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Intro to Atomic Structure

The document discusses basic atomic structure, including the definition of elements, atoms, and molecules. It explains that elements contain only one type of atom that cannot be broken down further, while molecules contain two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds. Key atomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons are defined, along with related concepts such as atomic number, mass number, and isotopes.

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Khin Yadanar Kyaw
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213 views10 pages

Intro to Atomic Structure

The document discusses basic atomic structure, including the definition of elements, atoms, and molecules. It explains that elements contain only one type of atom that cannot be broken down further, while molecules contain two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds. Key atomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons are defined, along with related concepts such as atomic number, mass number, and isotopes.

Uploaded by

Khin Yadanar Kyaw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Unit 1 Principles of Chemistry

Atomic Structure

Tr. Kyaw Zin Thant


Learning Objectives
What is an element, atom, molecule?

ELEMENTS are substances that can’t be split into anything simpler by chemical means.
Elements contain only one type of atom and cannot be split into anything simpler.
(E.g., Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon)

ATOMS can be described as the smallest part of an element that has the properties of
that element.
(E.g., hydrogen atom, oxygen atom)

MOLECULES are two or more atoms joined together chemically by covalent bonds.
(E.g., ozone O3, carbon dioxide CO2, water H2O)

SPECIAL NOTE
A hydrogen molecule (H2) consists of 2 hydrogen atoms joined together chemically.
A water molecule consists of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom joined together chemically.
Atoms

Protons

ATOM Neutrons P, N, E are called SUB-ATOMIC particles because they are smaller than an atom

Electrons

Memorise this
Particle Relative mass Charge
Proton 1 +1
Neutron 1 0
Electron 1/1840 = 0.0005 -1
Atomic number or Proton number (Z)

Atomic number: The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus is called the atomic number or the proton number.
Mass number or Nucleon number (A)

Mass number: The number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus is called the mass number or the nucleon number.

mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons


Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of the same element which have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

They have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

Number of

Isotopes Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14

Protons

Electrons

Neutrons

SPECIAL NOTE
The fact that they have different mass numbers makes no difference for their chemical reactions.
The chemical properties are controlled by the number and arrangement of electrons and which is the same for all 3 isotopes.
Relative atomic mass

Relative atomic mass is the ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element to one twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

35Cl 37Cl

A natural sample of chlorine contains more 35Cl isotope than 37Cl isotope because the relative atomic mass is closer to 35 than 37.
Relative atomic mass

A naturally occurring sample of the element boron contains 20% 10B and 80% 11B.
Calculate the relative atomic mass.
Electrons

Atoms are electrically neutral (no overall charge) because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.

Number of electrons = Number of protons

Number of protons =
Number of electrons =
Number of protons = Number of neutrons =
Number of electrons =
Number of neutrons =

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