P 9-3
Comparative income statements and balance sheets for Merck ($ millions) follow:
Required:
a. Use the following ratios to prepare a projected income statement, balance sheet, and statement of
cash flows for Year 3.
b. Based on your initial projections, how much external financing (long-term debt and/or
stockholders’ equity) will Merck need to fund its growth at projected increases in sales?
a.
Merck
Year 3
INCOME STATEMENT Estimate Year 2 Year 1
Net sales 56,435 47,716 40,343
Cost of goods 34,272 28,977 22,444
Gross profit 22,164 18,739 17,900
Selling general & administrative expense 7,725 6,531 6,469
Depreciation & amortization expense 1,661 1,464 1,277
Interest expense 237 342 329
Income before tax 12,541 10,403 9,824
Income tax expense 3,762 3,121 3,002
Net income 8,779 7,282 6,822
Outstanding shares 2,976 2,976 2,968
RATIOS
Sales growth 18.27% 18.27%
Gross Profit Margin 39.27% 39.27%
Selling General & Administrative Exp / Sales 13.69% 13.69%
DEPRECIATION (depn exp / pr yr PPE gross) 8.76% 8.76%
INT (int / pr yr LTD) 4.94% 4.94%
Tax (Inc Tax / Pre-tax inc) 30.00% 30.00%
Year 3
BALANCE SHEET Estimate Year 2 Year 1
Cash 5,254 3,287 4,255
Receivables 6,168 5,215 5,262
Inventories 4,233 3,579 3,022
Other 880 880 1,059
Total current assets 16,536 12,961 13,598
Property, plant & equipment 24,056 18,956 16,707
Accumulated depreciation 7,514 5,853 5,225
Net property & equipment 16,543 13,103 11,482
Other assets 17,942 17,942 15,075
Total assets 51,020 44,007 40,155
Accounts payable & accrued liabilities 6,983 5,904 5,391
Short-term debt & cmltd 4,067 4,067 3,319
Income taxes 1,897 1,573 1,244
Total current liab 12,947 11,544 9,954
Deferred income, taxes and other 11,614 11,614 11,768
Long term debt 4,787 4,799 3,601
Total liabilities 29,347 27,957 25,323
Common stock 30 30 30
Capital surplus 6,907 6,907 6,266
Retained earnings 37,123 31,500 27,395
Treasury stock 22,387 22,387 18,858
Shareholder equity 21,673 16,050 14,832
Total liabilities & net worth 51,020 44,007 40,155
RATIOS
AR turn 9.15 9.15 7.67
INV turn 8.10 8.10 7.43
AP turn 4.91 4.91 4.16
Tax Pay (Tax pay / tax exp) 50.41% 50.41% 41.45%
FLEV 2.35 2.74 2.71
Div/sh $1.06 $1.06 $0.98
CAPEX 5,100 4312 3641
CAPEX/Sales 9.04% 9.04% 9.03%
Year 3
Statement of Cash Flows Estimate
Net income $ 8,779
Depreciation 1,661
Accounts receivable -953
Inventories -654
Accounts payable 1,079
Income taxes 323
Net cash flow from operations 10,235
CAPEX -5,100
Net cash flow from investing activities -5,100
Long term debt -12
Additional paid in capital 0
Dividends -3,156
Net cash flow from financing activities -3,168
_____
Net change in cash 1,967
Beginning cash 3,287
Ending cash 5,254
b. Kinerja di Tahun 9 buruk jika dibandingkan dengan Tahun 8. Salah satu titik terang adalah
persentase Beban Pokok Penjualan terhadap Penjualan, yang menurun di Tahun 9. Namun,
Beban Usaha naik tajam. Kenaikan tajam dalam biaya operasional ini tidak terduga karena
biasanya ada komponen biaya tetap yang lebih besar yang terdiri dari biaya-biaya ini
dibandingkan dengan Harga Pokok Penjualan.
Manajemen lebih lanjut harus memeriksa biaya operasional. Jika biaya operasional tetap pada
tingkat Tahun 8 sebesar 10,2%, pendapatan akan naik dengan baik untuk Tahun 9. Biaya
operasional mungkin termasuk komponen terarah di masa depan seperti biaya iklan atau
pelatihan. Selain itu, manajemen ingin menindaklanjuti perubahan margin kotor. Peningkatan
tajam dalam margin kotor mungkin disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor seperti lapisan persediaan
LIFO likuidasi atau, sebagai alternatif, karena sesuatu yang lebih mendasar dengan aktivitas
perusahaan.