o,

fTI'1. Plateau Maintenance ProJecl Onshore Facililies Engineering, Procurement and Construction
l..!(' Qalar Liquefied Gas Company Umiled ContracI
~ Ras Laffan, State of Qalar Annex E07: Specification for Human Factors

PLATEAU MAINTENANCE PROJECTONSHORE FACILITIES

ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

LTC/PMP/215/09: CONTRACT

ANNEX E07

SPECIFICATION FOR HUMAN FACTORS

LTC/PMP/215/09 February 2010 Page 1 of 3 (

I~ 1"1
l. \
ril
~
Plateau Maintenance Project Onshore Faclilties
. Qatar LlQuefied Gas Company Llmlted
Engineering. Procurement and Construction
Contract
~ Ras Laffan. State of Qatar Annex E07: Speclfication for Human Factors

ANNEX E07

SPECIFICATION FOR HUMAN FACTORS

Qatargas Document: PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB1NAl001· Speclflcatlon for Human Factors

~ '\-'
-"

LTC/PMPJ215/09 February 2010 Page2of3 A

111'\
 ~L...iUJ hi
QATARGAS

SPECIFICATION FOR HUMAN FACTORS

o Issue far Final

MARK DESCRIPTION BY CHKD APVD APVD DATE
REVISIONS

Qatar Liquefled Gas Campany Limited

PROJECT Plateau Maintenance Project
JOB NO.
DOC NO. PM P/OOIOO/SP/DB/NN001
 Date:21 Jan. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR HUMAN PMP/00100/SP/DB/NAlO01
Q FACTORS

--
..........
- -
Rev :0 Page ii of ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.0 Scope ......................................................................................................................1

2.0 Subject Index ..........................................................................................................2

3.0 Summary of Human Factors Requlrements ........................................................6

3.1 Contrai Rooms and Control Panels ......................... ........................................ 6
3.2 Isolation and Emergency Shutdown Devices ............... ................................... 9
3.3 Process Control Systems .............................................................................. 13
3.4 Signing and labeling ........................................................ .. ........................... 16
3.5 Access to Equipment and Movement around Facility .... .... ........................... 20
3.6 Equipment .......................................................................................... ..... ...... 43
3.7 Working Environment ................................................... ................ ...... ........... 61
3.8 Evacuation and Escape ................................................................................ 64
3.9 Other Equipment and Human Factors Areas ................................................ 67

4.0 Definitions .............................................................................................................72

5.0 Referenced Documenls .......................................................................................77

5.1 HFES-Human Factors and Ergonomlcs Society ....... ......................... ........ ... 77
5.2 ISO-International Standards Organìzation .............. ...................................... 77
5.3 NEMA-National Electrical Manufacturers Association ..... ....... ......... ........ ......77
5.4 NTS-Norsk Teknologisenter ............ ............................... .......... ... .... .............. 77
5.5 Mìscellaneous Text Books. Reports and Guidelines .................. ... .. .............. 77
 , Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/00/SP/DB/NAlOO1
Q
,-
...........-
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 1 of 78

1.0 Scope

Human Factors (Ergonomics) has been a recognized technology far many years. The
objective of ergonomic design in this document is to achieve a Plant that personnel can
perform their work as they intended safety, efficiently, and reliably under suitable
environment far the work. For achieving such plant, the Plant shall be provided with
acceptable level of accesslbllity, operability, maintalnability and work environmental taking
account of human factors. Human factors identifies design considerations that affect human
performance and provides practical ways to help reduce incidents while improving
productivity.

The human dimensions provided throughout this specification are based on Asia/Pacific
region data.

This specification is intended to provide Human Factors guidance and minimum

requirements pertinent to many aspects of QATARGAS Plateau Maintenance Project
design.
 Date:Jan. 21,2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OOIOO/SP/DB/NAlOO 1
Q
...........
o..,~
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 2 of 78

2.0 Subject Index

Topic Page Topic Page

Abnormal condition detection 9 Label - control panel 7
Abnormal condition detection main 9 Labels - electrical wire and cable 16
control point
Access - equipment 20 Labels - equipment 17
Access - hand and arm 37 Labels - information 19
Access ways 20 Labels - pipe 16
Accessibility 72 Ladder - safety cage 75
Air flow velocity 72 Ladders 22
Alarm - intensity 9 Ladders - fixed 26
Alarm audible 14 Legibility 75
Alarm color 14 Ughting 61
Alarm presentation 14 Une of site 75
Alarm priority 14 Local instruments 43
Alarm suppression 14 Local instruments - visibilìty 46
Alarms - auditory 8 Loudspeakers 70
Alarms - control panel 8 Luminance 75
Alarms - control room 8 Lux 75
Alarms - evacuation 64 Maintainability 43
Alarms - fire and gas 9 Manual handling - 43
compressor/pumps
Alarms - visual 8 Manway 75
Ambient Iightlng 72 Manways 35
Ambient noise 72 Mirror image 75
Angle of incline 22 Mirror image 7
Annuncialor 72 Noise 62
Anthropometry 72 Non-digitai systems 7
A-weighted sound pressure 72 Offshore 35
Blinds 9 Operability 43
Blowdown - override 11 Opti mal visual field 75
Blowdown - panel 11 Panels - display and contro I 47
Blowdown - panel 11 Platforms - elevated working 31
Blowdown - resel 11 Platforms - working 31
Cabling and conductors - labeling 68 Pointing devices 13
Catwalks 31 Population stereotype 75
CAUTION sign 72 Printer 13
Characler - heighl to width ratio 13 Public address system 70
Character - stroke width lo height 13 Pumps - access 45
ralio
Character height 72 Pumps - alarms 46
 Date:Jan. 21,2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SPIDB/NAlOO 1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
...,......
.....-....

Rev O Page 3 cf 78

Topic Page Topic Page

Character height 7 Pumps - background noi se 46
Character stroke width 72 Pumps - displays and controls 45
Character width to height ratio 72 Pumps - emergency stop 45
Clearance 72 Pumps - gauges 45
Color - indication lamp 7 Pumps - labeling 45
Communication - emergency 69 Pumps - lifting zones 45
Communication - headphones 68 Pumps - lighting 46
Communication - microphones 68 Pumps - manual handling 45
Communication - system 68 Pumps - signs and labels 45
requirements
Compressor - access 43 Pumps - test points 45
Compressor - communication 44 Railings 31
Compressor - displays and controls 43 Ramps 29
Compressor - environment 44 Ramps 29
Compressor - manual handling 43 Reach maximum overhead grip 37
Compressor - status identification 43 Reflectance 75
Contro I 72 Relative humidlty 75
Control - Display relationship 7 Riser 75
Contro I - safeguard 7 Rodding - access 46
Control panel 73 Rotary selector 7
Contro I panel 7 Sign 76
Control panel - labels 7 Signal word 76
Control valves - access 46 Signal words 18
Controls 6 Signing and labeling 16
Controls - configuration 7 Signs - equlpment 18
Controls - mounting locations 47 Signs - hazard 18
Corridors 20 Slgns - information 19
DANGERsign 74 Single-tier handrail 76
Decibel 74 Slide switch 7
Discrete control 7 SUp and trip hazards 42
Display 74 Slippery surfaces 42
Display - color 14 Speech transmission 68
Display - f1icker 13 Stair - landings 23
Display - mimic format 14 Stair ladders 25
Display - titles 14 Stairs 22
Displays - mounting locations 47 Stairs - dimensions 23
Displays and controls 47 Stairs - when needed 22
Doors 21 Stairway - riser step height 75
Emergency shut down (ES D) 74 Stairway • Tread depth 76
Emergency shut-down 9 Symbol 76
Equipment - compressor 43 System security '14
 , Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMPIOOIOO/SP/DB/NAlOO 1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
~
.,..-..s

Rev . O Page 4 of 78

Topic
- Paga Topic Page
Equipment - displays and conlrols 43
~
Task analysis
- 76
Equipment - large rotating 43 Task lighting 76
machinery
Equipment - local instrumenls 46 Temperature 62
Equipment - maintainability 43 Thumbwheel 7
Equipment - operability 43 Toe plate 76
Equipment - pipework and valves 49 Toeboards 31
Equipment - pumps 45 Toggle switch 7
Escape - hatches 65 Trip and slip hazards 42
Esculcheon plate 74 Utilities and services - access 67
ESD - alarms 11 Utililies and services - test and 67
sample points
ESD - control 9 Valve - chain operators 51
ESD - Emergency shut down 74 Valve - clearance 51
ESD - Emergency shut-down 9 Valve - criticai 73
ESD - override 11 Valve - criticai 50
ESD - panels 11 Valve - design 49
ESD - panels 11 Valve - EBVs 50
ESD· resets 11 Valve· farce 76
Evacuation • alarms 64 Valve - force 49
--
Evacuation - door systems and 65 Valve - mounting heights 50
hatches
Evacuation • exits 65 Valve - operation 51
Evacuation - hatches 65 Val ves - access 49
Evacuation - routes 64 Valves - control and displays 59
Evacuation and escape 64 Valves - environmental 51
considerations
Exits 21 Val ves - isolation 10
Fasteners 37 Valves -Iabeling 59
Fire and gas panels 11 Valves - lighting 51
Fixed ladder 74 Valves - location and orientation 50
Foot pedal 7 Valves - manual handling 59
Foot-candle 74 Ventilation 63
Functional Grouping 74 Vibration 62
Giare 74 Video display unit (VDU) 76
Giare 61 Viewing angle 76
Handrail 74 Viewing distance 76
Handrail - double tier 74 Visual access (shared displays) 6
Handrail - single tier 76 Visual display 6
-
Human readable format 7 Visual limit angles 46
Humidity 62 Walkways 31
 Dale:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/0O/SP/OB/NAlOO1
Q
-
~

Rev O
HUMAN FACTORS

page 5 of 78

Topic Page Topic Page

-
lIIumination level 75 Weather protection 63
Input devices 13 Working environment 61
Isolation devices 9 Workplace environment 76
Key lock protection 14 Workspace 35
Keyboard 13 Workstatlon - size 8
-
Knob 7 Workstation - storage 8
Label 75

(\
.\.
,I,
 (
Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00100/SP/DB/NAlO01
C]J HUMAN FACTORS
...............
DATARGAS

Rev O Page 6 of 78

3.0 Summary of Human Factors Reguirements

3.1 Control Rooms and Control Panels

This seetion identifies the minimum requirements for the design of control rooms and control
panels.

3.1.1 Visual Displays

1) Select displays that are appropriate for their use:
2) Limit charaeter height to a minimum of 3 mm to 4 mm Cle in, to '/ 6 in,) high (it the
viewing distance is 710 mm (28 in.) or less).
3) Seleet LED and LeO type displays that can be read in ali possible lighting conditions.
4) Design displays so ali the numbers increase in a clockwlse, upward, or left-to-right
direction.
5) Avoid using multiple pointers and multiple scales on the same display.
6) Design color-eoded zone markings to be clear and understandable (red far danger,
yellow for caution, green for acceptable).
7) Mount displays so each can be easily viewed trom the operator's norma I working
position.
8) Design ali displays with similar functions to have the same units of measure, layout of
graduation marks, and characters.
9) Design and locate displays so they are free from parallax and giare.
10) Label ali displays.
11) Mount ali safety criticai displays in the primary field of view.

3.1.2 Visual Access for Shared Displays

1) Provide adequate visual access for shared displays.
2) Provide adequate visual aecess for wall-mounted displays and mimic boards-critical
displays in low light levels shall have character heights of 37.5 mm (1.5 in.) for every
4.5 m (15 ft.) of viewing distance.
3) Locate video screens for flares and windsocks so they are easily viewed trom ali
operator workstations and located within the visual field as the control room operator
views the workstation monitor.

3.1.3 Controls
1) Design ali controls to operate as expected for the country in which they will be used.
That is, consider the cultural norms for the country of use in determining how the
controls will operate.
2) Design ali similar controls to operate consistently. (\
i \
 Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PM P/OOIOO/SP/DB/NAlOO 1
Q
-
....-----
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 7 of 78

3.1.3.1 Non-Digitai Systems

For non-digitai systems. select controls that are appropriate for their use as follows :

1) Toggles, push buttons, rotary selectors, levers used for discrete settings
2) Thumbwheels, rotary selectors, hand wheels, slide switches, and levars used for
continuous small range controls
3) Knobs, cranks, and foot pedals used for contlnuou5 large range controls

3.1.3.2 C;010r5

Use correct colors of indication lamps for plant operation controls as follows :

1) Red for stop, failure, or malfunction

2) Yellow for caution
3) Green far acceptable or ready
4) White for standby or active

3.1.3.3 C;onfigura tion

1) Position discrete controls (push bultons. toggle switches, and rocker 5witches) so
they are easy to understand.
2) Provide adequate space around each control lo avoid accidental activation of
adjacenl controls.
3) Install safeguards (covers, key locks, ralsed bezels, or dial buttons that require
pressing) needad to avoid accidental activation of ali controls.
4) Label ali controls.
5) Group ali related functions at each contrai panel.
6) Locate more frequently used displays and controls in primary areas.
7) Do not use "Mirror image" contrai panels except as the design or layout requires .
8) Design and locate emergency controls so they are easily identified, readily
accessible. and able to be quickly activated .
9) Group distinct sub-unils of contrai panels far safer and easier operation.

3.1.3.4 Displays

1) Piace displays abova their associated controls.

2) Locate each display so il can be seen while its associated contrai is being activated.

3.1.4 Control Panel Labels

1) Include a functional description of the component at the top of ali contrai panel labels
and a process tag number on lower lines.
!'
 Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP100lOO/SPID8/NAlOO 1
Q HUMAN FACTORS

""-
...............

Rev : O Page 8 of 78

2) Write alilabeltext in a human-readable format rather than coding .

3) Format display la bel text in terms of what is being measured (e.g., "voltage") instead
of the display type (e.g., "voltmeter").
4) Design control position labels to indicate the functional resull of the movement of the
control (e.g., "increase," "decrease").
5) Ensure that text character height is a minimum of 3 mm (0.125-in.).
6) Design label text to be black on a white background.
7) Mount labels so they are read fram left to righi when operating and maintenance staft
are predominantly from cultures that read from left to right. Where operating and
maintenance staft come trom cultures that do not read from left to right, consideration
should be given to using labels consistent with the appropriate culture. When the
operating and maintenance staft are expected lo come trom diverse cultures,
consideration should be given to the use of multi-lingual labels.
8) Make labels of engraved plastic or vinyl.
9) In environments where fumes or spills could deslroy plastic labels, make them from
bronze or stainless steel with engraved numbers and letlers

3.1.5 Alarms
1) Use auditory alarms when immediate atlention is needed.
2) Design auditory alarms, beacons, and sirens to draw atlention without causing the
operator to be startled (e.g., 10 dB above background noise level). Do not exceed an
alarm volume of 80 dBA
3) Design new alarms to be consistent with existing alarms.
4) If a visual alarm is important, then locate it within the operator's visual eone.

3.1.6 Other Work Areas

1) Incorporate a large flat worksurface in the field operator's workstation with typical
dimensions of 915 mm (3 ft.) wide and 1525 mm (5 ft.) long or larger.
2) Provide appropriate seating.
3) Locate the supervisor's office in close proximity to the control room and join the office
to the contro I room with a doorway.
3) Desing the process engineer's workstation lo look like the contro I room operator's
workstation, with similar numbers of screens and arrangement of equipment.
4) Integrate the operator's personal computer into the operation's workplace.
5) Provide storage for forms, binders and books as appropriate
 o
...........
"n.......
Dale:Jan, 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR
HUMAN FACTORS
PMP/OOIOO/SPIOB/NAlOO1

Rev : O page 9 of 78

3.2 Isolation and Emergency Shutdown Devices

This seetion identifies the minimum requirements for integrating Human Factors prineiples
into the seleetion of isolation deviees, fire and gas panels, and ESD panels.

3.2.1 Abnormal Condition Detection and Locallnitiation

1) Install emergency alarm initiation points, cali points, and ESD initiation points at or
near exits, doorways, and access and evacuation I escape routes
2) Design cali points and ESD initiation points to be simple to use, consistent, and
recognizable.
3) Identify cali points, and ESD initiation points using labeling and color-coding
4) Illuminate cali points and ESD initiation points for poor visibility conditions. (See
Section 3.4 of this specification for mare information.)
4) Indicale the position or status of emergency controls on or near the controls.
5) Display identificalion numbers and emergency contaci numbers on or near each cali
point or ESD initiation point. For standing activation, position the number 1220 mm
(48 in.) abave the floor.
6) Design emergency telephone numbers that are easy to recall but do not rely on
personnel remembering them.
6) Provide noise shielding and sound insulation around cali points where the noise trom
adjacent equipment exceeds 65 dBA.
7) Design a unique identification system far ESD controls to clearly distinguish them
trom other controls.
8) Position ESD controls between 1015 mm and 1400 mm (40 in. and 55 in.) above
floor level.
9) Clarify the function of an ESD button by its location (e.g., next to a compressor) or by
labeling, or both.
10) Design Emergency controls to be activated quickly and easily.
11) Size ESD controls so operators wearing gloves may actuate them easily.
12) Separate ESD controls from those used during norma I operations.
13) Design ESD controls to avoid accidental actuation.

3.2.2 Abnormal Condition Detection at the Main Control Point

1) Locate Fire I gas and ESD panels to be viewable and accessi bi e directiy from the
main control point.
2) Locate seated contro I panels so the controls are no less than 660 mm (26 in.) above
the floar and, if possible, no mare than 1015 mm (40 in.) above the floor. If
necessary, controls can be a maximum of 1088 mm (42.8 in.) above the floor.
3) Locate the displays of seated control panels no less than 760 mm (30 in.) above the

r-
~ \ "
 Date:Jan . 21 . 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlOO 1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
...........
(,..,~--u

Rev O Page 10 of 78

floor and , if possible. no more than 1159 mm (45.6 in.) above the floor . If necessary,
displays can be a maximum of 1449 mm (57.0 in .) above the floor.
4) Locate the controls and displays of the standing ESD panels in the "precise" ranges
specified in Figure 16.
5) Provide adequate access space for maintenance. The minimum clearance
acceptable is :

Clearance Depth Height

5tanding 710 mm (28 in .) 1905 mm (75 in.)
Stooping 762 mm (30 in.) 1500 mm (59 in.)
Kneeling 762 mm (30 in .) 1372 mm (54 in .)
Squatting 762 mm (30 in .) 1220 mm (48 in .)

6) Provide unique configurable audible alarms for fire and gas panels and the ESD I
blowdown panel that can be clearly heard and identified al ali locations within the
contrai room .
7) Design auditory alarms loud enough without being startling (e.g .. 10 dBA above
ambient background noise). Do NOT exceed a maximum alarm volume of 120 dBA.
8) Locate visual indications on the panels lo be detectable trom the main contro I point.
9) Ensure thal panels are free from giare .

3.2.3 Isolatio" Valves, Bli"ds a"d Other Devices

') Ensure Ihat Isolation devices design ed for similar purposes have the 8ame
arrangement and appearance.
2) Install permanent unique labels lo clearly idenlify ali isolation devices and to specify
their isolation function.
3) Design label information large enough lo be accurately read trom the expected
working distance.
4) Label valves/controls by ilem (Le., by a human-readable descriplion of its function) as
well as by the item's ta9 number.
5) Provide lubrication points for valves and valve stems with an effective means for
lubrication
6) Design the movemenl of isolation valves to be consistent, predictable, and
compalible wilh operator expectations. The operaling stereotype for valves is
clockwise to close, counter-clockwise lo increase f1ow, move left to right. fronl to back
or upwards.
7) Provide adequate feedback lo operators using isolation devices lo indicate thal the
device has been fully activated.
8) Provi de a visual confirmation that isolation has bean applied .
9) Provide a clear indication of open/close stalus on drain line/bleed off line valves.
10) Install physìcal Interlocks, such as a captive key system, to control access to

\ :. "I

\ .~
 Date:Jan. 21 . 2009 SPECIFICA TION FOR PMP/OOIOO/SPID8/NAlOO 1
Q
.-..-....-
OA"~~
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 11 or 78

equipment or ensure complete isolation prior lo gaining access lo hazardous areas.

11) Provide built-in isolalion indicators or test systems to check the integrity of the
isolation .

3.2.4 Fire and Gas Panels

1) Design fire I gas panels or VDU displays to rapidly and reliably identify the location
and spread of gas release or fire.
2) Indicate the location and activation of manual cali points on tire and gas panels.
3) Group indicator lamps in a consistent layout and apply color-coding lo ensure rapid
and reliable identitication.
4) Identify alarm indications as they arise.
5) Arrange associated displays and controls so that they may be readily identified .
6) Layoul deluge or inert gas initiators to help guide the actions of the operator.
7) Clearly identify initiator controls (e .g., deluge and inert gas inìtiators) using human
readable text labels. Use label text thal is simple to understand, easy to read, and
conforms to operator expectations.
8) Provide audible and visible alarms to identify power or communication failure.
9) Provide an integrai lamp test facility lo verify lamp inlegrity.
10) Provide a clear indication of where and how the tire and gas system has been
overridden .
11) Provide a means to prevent inadvertent or unauthorized operation of tire and gas
initiators.

3.2.5 ESO and Blowdown Panels

1) Display ESD alarms in such a way that Iha location and the source of initiation of the
ESD , or equipment affecting an ESD, may be readily identified .
2) Provide a single key press action to allow an operator to access alarm information on
the VDU process control system.
3) Locate a control for manual initiation of tolal plant ESD at the main control point, e.g. ,
the process control console.
4) Design a clear and simple relationship between the ESD and blowdown switches and
the equipment they control.
5) Identify and separate the controls for major plant areas and those for total plant ESD
6) Design ESD controls lo prevent accidental actuation .
7) Design displays relating to ESD I blowdown (e.g., panels or VDU displays) to permit
the operator to quickly identify successful aclivation and to follow the progress of
events.
8) Provide feedback information to confirm positively that the ESD I blowdown signal
has been sent and that ESD valves have closed and blowdown valves have opened.
f\
 Q·
Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/0O/SP/OB/NNOO1

-
.-...-.....
Rev O
HUMAN FACTORS

Page 12 of 78

9) Provide a direct correspondence between process control VDU mimics and the ESD I
blowdown panels.
10) Design audible and visible alarms to identify communications failure or malfunction in
the power supply.
11) Use audible and visible alarms to identify the failure of any single-channel,
programmable electronic system.
12) Provide an integrallamp test facility to verify lamp integrity.
13) Where arrangements are provided for overrlding parts of the ESD system (e.g.,
during maintenance), provide a clear Indication for parts of the system that have been
overridden. Display this information at the main control point and local panels (e.g.,
wellhead panels).
14) Equip ESD systems wlth manual reset facilities.
15) Alert the operator at the main control point when an ESD is to be reset. Provide a
system for confirming or accepting resets.

,~ '.
 Q·
Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OOIOO/SPIDB/NAlOO 1
HUMAN FACTORS
r:...r~;

Rev O Page 13 of 78

3.3 Process Control Systerns

This section identifies the minimum requirements far the design of process control systems.

3.3.1 Monltors I CRTs

1) Design displays to be free of f1icker when viewed from expected viewing distances
and angles under normal control room IIghting canditions . Include images al ali
brightness levels and large areas of color.
2) Ensure that the display image appears to be stable (i.e., free of "jitters").
3) Select displays with a display luminance of at least 35 cd/m 3 • Preferred display
luminance is between 80 cd/m 3 and 160 cd/m 3 .
4) Make controls for display contrast and color accessible to technicìans but not to
operators.
5) Ensure the displayed character height lo width ratio is in the range of 1: 1 to 5:3.
6) Ensure the displayed character stroke width to height ratio is in the range of 1:6 to
1:10.

3.3.2 Input/pointing Oevices

1) Provide the operator with a main input/pointing devi ce and a back-up device (for
example, a tracker ball as the main input devi ce backed up by a keyboard).
2) Make available to the operator dedicated function keys or display targets far frequent
operator inputs.
3) Locate frequently used input devices directly in front of the operator and within the
primary work zone.
4) Make, if possible, input devices such as keyboards height slope adjustable.

3.3.3 Printers
1) Choose printers that do not affect display content or updates.
2) Design printer systems that will not lose printed alarm information due to printer
overload, the paper supplles running out, or the printer being off-line.
3) Choose color printers for screen displays.

3.3.4 Oynarnic Characteristics

1) Design the system to provide a clear indicalion to the operator when the keyboard is
locked out or the console otherwise disabled.
2) Design the system to provide a clear indication when updating of displayed
information is frozen or has failed.
3) Make multiple cursors distinct tram each other.
 Date:Jan . 21 , 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlOO1
Q
................
,....,.. HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O page 14 of 78

3.3.5 System Security

1) Provide password and/or physical key lock protection far operator, supervisor, and
engineering access (optional far operators).
2) Provide contrai or facilities to change display or input device characteristics to users
with supervisor or engineering status. The access level (operator, supervisor,
engineer) for functions such as control loop tuning, alarm suppression, lockout etc.,
shall be assignable by the systems engineer.
3) Provide date and time information to indicate the currency of time criticai information.
4) Provide facilities to allow locking out system items that are undergoing maintenance
and show the locked aut status on the display.

3.3.6 Data Integrity

1) Provide validation far ali operator inputs to trap out-of-range requests .
2) Provide a clear indication to the operator when data is detected to be bad, lost. or
corrupted.
3) Do not allow a plant item to be controlled from more than one console at the same
time.
4) Provide clear messages on system faults and indicate their consequences.

3.3.7 Information Presentatlon

1) Support the presentation of both overview and detailed information on plant status.
2) Select a system that will provide a means to build mimic display formats that
incorporate and give access to more detailed information when required .
3) Select a system that will provide a simple, standardized way to seleet and interact
with displays not require the operator to learn any eomplex commands in order to use
it.
4) Standardize the appearance and positioning of common features such as display
titles, menu bars, and operator input areas across ali displays.
5) Provide the ability to provide eight different display colors (excluding flashing colors).

3.3.8 Alarm Presenlation

1) Provide support for four priority levels for alarms. Allow a different presentation
format (e .g., color, background, etc.) for every alarm level and give the systems
engineering personnel contro I over this presentation format .
2) Provide the capability of suppressing or inhibiting intermittent, repeating alarms.
Develop a list for the operator that indicates ali suppressed / inhibited alarms and
ensure that the data point on the display provides clear indication that the associated
alarm is suppressed / inhibited.
3) Make is possible to change the configuration of alarms for different operating states.
4) Enable the suppression of alarms that arise as a result of norma I operations or
(':

~
 • Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/OO/SP/DB/NAlO01

.Q.T_
..........- HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 15 of 78

following a trip (e.g ., low f10w alarm when valve upstream is correctly closed).
5) Provide an audible alarm capabillty sounds a distinct alarm tone. Make the minimum
required sound level (which is adjustable by engineering personnel) 10 dBA above
ambient control room noise level.
6) Provide different and distinctive alarm sounds to differentiate between operating
locations. Design alarm sounds in the 500 Hz to 3000 Hz frequency range .
7) Provide alarm list display formats that enable alarms to be viewed by plant area, in
order of priority or in order of occurrence.
8) Make it possible to embed alarm information in mimic displays.
9) Provide a means to directly access a display that shows the most recent , high est
priority. unacknowledged alarm.
10) Provide a simple means of directly accessing a suitable mimic display that provides
details of the earliest, highest priority alarm.
11) Do not allow an alarm to clear if the fault stili exists.
12) Specify the use of colors that are significantly different from each other and use other
redundantly coding methods.

lì '
I ,\
 Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/D8/NAlOO1
rj
.....-.- HUMAN FACTORS
Q",.-.

Re" O Page 16 of 78

3.4 Signing and Labeling

This section identifies the minimum requirements for the design of signing and labeling .

3.4.1 Pipe Labels

Label ali piping systems in the facility. Examples of systems requiring labeling include the
following:

Barite Fuel Gas Process Fluids

Blanket Gas Gas Lift Process Water
Brine/Completion Fluids Helo Fuel Refrig Liquid
Bulk Air Hol Water Refrig Suclion
f-
Bulk Cement HP Gas RigAir
Bulk Mud Instrument Air Seawater
Cement Vent IP Gas Start Air
t-
Chemical Injection Liquid Mud Steam Condensate
Closed Drain lPGas Steam Vapor
Diesel Fuel LP Mud Utility Seawater
Drill Water Lube Oil Vents And Sounds
Dry Glycol Mud Drain Wash Water
DryOil Oily Bilge Water Wet Glycol
Firewater Open Drain WetOil
Flare Potable Water

1) Label pipe contents using simple, intelligible text (e.g., "Process Water").
2) Indicate flow direction of the pipe contents using arrows that have a solid, block style.
3) Write text in a simple block font such as Helvetica or Arial.
4) Size text characlers appropriate to the diameter of the pipe .
5) Write text in mixed case letters. Far labels with anly one or two words, ali capitai
letters is acceptable.
6) Use text that indicates pipe contents in addilion to color coding.
7) Make label colors black text on a white background.
8) Use either outdoor flexible vinyl or polyester for label material.
9) Select label material that is resistant to abrasion and chemicals.
10) Select label material that is resistant to ultraviolet exposure.
11) Use self-adhering material far pipe diameters of 203 mm (8 in.) or less, where
possible.

3.4.2 Eleclrlcal Wlre and Cable Labels

}.
 Date:Jan. 21,2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OOIOO/S P/DB/NAlOO 1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
..........-
0<\.......

Rev O Page 17 of 78

1) Label ali electrical wiring, cabling, and wire terminals in the facility.
2) Use either an alphanumeric or numerical label to identify electrical wiring, cabling,
and terminals.
3) Use ali capitalletters in the alphanumeric code on the labe!.
4) Select 6 pt to 8 pt (2.1 mm to 2.8 mm) minimum letter sizes.
5) Print terminai labels with ink that is waterproof, smear resistant, and impervious to
solvents.
6) Construct cable labels of stainless steel tags having the information stamped into the
surface.

3.4.3 Eguipment Label5

Label ali major pieces of mechanical and electrical equipment in the facility. Some of the
components are included in the following li5tS:

Mechanlcal Equipment
Compressors Hull Compartments Pumps
Control Air Components Hull Ventilation Systems Safety Showers
Coolers HVAC Components Scrubbers
ESD Valves HVAC Fans Separators
Filters Manual Pull Fire Stations Sewage Treatment Unit
Fire Header Components Plumbing Test Tees Sprinkler Orain Valves
Generators Plumbing Valves Sprinkler Test Valves
Heat Exchangers Potable Water Systems Tanks

Electrical Equipment
Control Junction Boxes Infrared Detectors Speaker Amplifiers
Gas Detectors Receptacles Thermal Detectors
Handset Stations Smoke Detectors Transformers
HVAC Terminai Boxes Speakers

1) Include a functional description and a process tag number on each labe!'

2) Ensure that the functional description is in a human-readable format.
3) Make ali tag numbers conslstent with Process and Instrument Drawing (P&ID)
numbers.
4) For tanks, set the text character height to the values given in Table 1.
5) For ali other equipment, use the "two-hundred rule" to determine the mlnlmum
acceptable character height. Height is equal to the viewing distance divided by 200.
6) Choose a simple font for ali text, such as Helvetica or Aria!.
7) Make ali text black on a white background.
8) Piace the functional description above the tag number on the labe!'
 ; Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR P M P/OO/OO/S PID8/NAlOO 1
Q
...............
OA'AAG&II
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev : O Page 18 of 78

9) Construct the label from engraved plastic. The company must approve the use of
other materials.

Table 1: Recommended Character Height for Tanks

Tank Height Character Height

Greater than 10m (33 fi.) 990 mm (39 in.)
Between 5 m (16.5 fi.) and 10 m (33 fi.) 610 mm (24 in.)
Less lhan 5 m (16.5 fi.) 305 mm (12 in.)

3.4.4 Egulpment Signs

1) Provide supplemental operating information for ali safety-critical equipment.
2) Provide signs containing supplemental information for ali performance-criticai
equipment.
3) Provide an outline format for the key information appearing on signs containing
operating procedures.
4) Be sure to reference the full written procedures manual on signs containing operating
procedures.
5) Locate, where necessary, the full written operating procedure at or near the
equipment sign.
6) Use short, simple sentences or phrases on equipment signs.
7) Number and left justify step-by-step procedures.
8) Use mixed case letters. Upper case letters are acceptable for signs of one to two
words.

3.4.5 Hazard Signs

1) Ensure that ali hazard signs conform to NEMA 2535.1 (2002), NEMA 2535.2(2002),
and NEMA 2535.3 (2002)
2) Include the signal word DANGER or CAUTION to indicate the degree of hazard, in ali
hazard signs.
3) Include a brief understandable description of the hazard in ali signs.
4) Use active words and statements to describe the hazard. Ensure that the description
of the hazard is in a human-readable format.
5) Include the recommended action in the last line of the sign
5) Use upper case letters for the signal word and mixed case letlers far the remaining
text.
6) Ensure that the signal word is readable at a distance of 1.5 m (5 ft.).
7) Make the signal word character height equal to "Safe Viewing Distance" divided by
150. ~

1:1 \~-_.
\ -,.('
.~
 Date:Jan . 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlOO 1
Ò
4..4-W
00<_
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 19 of 78

8) Make the character height for non-signa I words equal to "Safe Viewing Distance"
divided by 200.
9) For OANGER signs, make the signal word white text on a red background, and the
remaining lext black or red letters on a while background.
10) For CAUTION signs, make the signal word black letlers on a yellow background.
11) Re-produce ali HAZARD signs in English and the language of the site.
12) Locate the signal word in the uppermost portion of the sign .
13) Make Hazard signs trom surface-printed polyester laminate and mount on a stainless
steel backing plate.

3.4.6 Information Signs and Labels

1) Use both human-readable text and symbols to convey the information in ali
regulatory signs and labels.
2) Ensure that regulatory signs and labels comply with international and nalional
standards and codes.
3) Use black text on a white background for miscellaneous signs and labels.
4) Do not use lhe terms "Danger" and "Caution" as signal words.
5) Use be mixed case and left. justified text for long phrased and sentences in English .
Format Arabic phrases as appropriate.
6) Always use human-readable text with symbols.
 G·
Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SPIDB/NAlOO 1
HUMAN FACTORS
............-
,......."
Rev O Page 20 of 76

3.5 Access to Eguipment and Movement around Facility

This seetion discusses Human Factors considerations in designing facilities and equipment
for ease of aecess and movement. It includes sections on:
1) Corridors, Access Ways, Doors, and Exits
2) Stairs, Ramps, and Ladders
3) Walkways, Catwalks, and Working Platforms
4) Working Space and Access
5) Deck Surfaces

3.5.1 Corridors. Access Ways. Doors. and Exits

3.5 .1.1 Corridors and Access Ways

1) Provide a minimum width for a corridor or aceess way route of 760 mm (30 in.).
2) Provide corridors and access ways with sufficient width for safe and easy movement
of personnel , vehicles, equipment, and work area aids. Figure1 gives preferred
dimensions for single and two~way eorridors. These figures are based on person
width plus an allowance for clearance .

Minimum Clearance for Corridors

(Copyright © 1985. Electric Power Research Institute.
EPRI NP-4350. Human Engineering Design Guidelines for Maintainability.
Reprinted with Permission)

30 in. (760 mm) 54 in. (1370 mm)

3) Where personnel must carry equipment at the side of the body (e.g., toolboxes),
make the minimum corridor or access way width 760 mm (30 in.) plus the width of
the equipment to be earried. '

,,~~
~
,/1 V\
 o
................
' .......
Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR

HUMAN FACTORS
PMP/OO/00/SP/DB/NNOO1

Rev O Page 21 of 78

4) Where personnel must carry equipment exceeding 610mm (24 in.) between the
arms, e.g., boxes, make the minimum corridor or access way width equal to the width
of the equipment to be carried plus 180 mm (7 in .).
5) Set the minimum vertical clearance to piping , support beams, insulation and valves
over walkways and platforms to 1956 mm (77 in .) 1

3.5.1 .2 Exits

Provide a minimum of two exits in enclosed, stafted areas where fuel, chemicals, or other
flammable materials are used. These may be doors hinged to swing to the outside or kick-
out panels. In areas housing large pieces of equipment such as compressors, locate the
exits so that it is possible to exit trom either side of the equipment.

3.5.1.3 Doors
1) Sel minimum door dimensions in accordance with Figure 2.

Door Dlmensions
(Reprinted with permission, trom the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
copyright © American Society for Testing and Materials,
100 8arr Harbor Drive. West Conshohock, PA 19428-2959)

3in.
(75mm)1

EQuipment
J

o
I
(2030 mm)

1--t.L--::>"""II~ 26 in
(660 mm~

2) Ensure doors are at least 1.5 m (5 ft.) from corners, Le. junctures between two
corridors, or where a single corridor turns a corner. See Figure 3.

1 Based on estimates of Near East statures in Jurgens et al., 1990

 , Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PM P100/OO/SPID B/NA/OO 1
Q1-
...............
HUMAN FACTORS
OATIUIGAI

Rev O Page 22 of 78

Door Posltioning
(Woodson, W. E., Tillman, 8 ., and Tillman, P.,
Human Factors Design Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 1992.
Reproduced with permission)

T
5ftmìn.
(1500 mm)

Doors should be 5 ft (1500 mm) from comers .

3.5.2 Stairs, Ladders. and Ramps

3.5.2.1 Generai

Provide stairs, stair ladders, ramps, or ladders to provide access to equipment in the facility
to avoid having to climb on the actual equipment and pipework. The selection between
stairs, ladders, or ramps is primarily based on the preferred angle of elevation (se e Figure 4
far guidance). Other factars to consider are the type, direction, and frequency of traffic,
clearance required , and applied loading.

Provide stairs, not ladders, where:

a) Personnel are required to carry large tools or pieces of equlpment up or down a

structure
b) Equipment must be accessed or personnel evacuated during emergencies, such
as at battery limit valves, manual sampling of dangerous materials.
c) Equipment is frequently accessed, such as at least once per shift on average.

\\:v
.l~
 Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlOO1
C
-
........-
Rev O
HUMAN FACTORS

Page 23 of 78

Prefarred Struclure for Angle of Incline

(Adapted from Woodson, Tillman and Tillman 1992)

90· 85"

~~:::::::===--- _____--L-i o·

3.5.2.2

Set stair dimenslons in accordance with Figure 5. Avoid long flights of stairs. Provlde
landings every 10 to 12 treads and at every floor. Use open treads unless screens or kick
plates are required lo prolect personnet or equipment under the stairs.

~ ~~k'
,I
,ti \
ti
 Oale:Jan . 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PM P/OOIOO/SP/OB/NNOO 1
Ò
...--.....
,-
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 24 of 78

Recommended Stair Dimensions 2

(Reprinted with perrnission, trom the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,

copyright !f,j American Society for Testing and Materials,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohock. PA 19428-2959)

Dlmenalon Minimum Maxlmum Recommended

A Traad deplh (including nosing) 9 li:. in. (240 mm) 121n. (300 mm) 11 · 12 in. (280-300 mm)

B Rlsar halght 5 in. (125 mm) B In . (200 mm) 6 Y..7 In . (165·180 mm)

C Daplh 01 nosing (whara :y. in. (19 mm) 1 y, In. (38 mm) lln . (25 mm)
applicable)

D Widlh (hendrail lo handrall

One.way slairs 30 in . (760 mm) . 30 in . (760 mm)
Two·way slairs 48 in . (1220 mm) . 48 In. (1220 mm)

E Ovarhead daarance 76 in .(1930 mm) 76 in.(1930 mm)

F Heighl DI handrail (trom leading 30 in (760 mm) 36 in. (910 mm) 33 in. (840 mm)
edge 01 Iread)

G Handrail dramater 1'/.0 in (32 mm) 3in . (75 mm) , ,/, in. (38 mm)

H Rail clearance from wall , Y. in (45 mm) 1 '!. in (45 mm)

Note 1: Minimum overhead clearance (E) is given by para 3.5.1.1 5)

Note 2: Set "H: Rail clearance fram wall" to 75 mm (3 in.)

2 Adjusted as necessary for working population

I
\
 I Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlOO1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
...............
....-
Rev O Page 25 of 78

3.5.2.3 Stair Ladders

Set stair ladder dimensions (between 50 degrees and 75 degrees) in accordance with Figure
6 and equip them with flat treads and handrails.

Stair Ladder Dlmenslons 3

(Reprinted wlth permission, from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,

copyright © American Society for Testing and Materials.
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohock, PA 19428-2959)

Dlmenalon Mlnlmum Maxlmum Racommendad

A Tread depth range

For 50-60 rise 6 in. (150 mm) 10 In. (250 mm) 6 Yz In. (215 mm)

For 75 rise (open ladders only) 31n (75 mm) 5 Yz In. (140 mm) 4 in. (100 mm)

B Riser helght 7 in (180mm) 121n (300 mm) 9 In. (230 mm)

C Width (handrail lo handrall) 21 in. (530 mm) 24 In . (610 mm) 22 In. (560 mm)

D Overhead dearance' 68 in. (1730 mm) - 66 in (1730 mm)

E Height of handrail (from laading 34 in. (660 mm) 37 In (940 mm) 35 In. (890 mm)
edge of Iread)

F Handrail diamater 1 Y. in (32 mm) 3 in. (75 mm) 1 Yz In . (38 mm)

G Rail clearance lrom wall 2 in. (50mm) 21n (SOmm)

• Whenever lha distance D is less \han 74 in. (1880 mm) Iha overhead obstruction should be painted wilh
yellowand black strlpes

Note 1: Minimum overhead clearance (D) is given by para 3.5.1.1 5}

Note 2: Set "G: Rail clearance from wall" to 75 mm (3 in.)

3 Adjusted, as required, for the working population . See Engineering Note 1 for corrected
dimensions.
 Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO1OO/SPIDBINAIOO1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
c:..:.c:;
Rev O Page 26 of 78

3.5.2.4 Fixed Ladders

1) Set the dimensions of fixed vertical ladders (angle greater than 75 degrees) in
accordance with Figure 7.
 Date:Jan. 21,2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/oB/NAlOO1
Q
............... HUMAN FACTORS
''"''''""
Rev O Page 27 or 78

Vertical Ladder Dlmenslons"

(Adapted from Woodson, Tillman and Tillman 1992)

Dlmenalon Mlnlmum Maxlmum Recommended

A Rung Ihlckness
Wood l 1/8 In. (32 mm) l '.I, In. (38 mm) 1 3/8 In . (35 mm)
Protecled melal :y. in . (19 mm) 1 '.I, In . (38 mm) I 3/8 In . (35 mm)
Corrosive melal l in. (25 mm) l y, In. (38 mm) l 3/8 In (35 mm)

B Rung Spacing 9 in . (230 mm) 151n. (380 mm) 12 in. (300 mm)

C Height, rung lo landlng 61n. (150 mm) 151n. (380 mm) 15 in. (380 mm)

O Width between stringers 12 in. (300 mm) 18 - 21 In. (460 - 530 mm)

E Cllmbing clearance width 24 in. (610 mm) . 30 in. (760 mm)

F Clearance depth in back of ladder 6 in . (150 mm) . 8 in (200 mm)

G Clearance deplh on dimbing side 36 in . (910 mm) for 75 degree lo 30 in, (760 mm) lor 90 degree
(range)

H Heighl 01 stringer above landing 33 in. (840 mm) 36 in, (910mm)

J Heighl Irom Iower elevalion lo 15 in (38Cl mm)

bollom rung

2) As a minimum, provide guardrails (e,g .. lift up rails or a chain gate) at the top

4 See Engineering Note 1, for corrected dimensions. r

 • Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/OO/SPIOB/NAlO01
Q HUMAN FACTORS
..........
~

Rev O Page 28 oJ 78

entrance of each verticalladder in arder to prevent falls.

3) Provide cages, wells, or other safety devices for fixed vertical ladders over 3 m (12
ft.) long . Set cage dimensions as shown in Figure 8.

Recommended Ladder Cage Dimensions5

(Copyright © 1985. Electric Power Research Institute.
EPRI NP-4350. Human Engineering Design Guidelines far Maintainabilily.
Reprinted with Permission)

Dlmenslons:
A. Height of caga tram base of laddar: 84 In (2130 mm)
B. Flare at bollo m of the cage : 32 in . (815 mm)
C Dapth of caga trom cantar of ladder: 28 in. (710 mm)
D Max. Dislance belWeen cage ribs: 18 in. (460 mm)
E Widlh 01 cage: 27 in 685 mm)

Note: This does noi allow far any breathing apparatus to be wom Il is noI generally racommande<
thal peopte wearing brealhing apparalus should 8CCess via a ladder

4) Ensure the cage extends 1100 mm (43 in.) above the top of the landing unless
alternative protection is provided.

5) Maximum reach to the side of a fixed ladder is given by para 3.5.4.2 6)

5 See Engineering Note 1 for corrected dimensions.

 Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlO01
C0
...........
OATIWtClAS
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 29 of 78

3.5.2.5 Ramps
1) Set ramp dimensions in accordance with Figure 9.

Recommended Ramp Dimenslons

(Copyright © 1985. Electric Power Research Institute.
EPRI NP-4350. Human Engineering Design Guidelines far Maintainability.
Reprinted with Permission)

Dlmenslon Minimum Maxlmum Recommended

A Angle of rise - 20' 7-15'

B Distance between cleats: 9 in. (230 mm) 16 in. (405 mm) 141n. (355 mm)

C Heighl of handralls: 3B In. (965 mm) 44 In. (1120 mm) 421n. (1065 mm)

D Wldth : Determined by funellon

and usage, partlcular1y size of
rolling stoek and loads.

E Diameler of handrall: 1 in . (25 mm) 31n. (75 mm) 1.4 in (35 mm)

F Clearanee around handrail: 2 in. (50 mm) . 31n. (75 mm)

2) Provide non-skid surfaces far ramps .

3) Prevent ramps trom extending further than 9.2 m (30 ft.) by inserting an intermediate
level. Provide tlat platforms at the botlom of the ramp and at any point at which the
ramp system changes direction. See Figure 10.

~4~
1"1\
 Date:Jan. 21,2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/OB/NAlOO1
Cl
--
.-..-.-
Rev O
HUMAN FACTORS

Page 30 of 78

Ramp Design
(Copyright © 1985. Electric Power Research Institute.
EPRI NP~350. Human Engineering Design Guidelines for Mainlainability.
Reprinted with Permission)

STRAlGHT RUN RAMP

RAMP wrTH TURNING

PLATFORM

RAMP WITH INTERMEDIATE

SWlTCH-BACK PLATFORM
 Oate:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OOIOO/SP/OB/NAlOO 1
d
~
CATAItGUi
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 31 of 78

Engineering Note 1;

The fOllowing Dimensions tables shall be applied to the design of Stair, ladder and Ladder
Cage far PMP project.

Stair Dimension
Dimension Design Value
1) --- Angle of Incline 34°to 38°
2) --- Landing height 3700 mm
31 Figure 5 - A Tread depJh{including nosing) 275mm
4) Figure 5 - B Riser height 200 mm(Max.)
5) Figure 5-C Depth of nosing (where applicable) 25mm
6) Figure 5 - D Width (handrail to handrail)
One-way stairs 800mm
Two-wav stairs 1220 mm
71 Figure 5 - E Overhead clearance 2000 mm
8) Figure 5 - F Height of handrail (trom leading edge of 950 mm
tread)
9) Figure 5 - G Handrail diameter Angle 65x50x6

_.
10)
11)
Figure 5 - H
---
Rail clearance from wall
Stair landing length
75mm
1200 mm (800 mm Min)

Ladder and Ladder Caoe

Dimension Design Value
1) --- Angle of incline 0 0
90 (75 Min.)
2) Figure 7 - B Rung spacing 300 mmp
3) Figure 7 - C Height rung to landing 300 mm
4) Figure 7 - D Width between stringers 500mm
5) Figure 7 - E Climbing clearance width (Cage 760 mm
dimension)
6) Figure 7 - F Clearance depth in black of ladder 200 mm (Min .)
(Cage dimension)
7) Figure 7 - H Height of stringer abave landing 1535 mm abave T .O.F
8) Figure 7 - J Height from lower elevatian ta batlam 350 mm (Max.)
rung
91 --- Guardrail 1100 mm abave T.O.F
10) Para 3.5.2.4, 3) Cage (required) for fixed verli ca I 2400 mm to 3000 mm
ladders aver X mm
11) Figure 8 - A Height af cage trom base of ladder 2400 mm
12) Figure 8 - B Flare at baUam af the cage 840mm
13) Figure 8 - C Depth of cage from center of ladder 780 mm
14) Figure 8 - D Max. distance between cage ribs 850 mm (as per QG1)
(Harizontal band)
J.§L Figure 8 - E Width of cage 760 mm
16) Para 3.5.2.4. 4) Caga extension 1100 mm abave T.O.F
17) --- Rung size 20 mm (the same as

+.~~
(" ~
 • Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlOO1
Q
--
.-...-.-
Rev O
HUMAN FACTORS

Page 32 of 78

QG1)
18} - Max. rise of any ladder between 9100 mm
landlngs
19) --- Vertìcal bar extension is required when 900mm
distance from ladder center line to
platform side handrail <=
20) --- Vertical bar extension Is required when 1200 mm
dlstance from ladder center IIne
(climblng side of ladder) to platform
handrail <=
~} --- Side rail (stringer) helght above landing 1535 mm above T.O.F
(fornon-cageladde~)
22) - Alliadde~ shall be side st~ ladder. Side ste~ ladder
23) - Selt closlng safety double bar swlng Double bar
gate
 , Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00100/SP/DB/NAlOO1
Q
............... HUMAN FACTORS
....-..s

Rev O Page 33 or 78

3.5.3 Walkways. Catwalks and Working Platforms 6

1) Furnish ali walkways, catwalks and platforms wìth handrails on sides, a mid-rail. and
a toe board in accordance with the dimensions shown in Figure 11 .

Recommended Catwalk Dlmensions

(Adapted from Woodson, Tillman and Tillman 1992)

MI.!.il1~__~. .J

41n
(100mm)

2) Where the walkways, catwalks. or platforrns have a drop on either or both sides, set
the top rail height on the open side(s) to no less than 1070 mm (42 in .) measured
trom the walkway.

3) Increase the height of the top rail to 1625 mm (64 in.) where the lower end of ladders
terminate on walkways, catwalks or platforms that have a drop on either or both
sides. This will reduce the gap between the top of the guardrail and the botlom of
the cage on the ladder. Piace mid-rails at 460 mm (18 in .) and at 910 mm (36 in.)

6 5ee Engineering Note 2 for corrected dimenslons.

 , Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PM P100100/SPIDB/NA/OO 1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
,......
.................
Rev O Page 34 of 78

above the walkway.

4) Do not exceed a distance of 65 mm (2.5 in.) between the edge of the platform and
the centerline of the railing. This is to ensure that there is not too much walkway
outside of the railing.

5) Design platforms so their load capacity exceeds the maximum expected load applied
by personnel, equipment, spare parts, and tools at any one time.

6) Display maximum loading capacity with labels that can be seen both on the plattorm
and on approach routes.

7) Where elevating work platforms are required, provide the following :

a) Guards, to prevent accidental operation of the lift
b) Limit stops, to prevent injury to personnel and damage to equipment
c) An automatic fail-safe brake or other self-Iocking device in case of lift
mechanism failure
d) Provision for manually lowering the platform, when feasible
e) Provision of work space at least 610 mm (24 in.) wide and 915 mm (26 in.)
long
f) Ability to hold one or two persons (not more than two)
g) Ability to hold the heaviest combination of equipment and personnel (use
118.4 Kg (250 Ib.) for each person)
h) A sign on the platform indicating the safe working load versus height of work
platform

Engineering Note 2;

The following dimensions shall be applied far Walkways, Catwalks and Working Platforms in
the design for PMP project.

Dimension DesiQn Value

1) Para 3.5.3, 2) Height of Handrail 1100 mm above T.O.F
2) Figure 11 Toe Board FB 100x8
6 mm between Toe
Board and Floor Level
3) --- Step across distance (nearest edge of 150 mm
ladder to nearest edge of equipment or
structure)
4) Para 3.5.3, 4) Between edge of the Platform and 45mm
Centerline of the Railin~
5} - Top rail dimension of Handrail Angle 65x50x6
6) Para 3.5.3, 3) Height of handraìl when ladder 1625 mm
terminates on a raised landing
 Dale:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OOIOO/SP/DB/NAlO01

~
Q
QATAoACM
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 35 of 78

3.5.4 Working Space and Access

3.5 .4.1 Workspace

1) In offshore environments, furnish workspaces with appropriate protectlon against sea

spray/rain on equipment that may cause hazard to personnel during operational or
maintenance tasks.

2) Provide adequate workspace for the use and placement of tools, and for placing
spare parts and components of equipment in the work area during their repair I
replacement.
To establish workspace requirements, consider the following:
Number of personnel required to do the work
Equipment requirements (including maintenance instructions, check sheets, log
books and other documentation that may be referred to), and
Body positions they may need to adopt.
3) Choose access apertures to their type, size, and shape Includes consideration of the
type of clothing and PPE that will be worn by personnel. Dlmensions for typical work
positions are presented in Figure 12 and Table 2.
 I Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlOO 1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
......-..
"".......
Rev O Paga 36 of 78

Workspace Dlmenslons
(Based on American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) 1988)
B D

G1

a
o
p

\
 Date:Jan. 21 , 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00100/SP/DB/NAlO01
cD
..........
OIlTAAG&I
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 37 of 78

Table 2: Mobile Workspace Dimensions

(Based on American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) 1988)

Workspace Area Minimum Preferred

In. mm In. mm
Standing Work Space
A. Heighl 75 1905 79 2000
B. Width 28 710 31 785
Catwalk Dimension
C. Height 75 1905 78 1981
D. Shoulder width 22 560 24 610
E. Walking width 12 305 15 380
Vertical Entry Hatch(1)
F. Square 18 459 22 560
Round 22 560 24 610
Horlzontal Entry Hatch(1,
G1 . Shoulder Width 21 535 24 610
G2. Height 15 380 20 510
Crawl Through Pipe
H. Round or square 25 635 30 760
Supine Work Space*
I. Heighl 20 510 24 610
J. Length 74 1860 76 1910
Squarting Work Space*
K. Height 48 1220 - -
L. Depth 30 762 36 910
M. Depth 26 660 40 1020
*Kneeling Work Space
N. Depth 30 762 48 1220
O. Height 54 1372 - -
P. Optimum Work Poin! - - 27 685
"Crawling Space
Q. Height 31 785 36 910
R. Length 60 1500 - -
*Prone Work or Crawl Space
S. Height 17 430 20 510
T. Length 113 2850 - -
Notes:
(1 ) These dimensions do not allow for any breathing apparatus to be worn. To cater for
breathing equipment such as an air pack, add an allowance of 280 mm (11 in.).
• Use dimension D shoulder width plus 100 mm (4 in.) either side for workspace width .

3.5.4.2 Access
 Oate:Jan. 210 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/0O/SP/OBJNAlOO1
Q
.........
~
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 38 of 78

1) Where possible o specify equipment to have a small number of large fasteners rather
than a large number of small fasteners.
2) Where possible, position equipment within the horizontal reach distance without the
need far leaning onta equipment.
a) 410 mm (16.1 in.) forforward reach with both hands.
b) 450 mm (17.7 in.) far forward reach with one hand
3) Vertical access dimensions for reaching an item from underneath are as follows:
Note: Ali figures allow for gripping of item.
a) Maximum overhead grip reach (standing) = 1819 mm (71 .6 in .)
b) Maximum overhead grip reach (kneeling) =1235 mm (48.6 in .)
c) Maximum overhead grip reach from Iying = 622 mm (24.5 in.) with face upward
position
4) Visual access to disp/ays and instrumentation is given by 3.6.3.2 (1). If displays are
recessed, maximum mounting height from grade or platform is 1492mm (58 .7 in.)
5) Provide adequate spacing around components (e.g., bolts o electrical connectors.
etc.) to take into account the need far personnel to wear gloves or use tools. The
following spaces are recommended :
a) Push button access:
o Bare Hand: 32 mm (1.25 in.) dia
o Gloved Hand: 38 mm (1.5 in.) dia
b} Two finger twist access:
• Bare Hand: Object diameter plus 50 mm (2 .0 in.).
o Gloved Hand : Object diamater plus 65 mm (2.5 in.)
o Mittened Hand: Object diameter plus at least 75 mm (3 in.)
6) Recommended mlnimum dimensions for arm and hand access are provided in
Tables 4, 5, and 6.

Table 4 Mlnimum Aperture Dimensions for Arm Access

Reaching full arm's length (to shoulders) with both arms:
Light-clothing: Width: 500 mm (19.5 in.)
Height: 125 mm (5 in .)
Arm to elbow:
Light-c/othing : 110 mm x 120 mm (4.3 in . x 4.7 in,) or 140 mm (5.5 in .) dia
Arm to shoulder:
ll9ht-clothing: 150 mm {6 .0 in.) SQ or dia

,I.'
 Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OOIOO/SP/DB/NAlOO 1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
..............
~', lW(o.u

Rev O Page 39 cf 78

Table 5 Access Opening Dlmensions

(Adapted from Woodson, Tillman and Tillman 1992)

1. Using a common
screwdriver with freedom to
turn the hand through 180
degrees

2. Using pliers and similar

tools that require gripping

3. Using a T-handle wrench

with freedom to turn the tool
and hand 180 degrees

4. Using an open-end or box-

end wrench with freedom to ._./ . .._.. ,:t.
turn the wrench through at 1/
j
! 6.010
1(203mm)
least 60 degrees /,~_ .... __ 1.+
....1 10.6 In t..L
...., (210mm) f"'"

5. Grasping and manipulating

small objects (up lo 57 mm
(2 1/ 4 in.) wide) with one hand .

.
y
 Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICAT/ON FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/oBINNOO1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
............
~

Rev O Page 40 of 78

6. Grasping large objects with

one hand.

7. Grasping large objects with

two hands, with the hands
extended through the opening
up to the length of the fingers

8. Grasping large objects with

two hands, with the anns
extended through the opening.

9. One empty hand (flat) up to 41n,

wrist (bare handllight gloves).

~
I03 tn m

21n
(51 rrvnl

10. One empty hand

(clenched) up to wrist (bare
handllight gloves).

{'
I li,
t'
 Date:Jan. 21,2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/0O/SP/DB/NAlOO1
Q
............ HUMAN FACTORS
r............

Rev : O page 41 of 78

Table 6 Access Aperture Covers

(Adapted from Woodson, Tillman and Tillman 1992)

Best - No cover
Use whenever possible.

Permanent glass or plastic cover

Use where only visual inspection is
required .

Hinged or sliding cover

Use where physical access is required and
where dirt and moisture could be a
problem.

Captive quick-opening fasteners

Use when space prevents use of hinged
cover.

Screwed-down cover
Use only when stress or pressurization
requires; minimize number of screws.

7) Set tha maximum horizontal reach fram a ladder's cenlerline lo any objecl al 888 mm
(35 in .). If work task requires two hands, a vertical ladder is noi recommended . The
worksite should be provided with a platform.

\ '

f
, I
I
 Date:Jan. 21 . 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/OBINAlOO1
Q
--
........-

Rev O
HUMAN FACTORS

Page 42 of 78

3.5.5 Deck Surfaces: Slip and Trip Hazards

1) Provi de non-slip finishes or surface coatlngs on deck surfaces which will maintain the
coating's non-slìp properties in the environmental conditions to which it is exposed
(e.g., rain, sea water, high temperatures, etc.).

2) Design decks with appropriate camber and drainage poinls lo prevenl retention of
surface water.

3) Where deck surfaces are expected to be slippery (due to water, oil, etc.). provide
additional measures (e.g., use of handrails, roughen floor sUrface, attach non-sii p
nets, etc.) to reduce the likelihood of slips.

4) Where there are steps, provide clear indication of the change in elevation (e.g.,
alternate black and yellow stripes palnted on the edge of the steps). Make the
proportion of the brighter color (e.g. yellow) at least 50 percant of the warning area.

i
\
 o
,..".-.
~
Date:Jan. 21,2009 SPECIFICATION FOR
HUMAN FACTORS
PMP/OOIOO/SP/DB/NAlOO1

Rev : O Page 43 of 78

3.6 Egulpment

This section discusses Human Factors considerations in enhancìng the operability and
maintainability of the equipment in a facility. It includes sections on :

1) Compressors
2) Pumps
3) Locallnstruments
4) Pipework and Valves
5) Offshore Cranes
6) Pig Launchers and Receivers
7) Helidecks

3.6.1 Large Rotating Machinery

This section applies to compressors, gas turbines, expanders, electric generators, large
motors, gears, and some pumps.

3.6 .1.1 Moving to and Workspace around Compressor Location

1) Provi de access to and workspace around the com pressar in accordance with Section
3.5.
2) It the compressor is housed or enclosed, ensure compressor housing or enclosure
can be opened trom the inside even it is locked trom the outside.
3) Ensure that the layout of auxiliary equipment, valves, controls and displays for
paral/el units, such as spare pumps, is identical in relation to the equipment
control/ed. Avoid mirror image layouts. The COMPANY must approve ali mirror
image layouts ..

3.6 .1.2 Displays and Controls

1) Locate local instruments associated with the equipment in accordance with Section
3.6.3 later in this seclion.
2) If the compressor is housed or enclosed, locate instrumentation/associated
equipment requiring frequent monitoring or inspection while the compressor is
running outside the compressor housing or enclosure (if possible). Ensure that the
displays are large enough and positioned lo be viewable trom outside the housing or
enclosure (this would also require suitable and sufficient window access and lighting)
or are positioned I relayed outside the housing or enclosure.
3) Piace emergency shutdown buttons in a visible location, close to the main work
position. suitably color-coded and guarded, and with additional buttons next to each
exit route out of the compressor housing.

3.6.1.3 Manual Handling

'.~
 Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP ID BINA/DO 1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
...........
...........
Rev : O Page 44 of 78

1) Provide access to the compressor by overhead crane, loeal permanent hoist, or lifting
beam plus portable crane, forklift truck, or trolley.
2) Design the equipment so that it can be sub-divided into smaller sub-units lo facilitate
removal, repair, or replacement of the sub-units.
3) Clearly documenl the weights of ali sub-units and components in the information
material supplied by the contraetor with the equipment. Provide signs or labels on or
adjacent to the equipment to inform operators where this weight information can be
found . Where practical , clear1y label the sections or sub-units of the equipment and
its associated components with their weights.
4) Provide sufficient access to the equipment so one person in a neutral position can lift
those pieces of equipment weighing up to 23 Kg (51 Ib.). For lifts up to 23 Kg (51 Ib.)
in a non-neutral position or for lifts greater than 23 Kg (51 Ib.), provide sufficient
access far two people or provide lifting assist equipment. In particular, provide lifting
eyes for equipment weighing more than 68 Kg (150 Ib.) with a minimum of 100 mm (4
in.) of space around the eye. Care should be taken to ensure that the lifting eyes are
correctly located with regard to the center of gravity of the item .
5) Identify and clearly labellifting limits on hOists, booms, and beams.
6) Clearly identify lifting zones and laydown areas by use of floor markings.

3.6.1.4 Status Identification

1) Use two highly visib/e f1ashing beacon visual a/arm signals far evacuation I major
incident alert inside compressor housings or enclosures. (Piace one on each side of
the compressor in order to attract altention if work is taking piace inside the housing
whi/e the compressor is running) .
2) Provide alarms on the outside of compressor housing or enclosure to alert the
operator to criticai changes in the compressor or associated equipment status.

3.6.1.5 Communicatìon

1) Provide communications to the compressor area in accordance with Section 3.9.

2) Ensure loudspeaker coverage reaches the area where a com pressar housing or
enclosure is located . (If the visual alarm is seen in the housing, then the worker can
leave the housing and immediate/y hear the message.)

3.6.1.6 Environmental Conditions

1) Provide lighting to the compressor area in aceordance wìth Section 3.7.

2) Provi de non-sii p f1ooring.

l t
 Date:Jan . 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/00/SP/DB/NAlO01
Q HUMAN FACTORS
.........
....--.....

Rev O Page 45 of 78

3.6.2 Pumps, Drivers and GeneraI Purpose Rotating Eguipment

3.6.2.1 Moving lo and Work Space around Pump location

1) Provide access lo Ihe pump in accordance with Section 3.5.
2) If a pump needs lo be located in a pii, then provide stair-Iadder access rather than
ladder accesso Ensure stair-Iadder dimensions are in accordance with Figure 6 (see
Section 3.5.2) and are equipped with flat treads and handrails.
3) Provide adequate drainage and non-slip floor surfaces.

3.6 .2.2 Access

1) If practical, posilion small pumps (typically reciprocating pumps, gear pumps,
chemical injeclion pumps, etc.) on a raised platform with access (rom ali sides to
avoid having lo maintain Ihe pump while crouching at floor level. Factors lo consider
in determining if placing a pump on a raised platform is practical include Ihe need to
provide a rigid support slruclure for Ihe pump and the desire lo keep pump piping
and valving at a reasonable height for operalions and maintenance.
2) Label access covers lo advise of any hazards beyond them.
3) Ensure associaled pressure gauges can be seen from the work position required to
open up the pump or access the lubrication and test points.

3.6.2.3 Displays and Controls

1) Ensure that displays associated with the pump's pressure, temperature, and flow can
be accurately read from the access gangway. If loeated below 1220 mm (48 in.),
then angle display to tace upwards 45 degrees.
2) Piace emergency stop for the pumps in a visible and accessible location close to the
gangway.

3.6.2.4 Manual Handling

1) Provide access to Ihe pump by overhead erane, local permanent hoisl, or lifting
beam plus portable crane, forklift Iruck, or trolley.
2) Design the equipment so that it can be sub-divided into smaller sub-unils lo facilitale
removal, repair, or replacement of the sub-units.
3) Clearly document the weighls of ali sub-unils and components in the information
material supplied by the contraclor with the equipment. Provide signs or labels on or
adjacent lo Ihe equipment lo inform operators where this weighl information can be
found. Where practical, clearly label the sections or sub-unils of the equipment and
its associaled components with their weights .
4) Provide lifting eyes for equipment weighing more Ihan 68 Kg (150 Ib.) with a
minimum of 100 mm (4 in .) of space around the eye. Care should be laken to ensure
that the lifting eyes are correctly located with regard to the center of gravity of the
item.

ìl
 Date:Jan. 21 , 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR
o
PMP/OO/00/SP/DB/NAlOO1

HUMAN FACTORS
..........
..-...-..-

Rev O page 46 of 78

5) Identify and clearly labellifting limits on hoists, booms, and beams.

6) Clearly identify lifting zones and lay-down areas by use of floor markings.
7) Where the load on the lifting system is a function of boom extension, boom angle and
load on the cable, provide a display for tha operator that illustrates the resulting load
on the hydraulic ram that operates the boom.

3.6 .2.5 Status Identjfication and Diagnosis

1) Ensure auditory alarms used in the vicinity of pumps are loud enough to be heard
without being startling: frequency between 500 and 3000 Hz and 10 dBA above
ambient background noise level (measured when pumps are running) .
2) In especialfy high noise areas, supplement auditory alarms for evacuation with a
nashing beacon.

3.6.2.6 Environmental Considerations

1) Provide lighting to the pump area in accordance with Section 3.7.

2) Consider providing temporary lighting points for use during mainlenance work; extra
lighting may be required even during daylight hours for some repair tasks (above 100
foot-candles [1000 lux]).
3) Where appropriate mount I install pump on vibration isolation or dampers to avoid
vibration-induced injury to personnel and operational problems.
4) Consider the effect of wind, rain, snow, and ice formation on pump maintenance.
Wind shielding may be a necessity if the pump is located in an exposed location .
5) If gases can colle et in the pump area, e.g., if the pump is located in a pit, then ensure
gas detectors are installed with a local alarm.

3.6.3 Local Instruments

3.6.3.1 Moving lo and Work Space around !ha Local Inslrumenl Loca tions

1) Provi de access to and workspace around local inslruments in accordance with

Section 3.5.
2) Ensure thal clearance is provided bolh above and below control valves and that this
is sufficìenl to include access by mobile equipment in order to facilitate maintenance
tasks.
3) Provide adequate clearance and access lo enable rodding of instrument taps.
4) Locate instruments so that they are visible from the norma I work position without
needing to stand on other items of equipment, components, pipe-work, cable trays,
handrails, etc. Figure 13 and Figure 14 indicate vertical and horizontal visual limit
angles.

." \
 , Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OOIOO/SP/DBINAJOO 1
Q
,-
................
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 47 of 78

Vertical Viewing Angles

50 Upper visual limil shon periods only

30 limil or color discriminalion
25 Ma~imum eye rolalion

15 Normal line of sighl

30 Downward IImil 01 comfort zone

(oplimum eye rolalion)
40 limi! of color discriminalion
70 limi! of visual fl8ld

Horizontal Viewing Angles

15 Optimum head and eye rolalion

35,Ma~imum eye rolalion
,,
,, 60 Maximum head rotation

95 Maximum head and eye mlation

3.6.3.2 Displays and Controls

1) Locate importanl displays, those requiring precise, frequent. or emergency use, at a

heighl of belween 1130 mm (44.5 in.) and 1700 mm (67 in.) above lhe standing
surface.
2) Locate important controls, those requiring precise movements or emergeney
operation al a height of belween 898 mm (35.4 in .) and 1266 mm (49.8 in) above the
standing surface.

3.6.3.3 Environmental Considerations

1) Provide lighting to the loeal instruments in aecordance with Section 3.7. Consider
the need for additional lighting to support the maintenance of instruments requiring a
fine level of detail.
2) Avoid positioning instruments needing a high level of human interaction in wind raps
and down drafts; if this is not possible, then provide wind breaks and shielding walls.
f'

'ì r(
\ \
 Date:Jan. 21,2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/OBINAlOO1
Q
....
~
- HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 48 of 78

Posltlonlng Displays and Controls 7

2030 80
Grosa Displays
1790 • 2030 mm
(705·80 In.)
1780 70
Preose Displays
pr 00 readlng
reqUlred "Gross Contrala
1525 60 freqU8l'lIly used 1333 ·1650 mm
ernergency (52·651n)
1189· 1790 mm
1270 50 (488·70 Sin.)
, Predslon Controls
945· '333 mm
1015 40 (37·52 in)
Gran Displaya
statu811ghl
low accuracy
510·1189mm ' 'Or088 Controle
765 30
(20·46.8 in.) 510·945 mm
(20·37 in.)

510 20 ---- ---------- ------------- -

255 10 below 510 mm (201n.)

O O

mm Inches

Clearance
Minimum a 28 in (710 mm)
Preferred = 38 In (915 mm)

Preclalon Controls are frequently used contrcla thal requlre accurate & apecllic settings 8uch as, rctery selector
Bwltches and thumbwheels
.. Oro58 cenlrols are les! Irequently used controls Ihal do noI require accurale, speclflc seltlngs or where Ihe
centrol can only be seI In a 8mall number of discrete settlngs (te, onloff pushbuttons, lever contro/s, IInd
sllde switches).

3) Provide higher than normalluminance, ensure high levels of centrast and increased
thickness of displayed numbers for instruments located in vibration areas

.T\
j '.

7 For working population multiply each dimension by 0,95. See Section 3.6.32.
ì ,
'il_I ~
\
 • Date:Jan. 21,2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OOIOO/SP/DB/NAlOO1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
..........-
.... t ......

Rev O Page 49 of 78

3.6.4 Pipe-work and Valves B

Valve Design, Access, Location, Orienlation and Clearance

3.6.4.1 Valve Design

1) Do not require a force greater than 352 N (80 Ibf) for the manual operation of valve
handwheels, manual gear operators, levers, or chain operators.
2) Replace trequent operating valves, including gear operators, that require a force
greater than 352 N (80 Ibf) to turn or that require more than 40 turns trom tully open
to fully closed position, with motor-, air-, or hydraulically-operated valves or modify
valve actuators so they can be operated with powered, valve-turning equipment.
Definition of frequent operation is indicated in Section 4.15.h.
3) Selact and install valves and gear operators so flow increases when the actuator is
turned counter-clockwise, moved from left to right, front lo back, or upwards.

3.6.4.2 Valve Access 9

1) Locate valves so operators do noi have lo stand on equipment, handrails or pipe
wor1< to access them. Install handholds and toeholds, as necessary, lo assist workers
to climb to valves.
2) Ensure that gangways to the location of large valves in large diameter pipe-work are
sufficiently wide to move Ihe valves to and trom the location - 102 mm (4 in .) required
either side of equipment or trolley.
3) Avoid ladders for vertical access when equipment will need to be carried to the
location - use stairs, or stair-Iadders.
4) When valve musI be carried and it is bulky or weighs more than 13Kg (29Ib), use
ramps or elevators as a means of ascent or move the valve using a crane or hoist.
5) Provide 375mm (15 in .) radiai clear space around valve bonnets for the use of tools.
6) Ensure that Motor Operated Valves (MOVs) are accessible far operations and
instrument and electrical maintenance trom grade or platform.
7) Set maximum reach to a valve from a ladder according to para 3.5.4.2 6)
8) Mount ball valve handles so they move toward or away from the ladder user's body,
not para ilei to it.
9) Control valve access as specified in Contrai Valve Specificalions and Guidelines.
10) Provide permanenl access at grade or tram a platform far ali Category l valves.
Ladder access to the platform is acceptable as long as no 10015 or SCBA have to be
transported to the valve - otherwise provide stair or stair-Iadder access
11) Provide permanent access or purpose built standing surfaces for ali Category Il

8 See Engineering Note 3 far dimensions related to access to valves, f1anges and valve
bonnets.
9 Access crileria for valve operation are listed in Attachment 2
 o Date:Jan. 21 , 2009 SPECIFICA nON FOR PMP/OO/00/SPIDB/NAf001
HUMAN FACTORS
..........
.............-

Rev o Page 50 of 78

valves as long as lhe cosls can be justified . Ve rtiea I ladders and small slanding
surfaces are acceplable as long as no tools or SCBA have to be Iransported to the
valve - otherwise provide stair or stair-Iadder accesso

3.6.4.3 Valve Location end Orientation

1) Set center of valve handwheel or handle to the following heights above grade or
platform:
Vertical stem va/ves (refer to Figure 16)
o Usa the "first choice" location for:
Category I or Il valves, or when
Valve requires forces over 264 N (60 Ibf) to open or close
o Use the "second choice" location for ali other valves
• Use the "third choice" location if the nrst two cannot be met
• Avoid placing valves above the shoulder
Horizonta/ stem va/ves (refer to Figure 17)
• Use the "first choice" location for
Category I or Il valves, or when
Valve requires forces over 308 N (70 Ibf) to open or close
• Use the · second choice" for ali other valves
• Use the "third choice" location if the first two cannot be met
• Avoid placing valves below the knee (with the exception of low-point drains)
Ang/ed stem va/ves (refer to Figure 1B)
Angle ali stems toward the shoulder:
• Use the "first choice" location for:
Category I and Il valves, or when
Valve requires forces over 308 N (70 Ibf) to open or close
• Use the "second choice" location for ali other valves
• Avoid placing valves in Uthird choice" location. If used, install a step-up
2) Lìmit horizontal reach to valve actuators lo between 180 mm (7 inches) and 400 mm
(16 in.).
3) Position emergency block valves (EBVs) that require manual or local actuation at a
horizontal distance of at least 12 m (40 ft.) from the equipment being protected .
4) Locate the actuator bultons for remotely-operated EBVs at a horizontal distance of at
least 12 m (40 ft.) from the equipment being protected.
5) Locate valves so valve position can be determined visually from surveillance
gangways and corridors in both daytime and nighttime conditions,
 Dale:Jan. 21 , 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DBfNAlOO1
Q
...............
...........
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 51 or 78

3.6.4.4 Valve Clearance

1) Set minimum overhead clearance of valve handwheels at 2000 mm (79 in.).
2) Locate valve handwheels/handles so they don 't protrude into walkways, accessways.
or passageways and infringe on their minimum widths.
3) Set the clear width of platforms or walkways to valves at 760 mm (30 in.) for
operation and 800 mm (32 in.) for maintenance.(refer to Engineering Note 3)
4) Locate chain operators, where permitted, so they do not block accessways.
5) Set minimum clearance between valve handwheels and adjacent handwheels.
equipment and structures to 75 mm (3 in .).
6) Set minimum clearance between the back of the handwheel and equipment,
structures, and line insulation to 50 mm (2 in.).
7) Set minimum clearance between the handles of ball and plug-type valves to 75 mm
(3 in .) for ali handle orientations.
8) Provide additional clearance, as necessary. for wrench-assisted operation of valve
handwheels and handles of ball-and-plug type valves.
9) Set minimum clearance between low-point drains and grade at 150 mm (6 in .).

3.6.4.5 Va lve Operation

1) Support powered. valve-turning equipment weighing more than 2.7 Kg (6 Ib) to
reduce the stress to the upper body or equip it with a tool balancer.
2) Provi de access to and workspace around the pipe-work and valves in accordance
with Section 3.5.
3) Establish how frequently each valve and pipeline section will require operation /
maintenance and which may require rapid accesso Ensure that these are given
priority when establishing their location.
4) Ensure there is sufficient, unobstructed workspace for valve operation and to the
side(s) of the valve requiring access for maintenance, valve removal, and inspection
for corrosion and leaks .
5) Avoid the use of buried or pit located valves. If Ihese cannot be avoided then ensure
the hand-wheel is within 300 mm (12 in .) of the standing surface.
6) Include a minimum clearance between adjacent valves and equipment of 800 mm
(32 in.) or preferably 1500 mm (60 in.). This space should be increased if it is
anticipated that wrench assistance will be needed to seat I unseat or operate a valve.
Additional clearance will be needed if il is anticipated thal PPE and/or co Id weather
clothing will be worn .
7) It should be possible to visually determine valve position from normal
gangways/corridors. Figure 16 and Figure 17 within this section indicate vertical and
horizontal visual limit angles.
8) Chain operator design and operation should meet the egronomie design requirement
of the user population .
 Date:Jan. 21 , 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/oBINAJOO1
Q
--
............
Rev O
HUMAN FACTORS

Page 52 of 78

Not Acceptable
7 mm (47.5 in)

Second Choice
_________ ìiii• • =98::.m
~ m (39.3 in)

First Choice

- ""I!é.--qQ,Frn-lm (23,2 in)

Third Choice

Recommended Mounting Heights of Vertlcal Stem Valves

[usar population)
o
...-
.........-
Oate:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR

HUMAN FACTORS
PMP/OO/OO/SP/OBlNAlO01

Rev O Page 53 of 78

- - -_ _ _ ____- - - - - 1819 mm (71.6 in)

Third Choice

----------I_t--~~--- 1207 mm (47.5 in)

First Choice

~. ~-- 998 mm (39,3 in)

Second Choice

o mm (23.2 in)
Not Acceptable

Recommended Mounting Helghts of Horlzontal Stem Valves

[User Population]
 , Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OOIOO/SP/DB/NNOO1
G
.............
OATIlAGAS
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 54 of 78

Angle from 9
Horizontal

1819 mm (71.6 in)

Second Choice

1207 mm (47.5 in)

Minimum
Head
First Choice Clearance
1956 mm
(77 in)

590 mm (23.2 in)

Second Choice

Recommended Mountlng Heights of Valves with Angled Stems

[ user population]

Engineering Note 3:

Provide the following minimum maintenance access space to line flanges and valve bonnets
far operators and far the use of tools (not applicable to lines in pipe racks)

Horizontal lines

Une Diameter Minimum spacing (outside of flange

to nearest obstruction)

1 <1'= 2-inch 150mm (one side)

2 3-4 inch 200mm (one side)

3 6-8 inch 375m m (one side)

4 >1'= 10 inch 800mm (both sides)

 Dale:Jan. 21.2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00100/SP/DB/NAlO01
Q
~
HUMAN FACTORS
••u,
~u"tC

Rev O Page 55 of 78

For horizonlal lines less Ihan 10-inches in diameter. access lo one side will be a minimum of
800mm while minimum access space to the other side is given above. For vertical
lines. access space lo one side wi" be a minimum of BOOmm, while minimum access
space to Ihe olher side is given above. Maximum distance required between ali
adjacent flanges for vertical lines is 375mm.

The principal is Ihal Ihe valve or flange needs lo be accessed trom one side only. The
narrower dimension is only to provide space for the use of lools. When two lines of
different diameters are adjacent, the spacing for the larger diameter li ne will apply.

If flange is small and has only four bolts. spacing between adjacent flanges in a sei of lines
or between flange and the nearesl obstruction can be narrower than 150mm as long
as the following conditions are mel:
Case-1 . Horizontal Sets of lines:
(A). For a horizonlal set of lines that has access to only one side:
i. Access to one outside line musi be 800mm or grealer (for human
access),
ii. Spacing between the other outside flange and the nearest obslruction
must be 150mm or greater loward a minimum of 90degrees radiai
angle trom each boli (for wrench turning), and
iii. The total width of lhe sei of lines should not exceed 600mm (for reach
from one side human access)
iv. Access both above and below each line in the set must be at leasl
150mm (for arm access and wrench turning).
(B). For a horizontal set of lines lhat has access to bolh sides:
i. Access to the outside line must be BOOmm on both sides of the sei (for
human access),
ii . The total width of the set of lines should noi exceed 1000mm (for
reach from either side human access).
iii. Access both above and below each li ne in the set musI be al least
150mm (for arm access and wrench lurning).

Case-2. Vertical Sets of lines:

(A). For a vertical set of lines thal has access lo the front and two sides (right
and left) of the sei
i. Spacing between the back of each flange and lhe nearest obslruction
musi be at least 150mm (for arm access and wrench turning),
ii. Access to three sides of the sei (front, right and left side) must be
BOOmm (for human access), and
iii. The total width of the sei of lines should noi exceed 1000mm (far
reach from either side human access).
(8). Far a vertical set of lines thal has access to the front and one side (righi (or
left)) of lhe sei
i. Spacing between the back of each flange and Ihe nearest obstruction
must be al least 150mm (far arm access and wrench turning),
ii. Access to two sides of the set (front and righi (or left» must be 800mm
(for human access),
iii. Spacing between the other oulside (Ieft (or right) nange and Ihe
nearest obstruction must be 150mm or greater toward a minimum of
90degrees radiai angle trom each bolt (for wrench lurning), and
,
l\\
\ '

pi I
 Date:Jan. 21,2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/OO/SPIDBINAlOO1
Q.
-
........-
Rev O
HUMAN FACTORS

Page 56 of 78

iv. The total width of the set of lines should not exceed 600mm (far reach
tram one side human access).
(C). Far a vertical set of lines that has 800mm access to both front and back
i. The total width of the set is unlimited as long as there is 800mm
spacing on ali front and back sides of the set (far human access)
ii. Spacing between the other outsides (right and left) flange and the
nearest obstruction must be 150mm or greater toward a minimum of
90degrees radiai angle tram each bolt (far wrench turning).

l'
 • Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/OB/NAlOO1
Q
........- HUMAN FACTORS
.....-..
Rev O Page 57 of 78

SPACE REQUIRED AROUHO SYAl.L FlANGE (!«l1! !.~

• C A $'''- - I
C43F- la
HORIZOHTAl.. SET CF LN!S

CASE-g4

C.ASE - te

.JIlPtF4
(*' A~ ",EH PIPiNCt srANDAKD ()lVfI
(jflP, M,flIJ,ltlM i!!fJt)IUD SPACE FO~
tuJ~r(~ rutm OF SPAIlf.lEIt
.. Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICAnON FOR PM P/OO/OO/SPIDB/NAlOO 1
Q
-- Rev o
HUMAN FACTORS

Page 58 of 78

,...
,.. ~
~ , ·l~1°
..~ }
~t,
Q.
~
'}?
ù..
()

~
)1 m
~
Q)
-t
e
~
\",

l
~.

I ~
,
\

\
"
.
~
o
ti-
~~
Ot{'"
<4;1
LI.I~
~
 Date:Jan. 21 , 2009 SPECIFICATlON FOR PMP/00/00/SP/DB/NAlO01
Q
...............
CA........
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev : O Page 59 of 78

For valve bonnets, up to 8-inches the minimum access space around bolts is given above.
Far 10-inch valves and larger. Al least 375mm access space is required to bonnet
bolts.

3,6.4.6 Controls and Displays

1) Ensure that valve stations for similar purposes have the sa me arrangement and
appearance, whlle those with different purposes have different layouts and
appearances,
2) Piace manually operated valves and associated local displays so that the operator
can view the affected equipment and monitor the result of control aclions.
3) Ensure that for manual operation of val ves there is adequate feedback to the
operator thal the valve itself has been activated and that there is indication of the
current valve status (fully closed, fully open, and partially open).
4) Use valves of a different design and/or colar for different utilities and in particular
ensure that ESD valve hand-wheels are a specific style and color, different trom ali
other valves.
5) Ensure thal lo operate an ESD valve, a double action is required: arm/release and
then implement (i.e., actuate and confirm).

3.6.4.7 Manual Handling

1) Provide hoists, permanent lifting equipment. such as lifting beams, or access by
overhead cranes to remove large valves and pipe-work.
2) Clearly label large valves and valve sections with their weight.
3) Provide adequate lay-down areas for large valves and pipeline sections and clearly
define lifting zones and lay-down areas with floar markings.

3.6.4.8 Labeling

1) Provide permanent unique identification tags for every valve, ensuring primary valve
identification can be read from narmal walkways. See Section 3.4.
2) Clearly mark lhree-way valves to indicate inletloutlet connections and flow
proportioning as a function of stem position.

3.6.4.9 Environmental Consideration

1) Provide lighting to the local instruments in accordance with Section 3.7. Provide
adequate lighting levels in the vicinity of ali valves, particularly for those that are
positioned at the edge of reach envelopes, are close to large items that could
overshadow them, or are within equipment housings. Consider the need to
supplement lighting to above 105 lux (10 foot candles) to assist maintenance tasks
on some valves.
2) If temperatures could exceed 29 DC (85 nF) during valve maintenance tasks, then air
conditioning ar fans should be provided.
 • Date:Jan. 21 , 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/OO/SPIDB/NAlOO1
Q
-
~

Rev O
HUMAN FACTORS

Page 60 of 78

3) If the temperatures cauld fall below 16 °C (60 °F), then design to accommodate cald
weather clothing and provide for drying of equipment retuming from workshops.
Previde the capability to use portable radiant heaters without interfering with the
space required far maintenance tasks.
4) Strong winds can have significant impact on valve maintenance and also the
operation of handwheels requiring several turns. Provide windbreaks or other shelter
and try to avoid locating equipment in wind traps and down drafts. etc.
 • Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlOO1
Q
~
aATARGAS
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 61 cf 78

3.7 Worklng Environment

1) This chapter identifies the minimum requirements for working environment to ensure
the comfort and enhance the effectiveness of operating and maintenance staff. It
includes Sections on:
a) Lighting
b) Thermal Environment
c) Vibration Reduction and Control
d) Noise Reduction and Control
e) Ventllation
f) Weather Protection

3.7.1 Lighting
1) Supplement generai lighting systems with IDeai special-purpose lighting to increase
illumination above 1000 lux (93 foot candles) for difficult inspection, repair, and
document-reading tasks.
2) Locate lights for recessed displays, or panels with access doors to ensure that
recessed diplays are illuminated.
3) Ensure that any direct light source is at least 10 degrees outside the operator's field
of view.
4) Minimize the potential for self-reflection by careful orientation of displays with respect
to the observer.
5) Avoid optical distortion trom glass cover plates by using flat glass covers rather than
dome glass covers.
6) Cover large surface areas with non-saturated colors such as tints, pastels, and warm
grays that are non-glossy.
7) Minimize giare and reflections through the design approaches provided in Table 7.
 ~ Oate:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/OB/NAlOO 1
CD
............. HUMAN FACTORS
DA'N'Ul A'

Rev O Paga 62 of 78

Table 7 Methods of Controlling Giare

To Control Direct Giare To Controllndirect Giare
(Veiling Reflections and Reflected Giare)
. Position light sources and lighting units Use light sources with diffusing or
as far from the person's line of sight as polarizing lenses.
possible. Use surfaces that diffuse light such as
Use several low-intensity light sources flat paint, non-gloss paper, and textured
instead of one bright one. surfaces.
Use light sources with louvers or . Change the orientation of a workplace,
prismatic lenses. task, viewing angle, or viewing direction
Use indirect lighting. until maximum visibility is achieved .
Use light shields, hoods, and visors at Eliminate extreme giare hazards such as
the workplace if other methods are brightly potished bezels, glossy enamel
impractical . finishes, and highly reflective covers.
Note: Copyright © 1985. Electric Power Research Institute. EPRI NP-4350. Human
Engineering Design Guidelines for Maintainability. Reprinted with Permission.

3.7.2 Thermal Environment

3.7.2.1 Temperature
1) During outdoor work, strong winds pose particular problems for work at heights,
manual handling, and maintenance work. Check for wind traps and down drafts.
Avoid locating equipment that wi" need a high level of human interaction in these
positions, or provide windbreaks and shielding walls.

3.7.2.2 Humidity
1) Control humidity in accordance with "HVAC System Design Basis".

3.7.3 Vibration Reduction and Control

1) Consider the following compensatory measures to maintain legibility of displays in
the presence of vibration:
a) A high luminance of display to increase contrast beyond the normallevel.
b) A stroke width in the direction of the vibration between 5 percent and 7 percent of
the height of the displayed numbers.
2) Pumps and compressors are a major source of vibration; where possible, consider
the following measures:
a) Mount and install machines on vibration isolation or dampers.
b) Use flexible pipe-work when connecting to equipment subject to vibration.

3.7.4 Noise Reduction and Control

1) Contro I noise levels in accordance with Guideline, "Specification for Plant Noise
 d-, Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR
HUMAN FACTORS
PMP/00100/SP/DB/NAlO01

=
Rev O Page 63 of 78

Control".
2) Reverberation times should be between 0.5 seconds and 12.0 seconds to prevent
echoes or sound muffling within the control rooms.

3.7.5 Ventilation

1) Control ventilation in accordance with Guideline "HVAC System Design Basis".

3.7.6 Weather Protection

3.7.6.1 Protection from Adverse Weather

1) Early design decisions shall take into account weather protection considerations for
personnel related to:
a) Platform I vessel orientation
b) Explosion protection
c) Module layout
d) Weather cladding (in particular with respect to requirements for minimum air
changes per hour in a module)
2) Locations where task performance may be degraded by exposure to adverse
weather should be identified, and this information should be included in the decisian
process on providing and positioning weather protection.
3) Far equipment needing a high level of human intervention. avoid plaeement where
wind traps or downdrafts are \ikely to occur, or provide wind breaks I shielding walls.
4) In high temperature areas. adequate ventilation should be provided to maintain a
temperature below 32°C (90°F) where physical work is regularly performed.
5) In high temperature areas, provide space and utilities for temporary ventilation during
non-routine work.
6) Provide shelter from the elements at muster points and lifeboat embarkation areas .
 Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PM P IOO/OO/SP ID B/NA/OO 1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
..............
Q.&naOA.~

Rev O Page 64 of 78

3.8 Evacuation and Escape

This section identifies the minimum requirements for evacuation and escape from facilities
primarily on offshore platforms although much of the information is applicable to facilities in
generaI.

3.8.1 Evacuation and Escape

3.8.1.1 Alarm Systems

1) Whenever possible, use audible alarms, rather than visible alarms, to alert personnel
to muster.
2) Set audible alarms to deliver an output level of 10 dBA, and preferably 20 dBA above
ambient noise levels during normal operations
3) Provide a signal to noise ratio of at least 20 dBA in at least one, and preferably three,
13 octave bands between 200 and 5000 Hz at the operating position of the intended
receiver,
3) Adjust the sound pressure level of audible alarms In accommodation modules to at
least 75 dBA at a distance of 1000 mm (40 in.) from the source to sleeping
personnel.
4) Set the alarm frequency between 500 Hz and 5000 Hz.
5) Do not permit alarms to generate a startling reaction. In the first 0.2 seconds of a
signal, avoid having abruptly rising waveforms, square topped waveforms, or
maximum sound level. As generai guidance, a startled reaction may be expected if
the sound level rises by more than 30 d8A in 0.5 seconds.
6) Design the Generai Alarm and the Ali Clear Signal to be distinct from each other and
from ali other alarms.
7) Make public address announcements audible over the alarm. The use of the public
address could temporarily override the GPA signa!. The alarm tone will stop while the
announcement is transmitled and return when the speech ends.
8) Do not design the public address system so the public address announcement is
distorted through reverberation or interference.
9) Provide visual alarms in noisy areas where an audible alarm may not be heard.
Provide visual alarms to supplement audible alarms throughout the facility since
noi se levels during an alert may be higher than for normal operations.
10) Set the flash rate of visual alarms to between 3 to 5 flash es per second with equal
intervals of light and dark between the signals. Set the luminance of the visual alarm
light to be at least a 10 percent greater than the luminance level in the surrounding
area.
11) Use only a single flashing patlern for a visual alarm.
12) Piace visual alarms away from bright light sources that may mask the signa!.

3.8.1.2 Evacuation Routes

 Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP100/00/SP/DB/NAlOO 1
Q
~
o.'AnfWt;
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 65 of 78

1) Provide areas over 5 m (16 ft.) long with at least two exits leading to evacuation
routes.
2) Design the primary evacuation route clear passage width (exclusive of handrails, wall
mounted equipment, etc. to be at least 1525 mm (60 in.). Maintain this dimension for
any stairways In the evacuation route. Make the height at least 2000 mm (79 in.).
3) Design the evacuation routes to be as direct as possible, avoiding frequent changes
of direction and the need to repeatedly ascend and descend deck levels. Where
changes in deck level are required , use stairs or ramps rather than ladders.

3.8.1.3 Door Systems and Halches

1) Design doors to open in the direction of personnel movement in an emergency. Do
not use sliding doors for exit doors.
2) Design emergency doors, hatches, and kick panel exits to be:
Easy to operate
Directlyaccessible
Unobstructed
Easy to locate and operate in the dark
Quick opening (3 seconds or less)
Opened using a force of between 44 to 133 N (10 to 30 Ib.)
3) Such exits shall pose no safety hazard to personnel, either of themselves or by their
operation.
4) Clearly mark emergency doors, hatches, and kick panel exits on both sides of the
door, hatch, or panel to prevent items being placed where they will obstruct operation
of the exit.
5) Provide airlock doors with a local alarm (to prompt users to close the door) if
pressurization is lost for a significant period of time.
6) Indicate the "Open" action for do or and hatch handles.
7) Make the dimensions of escape hatches large enough to accommodate personnel
who might be wearing heavy clothing, breathing apparatus, life jackets, etc.
Minimum dimensions of hatches are:
a) For sideways access through rectangular aperture in a vertical surface:
- Light clothing: 660 mm high by 760 mm wide (26 in. high by 30 in. wide)
- Bulky clothing: 740 mm high by 860 mm wide (29 in. high by 34 in. wide)
b) For top and bottom access through a rectangular aperture in a horizontal surface:
- Light clothing: 330 mm by 580 mm (13 in. by 23 in.)
- Bulky clothing: 410 mm by 690 mm (16 in. by 27 in)
c) For circular apertures :
- Minimum diameter =760 mm (30 in.)
 • Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/0O/SP/DB/NAlOO1
G
............
...T......
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 66 of 78

8) Wherever possible, design vertical hatches to be opened with one hand. However,
where this Is not practicable, minimize the weight of the hatch cover. Maximum
weights far vertical escape hatch covers are:
a) One hand opening: weight less than 6.5 Kg (14.3 Ib.)
b) Stooplng: weight less than 6.5 Kg (14.3Ib.)
c) Standing, squattlng, kneeling: weight less than 16 Kg (35.2Ib.)
 , Date:Jan. 21,2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PM P100100/SPID BINA/OO 1
Q.
~
HUMAN FACTORS
QA""A1"''&'t

Rev O Page 67 of 78

3.9 Dther Eguipment and Human Factors Areas

1) This seetion identifies the minimum requirements for enhaneing the operability and
maintainability of auxiliary equipment in a faeility. This seetion also eovers other
areas that have spada I Human Faetors eonsiderations. It ineludas seetions on:
a) Utilities/Serviees
b) Test Points
c) Cabling and Conductors
d) Communications
e) Overside and Suspended Work
f) Diving Operations

3.9.1 Utilities and Servlces

3.9.1.1 Aeeess
1) Ensure services (electrical power, water, instrument air, etc.) are readily accessible.
Position services next to access routes and orient so that they can be easily reached
trom IDeai equipment.
2) Ensure that the positioning of service connections and inter-connections between
skids does not obstruct access to failed components and allows their removal if
necessary'
3) Ensure that there are eleetrical output sockets of the required voltage elose to items
requiring maintenance.
4) Ensure servi ce lines are easily distinguishable from eaeh other and from the process
lines.

3.9.2 Test and Sample Points

1) Ensure test points and sample points are readily aceessible. Test points should be
positioned on or behind equipment aceess points that should be easily reaehed or
readily operated when the equipment is fully assembled and installed.
2) Identify sample points with a permanent, eorrosion-resistant tag securely fastened
(adhesive fastening is not acceptable). Include the following information on each tag :
a) Unit name
b) Unit sample identifieation
c) Sample identification for accounting purposes
d) Physical state (liquid, vapor or solid)
e) Temperature
t) Pressure
g) Warning signs should be posted if toxic substances are present
 Oate:Jan . 21 , 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/OB/NAlOO 1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
~

Rev O Page 68 of 78

3) Provide access for test probes and tools without contacting adjacent equipment.
4) Locate test and sample points away trom dangerous electrical, mechanical, or other
hazards. Provide a hand's width (115 mm (4.5 in.)) separation from the nearest
hazards, in addition to guards and shields to prevent injury.
5) Group test and sample points logically in a line or matrix reflecting the sequence of
tests to be made. Avoid locating a single test or servi ce point in an isolated position -
- such points are the most likely to be overlooked or neglected .
6) Locate test and sample points and their associated labels so that they face the user
in their test position .
7) Locate test points used for adjusting a unit close to the related controls and displays.
8) Where items requiring frequent visual inspection (e.g., gauges, indicators, etc.) are
located inside an enclosure, design test points with windows to provide immediate
visual access o
9) Provide a minimum in-service illumination level of 215 lux (20 foot-candles) for
sampling faeilities . If lightlng is provided specifically for the sample point(s), provi de
a local switch.
10) If it is necessary to lubricate equipment, group greasing or filling points together.

3.9.3 Cabling and Conductors

3.9.3.1 Labeling
1) Uniquely identify ali replaceable wires and cables with distinet color or number
codes. Code color-coded wires over their entire length . Repeat number eodes
regularly over the wire's entire length . See Section 3.4.
2) Label cables to indicate the equipment to which they belong and the connectors with
which they mate.

3.9.4 Communication Systems

3.9.4.1 System Regu irements

1) Provide a sufficient number of communication channels to avoid excessive waiting

for a free channel.
2) Provide dedicated lines for frequent, lengthy, or emergency communications.
3) Provide portable systems as needed to supplement installed systems.
4) Where possible, select operators' microphones, headphones, and telephone
headsets to permit hands-free operation under normal working conditions.
5) Locate communication systems (e.g., telephones, radio units, etc.) so that the time
and effort required for access by personnel is not excessive and so that stations are
in areas of relative quiet.
6) Where communication requirements necessitate the use of severa I telephones and
radio units, determine their locations by operational priority. Where operators use
 Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00100/SP/OB/NAlOO1
Q
............... HUMAN FACTORS
O"'''RGAS;

Rev O Page 69 of 78

severa I telephone and radio unlts. consider color coding of handsets to facilitate easy
identification.
7) Design headphones and telephone headsets far maximum operator comfort. Do not
allow any metal parts of the headset to come in contact with the user's skin.
8) Ensure that personnel wearing protective clothing can stili use the communication
systems.
9) Provide dual communication systems I electricity I power supplies to maintain
communication during emergencies (e.g .. battery backup, loud hailers, separated
cabling ducts).

3.9.4.2 Speech Transmission and Recepìlon Eguipment

1) When selecting types of microphones consider the following factors:
a) Single versus multiple inputs
b) The mobility of the user
c) Physical constraints on the user (e.g., Hands not free to hold the microphone)
d) Ambient noise
e) Special user eonstraints (headgear, oxygen mask, etc.)
2) Design microphones, headphones, loudspeakers, and associated systems to
respond optimally to frequencies in the range 200 Hz to 6100 Hz. Where system
constraints necessitate speech-transmission bandwidths narrower than this, set the
minlmum acceptable frequency range at 250 Hz to 400 Hz.
3) Ensure the dynamic range of a microphone used with a selected amplifier is great
enough to allow variations in signal input of at least 50 dBA.
4) In very loud, low frequency noise environments (100 dBA overall) utilize noise-
canceling microphones. Design the microphones to be capable of effecting an
improvement of not less than 10 dB peak-speech to root-mean-square-noise ratio as
compared with non-noise eaneeling mierophones.
5) Where personnel are working in high ambient noise (85 dBA or above), provide
binaural rather than monaural headsets. Where possible, wire binaural head sets so
that the sound reaches the two ears in opposing phases. Design the microphones
so that their attenuation qualities are capable of reducing the ambient noise leve I to
less than 85dBA.
6) If a console operator's hands are occupied so that they cannot pick up a microphone,
locate a fixed microphone as close to the user's mouth as practical.
7) When the user is in an intense noise field, piace the microphone in a noise shield.
Design noise shields to meet the following requirements:
a) A volume of at least 250 cm 3 (15.25 in.3 ) to permit a pressure gradient
microphone to function normally
b) A good seal against the face with the pressure of a hand or the tension of the
straps
c) A hole or combination of holes covering a total area of 65 mm2 (0.1 in?) in the
shield to prevent pressure build up
 • Oate:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/0010O/SP/OB/NAlO01
Q
~
CIIt AIlIU$
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 70 of 78

d) Prevention of a standing wave pattern by shape, or by the use of sound

absorbing material
e) No impediment to voice effort, mouth or jaw movement, or breathing.
8) Where multiple channels feed Into headphones, design the system to respond
uniformly over the frequency range 100 Hz to 4800 Hz
9) Provide accessible volume or gain controls for each communication-receiving
channel.
10} Where communication channels are to be contlnuously monitored, provide a means
to suppress channel noise during no-signa I periods (e.g., squelch control).

3.9.4.3 Audfbllity and Recognition of Signals and Alarms

1) Ensure that the number, location, and amplitudes of PA system loudspeakers are
adequate to ensure the intelligibllity of announcements throughout work spaces in ali
potential noise conditions. Ensure that the resulting articulation index is 0.7 or
greater.
2} In areas where the noise level varies by 20 dB or more, conslder providing variable
loudspeaker amplitude and teatures that allow the volume setting to be monitored.
3) In noisy areas where the inte/ligibility of speech is low (e.g. , where the artlculation
index is less than 0.7), provide peak ctipping for PA systems with loudspeakers.
4) In containment and other large volume areas, provide sufficient numbers of
loudspeakers to avoid excessive echoing. Maximum speaker range in these
reverberant spaces should not exceed 15 m (50 ft.).
5) Where a single person uses loudspeakers, mount the loudspeakers directly in front
of the user and equipped them with a volume control and a jack box far use with
headphones.
6) Where operators wear headphones covering both ears, present audible alarms in the
headset as wett as in the work area .
7) Where audio alarms are intended to draw the operator's attention to a warning,
design the alarm signal so it's easily distinguished trom routine signals and
communications.
8) Establish a message priority system so that criticai messages override the
presentation of any other communications that are less important. It two or more
incidents occur simultaneously, give the message having the higher priority first.
9) Ensure that the number, location, and amplitudes of PA system loudspeakers are
adequate to maximize the intelligibility of announcements throughout work spaces in
ali potential noise conditions. Ensure that the resulting articulation index is 0.7 or
greater.

3.9.5 Eguipment and Piplng Arrangement of Packaged Eguipment

(Engineering Notei)
COMPANY instruct that CONTRACTOR shall ;
 • Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlOO1
Q HUMAN FACTORS
.;.:...;::
Rev O Page 71 of 78

i. Confirm package location, orientation and elevation.

ii. Identify areas far maintenance and operation on the package unit,
then
iii. Secure the necessary access space for maintenance and operation to
the package as a design consideration for Human Factors on package
equipment.
 Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00100/SP/DB/NN001
Q HUMAN FACTORS
~
,...... "aac;;.a.s

Rev O Page 72 cf 78

4.0 Definitions

4.1 A~weighted sound pressure level. Sound pressure measured in decibels that is
filtered according to a weighting curve that closely approximates the response
characteristics of the human ear.

4.2 Accessibility. The relative ease that a piece of equipment may be reached ,
operated, monitored, or removed .

4.3 Air flow velocity. The flow rate of air in a specific direetion in meters per second
(m/s) or feet per minute (ft./min).

4.4 Ambient lighting. Lighting designed to provide unìform ìlluminance Ihroughout an

area .

4.5 Ambient noise. The loudness of the combination of sounds within a work area. It ìs
often used lo determine the need for hearing protection or to calculate how loud
auditory displays need to be lo be heard .

4.6 Annunciator. An illuminated display thal is used to provide dichotomous (on-off)

status information about a piece of equipment. Annunciators are often used as
alarms to notify the operator of an equipment problem.

4.7 Anthropometry. The seience that determines the body sizes and force capability of
populations. Anthropometric data are used to determine the proper size of equipment
and facililies Ihat people use.

4.8 CAUTION slgn. A sign installed where a hazard could result in minor injury to a
person, or minor damage to equipment, or cause a minor environmental pollution
incident

4.9 Character height. The distance between the top and the bottom of a capitai letter.

4.10 Character stroke width. The width of the lines that make-up a charaeter letter.

4.11 Character width to height ratio. The relationship between the width and height of a
complete alphanumeric eharacter.

4.12 Clearance. The space provided between two ilems lo permit people and equipment
lo pass wilhoul touching the ilem. Clearance dimensions may relale to headroom,
shoulder room, or the width of passageways.

4.13 Control. Any pushbutton, swilch , knob, lever or other device that Is operaled by the

.d.
JII
 Date:Jan. 21. 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/00/SP/DB/NAlO01
Q
.............
00........
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 73 of 78

user to manipulate the system that he or she is changing.

4.14 Control panel. A mounting platform, usually a meta I plate, for controls and disolays
that are used to operate one or more pieces of equipment.

4.15 Categorv I - Accesslble Valves. valves that are essential to maintain the integrity of
the unit where rapid and/or unobstructed access is essential. Platform is essential
and ladder access to the platform Is recommended. Category I valves meet any of
the following:

1) Valves where the consequence of failure is serious - firewater isolation/deluge

val ves
2) Valves that are operated in an emergency - emergency block valves, and
manually operated relief and depressuring valves
3) Valves that are essential to the facility for process control or safeguarding - pump
and compressor suction and discharge valves and associated isolation valves,
PSV block valves, manifold valves
4) Control valves and their associated block and bypass valves
5) Frequently manually operated valves - valves that are operated and or
maintained more than three times per year
6) Battery limit valves
7) Motor operated valves
8) Other operated valves: valves that have the following combined characteristics:
• They are operating valves that requlre from fully open to fully closed position a
force greater than 352 N (80 Ibf) to turn or that require more than 40 turns,
and
• They are operated or maintained more than three times a year. (See
Attachment-1 )

In addition to being accessible, these valves shall be supplied with a gear so they
can be operated manually or with power valve-turning equipment.

Block valves,which comply with the force of 352 N and/or a maximum turns of 40
from close to fully open and need operation or maintenance more than three times
a year, shall be provided with MOV actuator or with provisions to be operated with
power valve-tuming equipment. Contractor shall identify these valves on P&ID.

For the list of valves to comply with this requirement, refer to attachment 1.

For large size isolation valves infrequently used such as during major maintenance
shutdown and requiring approximately 250 turns or more from fully open to fully
close and complying with the requirement of a farce equal or less than 352 N to
turn, shall be specified with provislons to be operated with valve-turning equipment.
Contractor shall also identify these valves on P&ID.

"
"
 o
Dale:Jan. 21 , 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SPIDB/NNOO 1
HUMAN FACTORS
-------
....' - l I

Rev O Page 74 of 78

4.16 Category Il - Non-Criticai Valves. valves that are not criticai to the integrity of the
unit. but are used during routine quality/environmentallmaintenance activities.
Permanent access or purpose built standing surfaces must also be considered, but
the extra costs must be justifiable. Vertical ladders and small standing surfaces are
acceptable as long as no tools or SCBA have to be transported to the valve.
Examples of valves in this category include:

• Drain and vent valves

• Instrumenl or analyzer isolation valves
o Input and output isolation valves on filters

4.17 DANGER sign. A sign installed where a hazard could result in a serious injury or
death to a person, serious damage lo vital equipment. or a major environmental
pollution incident.

4.18 Decibel. A uniI of sound pressure level.

4.19 Display. Any meter, gauge, counter, alarm, sightglass or any other device or
situation that provide visual, auditory, tactile. olfactory (smell) information to the user
about the state of the system (facility or equipment) that ha or she is operating or
exposed to .

4.20 Double-tier handrail. A handrail with Iwo horizontal railings, spaced at about equal
intervals above the walking surface.

4.21 Escutcheon plate. A metal or plastic label plate that mounts behind a display or
control. The plate is often shaped in the likeness of the equipment being displayed or
controlled.

4.22 ESO. Emergency shutdown.

4.23 Fixed ladder. A ladder that is permanently attached to a structure.

4.24 Foot-candle. A English unit of measure of illuminance.

4.25 Functional grouping. A cluster of displays and controls related lo Ihe same function
that have been bounded by lines or colors to set them apart trom other clusters .

4.26 GIare. Brightness within the visual field in excess of that lo which the eyes have
adjusted, which causes annoyance, discomfort, or loss of visual ability.

4.27 Handrail. A railing or pipe alon9 a passageway or stair that serves to support or
 Date:Jan. 21 . 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlOO1
Q
...........-. HUMAN FACTORS
G,"""'"

Rev O Page 75 of 78

guard o

4.28 lIIumination level. Amount of light, measured in Lux or foot-candles, falling on an

object or surface. One foot-candle equals 10.76 Lux.

4.29 Label. A placard thal is used to identify displays, controls, piani equipment, wiring,
and piping.

4.30 Ladder safety cage. An enclosure mounted on the side rails of a fixed ladder or
fastened to the structure to enclose the climbing space in order to safeguard the
person climbing the ladder.

4.31 Legibilltv. The property of a character, word, or symbol that determines how well il
can be read and understood.

4.32 Line of slte. A direct line from the eye of Ihe observer to the object being observed.
Une of sighl is used lo determine whether an object can be seen from the observer's
position.

4.33 Luminance. The brighlness of an object.

4.34 Lux. An International System of Units (SI) measure of illuminance.

4.35 Manway. A hole in the top or side of a tank or vessel through which a person can
enter.

4.36 Mirror image. A contrai panel where the controls and displays are laid-out as a
mirror image to another panel.

4.37 Optimal vlsual field. The fìeld of vision that provides optimal vision performance.

4.38 Population stereotype. Expectation on the measuring of or operalion of systems

that are distinct among a user population .

4.39 Reflectance. The ratio of the light falling on a surface (illuminance) to the brightness
(Iuminance) of the surface.

4.40 Relative humidity. The ratio of the amount of water vapor contained in the air to the
maximum amount of vapor that the air can hold at a given temperature before
precipitation occurs.

4.41 Riser step height. The vertical distance between adjacent step surfaces.
 Date:Jan. 21 . 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00100/SP/DB/NN001
Q
...-.-.
~
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 76 of 78

4.42 Sign . A placard thal is used to communicale inslructions or information to a user.

4.43 Signa I word. The word that is used on a hazard sign to identify Ihe importance of
the message, e.g., "DANGER" or "CAUTION".

4.44 Single-tier handrail. A handrail with a single horizontal railing .

4.45 Svmbol. A graphic or icon that represents an aetion, an objeet, or an instruction .

4.46 Task analysls. A formai analysis of a worker's task that is conducted by breaking
the job into its component parts or activilies, then determining the human factors
issues involved with each activity .

4.47 Task lighting. Lighting that is intended to provide iIIumination lo a specific work
area.

4.48 Toe wall. A raised border around a platform that prevents the feet of users fram
contacting equipment or fram kicking material off of the platform.

4.49 Tread depth. The horizontal distance of the stair tread measured tram the fronl
edge of the tread to the vertical riser.

4.50 Valve force. The force required on the valve wheel or handle to operate the valve.

4.51 Video display unit (VDU). A devi ce that displays visual information that an operator
uses to communlcate with a computer.

4.52 Viewing distance. The distance trom the eye lo the top and bottom the object that
is being viewed.

4.53 Viewing angle. The angle formed at the eye to the lop and bottom of the object
being viewed.

4.54 Workplace environment. The physical and environmental conditions of a work

area.

,i
I
 • Date:Jan. 21, 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/OO/OO/SP/DB/NAlOO 1
G
.....-....
o ..nA(\Alt;
HUMAN FACTORS

Rev O Page 77 of 78

5.0 Referenced Documents

5.1 HFES-Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

ANSI HFS 100 DRAFT: Human Factors Engineering of Computer Workstations

5.2 ISO·Jnternational Standards Organization

ISO 11064-1: Ergonomic Design of Control Centres - Part 1: Principles for
the Design of Contro I Centres
ISO 11064-2: Ergonomic Design of Control Centres - Part 2: Principles for
the Arrangement of Control Suites
ISO 11064-3: Ergonomic Design of Contrai Centres - Part 3: Contrai Room
Layout; Technical Corrigendum 1
ISO 11064-4: Ergonomic Design on Control Centres - Part 4: Workstation
Layout and Dimensions
ISO 11064-6: Ergonomic Design on Contrai Centres - part 6: Environmental
Requirements for Control Rooms

5.3 NEMA-National Electricel Manufacturers Association

NEMA Z535.1: Safety Color Code
NEMA Z535.2: Environmental and Facility Safety Signs
NEMA Z535.3: Criteria far Safety Symbols
NEMA Z535.4: Product Safety Signs and Labels

5.4 NTS-Norsk Teknologisenter

NTS S-002: Working Environment

5.5 Miscellaneous Text Books, Reports and Guidelines

ASM Consortium Guidelines, Effective Operator Display Design, Version 4.0, 19

June 2002, Honeywell Laboratories, 3660 Technology Drive. Minneapolis. MN,
55418
EEMUA Process Plant Control Desks utilizing Human Computer Interfaces. A Guide
to Design, Operational and Human Jnterface Issues, Publication No. 201, 2002.
London.
 Date:Jan. 21 . 2009 SPECIFICATION FOR PMP/00/00/SP/DBINAlO01
Q
.............. HUMAN FACTORS
•• oIIC4\o

Rev O Page 78 of 78

ABS (2003) "Guidance Notes of the Application of Ergonomics to Marine Systems."

American Bureau of Shipping, Houston, TX.
Jurgens, H. W., Aune, lA and Pieper, U. (1990) ~Intemational Data on
Anthropometry" Report #65, International Labor Office, Geneva.
Attwood, DA, Deeb, J.M. and Danz-Reece, M.E. (2003) "Ergonomic Solutions for
the Process Industries" Gulf Professional Publishing (Elsevier), Burlington, MA.
Pheasant, S. (1994) "Body Space: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of
Work" Second Edition, Taylor and Francis, New York

The latest revision of appllcable section of codes, standards, and the project specifications
listed above (including addenda, and documants Incorporated by refarance), shall be
considered an integrai part of this specification. In case of conflìcl among references, the
more stringent requirement shall be applied unless otherwise agreed upon in writing by
COMPANY.
r1
"<'
'
Plateau Malntenance Project Onshore Facilities
Ostar L1quefled Gas Company Limited
Engineering. Procurement and Construction
Contract
~ Ras Laffan. State of Oatar Annex E07: Specification for Human Factors

End of Annex E07

\
l TC/PMP/215/09 February 2010 Page 3\of 3
,
~ \
I
/.
l