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CP213: Tutorial Notebook 5

Question 1
Consider a block of mass m with a trapezoidal cross-section that has a base of length L as shown in the figure below. This block serves as a dam which holds back
a body of water in a channel of width W . How high can the water level be before the block begins to slide? Write the answer in terms of the atmospheric pressure p0
, the acceleration due to gravity g, the density ρ of water, the mass m of the block, the length of its base L, the angle θ, and the friction coefficient µ between the
block and the ground.

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Question 2
A Ferrari 360 Modena (see the figure below) has a W
˙ = 410 hp engine and mass of m = 1450 kg. The force Fe that propels the car forward is provided by the
engine, and the magnitude of that force is directly related to the power it supplies. Recall that when a force acts over a distance, it performs work. That is, if a force
acts over a small displacement d , then the work performed dW is

dW = ⋅d .

Remember that power is the rate at which work is performed; that is, it is the work per unit time. By dividing both sides of the above equation by the interval of time
dt over which the displacement occurred, we find:

dW d
= ⋅ .
dt dt
Using the fact that displacement per unit time is just the velocity, we find:

˙ =
W ⋅ .
So, power (or the rate at which work is performed) is equal to the force times velocity.

If the engine outputs a power W

˙
W
Fe =
v
where v is the speed of the car.

At low speeds, one of the main sources of friction acting on a car is rolling friction, which acting in a direction opposing the motion of the car. The magnitude of this
friction Fr is given by:

Fr = −µrmg

where µr is the coefficient of rolling friction. The value of µr depends on the surface the car is traveling over; for a car on asphalt, µr ≈ 0.03.

At higher speeds, air resistance becomes increasingly important. The drag force Fd on a moving object due to air resistance is described by

1
Fd = CdA ρv2
2
where Cd is the drag coefficient (a dimensionless quantity dependent on the shape of the object), A is a reference area (typically the projected area of the object),
and ρ is the density of the fluid. The body of the car has a constant drag coefficient Cd = 0.34, based on a frontal reference area of A = 2.03 m2. Assume the
density of air is 1.225 kg m−3.

Z. By considering the forces acting on the vehicle show that the top speed of the car can be expressed by:

˙ = µmg + 1 CdAρv2 v
W
2

and estimate the top speed. This may require use of numerical method. Can you simplify the final equation? [v = 86 m s−1]

^. How long will it take the car to increase the speed from 0 to 60\,mph? Hint: Consider the net force acting on the car to set up the equation:

dv
m = −Ff − Fd + Fe,
dt
then arrange it for and use the trapezoid rule to solve this problem. [t = 1.77 s]

Hints:

1 hp = 745.7 W
1 m s−1 = 2.24 mph

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Question 3
Evaluate the following integrals analytically (possibly with help from an integral table) and using sympy:

Z.
dx
∫
√7 + 6x − x2

^.
2x + 6
∫ dx
√5 − 4x − x2

a.
3x − 5
∫ dx
√4x2 − 12x

b. ∫ dx x2e−x

c. ∫ dx x2 cos(3x)

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