Scribd
Upload
206 views6 pages

Agrobacterium-Mediated Plant Transformation

Agrobacterium mediated transformation uses the soil bacterium Agrobacterium to transfer desired genes into plant cells. Agrobacterium naturally transfers oncogenic T-DNA from its Ti plasmid into plant cells, causing crown gall tumors. Scientists harness this ability by inserting the desired gene into the T-DNA, so that when Agrobacterium infects plant cells it will integrate the new gene into the plant genome. This provides a vehicle to introduce new genes to produce transgenic plants with traits like insect or drought resistance. Examples include golden rice with increased vitamin A and Bt crops resistant to insect pests.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ibrahim Aslam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
206 views6 pages

Agrobacterium-Mediated Plant Transformation

Agrobacterium mediated transformation uses the soil bacterium Agrobacterium to transfer desired genes into plant cells. Agrobacterium naturally transfers oncogenic T-DNA from its Ti plasmid into plant cells, causing crown gall tumors. Scientists harness this ability by inserting the desired gene into the T-DNA, so that when Agrobacterium infects plant cells it will integrate the new gene into the plant genome. This provides a vehicle to introduce new genes to produce transgenic plants with traits like insect or drought resistance. Examples include golden rice with increased vitamin A and Bt crops resistant to insect pests.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ibrahim Aslam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Agrobacterium Mediated

Transformation
The introduction of desired/foreign /recombinant DNA into plants has
enormous potential for agriculture, producing more nutritious and
higher- yielding crops that are resistant to environmental stresses
(cold and drought), insect pests and diseases. It is well known that
plants can propagate vegetatively and some plant cells are totipotent
having the potentiality of regeneration to give complete plant.
For introduction of desired gene into a plant cell there is no naturally
occurring plasmid so it becomes a challenging task Fortunately
scientist came to know about the soil bacteria Agrobacterium which is
suitable for this transformation. This bacterium invades plants at the
site of a wound, transforming plant cells near the wound and inducing
them to form a tumour called crown gall. This transformation takes
place by transfer of T-DNA of Ti plasmid which integrates into plant
genome and expresses
The integration of the T-DNA into a plant chromosome provides the
vehicle necessary to introduce new genes into plants This ability of
Agrobacterium to transfer T-DNA into plant genome can be
harnessed in transferring desired gene into plant for transformation to
produce transgenic plants. For this desired (new) genes can be
inserted into T-DNA region of Ti plasmid, such that when
Agrobacterium infects plant cells these genes will automatically be
transferred and become integrated into their genome
Agrobacterium is a rod-shaped plant pathogenic soil bacterium having
two strains. The bacterium contains Ti (Tumour inducing) and Ri
(Root inducing) plasmids. Both these plasmids can transfer part of
their DNA (T-DNA) into plant cell chromosome by which Plant cells
become transformed by expression of T-DNA gene which induce
disease.
Mechanism

Examples
 Golden rice
 Bt-Tomato
 Bt-Tobacco
 Bt-cotton
Production of Golden Rice via
Agrobacterium Bacterium

Left: Normal Rice


Right: Golden Rice
Left: Bt-Cotton
Right: Cotton infected by pest

Advantages and Disadvantages

Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer is most frequently used


indirect method, it has many advantages and disadvantages
 Advantages
1. Simple and comparatively less expensive
2. High transformation efficiency
3. Transgenic crops obtained have better fertility percentage
4. Protocols for both dicotyledons and monocotyledon are
available
5. Relatively large length DNA segment can be transferred
 Disadvantages
1. Time consuming
2. Not all kind of cells can be treated by this method
3. Sometimes leads to false positive result 

You might also like