𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐾𝐾

Frame Deflection
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ,∆ 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏  
=∆𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐿𝐿 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤   𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
Frame Frame Deflection
Deflection 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢
𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢
Frame Deflection
∆𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏   ∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ==Calculations
Frame Deflection
Frame Deflection
∆ = Brace
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
∆ Stiffness ∆
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓= 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑢𝑢  
 
Approximate Stiffness Modification Factors, KF1,2, 7 Approximate Stiffness Modification Factors, KF1,2, 7(cont’d)
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏  
∆ 𝑃𝑃
=𝐾𝐾  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑢𝑢 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 𝐹𝐹  𝐿𝐿
Sizes shown are representative of typical BRB sizes. Information on intermediate and larger sizes is available upon request. Sizes shown are representative of typical BRB sizes. Information on intermediate and larger sizes is available upon request.

  𝐹𝐹  

𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∆ ∆
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒   Stiffness
=  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝐹𝐹 𝐿𝐿  𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝐹𝐹  𝐿𝐿
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 ·

∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝐹𝐹  𝐹𝐹   2   ∆∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

𝐾𝐾
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ==𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝐾𝐾  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 Determination  
2 𝜃𝜃  
of a · Composite Element Fysc = 38 ksi (262 MPa) Bay Width, ft (m) Fysc = 38 ksi (262 MPa) Bay Width, ft (m)
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓==𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹 𝜃𝜃  
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴 𝐹𝐹  𝐸𝐸  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐿𝐿𝐸𝐸𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝜃𝜃
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 2 𝐹𝐹  𝐿𝐿
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠  𝐸𝐸  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
2 𝜃𝜃
𝐹𝐹   𝐹𝐹    𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝜃𝜃2𝜃𝜃∆ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
= = 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝐹  𝐿𝐿
 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 Asc3 Py_axial4 15 (4.6) 20 (6.1) 25 (7.6) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 40 (12.2) 45 (13.7) 50 (15.2) Asc3 Py_axial4 15 (4.6) 20 (6.1) 25 (7.6) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 40 (12.2) 45 (13.7) 50 (15.2)
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 2 𝜃𝜃
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
∆ = = 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐾𝐾 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 ∆ 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴 2𝐸𝐸 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
  in2 (cm2) kip (kN) SINGLE DIAGONAL CHEVRON/V in2 (cm2) kip (kN) SINGLE DIAGONAL CHEVRON/V
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
2 𝜃𝜃 2 𝜃𝜃
  𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠  𝐸𝐸  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 2  
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠  𝐸𝐸  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃
Frame Stiffness
Frame Stiffness
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2.0 (13) 68 (306) 1.25 1.23 1.22 1.20 1.23 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.22 1.22 2.0 (13) 68 (306) 1.21 1.18 1.17 1.20 1.19 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.18 1.17
Frame Stiffness 3.0 (19) 103 (448) 1.27 1.24 1.22 1.21 1.24 1.27 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.22 3.0 (19) 103 (448) 1.22 1.19 1.18 1.21 1.19 1.21 1.20 1.19 1.19 1.18
The effective horizontal stiffness can be
Frame Stiffness

STORY HEIGHT: 18ft (5.5m)

STORY HEIGHT: 14ft (4.3m)
The effective horizontal stiffness can be 4.0 (26) 137 (613) 1.29 1.26 1.24 1.23 1.25 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.25 1.24 4.0 (26) 137 (613) 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.22 1.21 1.23 1.22 1.21 1.20 1.19
The effective
summarized
Frame Stiffness horizontal
by the stiffness
following can be
statement:
Frame Stiffness
summarized
summarized byhorizontal
by the the following
following statement:
statement: 5.0 (32) 171 (754) 1.30 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.25 1.30 1.28 1.27 1.26 1.25 5.0 (32) 171 (754) 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.22 1.21 1.24 1.22 1.22 1.21 1.20
The effective stiffness can be
The effective horizontal
summarized
The effective stiffness can
by thestiffness
horizontal be can
following statement:
be Stiffness Determination of Composite Element 6.0 (39) 205 (919) 1.34 1.30 1.28 1.25 1.27 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.29 1.28 6.0 (39) 205 (919) 1.28 1.24 1.22 1.24 1.23 1.27 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.22
 
summarized by the following statement: Stiffness Determination of a Composite Element
BRACE STIFFNESS CALCULATIONS Stiffness Determination of Composite Element
summarized by the following statement: 7.0 (45) 239 (1060) 1.34 1.30 1.27 1.25 1.27 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.29 1.27 7.0 (45) 239 (1060) 1.27 1.24 1.22 1.24 1.22 1.27 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.22
 
Stiffness Determination of a Composite Element 8.0 (52) 274 (1225) 1.36 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.28 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.29 8.0 (52) 274 (1225) 1.29 1.26 1.23 1.25 1.23 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.24 1.23

BOLTED
𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 BRACE BRACE
= 𝐹𝐹*   STIFFNESS STIFFNESS CALCULATIONS
CALCULATIONS 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 StiffnessStiffness
Determination of Composite
Determination
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
Element
Axial stiffness
of Composite Elementof yielding 9.0 (58) 308 (1367) 1.37 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.28 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.31 1.29 9.0 (58) 308 (1367) 1.30 1.26 1.24 1.25 1.23 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.25 1.24
𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = *∆ 𝐹𝐹 ∆    
𝐾𝐾 = 𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸   • Axial core
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 projected from

WELDED
stiffness of yielding core
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓  
𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤== 𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝐴𝐴   𝐸𝐸 Axial• A
• projected xialfrom
workpoint
stiffness stiffness of workpoint
to
workpoint
of yieldingyielding
to core
core
10.0 (65) 342 (1532) 1.39 1.34 1.31 1.28 1.30 1.39 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.31 10.0 (65) 342 (1532) 1.32 1.27 1.25 1.26 1.24 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.25
𝐹𝐹* BRACE 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 projected
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
STIFFNESS CALCULATIONS
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾 BRACE
=BRACE = STIFFNESS
𝐹𝐹𝐾𝐾 STIFFNESS 2CALCULATIONS

  𝜃𝜃   CALCULATIONS
𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝐴𝐴 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠  𝐸𝐸
_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 𝐴𝐴  𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤  𝐸𝐸
workpoint projected
from
• Axial
from workpoint
workpoint
stiffness to
of yielding
to
core
11.0 (71) 376 (1673) 1.41 1.36 1.32 1.30 1.31 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.34 1.32 11.0 (71) 376 (1673) 1.33 1.29 1.26 1.27 1.25 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.28 1.26
𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 BRACE
∆= * STIFFNESS
 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 CALCULATIONS
𝐾𝐾 =
 
Force 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐻𝐻 𝐿𝐿 workpoint workpoint
BraceForce
Brace  
𝜃𝜃𝐾𝐾
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 =
=𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
( 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 ∆
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
-  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃  
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾
_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 1
𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 1𝐿𝐿 1 workpoint
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 • Axial stiffness
projected   • A
from
xial
of yielding from
projected
stiffness
workpoint
of
core workpoint to
to
yielding core
12.0 (77) 410 (1814) 1.41 1.36 1.32 1.30 1.31 1.41 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.32 12.0 (77) 410 (1814) 1.33 1.29 1.26 1.28 1.25 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.28 1.26

𝑊𝑊𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ==
 
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤   projected workpoint
Effective (Actual)tostiffness
from workpoint
• Effective (Actual) stiffness of
13.0 (84) 445 (1979) 1.41 1.36 1.32 1.30 1.31 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.34 1.32 13.0 (84) 445 (1979) 1.34 1.29 1.26 1.28 1.25 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.28 1.26
Brace Force 2 𝐾𝐾 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒= 1 workpoint of(Actual)
composite element
𝑛𝑛 1 1 composite
14.0 (90) 479 (2121) 1.45 1.39 1.35 1.32 1.32 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.35 14.0 (90) 479 (2121) 1.37 1.32 1.28 1.29 1.27 1.36 1.33 1.32 1.30 1.28
Brace
Brace ForceForce
Brace Force 𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐾𝐾 = 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 =  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝐾𝐾 𝜃𝜃   2 𝜃𝜃  
 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝐾𝐾 1 =∑𝑛𝑛∑ 𝑛𝑛   •  composite
E ffective• Effective (Actual)
element stiffness
stiffness of of
EQ# Brace Force 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
 
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ∑ 1𝑖𝑖=1 𝑖𝑖=0 𝑘𝑘 1𝑖𝑖 (Actual)
composite element element
• Effective (Actual) stiffness of 15.0 (96) 513 (2286) 1.46 1.39 1.35 1.32 1.32 1.46 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.35 15.0 (96) 513 (2286) 1.37 1.32 1.29 1.29 1.27 1.36 1.33 1.32 1.30 1.29
fness 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐾𝐾= = 𝑖𝑖=0 𝑛𝑛𝑘𝑘 • E  𝑘𝑘ffective
𝑖𝑖
1𝐾𝐾∑
  stiffnesselement
composite of 16.0 (103) 547 (2427) 1.45 1.39 1.34 1.31 1.32 1.45 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.34 16.0 (103) 547 (2427) 1.36 1.31 1.28 1.29 1.26 1.36 1.33 1.31 1.30 1.28
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑛𝑛 1𝑖𝑖composite • Effective (Actual) stiffness of

Œ 𝑖𝑖=0 𝑘𝑘
 
  ∑ ∑𝐾𝐾 𝑛𝑛 𝐾𝐾
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖
element
composite
• Axial Stiffness element Adjustment Factor 17.0 (110) 581 (2592) 1.48 1.41 1.36 1.33 1.33 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.39 1.36 17.0 (110) 581 (2592) 1.38 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.28 1.38 1.35 1.33 1.31 1.30
𝑢𝑢  𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑃𝑃 𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝜃𝜃
 
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾= ==
𝑖𝑖=0 𝑘𝑘 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖=0 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  
𝑘𝑘 Axial• A
• supplied
Axial
xial Stiffness
byStiffness
Stiffness CoreBrace
Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment FactorFactor
= 𝑢𝑢4𝐾𝐾  
2 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹 𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾 𝑖𝑖   supplied
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
Factor
supplied
by
supplied
by CoreBrace
CoreBrace
by 18.0 (116) 616 (2733) 1.48 1.41 1.36 1.33 1.33 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.39 1.36 18.0 (116) 616 (2733) 1.38 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.28 1.38 1.35 1.33 1.31 1.30
𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠   𝐸𝐸 BraceElongation
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 Brace Elongation&&StiffnessStiffness𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃 𝐾𝐾
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
= 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 • CoreBrace
Axial Stiffness Adjustment Factor 19.0 (123) 650 (2898) 1.48 1.41 1.37 1.33 1.33 1.48 1.45 1.41 1.39 1.37 19.0 (123) 650 (2898) 1.39 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.28 1.38 1.35 1.33 1.32 1.30
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹 =𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹 = 𝐾𝐾

LUG
Brace Elongation & Stiffness (Elastic) 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 • Axial Stiffness Adjustment Factor
  𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 Axial supplied
Stiffness by CoreBrace
BRACE STIFFNESS CALCULATIONS 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸 by• supplied
& Stiffness BRACE STIFFNESS CALCULATIONS
Brace Elongation & Stiffness Adjustment Factor 20.0 (129) 684 (3040) 1.53 1.45 1.40 1.36 1.36 1.53 1.49 1.45 1.42 1.40 20.0 (129) 684 (3040) 1.43 1.36 1.33 1.33 1.30 1.42 1.39 1.36 1.34 1.33
Brace Elongation
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴 &  𝐸𝐸
Stiffness
𝐴𝐴 (𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾  𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 ∙ 𝐸𝐸)
supplied CoreBrace
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 =
Brace
Brace 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
Elongation
Elongation 𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢  𝐿𝐿
𝑃𝑃
& 𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
Stiffness 𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝐾𝐾
_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠  𝐸𝐸  
• E ffective by CoreBrace
stiffness of BRB for use in
Workpoint Length (ft) 20.5 (6.3) 24.4 (7.4) 28.7 (8.7) 33.1 (10.1) 37.7 (11.5) 20.5 (6.3) 22.4 (6.8) 24.4 (7.4) 26.5 (8.1) 28.7 (8.7) Workpoint Length (ft) 23.4 (7.1) 26.9 (8.2) 30.8 (9.4) 35.0 (10.7) 39.4 (12.0) 23.4 (7.1) 25.1 (7.7) 26.9 (8.2) 28.8 (8.8) 30.8 (9.4)
= 𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢4
,∆ 𝑃𝑃 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤

COREBRACE
• Effective stiffness of for
BRB forinuse in

 ∆ = 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐿𝐿
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤   • deflection
E ffective analysis
stiffness of BRB use
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
 
∆ 𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑃𝑃
∆𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 ==  𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 𝑃𝑃 = 4𝐾𝐾 (𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝐿𝐿 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 ∙  𝐸𝐸) Effective
deflection stiffness
analysis of BRB
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
∆𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 =
𝑢𝑢 𝑃𝑃
𝑢𝑢  𝐿𝐿
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 =
𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐸𝐸
 𝐸𝐸 𝑢𝑢
4 𝐾𝐾 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
 
𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
= 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠  𝐸𝐸
𝐿𝐿 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴   𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠• Effective
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
deflection
 𝐸𝐸 • stiffness for analysis
use
• Effective in deflection
stiffness of BRB for use in
∆𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
Brace
Brace Force
Force =
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤=
 𝑃𝑃  𝐿𝐿
𝐾𝐾4 𝑃𝑃 𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒Rigid= 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  
Assumption 𝐿𝐿

analysisof BRBanalysis
deflection for use in Bay Width
Bay Width Bay Width
Bay Width Bay Width
Bay Width Bay Width
Bay Width
𝑢𝑢 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 =
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒   Effective stiffness of BRB for use in
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴 𝐸𝐸 = 4𝑃𝑃 𝑢𝑢   𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐿𝐿 the𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 deflection
  analysis
= 𝐾𝐾 4𝐾𝐾
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑢𝑢
∆ =𝐴𝐴 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐸𝐸 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝐴𝐴 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾  𝐸𝐸
𝐸𝐸 RigidRigid Assumption
Assumption deflection analysis
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  

Ž 𝑃𝑃
𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴 𝐸𝐸 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤above equation for W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 If ke and kt are assumed rigid,
𝐾𝐾 =
𝑃𝑃 , 𝑢𝑢 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 ==
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸 𝐸𝐸
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠   𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 kRigid
If Rigid Assumption
kAssumption

COREBRACE
∆ 𝐾𝐾 = = 𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃 ,∆∆
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
= , 𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾 = 𝐴𝐴
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢 𝑢𝑢   𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠    
  IfKF and kke and
simplifies areto: are assumed
assumed rigid, rigid,
the the above
above equation
equation for for

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109
Rigid Assumption

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211
t

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211
 

(4.3m)
(4.3m)

(4.3m)
(4.3m)

(5.5m)

(5.5m)
(5.5m)

(5.5m)
𝐾𝐾 = =𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
e t
𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝐾𝐾 =  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
=∆,∆,
    Rigid KFAssumption
simplifies to:

14ft

18ft

18ft
14ft

14ft
14ft
      𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤

18ft

18ft
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 KF simplifies to:
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
∆
 
 𝐸𝐸 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 If k and 𝐿𝐿 assumed rigid,
k tare 1 the
If k and k are assumed rigid, the above equation for
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 11 = 1.67  
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝐹𝐹  𝐿𝐿𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
e
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 e
If ke and kt are assumed t the
rigid, to: above equation for
𝐹𝐹   Frame 𝐾𝐾Deflection
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 =
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑢𝑢(Elastic)
,∆   𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
KF simplifies
If kabove equation
e and kt are
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 ≅
assumed𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 for
rigid,KF ≅
thesimplifies to: for
above equation
≅ 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤= = 0.6 1 ==1.67 1.67  
  KF simplifies to:
∆Frame
Frame Frame
Frame = Deflection
Deflection
Deflection
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
 
𝐿𝐿 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
KF simplifies to: W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝜃𝜃
 
Frame Deflection𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠  𝐸𝐸  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Deflection
sub from
2 𝜃𝜃  sub from Œ
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐿𝐿 ≅ 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠1 =0.6 0.6
1 = 1.67
Brace Elongation && ∆𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
Stiffness 𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 ≅𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 ≅ =𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 == 0.6 1.67
Brace
Frame
Elongation
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
Deflection
Stiffness
= ∆𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏   ∆ ∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ∆
∆ =
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = == 𝑢𝑢𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢    
𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 0.6 0.6 =  
1.67   Fysc = 38 ksi (262 MPa) Bay Width, ft (m) Fysc = 38 ksi (262 MPa) Bay Width, ft (m)
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 =  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 ≅ 1.67𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤  

∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐     𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
 
 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

𝐾𝐾 ≅ 1.67𝐾𝐾
𝐹𝐹 Rev 1 -
𝑃𝑃
4/1/13
𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
 𝐿𝐿  𝐿𝐿
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝐹𝐹  𝐿𝐿 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑃𝑃
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
· ≅ 1.67𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤   Asc3 Py_axial4 15 (4.6) 20 (6.1) 25 (7.6) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 40 (12.2) 45 (13.7) 50 (15.2) Asc3 Py_axial4 15 (4.6) 20 (6.1) 25 (7.6) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 40 (12.2) 45 (13.7) 50 (15.2)
2Φ( 𝑦𝑦 .𝐸𝐸 )  𝐻𝐻𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 Rev 1 Rev 𝐹𝐹  
1𝑢𝑢
𝐹𝐹  
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
- 3/7/20 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝐹𝐹 𝐹𝐹  
sub 𝑃𝑃
𝑃𝑃 from Ž
𝑢𝑢 𝑢𝑢 ∆ ∆ = = 𝐹𝐹  𝐿𝐿𝐹𝐹 𝐿𝐿 𝐹𝐹
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤5789 𝑢𝑢 𝐿𝐿West Wells Park Road, West· Jordan,
𝐹𝐹  𝐿𝐿 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐾𝐾 ≅ 1.67𝐾𝐾
UT 84081 ph: 801-280-0701 [Link] in2 (cm2) kip (kN) SINGLE DIAGONAL CHEVRON/V in2 (cm2) kip (kN) SINGLE DIAGONAL CHEVRON/V
∆ ∆
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 === - 4/1/13
2𝐹𝐹
  = =   4 4 ∆
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ∆    ∆ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
= == 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤2   𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤  
𝐾𝐾 ≅ UT1.67𝐾𝐾 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤

∆𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
 
=   𝐾𝐾
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 ∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
=𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃West
∆ ∆1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
=  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Rev 1 - 9/24/16 𝐸𝐸 𝜃𝜃 𝐸𝐸   𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 5789
𝐸𝐸 2 𝜃𝜃
 
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Wells Park 2 𝜃𝜃
2 Road,   𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
West Jordan, 𝐾𝐾 84081≅ 1.67𝐾𝐾
ph: 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
801-280-0701   [Link] 2.0 (13) 68 (306) 1.22 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.21 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.19 2.0 (13) 68 (306) 1.20 1.17 1.16 1.18 1.17 1.19 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.16
of Composite Element𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃
Rev𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
- 4/1/13 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐     2 𝜃𝜃222𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐸𝐸 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝜃𝜃 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤  
 
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾  𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃 Rev 1 - 4/1/13𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Stiffness
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Determination 𝜃𝜃
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝐹𝐹  𝐿𝐿 3.0 (19) 103 (448) 1.23 1.21 1.20 1.19 1.21 1.23 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.20 3.0 (19) 103 (448) 1.21 1.18 1.16 1.19 1.18 1.20 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.16
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝐹𝐹   𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠  𝐸𝐸  𝐸𝐸
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 This assumption can result in significant error as the

STORY HEIGHT: 16ft (4.9m)

4.0 (26) 137 (613) 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.20 1.23 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.22 1.21 4.0 (26) 137 (613) 1.23 1.19 1.18 1.20 1.19 1.22 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.18

STORY HEIGHT: 20ft (6.1m)

2Φ(
Frame Stiffness 7Alternate )   ∆ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑃𝑃
Forms 𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢= (Elastic)
𝑢𝑢  
𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾 = = 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ratio
 
2 𝜃𝜃 of Lwp/Lsc increases and can underestimate elastic
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 Frame 𝐾𝐾
𝐸𝐸 𝐾𝐾
Stiffness
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = = , ,
∆𝐹𝐹∆ 𝐾𝐾 𝐴𝐴  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
     𝐸𝐸 2 𝜃𝜃 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  
   
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 5.0 (32) 171 (754) 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.21 1.23 1.26 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.22 5.0 (32) 171 (754) 1.23 1.20 1.18 1.20 1.19 1.22 1.21 1.20 1.19 1.18
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
 
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 deformations. However, since the elastic deformations of
= = TheThe Frame
Frame FrameStiffness Stiffness
Stiffness 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
effective
effective
horizontal
 
horizontal 𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
stiffness
_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
stiffness
can
! =
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 be
can be   • Axial stiffness of yielding core 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 non-yielding regions calculated with non-rigid assumptions 6.0 (39) 205 (919) 1.30 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.25 1.30 1.28 1.27 1.26 6.0 (39) 205 (919) 1.26 1.22 1.20 1.22 1.21 1.25 1.23 1.22 1.21 1.20

BRB
𝐻𝐻𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾  𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃
summarized
The The by
effective
the following
effective
The effective horizontal stiffness
summarized by the 2Φ(
horizontal
horizontal
following
statement:
stiffness
stiffness
statement: )  𝐻𝐻
𝐸𝐸 can be   𝐿𝐿 can 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
can !" be be
projected from workpoint to
are amplified by Cd to calculate their inelastic deformations 7.0 (45) 239 (1060) 1.30 1.27 Bay
Bay
1.24 Width
Width 1.23 1.24 1.30 1.28 Bay
Bay
1.27 Width
Width 1.26 1.24 7.0 (45) 239 (1060) 1.26 1.22 Bay Width
Bay
1.20 Width 1.22 1.21 1.25 1.23 Bay
1.22 Width
Bay Width 1.21 1.20
Frame
Frame ∆
summarized
summarized
summarized Deflection
Deflection
!"#$%
Frame Stiffness = by the following statement:
bybythethefollowing
followingstatement: statement:
workpoint
(which over-predicts these deformations , the rigid
Bay Width
Bay Width Bay Width
Bay Width Bay Width
Bay Width Bay Width
Bay Width
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾  𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃   1 Stiffness Determination of Composite
Stiffness Determination assumption
of Compositemay
Element
Element more accurately predict the total inelastic
8.0 (52) 274 (1225) 1.32 1.28 1.26
W18×97
W18×97
1.24 1.26 1.32 1.30 1.28
W18×97
W18×97
1.27 1.26 8.0 (52) 274 (1225) 1.28 1.23 1.21
W18×97
W18×97
1.23 1.22 1.27 1.25 1.23
W18×97
W18×97
1.22 1.21
The effective 𝐾𝐾
horizontal
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = stiffness
 
can   be 𝐹𝐹! • Effective (Actual) stiffness of 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 Stiffness Determination of a Composite Element 9.0 (58) 308 (1367) 1.32 1.29 1.26
W18×97
W18×97 1.24 1.26 1.32 1.30 1.29
W18×97
W18×97 1.27 1.26 9.0 (58) 308 (1367) 1.28 1.24 1.22
W18×97
W18×97 1.23 1.22 1.27 1.25 1.24
W18×97
W18×97 1.23 1.22
∆!"#$% 1 2Φ( )   element 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 deformationsof ofComposite
athe element.

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211
Stiffness Determination
Stiffness Determination of Composite Element Element

(4.3m)
(4.3m)

(4.3m)
(4.3m)

(5.5m)
(5.5m)

(5.5m)
(5.5m)
 
∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=0   𝐸𝐸∆
composite
∆   𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓= = 10.0 (65) 342 (1532) 1.34 1.30 1.28 1.25 1.27 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.29 1.28 10.0 (65) 342 (1532) 1.30 1.25 1.23 1.24 1.23 1.29 1.26 1.25 1.24 1.23

18ft
18ft

18ft
18ft
14ft
14ft

14ft
14ft
summarized by𝐹𝐹the =following statement:

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆  𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 =   𝑘𝑘   𝐴𝐴    𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸  𝐸𝐸

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211
(4.9m)
(4.9m)

(4.9m)
(4.9m)

BRB
 

(6.1m)

(6.1m)
(6.1m)

(6.1m)
stiffness can be
𝐾𝐾 = 𝐹𝐹 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝐾𝐾  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

20ft

20ft
* 𝐾𝐾  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

16ft
16ft

16ft
16ft

20ft

20ft
𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = ∆*
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐻𝐻!"   𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾  𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃
  𝑖𝑖 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = = Approximate 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝐴𝐴   𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠   𝐸𝐸• Axial• Astiffness 11.0 (71) 376 (1673) 1.36 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.28 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.31 1.29 11.0 (71) 376 (1673) 1.32 1.26 1.24 1.25 1.23 1.31 1.28 1.26 1.25 1.24
owing statement:
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒   • Axial Stiffness Adjustment Factor 𝐾𝐾_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝐾𝐾_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = xialfrom stiffness Stiffness
of yielding core
of yielding coreModification Factor
𝐾𝐾 = 𝐹𝐹 * 𝐹𝐹   Φ 𝐹𝐹  
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝐹  𝐿𝐿
_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐹𝐹  𝐿𝐿 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐿𝐿
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
Stiffness 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴
Determination
projected
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 projected
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐸𝐸
 𝐸𝐸 • Axial workpoint
from stiffnessworkpoint
oftoofComposite
yielding
to core Element 12.0 (77) 410 (1814) 1.36 1.32 1.29
W18×97
W18×97 1.27 1.28 1.36 1.34 1.32
W18×97
W18×97 1.30 1.29 12.0 (77) 410 (1814) 1.32 1.26 1.24
W18×97
W18×97 1.25 1.24 1.31 1.28 1.26
W18×97
W18×97 1.25 1.24

TABLES
 
For LRFD 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹
design, =
use = 0.9   in   addition to any 2.25 𝐾𝐾 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐿𝐿 = workpoint W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97 W18×97
 
𝐾𝐾∆ ∆
𝐾𝐾
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
of= == =
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝐾𝐾
∆𝐾𝐾
 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
2
𝜃𝜃from 2  
supplied
∆∆by
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓==
CoreBrace
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
1  𝐸𝐸  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 =2𝐿𝐿    
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 workpoint projected
 
workpoint
from workpoint to
• A• xial Axialstiffness
stiffnessofofyielding yieldingcore core 13.0 (84) 445 (1979) 1.36 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.28 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.31 1.29 13.0 (84) 445 (1979) 1.32 1.26
W18×97
1.24 1.25 1.24 1.31 1.28
W18×97
1.26 1.25 1.24
factor safety resulting 2𝜃𝜃    the ratio of the 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠  𝐸𝐸  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
1   1 2 • 𝜃𝜃 𝜃𝜃𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓  
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝐹𝐹
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2
𝜃𝜃 𝜃𝜃 𝐾𝐾
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴 = REGION 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤(Actual)
𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸 Stiffness
projectedfrom
projected fromworkpoint workpointtoto
modification factors for braces lying 14.0 (90) 479 (2121) 1.40 1.35 1.31 1.29 1.29 1.40 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.31 14.0 (90) 479 (2121) 1.35 1.29 1.26 1.27 1.25 1.33 1.30 1.29 1.27 1.26
𝐹𝐹* required 𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
Asc to = the provided *𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴 ∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
A𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠sc. 2  𝐸𝐸   𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝐾𝐾in𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑛𝑛OF = 𝐾𝐾 HIGH 1 1   composite E ffective
= 11• compositeEffective 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (Actual) stiffness
within
workpoint
workpoint
stiffness
of
the enveloped
of region may not vary linearly 15.0 (96) 513 (2286) 1.40 1.35 1.31 1.29 1.29 1.40 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.31 15.0 (96) 513 (2286) 1.35 1.29 1.26 1.27 1.25 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.26
∆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓   𝐾𝐾=𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝐾𝐾= 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃     • deflection
Effective stiffness of BRB for use
∑𝑖𝑖=0 ∑ STRAIN 𝑛𝑛 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 1 element
• Effective   across
element (Actual) • Axial stiffness
thestiffness
region. ofThis of yielding core
graph is intended to show
Frame Stiffness 𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 analysis
∑𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖= 𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 16.0 (103) 547 (2427) 1.39 1.35 1.31 1.28 1.29 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.31 16.0 (103) 547 (2427) 1.34 1.28 1.26 1.27 1.24 1.33 1.30 1.28 1.27 1.26
Stiffness Modification Factor, KF

projected from workpoint to workpoint

2.00
𝐾𝐾
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖=0
= 𝑘𝑘 composite element
the general relationship of KF to

TABLES
Frame
Frame Stiffness
Stiffness 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖=0 𝑖𝑖 𝑘𝑘 1   • E workpoint
ffective
length and core area. ActualofKF
• E ffective (Actual)
(Actual) stiffness
stiffness of values should be 17.0 (110) 581 (2592) 1.42 1.37 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.33 17.0 (110) 581 (2592) 1.36 1.30 1.27 1.28 1.26 1.35 1.32 1.30 1.29 1.27
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝜃𝜃   𝐾𝐾horizontal
The effective =
horizontal 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 stiffness  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐can 2
𝜃𝜃be 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ∑𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=0
𝑖𝑖 1
= = 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
composite element
The
The effective
effective
Rigid
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
horizontal
Assumption
stiffness
stiffness can can bebe 2 statement:
 
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹 𝐾𝐾   𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ∑ 𝑖𝑖=0
supplied 1𝑘𝑘xial
• Axial Stiffness Adjustment
• A
𝑘𝑘 by Stiffness
CoreBrace
coordinated composite
Adjustment Factor
Factor element
with CoreBrace. 18.0 (116) 616 (2733) 1.42 1.37 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.33 18.0 (116) 616 (2733) 1.36 1.30 1.27 1.28 1.26 1.35 1.32 1.30 1.29 1.27
summarized
summarized summarized 𝐾𝐾by bythe
If k by
the
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =
and
following
kthe
following𝐾𝐾
are following
assumed
statement:
statement:
simplifies to:𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
rigid, the 𝜃𝜃
above equation for
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠= 𝐾𝐾_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 =   supplied 𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖 • A xialCoreBrace
by Stiffness Adjustment Factor
19.0 (123) 650 (2898) 1.42 1.37 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.33 19.0 (123) 650 (2898) 1.37 1.30 1.27 1.28 1.26 1.35 1.32 1.30 1.29 1.27
1.75 𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
e t
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒   • Effective (Actual) stiffness of
KF
𝐾𝐾 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐾𝐾
𝐾𝐾 𝑛𝑛 1supplied by CoreBrace KF values in this chart
𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐿𝐿 21
𝜃𝜃 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴 =  𝐸𝐸 ∑
 𝐸𝐸
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 • A •  A
xial
composite element
xialStiffness
Stiffness Adjustment
Adjustment are based on a 45°
Factor
Factor
20.0 (129) 684 (3040) 1.47 1.40 1.36 1.32 1.33 1.47 1.43 1.40 1.38 1.36 20.0 (129) 684 (3040) 1.40 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.28 1.39 1.35 1.33 1.31 1.30
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 ≅ =    

= 1.67   𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 == 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹 Stiffness
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
Stiffness 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠   ∙ 𝐸𝐸) • E𝑖𝑖=0
Determination
Determination ffective 𝑘𝑘
stiffness
  𝑖𝑖 stiffness of of of Composite
Composite
BRB for use in Element
Element brace angle, Workpoint Length (ft) 21.9 (6.7) 25.6 (7.8) 29.7 (9.0) 34.0 (10.4) 38.5 (11.7) 21.9 (6.7) 23.7 (7.2) 25.6 (7.8) 27.6 (8.4) 29.7 (9.0) Workpoint Length (ft) 25.0 (7.6) 28.3 (8.6) 32.0 (9.8) 36.1 (11.0) 40.3 (12.3) 25.0 (7.6) 26.6 (8.1) 28.3 (8.6) 30.1 (9.2) 32.0 (9.8)
𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾 • Effective supplied
supplied of BRBbyfor byCoreBrace
CoreBrace
use in
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 0.6 deflection
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 analysis 2
A 2
= 20 in (129 cm ) 14˝ (360mm) deep
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐾𝐾_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
  •  E ffective stiffness of BRB for use in
𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 deflection sc analysis
columns and 18˝
sub from  𝐿𝐿 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 deflection analysis
• A xial Stiffness Adjustment Factor
𝐹𝐹 Rigid Assumption 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹 𝐴𝐴 = Bay
Bay Width
Width Bay
Bay Width
Width Bay Width
Bay Width Bay Width
Bay Width
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐹𝐹 1.50
𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴 (𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴  𝐸𝐸  𝐸𝐸 ∙  𝐸𝐸)
 𝐸𝐸 (460mm) deep beams.
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 == ** 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 supplied by CoreBrace
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ∆𝐾𝐾∆ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ≅   1.67𝐾𝐾  
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤  
Rigid Assumption
Rigid 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
Assumption
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤= = ==equation 𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠for_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤     • A E• ffective
A• xial
  • xial
Effective
stiffness
stiffness
stiffness
stiffness
of of ofofBRB
yielding
yielding
BRB
corecoreforforuse useinin
If k and k are assumed
If k and to:
KF simplifies k are assumed rigid, the above 𝐿𝐿
e rigid,t

to: k are assumed rigid, the𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤

e t
the above
𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿
equation 𝐿𝐿
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
for projected projected deflection
deflection fromfrom analysis
analysisworkpoint
workpoint to to
W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97
*However, this assumption can result in significant error and If k and
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴
above equation for
 𝐸𝐸

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211
KF simplifies workpoint
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 workpoint

(4.9m)
(4.9m)

(4.9m)
(4.9m)
e t

(6.1m)
(6.1m)

(6.1m)
(6.1m)
1.25𝐿𝐿Rigid 1 1
should not be used for design.
 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐22𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃      

20ft
20ft

20ft
20ft
KF simplifies to:

16ft
16ft

16ft
16ft
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = =𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐿𝐿
Rigid 𝐾𝐾 Assumption
Assumption = 1=
• Effective stiffness of BRB for use in
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤= 1
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒  
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 ≅ ≅ 𝐿𝐿= 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 =1 1.67 1.67𝐿𝐿   deflection analysis
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝐿𝐿If𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
≅ If𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
k𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐿𝐿
kand and =k kA = 0.6are =assumed
=assumed
5 in (32
0.6
2
cm
2
rigid,=   the  )the 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
1.67 above
 
• ffective
• Eequation E ffective
equation (Actual)
(Actual)
for stiffness
stiffness of of
𝐿𝐿 to:to:𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛0.611
are t sc rigid, above for W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 e e t

For design assistance KFKF

∑ composite element
simplifies
simplifies
5789 West Wells Park Road, West Jordan, UT 84081 ph: 801-280-0701 [Link] Rigid𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠Assumption ∑ composite element
𝐿𝐿 𝑖𝑖=0𝑖𝑖=0𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
1.00
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 If k ≅ and k1.67𝐾𝐾 𝐿𝐿 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖rigid, 𝑖𝑖 11 NOTES: 1. KF = Keff / Ksc_wp where Keff is the actual WP to WP stiffness of the installed brace and Ksc_wp is the stiffness of the indicated core area if it occurred from WP to WP.
please
Rev 1 - 4/1/13 contact CoreBrace: 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 10 𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 KF𝐾𝐾
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ≅
simplifies ≅ ≅ e
15
are
≅
𝐾𝐾
t
1.67𝐾𝐾
assumed
to:𝐾𝐾 1.67𝐾𝐾 = =
20 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤=
_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤the   above equation for
25
 
= 1.67 1.67 30   35 40 45 50 The indicated KF factors are expected “base value” (minimums). These can be adjusted upwards somewhat, but doing so can affect overstrength factors and may have
undesirable effects. Coordinate with CoreBrace. Wc Lwc
Rev 1 - 4/1/13
5789 West Wells Park Road, West Jordan, UT 84081 𝐿𝐿
(3.0) 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹== 𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤    Workpoint 𝐿𝐿
(4.6) 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 0.6
(6.1) 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
801-280-07010.6
(7.6)
• A• xial Axial (9.1)
Stiffness
Stiffness (10.7)
Adjustment
Adjustment (12.2)
Factor
Factor (13.7) (15.2) W
Rev 1 - 9/24/16
5789 West Wells Park Road 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹 ph:𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 [Link]
1supplied supplied Length,
byby CoreBrace
CoreBrace feet (m) 2. Indicated KF factors are approx values for the indicated frame geometry and beam/column sizes. Different beam and/or column sizes will result in different KF values. s

𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾≅ 𝐾𝐾 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

_𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = = 1.67
3. Indicated core area is minimum cross sectional area of yielding portion of BRB core. Rounding increments used are for convenience only. Other core areas can be provided.
West Jordan, UT 84081 𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠≅ 0.6 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤  
  4. Py_axial is the design yield strength of the BRB equal to: øFyAsc based on the lower-bound of the yield stress range. Typ yield stress range = 42 ksi ± 4 ksi (290MPa ± 28MPa)

801.280.0701 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴 𝐾𝐾𝐹𝐹  𝐴𝐴

𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ≅𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠1.67𝐾𝐾 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 1.67𝐾𝐾
 𝐸𝐸  𝐸𝐸 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
5. Where a KF is not given in the table, the brace orientation may result in an unacceptable level of strain. Contact CoreBrace for project specific details. TYP
Wg
TYP
5789 West Wells Park Road, 𝐾𝐾 = • E• ffective
[Link]
ffective stiffness of of BRB forfor use in in 6. The area of the “Connection Region” (WP to Tip of gusset) is taken to be on average 5× stiffer than the “End Region” of the brace, which results in a semi-rigid offset.
𝐾𝐾 = stiffness BRB use Wsg
Rev
Rev 1 -14/1/13- 9/24/16 West Jordan, UT 84081 ph: 801-280-0701
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒      
[Link] 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤≅ 1.67𝐾𝐾
deflection
deflection analysis
analysis 7. Values given are intended for schematic design only. Contact CoreBrace for project specific information.
𝐾𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 _𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤  
8. Brace sizes and Stiffness Modification Factors in addition to those shown are available upon request. Wb Lwb
Rev 1 - 4/1/13 9. This table was created by considering core strain at 2% story drift minimum as required by AISC 341-16. For other story drifts, values may be different.
11/2020 Rigid
Rigid Assumption
Assumption
IfIf kkIfee kand
e and
and kare
t are
kktt are assumed
assumed
assumed rigid,
rigid,
rigid, thethe
the above
above
above equation
equation
equation forfor
for
KFKF
KF simplifies
simplifies
simplifies to:to:
to:
 11stst-Mode
-Mode Euler
Euler Buckling
Buckling
Approximate Casing Sizes 1,2,8
in (mm) Approximate Casing Sizes 1, 2,8
in (mm) (cont’d) Welded Brace and Casing Information
Sizes shown are representative of typical BRB sizes. Information on intermediate and larger sizes is available upon request. Sizes shown are representative of typical BRB sizes. Information on intermediate and larger sizes is available upon request.
BOLTED LUG
    BRACE AND     CASING INFORMATION
Fysc = 38 ksi (262 MPa) Bay Width, ft (m) Fysc = 38 ksi (262 MPa) Bay Width, ft (m) BOLTED LUG1st1st-Mode
BRACE
-Mode EulerAND
EulerCASING
BucklingBuckling INFORMATION
Asc3 Py_axial4 15 (4.6) 20 (6.1) 25 (7.6) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 40 (12.2) 45 (13.7) 50 (15.2) Asc3 Py_axial4 15 (4.6) 20 (6.1) 25 (7.6) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 40 (12.2) 45 (13.7) 50 (15.2) -Mode Euler
𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛thth-Mode Euler Buckling
Buckling
in2 (cm2) kip (kN) SINGLE DIAGONAL CHEVRON/V in2 (cm2) kip (kN) SINGLE DIAGONAL CHEVRON/V BOLTED LUG BRACE AND CASING INFORMATION
2.0 (13) 68 (306) 2.0 (13) 68 (306) 1st-Mode Euler Buckling
   
t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203)    
3.0 (19) 103 (448) 3.0 (19) 103 (448) Elastic (Euler) Buckling
t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) 2E 1st-Mode Euler Buckling

STORY HEIGHT: 18ft (5.5m)

STORY HEIGHT: 14ft (4.3m)
4.0 (26) 137 (613) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) 4.0 (26) 137 (613) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254)

Compression Strength
(KL/r)2 𝑛𝑛th-Mode Euler Buckling    

5.0 (32) 171 (754) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) 5.0 (32) 171 (754) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t10 (t254)
     
where    
 
6.0 (39) 205 (919) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) 6.0 (39) 205 (919) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) where     𝑛th-Mode Euler Buckling
𝑛𝑛th-Mode Euler Buckling  
7.0 (45) 239 (1060) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) 7.0 (45) 239 (1060) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254)
8.0 (52) 274 (1225) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) 8.0 (52) 274 (1225) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t12 (t305)     𝑛𝑛th-Mode Euler Buckling
   
 
9.0 (58) 308 (1367) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) 9.0 (58) 308 (1367) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305)  
where  
WELDED COREBRACE BRB TABLES

     
10.0 (65) 342 (1532) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) 10.0 (65) 342 (1532) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305)  
11.0 (71) 376 (1673) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) 11.0 (71) 376 (1673) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t14 (t356) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305)    
 
 
where  
 
12.0 (77) 410 (1814) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 12.0 (77) 410 (1814) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356)  
Casing Demands Proportional
13.0 (84) 445 (1979) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 13.0 (84) 445 (1979) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) Casing Demands
t14 (t356)    
  where  
Limit  
14.0 (90) 479 (2121) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 14.0 (90) 479 (2121) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) Inelastic    
Buckling
15.0 (96) 513 (2286) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 15.0 (96) 513 (2286) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356)        
 
Casing Demands
16.0 (103) 547 (2427) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 16.0 (103) 547 (2427) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t16 (t406) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356)  
 
17.0 (110) 581 (2592) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t16 (t406) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 17.0 (110) 581 (2592) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356)
Slenderness
18.0 (116) 616 (2733) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) 18.0 (116) 616 (2733) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) Casing Demands    

19.0 (123) 650 (2898) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) 19.0 (123) 650 (2898) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) Casing Demands
20.0 (129) 684 (3040) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) 20.0 (129) 684 (3040) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406)
Casing Demands
  Approximate Casing Size
Workpoint Length (ft) 20.5 (6.3) 24.4 (7.4) 28.7 (8.7) 33.1 (10.1) 37.7 (11.5) 20.5 (6.3) 22.4 (6.8) 24.4 (7.4) 26.5 (8.1) 28.7 (8.7) Workpoint Length (ft) 23.4 (7.1) 26.9 (8.2) 30.8 (9.4) 35.0 (10.7) 39.4 (12.0) 23.4 (7.1) 25.1 (7.7) 26.9 (8.2) 28.8 (8.8) 30.8 (9.4) 22
(559)
  This graph is intended to show the general relationship of casing width
to work point length and core area. Actual casing sizes should be
Bay
Bay
Width
Width Bay
Bay
Width
Width Bay Width
Bay Width Bay Width
Bay Width 20

Casing Width, in (mm)

coordinated with CoreBrace. Circular casings are assumed for casings
t = square tube t = square tube FSB = Factor of safety against buckling. Should include
(508) wider than 16” (406mm). Sizes may not be the most economical.
p = round pipe W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 p = round pipe W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 code-prescribed phi factor, factor to account for initial 18 Compression Overstrength Factors (β) for
(rectangular (rectangular out-of-straightness, and any additional factors as
W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109
braces longer than 35’ (10.7m) have been

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211
(457)
(4.3m)
(4.3m)

(4.3m)
(4.3m)

(5.5m)

(5.5m)
(5.5m)

(5.5m)
casings also casings also
14ft
14ft

14ft
14ft

18ft

18ft
adjusted to account for length effects.

18ft

18ft
deemed necessary.
available) available) 16
(406)
Asc = 20 in2 (129 cm2)
W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97
Adjusted
Adjusted Brace
Adjusted
Brace
Brace Strength
Strength Strength Determination
Determination
Determination
14
(355)
Fysc = 38 ksi (262 MPa) Bay Width, ft (m) Fysc = 38 ksi (262 MPa) Bay Width, ft (m) 𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =
𝑃𝑃 = 𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝐹𝐹
𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠    (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠    (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)
Adjusted Brace Strength Determination
    Asc = 15 in2 (97 cm2)

Py_axial4 15 (4.6) 20 (6.1) 25 (7.6) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 40 (12.2) 45 (13.7) 50 (15.2) Py_axial4 15 (4.6) 20 (6.1) 25 (7.6) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 30 (9.1) 35 (10.7) 40 (12.2) 45 (13.7) 50 (15.2) 𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑃 = 𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝐹𝐹 𝐴𝐴    (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)
𝑦𝑦 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 12  
Asc3 Asc3 𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 =
𝑃𝑃 = 𝜔𝜔𝐹𝐹
𝜔𝜔𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠          (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡)
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠          (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡)    
Adjusted Brace Strength Determination
(305)
Asc = 10 in2 (65 cm2)
in2 (cm2) kip (kN) SINGLE DIAGONAL CHEVRON/V in2 (cm2) kip (kN) SINGLE DIAGONAL CHEVRON/V 𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡 = 𝜔𝜔𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠          (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡)  
2.0 (13) 68 (306) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) 2.0 (13) 68 (306) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) • • FFyy of
of material
material used
used to
to fabricate
fabricate brace
brace yielding
yielding cores to
Adjusted
cores 𝑃𝑃
toBrace = 𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝐹𝐹
be𝑐𝑐established
be established
Strength 𝑦𝑦 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠    (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)
Determination 10  
based on
based
Fy oftesting
on coupon
coupon material
testing used plates.
of individual
of individual to fabricate
plates. suchbrace
Inmaterial
In such cases,
cases,
yielding
R
used toR may brace cores to (254) Casing sizes in this chart are based on a 45°
3.0 (19) 103 (448) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) 3.0 (19) 103 (448) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) • Fy of yy may
fabricate yielding cores to be established brace angle, 14˝ (360mm) deep columns
be taken
be taken as be established
as equal
equal to 1.0
to 1.0 in
in the based
the above
above on
basedcoupon
equations.
equations. on coupon
(See
(See testing
AISC
AISC 𝑐𝑐 341)ofof
testing
341) individual
individual
𝑦𝑦 plates. In such cases, Ry may
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠   𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴          (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡)
𝑃𝑃 = 𝜔𝜔𝐹𝐹    (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)   Asc = 5 in2 (32 cm ) 2
𝑡𝑡 𝑦𝑦 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 8
and 18˝
18"(460mm) deepbeams.
(460mm) deep beams.

STORY HEIGHT: 16ft (4.9m)

4.0 (26) 137 (613) 4.0 (26) 137 (613) plates. In such cases, Rbe y may be taken equal to 1.0 in

STORY HEIGHT: 20ft (6.1m)

t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) taken as equal to 1.0 in the above equations. (See AISC 341)
(203)
𝑃𝑃 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
5.0 (32) 171 (754) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) 5.0 (32) 171 (754) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t8 (t203) t8 (t203) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) the above equations. (See AISC
• Fy of 341)
material 𝑡𝑡 =
used 𝜔𝜔𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 brace
to fabricate 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠yielding
         (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡)
cores to be established
  (4.6) (6.1) (7.6) (9.1) (10.7) (12.2) (13.7) (15.2)
based on coupon testing of individual plates. In such cases, Ry may
6.0 (39) 205 (919) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) 6.0 (39) 205 (919) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254)
Bay Width
Bay Width t12 (t305) Bay Width
Bay Width
be taken as equal to 1.0 in the above equations. (See AISC 341)
• Fy of material used to fabricate brace yielding cores to be established Workpoint Length, ft (m)
7.0 (45) 239 (1060) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) Bay
t10 Bay
Bay
Width
Bay
Width t10 (t254)
(t254)
Width
Width t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 Bay
Bay
Bay
Width
(t254)
Bay
Width
Width t10 (t254)
Width t10 (t254) 7.0 (45) 239 (1060) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10
Bay(t254)
Width t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254)
Bay Widtht10 (t254) t10 (t254) based on coupon testing of individual plates. In such cases, Ry may
Bay Width Bay Width
8.0 (52) 274 (1225) 8.0 (52) 274 (1225) be taken as equal to 1.0 in the above equations. (See AISC 341)
t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t10 (t254) t10 (t254) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305)
W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 BRB Protected Zones
SECT A SECT B MATERIAL SPECS
W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97
9.0 (58) 308 (1367) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305)
W18×97
W18×97 t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 W18×97
(t305)
W18×97 t12 (t305) t12 (t305) 9.0 (58) 308 (1367) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305)
W18×97 t12 (t305)
W18×97 t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305)
W18×97 t12 (t305)
W18×97 t12 (t305)

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211
W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

(5.5m)
(5.5m)

(5.5m)
(5.5m)
(4.3m)
(4.3m)

(4.3m)
(4.3m)

10.0 (65) 342 (1532) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) 10.0 (65) 342 (1532) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t14 (t356) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305)

18ft
18ft

18ft
18ft
W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109
14ft
14ft

14ft
14ft

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211

W14×211

W14×211
(4.9m)
(4.9m)

(4.9m)
(4.9m)

(6.1m)

(6.1m)

ROUND SQUARE
(6.1m)

(6.1m)
CORE PL: A36 CONTROLLED YIELD

20ft

20ft

CASING CASING
16ft
16ft

16ft
16ft

20ft

20ft
11.0 (71) 376 (1673) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) 11.0 (71) 376 (1673) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t14 (t356) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) t12 (t305) STIFFENER PL: A572 GR-50 (Fy = 345 MPa)
12.0 (77) 410 (1814) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356)
W18×97
W18×97 t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 W18×97
(t356)
W18×97 t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 12.0 (77) 410 (1814) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356)
W18×97 t14 (t356)
W18×97 t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356)
W18×97 t14 (t356)
W18×97 t14 (t356) CASING: A500 GR-B (Fy = 318 MPa)
W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 GUSSET PL: A572 GR-50 (Fy = 345 MPa)
13.0 (84) 445 (1979) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 13.0 (84) 445 (1979) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) Rev 1 - 4/1/13 5789 West Wells Park Road, West Jordan, UT 84081 ph: 801-280-0701 [Link]
Rev 11 -- 4/1/13
Rev 4/1/13 5789 West
5789 West Wells
Wells Park
Park Road,
Road, West
West Jordan,
Jordan, UT
UT 84081
84081 ph:
ph: 801-280-0701
801-280-0701 ERECTION BOLTS: A307 (FU = 414 MPa)
[Link]
[Link]
14.0 (90) 479 (2121) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 14.0 (90) 479 (2121) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t16 (t406) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356)
15.0 (96) 513 (2286) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 15.0 (96) 513 (2286) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t16 (t406) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) Rev 1 - 4/1/13 5789 West Wells Park Road, West Jordan, UT 84081 ph: 801-280-0701 [Link]
16.0 (103) 547 (2427) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 16.0 (103) 547 (2427) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t16 (t406) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) CORE PL: A36 CONTROLLED YIELD
17.0 (110) 581 (2592) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) 17.0 (110) 581 (2592) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) t14 (t356) Rev 1 - 4/1/13 STIFFENER
5789 West Wells Park Road, PL:
West Jordan, UT A572 GR-50
84081 ph: 801-280-0701 (Fy = 345 MPa)
[Link]

18.0 (116) 616 (2733) 18.0 (116) 616 (2733) CASING:

t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406)
ROUND HSS: A500 GR-B (Fy = 290 MPa)
19.0 (123) 650 (2898) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) 19.0 (123) 650 (2898) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) PIPE: A53 GR-B (Fy = 242 MPa)
20.0 (129) 684 (3040) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) 20.0 (129) 684 (3040) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) t16 (t406) GUSSET PL: A572 GR-50 (Fy = 345 MPa) SHADED REGIONS INDICATE
ERECTION BOLTS: A307 (FU = 414 MPa) BRB PROTECTED ZONES
Workpoint Length (ft) 21.9 (6.7) 25.6 (7.8) 29.7 (9.0) 34.0 (10.4) 38.5 (11.7) 21.9 (6.7) 23.7 (7.2) 25.6 (7.8) 27.6 (8.4) 29.7 (9.0) Workpoint Length (ft) 25.0 (7.6) 28.3 (8.6) 32.0 (9.8) 36.1 (11.0) 40.3 (12.3) 25.0 (7.6) 26.6 (8.1) 28.3 (8.6) 30.1 (9.2) 32.0 (9.8)

Bay
Bay
Width
Width Bay
Bay
Width
Width Bay Width
Bay Width Bay Width
Bay Width Schematic BRB Behavior
t = square tube t = square tube
p = round pipe W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 p = round pipe W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97
(rectangular (rectangular

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211

W14×211
W14×211
W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

W14×109
W14×109

(6.1m)
(6.1m)

(6.1m)
(6.1m)
casings also casings also
(4.9m)
(4.9m)

(4.9m)
(4.9m)

20ft
20ft

20ft
20ft
16ft
16ft

16ft
16ft

available) available) A B Casing

W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97 W18×97
W18×97
Grout Fill

NOTES: 1. Casing buckling checks include a FS of 1.3 accounting for code prescribed phi factors and casing initial out-of-straightness. Additionally, casings are designed for BRB
For design assistance
Interface
overstrength and length effects (for braces longer than 35’ (10.7m)), and for self-weight and out-of-plane effects. Where casing size is controlled by buckling, alternate Material
casing configurations must maintain the same minimum moment of inertia about the critical axis. Contact CoreBrace for assistance with alternate configurations.
2. CoreBrace BRB Casing Sizes are approx square minimums for the indicated frame geometry and beam/column sizes. Different beam/column sizes will affect brace length
and casing size. More economical sizes or shapes may be used unless specifically required otherwise. Round or rectangular casings are also available. please contact CoreBrace: Air Gap

3. Indicated core area is minimum cross sectional area of yielding portion of BRB core. Rounding increments used are for convenience only. Other core areas can be provided. Core
4. Py_axial is the calculated yield force of the BRB equal to: øFyAsc based on the lower-bound of the yield stress range. Typ yield stress range = 42 ksi ±4 ksi (290 MPa ±28MPa).
5. Where casing size is controlled by fit up, alternate core configurations (width × thickness) may allow for reduced casing sizes, on a project specific basis.
5789 West Wells Park Road
Contact CoreBrace for details. West Jordan, UT 84081
6. Brace and casing sizes other than those shown are available upon request.
7. This table was created by considering overstrength at 2% story drift as required by AISC 341-16. For other story drifts, values may be different.
801.280.0701 TENSION COMPRESSION
8. Casing sizes in table are intended for schematic design only. Contact CoreBrace for project specific sizes. [Link]
11/2020 5789 West Wells Park Road, West Jordan, UT 84081  ph: 801.280.0701  [Link]