DEPARTMENT OF PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

II PUC ANNUAL EXAMINATION, MAY-2022

SCHEME OF EVALUATION - PHYSICS (33 NS)
Qn Question and Answer Marks
Part-A
I Answer any ten of the following questions: (10x1=10)
1 Name the apparatus used to detect electric charge on a body.
Gold leaf electroscope or Electroscope 1
2 Define ‘electric dipole moment’.
It is defined as the product of the magnitude of either charge and the separation (or the 1
distance) between the charges (or dipole length). OR if q is the magnitude of either charge
and 2a is separation between the charges (or dipole length), then dipole moment is
defined as
3 State Ohm’s law.
The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the pd across its ends. OR 1
If I is the current through a conductor and V is the pd across its end, then Ohm’s law states
4 The resistance of a carbon resistor with four coloured rings is ( ) . Identify the
colour of fourth ring.
Silver 1
5 What is the magnitude of the magnetic force on a charged particle moving anti-parallel to a
uniform magnetic field?
Zero 1
6 Define the magnetic declination at a place on the Earth.
The angle between the true geographic north and the north shown by the compass needle. 1
OR the angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian at that place.
7 Mention the significance of Lenz’s law.
Conservation of energy OR It gives the polarity of induced emf OR It gives the direction of 1
induced current. (Any one)
8 Write the expression for the natural frequency of oscillations in an LC circuit.
OR 1
√ √
9 Write the relation between the magnitude of the electric and magnetic fields in an
electromagnetic wave.
1
10 Name the type of electromagnetic rays lying between ultraviolet and gamma rays.
X-rays 1
11 What are coherent sources?
Two sources of light which emit light waves of same wavelength (or frequency) and 1
constant phase difference.
12 How does the resolving power of a telescope change on increasing the diameter of the
objective lens?
Increases 1

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13 What is meant by the ionization energy of an atom?
The minimum energy required to remove an electron from the atom (or to infinity or 1
infinite orbit).
14 Give an example for elemental semiconductor.
Silicon or Germanium (or Si or Ge) 1
15 Draw the logic symbol of NOT-gate.

Part-B
II Answer any five of the following questions: (5x2=10)
16 What are polar and non-polar molecules?
Polar molecule: A molecule in which the center of positive charge and the center of 1
negative charge do not coincide.
Non-polar molecule: A molecule in which the center of positive charge and the center of 1
negative charge coincide.
17 Show with schematic graphs, variation of resistivity with absolute temperature for
(a) Nichrome and (b) Silicon.

(a) (b)
1+1

18 The current in a coil falls from 25 mA to 0 mA in 1 ms and induces an emf of 10 V in it. Find
the self-inductance of the coil.
Formula: OR | | | | 1
1
Sub and Ans: 0.4 H
19 Give the working principle of AC generator. Why the current generated by it is called
alternating current?
Principle: Electromagnetic induction 1
The direction of current changes or reverses periodically 1
20 What is displacement current? Write its expression.
Current due to the changing electric field or changing electric flux. 1
1

21 Give the reasons for the following statements: (a) The sun is visible a little before the actual
sunrise & until a little after the actual sunset (b) The sky appears blue
Ans (a) Refraction of light through the atmosphere 1
Ans (b) Scattering of light by the atmospheric particles 1
22 Write any two uses of polaroids.
1. To produce and analyze the polarised light. Any two
2. In sun glasses or goggles. 1+1
3. To view 3-D pictures/movies.

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 4. In window panes of trains and aero planes. Any two
5. To eliminate head light glares of vehicles.
Note: Any other correct use should be considered.
23 What are de Broglie waves? Name an expt which verified the wave nature of electrons.
de Broglie waves: Waves associated with moving material particles. 1
Experiment: Davisson and Germer experiment or G P Thomson experiment 1
24 Draw the labeled diagram representing the schematic arrangement of Geiger-Marsden
experiment for alpha-particle scattering.

Diagram 1

Labeling 1

25 Give any two advantages of LEDs over conventional incandescent low power lamps.
1. Low operational voltage and current and less power consumption.
2. Fast ON-OFF switching ability. Any two
3. Fast action. There is no warm up time 1+1
4. Long life (Durable) and ruggedness
5. The emitted light is nearly (but not exactly) monochromatic.
Any two Note: Any other correct advantage should be considered
Part-C
III Answer any five of the following questions: (5x3=15)
26 Mention the three factors on which the capacitance of a dielectric parallel plate capacitor
depends.
1. Area of the plates 1+1+1
2. Distance between the plates
3. Dielectric constant of the material between the plates
27 Derive the expression for the drift velocity of electrons in a conductor in terms of their
relaxation time.
⃗⃗ 1
⃗ ∑ ⃗ and ⃗ ( )
Using ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ 1
⃗⃗
Arriving at ⃗ or | ⃗ | 1
Note: Any other correct method should be considered
28 Write the two reasons to show that, ‘the galvanometer as such can not be used as an
ammeter’. Give the method of converting the galvanometer into an ammeter.

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 1. It is a sensitive device 1
2. It is connected in series and it has high resistance 1
Method: By connecting low resistance in parallel with it OR by shunting the galvanometer 1
29 List any three properties of ferromagnetic substances
1. Their susceptibility is large and positive. Any 3
2. Their permeability is very large i.e., OR 1+1+1
3. As temperature increases, magnetization/susceptibility decreases.
4. Ferromagnetic substance becomes paramagnetic when heated above critical
temperature.
5. They have strong tendency to move from weaker region to stronger region of magnetic
field OR they get strongly attracted by magnets.
6. When placed in magnetic field, field lines get concentrated inside the sample.
Note: Any other correct property should be considered
30 Write any three applications in which advantage of eddy currents are used
1. Induction furnace
2. Magnetic braking in trains Any 3
3. Electromagnetic damping Any 3 1+1+1
4. Electric power meter Note: Any other correct application should be considered
31 Mention any three sources of energy loss in an actual transformer
1. Loss due to heating OR Copper loss OR heating of coils due to resistance
2. Loss due to flux leakage OR Magnetic loss Any 3
3. Loss due to eddy current OR Core or iron loss OR heating of core due to eddy currents 1+1+1
4. Hysteresis loss Any 3 Note: Any other correct source should be considered
32 Using Huygen’s principle, show that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection, when a plane wavefront is reflected by a plane surface.

Ray diagram 1

Showing and 1

( each angle is 90°) and ( each ) 1

Thus the triangle ABC is congruent to AEC. ∴ ∴
33 Write the three postulates of Bohr model of the hydrogen atom.
1. An electron in atom can revolve in certain stable orbits without the emission of radiant 1
energy.
2. An electron revolves around the nucleus only in those orbits for which its angular 1
momentum is an integral multiple of ( ), where h is the Planck’s constant.
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 3. An electron can jump from higher energy orbit to lower energy orbit. In this process a
photon is emitted whose energy is equal to the energy difference between the initial 1
and final states.
34 Define ‘mass defect’ and ‘binding energy’ of a nucleus. Write the relation between them.
Mass defect: The difference between the sum of masses of nucleons and the nuclear mass. 1
Binding energy: Energy required to break the nucleus into its constituent particles
(nucleons). OR energy released when a nucleus is formed by constituent 1
particles/nucleons.
Relation: ( ) OR ( ) 1

35 Give any three differences between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors

Intrinsic Semiconductor Extrinsic Semiconductor
Any 3
1. It is a pure form of semiconductor. 1. It is a doped semiconductor.
2. It contains equal number of electrons 2. It contains un-equal number of electrons 1+1+1
and holes. (holes in VB=electrons in CB) and holes.
3. Electric conductivity is due to both 3. Electric conductivity is mainly due to
electrons and holes. majority charge carriers.
4. Conductivity depends only on 4. Conductivity depends both on
temperature. temperature and impurity added.
5. At 0 K, charge carriers vanish. 5. At 0 K, majority charge carriers exist.
6. Conductivity is low 6. Conductivity is high
Any 3 Note: Any other correct difference should be considered
Part-D
IV Answer any two of the following questions: (2x5=10)
36 What is an electric field line? Write the four general properties of electric field lines.
An electric field line is a curve drawn in an electric field so that the tangent to it at
any point is in the direction of the net field at that point OR it is an imaginary path
along which a free test charge tends to move OR it is a way of pictorially/graphically 1
representing/mapping an electric field in a given region (or any other correct answer).
1. Electric field lines always start from positive charge and end at negative charge. If there
is single charge, they start or end at infinity.
2. In a charge-free region, field lines can be taken to be continuous curves without any 1+1+1+1
breaks.
3. Two field lines never cross each other.
4. Electrostatic field lines never form closed loops.
Note: Any other correct property should be considered
37 Using Kirchhoff’s rules, obtain the expression for the balancing condition of Wheatstone
bridge.

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 Circuit diagram 1
Current through the galvanometer 1

KVR to loop ABDA: 1

KVR to loop BCDB: 1

Showing: and
1
& Arriving at the condition:

38 With the help of a diagram, derive the expression for the torque on a rectangular loop
placed in a uniform magnetic field.

Diagram 1

The forces on arms AD and BC cancel each other (being collinear along the axis) 1

The forces on arms AB and CD: 1

Torque: 1

Final expression: ∴ 1
Note: When the magnetic field is in the plane of the loop should also be considered.
39 Derive the expression for the magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a
current carrying solenoid. Hence show that it is equivalent to a bar magnet.

Diagram 1

( ) 1
Magnetic field at P due to this circular element: [ ( ) ]

Magnetic field at P due to whole solenoid: ∫ [ ] 1

Final expression: 1

This expression is same as the expression for the magnetic field due to a bar magnet at its
1
axial point. Thus the current carrying solenoid is equivalent to a bar magnet.

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V Answer any two of the following questions: (2x5=10)
40 Show that the current lags the voltage by π/2 in an AC circuit containing a pure inductor.
Draw the phasor diagram for it.
AC voltage applied across a pure inductor: 1

Applying KVR to the loop: ∴ 1

Instantaneous current by integration: ∫ ∫ ( ) 1

Arriving at ( ) ⇒ Current lags the voltage by π/2 1

Phasor diagram 1

41 Derive lens maker’s formula for a convex lens.

Ray diagram 1
Formula for refraction at I surface: 1

Formula for refraction at II surface: 1

Combining the two equations and simplification: ( )( ) 1

And using the condition ⟹

1
Arriving at lens makers formula: ( )( )

OR

Ray diagram 1

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 Formula for refraction at I surface: 1

Formula for refraction at II surface: 1

Combining the two equations and simplification: ( )( ) 1

And using the condition ⟹

1
Arriving at lens makers formula: ( )( )

42 Define photoelectric work function. Write the 4 experiemntal observations of photoelectric

effect.
Work function: It is the minimum amount of energy required to liberate an electron from 1
the metal surface.
1. Photoelectric effect is instantaneous process.
2. There exists certain minimum cut-off frequency called threshold frequency below which
1+1+1+1
photoelectric emission does not take place.
3. The photoelectric current is directly proportional to the intensity of incident radiation,
provided the frequency of incident radiation is greater than threshold frequency. Also
the saturation current is directly proportional to the intensity of incident radiation.
4. The stopping potential or maximum KE of emitted photoelectrons is directly
proportional to the frequency of incident radiation but independent of intensity.
43 What is rectifier? With the suitable circuit diagram, explain the working of p-n junction
diode as a full-wave rectifier. Draw the input and the output waveforms.
Rectifier: It is a circuit (or a device) which converts AC into DC (or pulsating DC). 1

Circuit diagram 1

OR any other correct circuit diagram

During the positive half cycle of input ac voltage, becomes forward biased and
reverse biased. So conducts the current. The current flows through the load in the 1
direction .
During the negative half cycle of input ac voltage, becomes reverse biased and
1
forward biased. So conducts the current. The current flows through the load in the
direction .
Thus the current flows through the diode during both half cycles in the same direction.
Hence DC output is obtained.
Waveform diagram 1

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 OR

VI Answer any three of the following questions: (3x5=15)

44 Two small charged spheres having charges of and are placed 3 cm
apart in vacuum. Find the electrostatic force between them. Find the new force, when the
distance between them is doubled. Given:

Formula for the Coulomb force: OR 1

Substitution and simplification: 1

( )

Force between the charges: 1

New force: ( ) 1

Final answer with approapriate unit: 1

45 A charge of 8 mC is located at the origin. Calculate the work done in taking a small charge
of from a point ( ) to a point ( ) via a point
( ). Given:

Formula for the potential at a point: OR 1

Potential at A: 1

Potential at B: 1

Work done: ( ) 1
Final answer with approapriate unit: ( )( ) 1
Note: should be considered
46 In the following circuit, find the current I

Formula for the Equivalent emf: OR 1

( ) ( )
1

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 Formula for the Equivalent internal resistance: OR 1

Current with approapriate unit: 1

OR KCR to the junction A: 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 --------1

KVR to the loop L1: ( 𝐼) ( 𝐼 ) ⇒ 𝐼 𝐼 --------1

KVR to the loop L2: ( 𝐼 ) ( 𝐼) ⇒ 𝐼 𝐼 --------1

Solving the two KVR equations --------1

𝐼 𝐴 --------1

47 A circular copper coil of mean raduis 6.284 cm has 20 turns. If a current of 2 A is passed
through this coil, find the magnitude of the magnetic field at its centre. Also find the
magnetic dipole moment of this current coil. Given:

Formula for the magnetic field at the centre: 1

Substitution and simplification: 1

Final answer with appropriate unit: 1

Magnetic dipole moment: 1
( ) 1

48 A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism such that the refracted ray inside
the prism is parallel to its base. Calcualate the (a) Angle of deviation of the ray and (b)
Speed of light ray inside the prism.
Given: the refractive index of glass = 3/2 and the speed of light in vacuum = .
( ) 1
(a) Formula for the minimum deviation:
( )

( ) ( ) 1
Substitution and simplification: ( )
( )

Angle of minimum deviation: OR 1

OR 𝐴 𝑟 ⟹𝑟 ………….. 1
𝑖 𝑖
𝑛 𝑟
⟹ ⟹𝑖 ……….…..1
𝛿 𝑖 𝐴 OR 𝐷𝑚 ……………1

(b) Formula related to speed of light in a medium: 1

Speed of light in glass: 1

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49 Two slits separated by 1 mm in Young’s double slit experiemnt are illuminated by the violet
light of the wavelength 400 nm. The interference fringes are obtained on the screen placed
at 1 m from the slits. Find the fringe width. If the violet light is repleced by the light of the
wavelength 700 nm, find the percentage change in fringe width.

Formula for fringe width: 1

Sub, simpl and answer with appropriate unit: 1

Fringe width when light is replaced: OR 1

New fringe width: OR 1

Percentage change in fringe width = 1

50 The normal activity of living carbon ( ) containing matter in found to be about 15

decays per minute per gram of carbon. A specimen found in an archaeological excavation
has an activity of 1.5 decays per minute per gram of carbon matter. Estimate the age of the
specimen. Given: the half-life of carbon ( ) is 5730 years.

Formula related to decay constant: 1

Decay constant: 1

Formula for activity: OR ( ) 1

Sub and simpl: OR ( ) 1

Estimated age: Approximated to 2 SF 1

Note: Ans between 19000 to 19050 years may be considered
In minutes; and

In second; and

Any alternative and correct/suitable answer/solution should be considered

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