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se/std-607318
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8457-2
First edition
1989-09-01
Steel wire rod -
Part 2:
Quality requirements for unalloyed steel wire rods for
conversion to wire
Fif-machine en acier -
Partie 2: Prescrip tions de quakt+ pour fil-machine en acier non allik destink 5 Ia
fabrication de fils
Reference number
ISO 8457-2 : 1989 (E)
This preview is downloaded from [Link]. Buy the entire standard via [Link]
ISO 8457-2 : 1989 IE)
Foreword
ISO (the international Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International Standard ISO 8457-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17,
S teel.
ISO 8457 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Steel wire rod:
- Part 7: Dimensions and tolerantes
- Part 2: Quality requiremen ts for unalle yed s teel wire rods for conversion to
wie
- Part 3: Quality requkemen ts for wire rods for the manufacture of welding elec-
trodes
0 ISO 1989
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without Permission in
writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8457-2: 1989 (E)
Steel wire rod -
Part 2:
Quality requirements for unalloyed steel wire rods for conversion
to wire
1 Scope ISO 4948-2 : 1981, Steels - Classifica tion - Part 2 ,=
Classifica tion of unalloyed and alle y steels according to main
quality classes and main property or applica tion charac teris tics.
1 .l This part of ISO 8457 specifies requirements for wire rods
of unalloyed steel listed in table 1, of diameters 5 mm and over,
ISO 8457- 1 : 1989, Steel wire rod - Part 7: Dimensions and
and which are intended for conversion to wire by cold drawing
tolerantes.
or by cold rolling.
1.2 The wire rods may be of round, half-round, Square, hex-
agonal or rectangular Cross-section, the dimensions and 3 Definition and designation
tolerantes of which are given in ISO 8457-1.
For the purposes of this part of ISO 3457, the following defini-
tion applies.
1.3 This part of ISO 8457 does not cover the following steel
wire rods, some of which are covered by other International
wire rod: A hot-rolled finished product hot wound into
Standards:
irregular coils primarily intended for wire drawing.
- wire rod intended for cold heading (covered by
ISO 4954 : 1979, Steels for cold heading and cold ex- Designation
truding) ;
- The designations of steel types as shown in table 1 are in ac-
wire rod intended for the manufacture of welding elec-
cordante with ISO 4948-2, as follows:
trodes (to be covered by ISO 8457-3’));
- wire rod intended for quenching and tempering or sur- ICDXX Base steel
face hardening.
2CDXX Quality steel
3CDXX Special steel
2 Normative references
In addition, suffixes A and B have been added to indicate steels
The following Standards contain provisions which, through with differing manganese ranges.
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of
ISO 3457. At the time of publication, the editions indicated *
were valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to 4 Ordering
agreements based on this part of ISO 8457 are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions
4.1 General
of the Standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO main-
tain registers of currently valid International Standards. The purchaser shall state in his enquiry and Order:
ISO 377 : 1985, Wrough t steel - Selection and prepara tion of a) the nominal size (sec ISO 8457-1);
samples and test pieces.
b) the designation of steel type (sec table 1);
ISO 404 : 1981, Steel and steel products - General technical c) the quantity ordered (in tonne& tolerante on mass of
delivery requiremen ts. consignment, and delivery instructions;
ISO 3887 : 1976, Stee[ non-alloy and low-alloy - Determina- d) coil mass, limitations on coil mass, and mass tolerante
tion of dep th of decarburkation. if required.
1) To be published.
1
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ISO 8457-2: 1989 (E)
4.2 Options average permissible depth of decarburization shall be nego-
tiated at the time of enquiry and Order but the values given in
Certain Options for grades 2CDXX and 3CDXX are permitted by table 4 may be used as a basis for negotiation.
this part of ISO 8457 and the purchaser may also state in his
enquiry and Order his requirements as shown below:
5.3.4 When agreed at the time of enquiry and Order, rods in
a) whether a product analysis is required (sec 5.2.2); grade 3CDXX shall be tested for limitation of non-metallic inclu-
sion content. The limits of acceptance shall be negotiated at
b) special limitations on surface defect depth; the time of enquiry and Order.
c) whether a test for detection of surface defects is
required and the test to be used (sec 5.3.1 to 6.3);
d) whether wire rod with a surface condition other than
6 Inspection and testing
“hot-rolled, not surface treated”, is required;
e) depth of decarburization (sec 5.3.3); 6.1 General
f) limitation of non-metallic inclusion content (for grade
3CDXX only) ; 6.1.1 If acceptance tests have been agreed, the general con-
g) the required type of test certification document ditions of clause 5 of ISO 404 regarding inspection, testing and
(see 6.2). conformity of the product are valid, and furthermore, the con-
ditions given in 6.2 and 6.3 shall be observed.
5 Requirements 6.1.2 In the selection and preparation of samples and test
pieces, the general conditions given in ISO 377 are valid, and
5.1 Manufacture of the steel furthermore, the conditions given in 6.2 and 6.3 shall be
observed.
5.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed on the Order, the process used
in making the steel is left to the discretion of the manufacturer. 6.1.3 Samples shall be taken at least 300 mm from one of the
ends of the coil. In cases of dispute, this distance shall be as
When he so requests, the user shall be informed what steel- indicated in table 5.
making process is being used for the manufacture of quality
and special steels.
6.2 Inspection and testing procedures and types
5.2 Chemical composition of documents
5.2.1 The Chemical composition of the steel, as given by the 6.2.1 The inspection procedures and the types of documents
cast analysis, shall be in accordance with the specifications in of ISO 404 which may be agreed upon at the time of enquiry
table 1. and Order are summarized in table 6.
5.2.2 The permissible deviations between the specified cast 6.2.2 If agreed at the time of enquiry and Order that a test
analysis and the product analysis shall be those specified in report is to be provided, then this shall cover
table 2.
a) the Statement that the material camplies with the
5.3 Defects requirements of the Order, and
b) the results of the cast analysis for all elements specified
5.3.1 The steel shall be free from Pipe, harmful Segregation, for the steel supplied.
surface flaws and other defects detrimental to its further pro-
cessing and end use. 6.2.3 If agreed at the time of enquiry and Order that an inspec-
tion certificate (IC or ICP) or an inspection report (IR) is to be
NOTE - Normal Segregation of rimming steel is allowable. provided (see table 6), then the specific inspections and tests
described in 6.3 shall be carried out and their results shall be
5.3.2 When agreed at the time of enquiry and Order, rods in certified in the document.
all grades (except 1CDXX grades), for special purposes and re-
quiring special limitations on surface defect depth, shall be In addition, the document shall cover
tested for maximum permissible depth of defect in accordance
with 6.3.1. The maximum permissible defect depth shall be a) the Statement that the material camplies with the
negotiated at the time of enquiry and Order but the values given requirements of the Order, and
in table 3 may be used as a basis for negotiation. b) the results of all specific inspections and tests agreed
upon at the time of enquiry and Order.
5.3.3 When agreed at the time of enquiry and Order, rods in
grades 3CD45 and higher carbon shall be tested for the depth For grade lCD8, the Statement of compliance document (SC)
of decarburization in accordance with 6.3.3. The maximum tan be supplied by agreement.
2
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ISO 8457-2 : 1989 (EI
6.3 Specific inspection and testing Position. The Speed at which twisting is done shall be as
uniform as possible, and must not Cause the test piece to heat
6.3.1 General up quickly. The result shall be considered satisfactory if the
Operation is completed for the minimum number of twists
indicated in table 8, and no ruptures, Splits or Cracks are ob-
6.3.1 .l The acceptance units relating to each specif ied test served on the specimen surface.
are given in table 6a).
Should any such defects be observed, the depth of defect shall
[Link] Where appropriate, tests shall be conducted in be measured on a further test piece taken from the same coil,
accordance with the procedures stated in the appropriate Inter- using the quantitative test given in [Link] on a further test
national Standard. piece taken from the same coil for compliance with the re-
quirements of the order-.
6.3.2 Surface quality tests
[Link] Upsetting (Dump) test
[Link] General
This test is designed to reveal the potential surface defects
In Order to examine the surface condition, one coil per each 10 t appearing after compressing the test piece along its axis.
of a test unit with a minimum of three test pieces shall be exam-
ined. All samples shall conform to the requirements of the
The testing machine may be a press and shall have a guiding
Order.
device that allows a rectilinear displacement following the same
direction as that of the crushing. The sut-faces between which
Tests for surface condition may be conducted either quali-
the test piece is compressed shall be parallel, perpendicular to
tatively or quantitatively as agreed upon at the time of enquiry
the test piece axis, and shall not deform during testing.
and Order.
The test piece is upset when hot or cold using a press until its
Where qualitative tests only are specified, tests described in length is reduced to 50 % of its original length. The result shall
[Link] to [Link], or other agreed appropriate tests, such as be considered satisfactory if the deformed rod surface is devoid
[Link], shall be employed. If the steel fails to meet the re- of Splits and Cracks. Should any such defects be observed, the
quirements of the specified tests, the steel may be subjected to depth of defect shall be measured on a further test piece taken
the tests given in [Link]. and [Link]. from the same coil, using the quantitative test given in [Link]
for compliance with the requirements of the Order.
In the event of a dispute, the quantitative test given in [Link]
shall be adopted as the referee test, and 90 % of all samples
shall conform with the requirements of the order-, and this shall [Link] Deep-etch test
indicate conformity of the steel with the requirements of this In-
ternational Standard. However, in no case shall values exceed This test is intended to reveal the potential surface defects after
the limit by greater than 0,5 % of the diameter. the test piece has been deep-etched in an aqueous Solution of
either sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
NOTE - Since it is not possible to detect, on coils, all surface im-
perfections which may be detrimental to further processing, a certain
The etching Solution to be used shall be at the 0 lption of the
Portion of the length of the wire rod may have such imperfections. The
manufacturer, and shall be one of the following
maximum permissible percentage of length shall be agreed between
purchaser and supplier at the time of enquiry and order-.
a) sulfuric acid, Q 1,84 g/ml 1 part by volume
water 9 Parts by volume
[Link] Alternating torsion test
b) hydrochloric acid, Q 1,19 g/ml 1 part by volume
ntial surface water 1 part by volume
piece on its
followed by
The test piece which shall be at least 150 mm in length is
t piece to its
etched by immersing it in the etching Solution a) or b) at a
temperature between 60 OC and 70 OC until the Oxide is re-
moved, so that any potential surface defects become visible.
The test is applicable to rods of diameters indicated in table 7,
The etched surface of the test piece is then rinsed immediately
but is not carried out on grades having a carbon content greater with running water and dried with methylated spirits or in-
than or equal to 0,63 % (mlm). dustrial ethyl alcohol.
The test piece is obtained by using a straight piece of as-rolled
rod of length 50 times the diameter, with a maximum length of The duration of the test shall not exceed 15 min.
500 mm.
The results shall be considered satisfactory if there are no visi-
The method of test consists of twisting the test piece on its axis ble surface defects. Should any such defects be observed, the
through 360° to the left a minimum number of times as in- depth of defect shall be measured on a further test piece taken
dicated in table 8, then twisting the same number of times from the same coil using the quantitative test given in [Link]
through 360° to the right to return the test piece to its original for compliance with the requirements of the Order.
3
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ISO 8457-2: 1989 (E)
[Link] Magnetit particle test 6.3.4 Product analysis
This test is intended to reveal the potential surface defects after In Order to check Chemical analysis, one Sample product (i.e.,
the test piece has been submitted to an appropriate magnetic coil Sample) shall be taken from each unit of acceptance. The
particle test, which shall be agreed upon at the time of enquiry methods used shall be those established by the relevant Inter-
and Order. national Standard. If no International Standards are available,
the methods may be agreed upon and specified at the time of
enquiry and Order.
[Link] File test
6.3.5 Retests
This test is intended for rods which are required to meet special
surface conditions, and consists of determining the depth of
defects by removal of the defect by abrasion. [Link] Where for one or more test units, one or more tests
give unsatisfactory results, the manufacturer has the choice of
This test is carried out by using a file to remove defects until withdrawing the concerned test units (for example, for retreat-
they are no longer visible without the aid of magnifying in- ment or sorting in accordance with ISO 404) or of retaining
struments. The depth of the defect, assessed by determining them. If they are retained, retests shall be carried out according
the differente in thickness before and after filing, measured to the following rules.
perpendicular to the surface, is then determined.
[Link] If only one test of the concerned type was carried out
on the concerned Sample and gave an unsatisfactory result,
[Link] Microscopic test two new tests of the same type shall be carried out on test
pieces taken from the Sample concerned.
For rods which are required to meet special surface conditions,
a microscopic examination may be conducted on a micro-
[Link] If the test requires a set of samples, and more than
specimen suitably prepared and magnified at least X 100.
two of the set give unsatisfactory results, then a second set of
samples, in which the number of samples is twice that in the
original set, shall be taken and tested.
6.3.3 Decarburization test
[Link] All retests must give satisfacto ry results, otherwise
This test is applicable only to grade designations CD 45 and
the test unit concerned is to be rejected.
over.
In Order to examine for decarburization, ten samples shall be
selected by the purchaser from each acceptance unit. This ex-
7 Marking
amination is considered to be satisfactory if at least 90 % of the
Unless otherwise stated, all deliveries shall be clearly marked
results conform to the requirements of the Order with no value
with the following particulars, and the marking has to be resis-
to exceed the limit by more than 0,5 % of the diameter.
tant to pickling:
The wire rod shall be tested for decarburization in accordance - nominal dimension ;
with one of the methods given in ISO 3887, which is to be
agreed upon at the time of enquiry and Order. - designation of steel type;
cast number, except for grade lCD8;
In case of dispute, the decarburization shall be checked bY
microscopic measurements in accordance with ISO 3887. manufacturer.
