Chapter
Two-Port Networks
Two-Port Networks
.1 Introduction
.2 Impedance parameters (z-parameters)
.3 Admittance parameters (y-parameters)
.4 Hybrid parameters (h-parameters)
.5 Transmission parameters (T-parameters)
1
.1 Introduction
What is a port?
It is a pair of terminals through
which a current may enter or
leave a network.
.1 Introduction
One port or two
terminal circuit
Two port or four
terminal circuit
• It is an electrical
network with two
separate ports for
input and output.
• No independent
sources. 4
2
.1 Introduction
• Characterization of a two-port network requires that
the relationship between terminal quantities V1, I1, V2, I2
must be expressed.
• Out of the four terminal quantities, two are independent.
• Various terms that relate these voltages and currents
are called parameters.
.2 Impedance Parameters
Assume no independent source in the network
V1 z11I1 z12 I 2 V1 z11 z12 I1 I1
V2 z 21I1 z 22 I 2 V z z I z I
2 21 22 2 2
where the z terms are called the impedance parameters,
or simply z parameters, and have units of ohms.
6
3
.2 Impedance Parameters
V1 V2
z11 and z 21
I1 I 2 0
I1 I 2 0
z11 = Open-circuit input impedance
z21 = Open-circuit transfer Impedance
(from port 2 to port 1)
V1 V2
z12 and z 22
I 2 I 0 I2 I1 0
1
z12 = Open-circuit transfer
impedance (from port 1 to port 2)
z22 = Open-circuit output impedance
7
.2 Impedance Parameters
Since the z-parameters are obtained by open-circuiting the input
or output port, they are called open-circuit impedance parameters
•When z11 = z22, the two-port network is said to be symmetrical.
•When the two-port network is linear and has no dependent
sources, the transfer impedances are equal (z12 = z21), and the
two-port is said to be reciprocal.
General Equivalent
Circuit
4
.2 Impedance Parameters
Example :
Determine the Z-parameters of the following circuit.
I1 I2
V1 V2
z11 and z21
I1 I2 0
I1 I2 0
V1 V2
V1 V2
z12 and z22
I2 I1 0
I2 I1 0
z z
[z] 11 12
60 40 z z
21 22
Answer: z
40 70 9
.2 Impedance Parameters
Solution:
10
10
5
.2 Impedance Parameters
Example:
Determine I1 and I2 in the two-port network shown.
Solution:
11
11
.2 Impedance Parameters
Thus,
and,
Hence,
12
12
6
.2 Impedance Parameters
Exercise:
10 6
For the circuit shown, let [ z ]
4 1 2
Find I1, I2, V1, and V2.
I
2Ω I
1
2
+ +
3A 4Ω V1 [z] V2 10Ω
− −
Answers: I1 = 0.8049 A, I2 = 0.1463 A, V1 = 7.1706 V , V2 = -1.463 V
13
13
.3 Admittance Parameters
Assume no independent source in the network
I1 y11V1 y12 V2 I1 y11 y12 V1 V1
I y y V y V
I 2 y 21V1 y 22 V2 2 21 22 2 2
where the y terms are called the admittance
parameters, or simply y parameters.
14
14
7
.3 Admittance Parameters
I1 I2
y 11 and y 21
V1 V2 0
V1 V2 0
y11 = Short-circuit input admittance
y21 = Short-circuit transfer
admittance from port 1 to port 2
I1 I2
y12 and y 22
V2 V1 0
V2 V1 0
y12 = Short-circuit transfer
admittance from port 2 to port 1
y22 = Short-circuit output admittance
15
15
.3 Admittance Parameters
Since the y-parameters are obtained by short-circuiting the input
or output port, they are called short-circuit admittance parameters
When the two-port network is linear and has no dependent
sources, the transfer admittances are equal (y12 = y21), and the
two-port is said to be reciprocal.
General Equivalent
Circuit
16
16
8
.3 Admittance Parameters
Example:
Determine the y-parameters of the following circuit.
I1 I2 I1 I2
y11 and y21
V1 V2 0
V1 V2 0
V1 V2
I1 I2
y 12 and y 22
V2 V1 0
V2 V1 0
y y 12
[y] 11
y 21 y 22
17
17
.3 Admittance Parameters
Solution:
0.75 0.5
Answer: [y]
0.5 0.625 18
18
9
.3 Admittance Parameters
Exercise:
Obtain the y-parameters of circuit shown below.
Answer:
y11 = 0.625 , y12 = -0.125 , y21 = 0.375 , y22 = 0.125
19
19
.4 Hybrid Parameters
Assume no independent source in the network
V1 h11I1 h12 V2 V1 h11 h12 I1 I1
I h h
I 2 h 21I1 h 22 V2 2 21 h 22 V2 V
2
where the h terms are called the hybrid parameters, or
simply h parameters, and each parameter has different
units. 20
20
10
.4 Hybrid Parameters
V1
h 11 h11= short-circuit input impedance
I1 V2 0
I2 h21 = short-circuit forward current gain
h 21
I1 V2 0
V1
h 12
V2 h12 = open-circuit reverse voltage-gain
I1 0
I2 h22 = open-circuit output admittance
h 22
V2 I1 0
21
21
.4 Hybrid Parameters
h-parameter equivalent network
22
22
11
.4 Hybrid Parameters
Example:
Determine the h-parameters of the following circuit.
I1 I2 V1 I2
h11 and h 21
I1 V2 0
I1 V2 0
V1 V2
V1 I2
h12 and h 22
V2 I1 0
V2 I1 0
h h12
[h] 11
h 21 h 22 23
23
.4 Hybrid Parameters
Solution:
24
24
12
.4 Hybrid Parameters
4 2
[h] 2 3
1
3 9 25
25
.4 Hybrid Parameters
Exercise:
Find the impedance at the input port of the circuit shown.
000
Answer: 1.667 kΩ
26
26
13
.5 Transmission Parameters
Assume no independent
source in the network
V1 AV2 BI 2 V1 A B V2 V2
I1 CV2 DI 2
I C D I T I
1 2 2
where the T terms are called the transmission parameters,
or simply T or ABCD parameters, and each parameter has
different units.
27
27
.5 Transmission Parameters
V1 A=open-circuit voltage ratio
A
V2 I2 0
I1
C C= open-circuit transfer admittance
V2 I2 0
V1
B B= negative short-circuit transfer impedance
I2 V2 0
I1 D=negative short-circuit current ratio
D
I2 V2 0 28
28
14
.5 Transmission Parameters
Example:
Determine T-parameters of the following circuit.
V1 V2
V1 AV2 BI 2
I1 CV2 DI 2
29
29
.5 Transmission Parameters
Solution:
30
30
15
.5 Transmission Parameters
Combining these gives:
31
31
.5 Transmission Parameters
Exercise:
Find I1 and I2 if the transmission parameters for the
two-port network shown below are:
5 10
[T ]
0.4 1
Answer: 1 A , -0.2 A 32
32
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