LIGITALSYSTEMS

FEI.is s anion of information

FEIFFERCASE LETTERS IN ENGLISH ALPHABET A B C Z

10 DECIMAL NUMBERS DIGITS O I
2,3 9
2 BINARY NUMBERS BI S O

QIY.tt f1 a particular insane

MUST BE APPROPRIATE TO QUANTIFY WHAT WE ARE
MEASURING
CAN BE USED 70 AND COMMUNICATE
Record COMPARE
INFORMATION

in Ie THAT REDUCES our uncertainty

ABOUT A PARAMETER VARIABLE I PROCESS
MOST REAL WORLD PROCESSES ARE OR
CONTINUOUS i E CAN BE MODELLED RÉÉIÉÉEFp as A
continuous function IN TIME
WE WANT TO ENCODE THE NFORMATION ABOUT
THE CURRENT STATE OF A VARIABLE USING
DISCRETE VALUES

In f Ii

g
SAMPLING
É
NUMBERSYSTEMI
20

COMBINATION
TIIYI.to
Of PREDEFNED
EEnnns
SYMBOLS
A VALUE USING A

WE WILL NOW CONSIDER THREE NUMBER SYSTEMS

DECIMAL BASE 10
WHY ARE THESE BASES
BINARY BASE 2
SIGNIFICANT
HEXADECIMAL BASE 16

COMES from LATIN DECIMUS TENTH

Eg1I g
BASED ON HINDU ARABIC NUMBER SYSTEM
CONTAINS 10 SYMBOLS DIGITS
WAS THIS AN IMPORTANT
POSITIONAL NUMBER SYSTEM WHY
INNOVATION
EXAMPET

2046 Cigs Ezio ftp.ofligio

BETTE 2
CONTAINS 2 Symbols
EEE
LXERCISTÉ
CONVERT THE FOLLOWING BINARY NUMBER TO DECIMAL

101112
EACH POSITION REPRESENTS A Power of 2

the 1 25 1 24 0 23 1 22 1 21 1 20
1101112 1
32 16 to 4 2 1557
 9i.IE
mg g
wit

X.EE
EDmEsaa XAMPLEO

ARE NEEDED TO REPRESENT THE DECIMAL

HOW MANY BITS
NUMBER 55

m roundup I
roundup blog 5 Yg
roundup 5.78

6BIg

t
CONVERSIONTROMDECIMALTOBINTÉ
THERE ARE TWO MAIN APPROACHES

Sum of WEIGHTS

REPEATED DIVISION BY 2

MOVES FROM MSB 70 LSB

IÉÉÉ e minimum number m Bns NEEDED

of
NUMBER D
TO REPRESENT THE DECIMAL

m roundup logzD

FIND THE VALUE Of THE INDEX a OF THE

MOST SIGNIFICANT BIT bn
n m I
WHERE
B bubs b bot
TMSs

INITIALISE THE FOLLOWING VARIABLES

i n

di D 11 DIFFERENCE

0 11 QUOTIENT
qi DIGIT
bi O 11 BINARY
 WHILE i 70 DO

FIND THE QUOTIENT

truncate d 2 qe 0,1
qi
SET THE BINARY DIGIT bi A7 INDEX I TO
Gi
bi qi
4 FIND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN di AND bi x2

dit di bix2
UPDATE LOOP COUNTER AND REPEAT

Fit
LEXAMPLET
CONVERT THE DECIMAL NUMBER 2046 TO B NARY
USING sum of WEIGHTS

m roundup loges
roundup log 046
roundup 10.998

Ilbits
n m I
11 I

D
In 10 j di D 2046 qi o bi o
 i

t t

moves from us ns.s

REIII.ae I's mBfgs

2 0 ALOOP COUNTER

di D 11 DIFFERENCE
INDEX i
bi O 11 Binary DIGIT AT

qi 1 A QUOTIENT

Ti O U REMAINDER

WHILE di o Do

FIND THE QUOTIENT

truncate d 2 qe 0,1
qi
FIND THE REMAINDER
re on
ri dik g x2
230SET THE BINARY 01617 bi A7 INDEX I TO Pi

bi ri
 UPDATE di
din qi
UPDATE LOOP COUNTER AND REPEAT

Fit
LEXAMPET
CONVERT THE DECIMAL NUMBER 2046 TO B NARY
USING REPEATED DIVISION BY 2

1 0 j di D 2046 qi 1 bio

i i
t
t
IHEXADECIMALNUMBERST
POSITIONAL NUMBER SYSTEM
BASE 16
16 SYMBOLS 0,1 2,3 4,516,7 8 9 A B C D E f
o Form of COMPRESSION

EXAMPLED

HOW MANY BITS OF INFORMATION ARE NEEDED TO

REPRESENT A SINGLE HEXADECIMAL DIGIT

SCREE Digns
I logan
fog 1ft
4Bif

4 B 75 STARTING from THE LSB

i 70 THE MSB

CONVERT EACH 4 BIT GROUP INTO THE EQUIVALENT

DECIMAL VALUE
CONVERT THE DECIMAL VALUE 70 THE EQUIVALENT
HEXADECIMAL VALUE

COMBINE HEXADECIMAL NUMBERS IN THE SAME

ORDER
EXAMPLED
CONVERT THE FOLLOW NL B NARY NUMBER TO
HEXADECIMAL
10110 1111 010172

SPLIT THE BINARY NUMBER

011072 111172 0101

Ti T T
6 Fi 56

655

EE.si an

CONVERT EACH DIGIT INTO THE EQUIVALENT DECIMAL

VALUE
EQUIVALENT
CONVERT EACH DECIMAL NUMBER INTO THE
4 BN BINARY CODE
B NARY NUMBERS TOGETHER IN ORIGIONAL
COMBINE
ORDER
EXAMPLED
THE FOLLOW.NL HEXADECIMAL NUMBER TO BINARY
CONVERT
ESA 8 I

THE HEX NUMBER

SPLIT

E 51 Aib 816

O TE J To T
1010 1100012
11101 010112

111001011010100012

CONVERT EACH DIGIT INTO THE EQUIVALENT DECIMAL

VALUE
MULTIPLY EACH DECIMAL VALUE BY 16 WHERE I
IS THE INDEX IN THE SEQUESCE

EXAMPLED
THE FOLLOW.NL HEXADECIMAL NUMBER TO DECIMAL
CONVERT

ESA 8 I

It E to E
510 101 810
14.0

li E lt1sz1tlegioD 8gI
58797g
qq.es I TisE
I
70 BINARY
we conven
FROM DECIMAL

É
ADAPT 2 SUM of WEIGHTS AND
m

DECIMALFRACTIONSP
WE ARE VERY FAMILIAR WITH DECIMAL FRACTIONAL
REPRESENTATION

EXAMPLE

É
238 175

182 15 18 104 11 10 7 101 15 1015

238.175 2 3

200 30 8 t o I t 0.07 0.005

BinangFRAdi
BINARY FRACTIONS CAN BE INTERPRETED IN A SIMILAR WAY
70 DECIMAL FRACTIONS

EXAMPLED

1110.181
É
WHAT IS THE DECIMAL EQUIVALENT 243
292
1
29 1 1 1 2 1 20 Ix 0 1

8 4 2 0 0.5 0 0.125 44.625

HMMENMMM.tt
EXAMPLED

WHAT
A
IS

10
A2
THE
IAF
DECIMAL EQUIVALENT
is

XKf
Fig 1510

10 16 15 16
2 160 1 16
10 16
0.0390625 0.003662109
160 2 0.0625

160.105224609W

IHOMEWORI
were out AN ALGORITHM 70 CONVERT
A DECIMAL FRACTION TO BINARY