00 is the pay
 2015 = x 2 for 31 hours of work
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INVERSE VARIATION occurs whenever a situation produces pair of numbers whose product
is constant or in symbols: 𝒌 = 𝒙𝒚. For two quantities x and y, an increase in x causes a decrease
in y or vice versa. We can say that y varies inversely as x or
𝒌
𝒚= .
𝒙
The statement, “y varies inversely as x,” translates to y = 𝑘. where k is the constant of
𝑥
variation.
To solve for the constant, we use 𝑘 = 𝑥𝑦.
To solve for any pairs, we can use 𝒙𝟏𝒚𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐𝒚𝟐.

Examples:
1. Find the missing variable: y varies inversely with x. If y = -4 when x = 2, find y when
x = -6.
a. Set up the formula “y varies inversely as x” 𝑦 = 𝑘.
as 𝑥

b. Solve for the constant k from the first given If y = -4 when x = 2,

𝒌 = 𝒙𝒚 𝒌 = 𝟐(−𝟒) 𝒌 = −𝟖
𝟖
𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒚 = −
𝒙
c. Find the missing in the problem: Substitute the equation from the second given to
find y when x = -6
−8
𝑦 =
𝑥
−8
𝑦=
−64
𝑦=
𝟒
Hence, 𝒚 = 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = −𝟔 3
𝟑
2. The time (t) required to clean a classroom varies inversely to the number of
students(n) cleaning. If 7 students can clean the room in 40 minutes, in how many
minutes can 10 students clean the room?
a. How do the time and the number of students cleaning affect each other?
b. What mathematical equation can represent the relation?
c. Is there a constant number involved? Explain the process that you have used in
finding out.

Solution 1: The time varies inversely as the number of students. More students, the lesser time
will it take to finish the job.
𝑘
a. Let d be the distance and w be the weight, thus 𝑡 =
𝑛
Solve for the constant: 𝑡 = 40𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑛=7
𝑘 = 𝑛𝑡
𝑘 = 7(40)
𝑘 = 280
𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎
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 𝒏
b. Solve what is asked: In how many minutes can 10 students clean the room?
280
Using the equation 𝑡 = , Substitute n=10.
𝑛

𝑡 = 280
𝑛
𝑡 = 280
10
𝒕 = 𝟐𝟖
Solution 2:
We can use 𝒙𝟏𝒚𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐𝒚𝟐.
Where: 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟕, 𝒚𝟏 = 𝟒𝟎, 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒖𝒏𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘𝒏
Substitute:
7(40) = 10𝑦2
280 = 10𝑦2
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟖
Hence, it will take 28 minutes for 10 students to clean the room.

Another type of variation is the JOINT VARIATION which is the same as direct
variation with two or more variables.
The statement, “y varies jointly as x and z,” translate to y = kxz where k is the constant of
variation.
Examples:
1. If a varies jointly as b and the square root of c, and a = 21 when b = 5 and c = 36, find
a when b = 8 and c = 225.
Solution:
a.
Set up the formula: 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏√𝑐
b.
Find the missing constant k: Use the given a = 21 when b = 5 and c = 36

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 Substitute: 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏√𝑐
21 = 𝑘(5)√36
21 = 5 ∙ 6𝑘
21 = 30𝑘
21 30𝑘
=
30 30
21 7
𝑘= 𝑜𝑟
30 10
𝟕
𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒂 = 𝒃√𝒄
𝟏𝟎
c.
Using the equation, solve for what is asked: Find a when b = 8 and c = 225.
7
𝑎 = 𝑏√𝑐
7 10
𝑎 = (8)(√225)
10 7
𝑎 = (120)
10
𝑎 = 84
Hence, a=84 when b=8 and c=225.

2. The area of a rectangle varies jointly as the length and the width, and whose A = 72
sq. cm when l = 12 cm and w = 2cm. Find the area of the rectangle whose length is 15
cm and whose width is 3 cm.
Solution:
a.
Set up the formula: 𝐴 = 𝑘𝑙𝑤
b.
Find the missing constant k:
Use the given: 𝐴 = 72, 𝑙 = 12 𝑤=2
72 = 𝑘(12)(2)
72 = 24𝑘
𝑘=3
𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑨 = 𝟑𝒍𝒘
c.
Find the missing in the problem:
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑙 = 15 𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 3 𝑐𝑚,
𝐴 = 3𝑙𝑤
𝐴 = (3)(15)(3)
𝑨 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓 𝒔𝒒. 𝒄𝒎
Hence, A=135sq.cm when l=15 and w=3

Another type of variation is the COMBINED VARIATION wherein it describes a

situation where a variable depends on two (or more) other variables, and varies directly with
some of them and varies inversely with others.
Steps in solving combined variation problem:

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 The statement, “y varies directly as x and inversely as z,” translate to y = 𝑘𝑥 where k is
𝑧
the constant of variation.

Examples:
1. If x varies directly as y and inversely as z. If x = 15 when y = 20 and z = 40, find x
when y = 12 and z = 20.
𝑘𝑦
a. Set up the equation: : 𝑥 =
𝑧
b. Find the Missing Constant: Use x=15 y=20 z=40
𝑘(20)
15 =
15(40) =4020𝑘
600 = 20𝑘
600 20𝑘
=
20 20
𝑘 = 30
30𝑦
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑥 =
𝑧
c. Find the missing in the problem: Find x when y = 12 and z = 20.
30(12)
𝑥=
20
360
𝑥=
20
𝑥 = 18

Therefore, x=18 when y=12 and z=20.

2. The number of minutes needed to solve an exercise set of variation problems varies
directly as the number of problems and inversely as the number of students working
on the solutions. It takes 36 minutes for 4 students to solve 18 problems. How many
minutes will it take 6 students to solve 42 problems.
Solution:
a. Set up the Equation: Let m be the number of minutes
s be the number of students
p be the number of problems
𝑘𝑝
𝑚=
𝑘𝑝
𝑠
b. Solve for the constant: 𝑚 = , m=36, s= 4, p=18
𝑠

36 = 18𝑘
4
36(4) = 18𝑘
144 = 18𝑘
144 18𝑘
=
18 18
𝑘 =8
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 𝟖𝒑
𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒎 =
𝒔
c. Solve: s=6 p=42 m=unknown
8(42)
𝑚=
6
336
𝑚=
6
𝑚 = 56
Thus, it will take 56 minutes for 6 students to solve 42 problems.

Learning Competency with Code:

Solves problems involving variation (M9AL-IIb-c-1)

Directions: The activities below require you to solve critically. Study it carefully and answer
with honesty.

Activity 1: Table-riffic!
Directions: Solve for the missing values below then answer the questions that follow.
A. If “𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑠𝑥”, find:
Hint: 𝒌=𝒚 𝒚𝟏 𝒚𝟐
𝒙
𝒙𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐

𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟏 𝒌 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
12 36 10
21 7 35
5 12 24
13 6 20
5 4 9

B. If “𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑠 𝑥” find:

𝒌 = 𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝟏𝒚𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐𝒚𝟐
Hint:

𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟏 𝒌 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
6 -3 4
8 40 10
12 13 6
7 14 5
-1 4 3

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Activity 2: Oh My Hero!
Directions: Solve for the missing variable in the following direct and inverse variations.
Choose your answer below. Just write the name of the hero that has the answer beside each
number. SHOW YOUR SOLUTION.
1. y varies directly as x, and y= 16 when x = 8. Find y when x = 16.
2. a varies inversely as b and a=12 when b=8, find a when b=6.
3. Y varies inversely as x and y=10 when x=5, find y when x=15.
4. a varies directly as b, and a = 7 when b = 2. Find b when a = 21.
5. y varies directly as x, and y = 9 when x = 3/2. Find y when x = 4.
6. y varies directly with x. If y = -4 when x = 2, find x when y = -6.
7. y varies inversely with x. If y = 40 when x = 16, find x when y =
-5.
8. y varies inversely as x and y=6 when x=3, find y when x=2.
9. A mailman can sort out 345 letters in 3 hours. If the number of
letters varies directly as the number of working hours , how many letters can he sort it 7
hours?
10. It takes two painters 9 hours to scrape a house. How long would
it take four painters to scrape the same house?

16 Dr. Jose P. Rizal -128 Lapu-Lapu

National Hero First Filipino Hero
6 Marcelo H. Del Pilar 24 Emilio Jacinto
Greatest Journalist of the Brains of Katipunan
Propaganda Movement
9 Juan Luna 4½ Gen. Antonio Luna
Greatest Filipino Painter Greatest General of the
85 Mariano Ponce Revolution
Editor of La Solidaridad 3 Diego Silang
32 Andres Bonifacio Leader of the Ilokano Revolt
Father of the Philippine 10/3 Melchora Aquino
Revolution Mother of Katipunan

Activity 3: Solve Me!

Directions: Solve the following problems on Combined Variation. Show your Solution.
For 1-3: If b varies directly as c and inversely as the square of d, and b = 12, when c = 16 and
d = 2, find:
1. b when c = 2 and d = 4
2. c when d = 3 and b = 4
3. d when b = 1 and c = 12
For 4-5: If x varies directly as y³ and inversely as √𝑧. If x = 8 when y = 2 and z = 4, find
4. x when y = 3 and z = 9.
5. y when x=4 and z=16

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 6. y varies directly as x and inversely as z. If y = 5 when x = 3 and z = 4, find y when x
= 6 and z = 8.
7. x varies directly as y and inversely as z. If x = 7 when y = 2 and z = 4, find x when y
=3 and z = 6.
8. a varies directly as b and c and inversely as d² and a = 12 when b = 4, c = 9 and d = 6.
Find a when b = 3, c = 12 and d = 4.
9. Reds varied directly as yellows and inversely as greens squared. If 100 reds and 40
yellows went with 10 greens, how may reds went with 20 yellows and only 5 greens?
10. Cows varied directly as goats and inversely as pigs squared. When a farm contained
5 cows there were 4 pigs and only 2 goats. How many goats went with 6 pigs and 10 cows?

Rubrics for Scoring (Activities 1-4)

2 points each with complete solution and correct answer
1 point if solved with minor error in the solution and with incorrect answer

Activity 4: Is This Real?

Directions: Analyze and solve each problem below. Follow the steps in solving problem.

1. If a car travels between two cities in 3 hours at an average speed of 60 miles per hour,
how long would it take at an average speed of 90 miles per hour?
2. The number of kilograms of water in a human body varies directly as the mass of the
body. A 96-kg person contains 64 kg of water. How many kilograms of water are in a
60-kg person?
3. The number of girls varied directly as the number of boys and inversely as the number
of teachers. When there were 50 girls, there were 20 teachers and 10 boys. How many
boys were there when there were 10 girls and 100 teachers?
4. Strawberries varied jointly as plums and tomatoes. If 500 strawberries went with 4
plums and 25 tomatoes, how many plums would go with 40 strawberries and 2
tomatoes?
5. The time required to do a job varies inversely as the number of people working. It
takes 5hr for 7 carpenters to build a retaining wall. How long will it take 10 carpenters
to complete the job?

Rubrics for Scoring

5- Set up the formula correctly, the formulated equation is correct and arrived at the correct
answer.
4- Set up the formula correctly, formulated the correct equation but there is a little an error in
the solution.
3- Set up the formula correctly, equation is correctly formulated but the solution is incorrect.
2- Set up the formula correctly, formulation of the equation is and the solution is incorrect.
1-followed the steps in solving problem but all are incorrect.

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Reflection
In our lives, we may have our companions (direct) who would always hold our hands
on their way up, while sometimes there are those who oppose us (inverse) who wants us
down while on their way up. Whatever may happen, as long as you are with your family,
friends and with the Lord and join them as you fight this battlefield, you will become
successful. How do you plan to use your variations? Do you do it Directly, Inversely, Jointly
or Combined? Why?

References

Mathematics 9 Learners Material pp.194-222

https://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/direct/direct.html
https://www.chipola.edu/instruct/math/ClassMaterials/MAT%200024%20094/Chapter%203
%20094/Sect%203.x%20VARIATION%20094.pdf
https://sites.google.com/view/qpegqzdjqm/Combined-Variation-Word-Problems-Worksheet-
Pdf http://www.wallace.ccfaculty.org/book/1.7%20Variation
%20Practice.pdf https://www.math-only-math.com/worksheet-on-
inverse-variation.html

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 Answer Key
Activity 1: Table-riffic!
Direct Variation
𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟏 𝒌 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
12 36 3 10 30
3 21 7 5 35
5 12 12/5 10 24
13 78 6 20 120
5 4 4/5 9 36/5

Inverse Variation
𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟏 𝒌 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
6 -3 -18 4 -9/2
8 5 40 10 4
12 13 156 26 6
2 7 14 14/5 5
-1 4 -4 3 -4/3

Activity 2: Oh My Hero!

ANDRES BONIFACIO 1. y varies directly as x, and y= 16 when x = 8. Find y when x = 16.

JOSE RIZAL 2. a varies inversely as b and a=12 when b=8, find a when b=6.
MELCHORA AQUINO 3. Y varies inversely as x and y=10 when x=5, find y when x=15.
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR4. a varies directly as b, and a = 7 when b = 2. Find b when a = 21.
EMILIO JACINTO 5. y varies directly as x, and y = 9 when x = 3/2. Find y when x = 4.
DIEGO SILANG 6. y varies directly with x. If y = -4 when x = 2, find x when y = -6.
LAPU-LAPU 7. y varies inversely with x. If y = 40 when x = 16, find x when y =
-5. JUAN LUNA
8. Jestoni uses 10 liters of gasoline to travel 100kilometers, how
many liters of gasoline will he need on a trip of 900 kilometers?
MARIANO PONCE 9. A mailman can sort out 345 letters in 3 hours. If the number of
letters varies directly as the number of working hours , how many letters can he sort it 7
hours? GEN. ANTONIO LUNA10. It takes two painters 9 hours to scrape a house. How long
would it take three painters to scrape the same hous

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Activity 3: Solve Me!
3
1. 𝑏 =
8
2. 𝑐 = 12
3. 𝑑 = 6
4. 𝑥 = 18
5. 𝑦 = 2
6. 𝑦 = 5
7. 𝑥 = 7
8. 𝑎 = 27
9. 200 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑠
10. 9 𝑔𝑜𝑎𝑡𝑠
Activity 4: Take Me To Your Real World
1. 2 Hours
2. 40kg
3. 10 boys
4. 4 plums
5. 3.5 hours

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