Subject: Operating System
Class: TYCM I & II
UNIT-2
Services & Components of OS
Topic – Services provided by OS
Objective:
To know the services provided by the OS.
Presentation By:
Mrs. M. P. Bhosale
Lecturer, Computer Dept.
K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik
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Operating-system Services
Operating systems provide an environment for
execution of programs and services to programs
and users.
It provides certain services to program and to
the user of those programs.
The specific services provided differ from one
OS to another, but we can identify common
classes.
These services are provided for the
convenience of the programmer, to make the
programming task easier.
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List of Services provided by OS
Program Execution.
Input / Output Operations.
File system manipulation.
Communication.
Error Detection.
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Program Execution
The operating system must have the
capability to load a program into memory
and execute that program.
Furthermore, the program must be able to
end its execution, either normally or
abnormally / forcefully. (indicating error)
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I/O Operations
A running program may require I/O, which
may involve a file or an I/O device.
since user programs cannot execute I/O
operations directly, the operating system
must provide some means to perform I/O
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File system manipulation
The file system is of particular interest.
Programs need to read and write files and
directories, create and delete them, search
them, list file Information, permission
management.
program capability to read, write, create, and
delete files.
Therefore OS must provide some
mechanism to perform all these operations
on file.
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Communication
Processes may exchange information, on the
same computer or between computers over
a network
Communications may be via shared memory
or through message passing (packets moved
by the OS)
Hence in both cases, OS must provide
mechanism for Inter Process Communication
(IPC).
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Error Detection
OS needs to be constantly aware of possible
errors
May occur in the CPU and memory
hardware, in I/O devices, in user program
For each type of error, OS should take the
appropriate action to ensure correct and
consistent computing
Debugging facilities can greatly enhance the
user’s and programmer’s abilities to efficiently
use the system
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Additional Services:
Another set of OS functions exists for
ensuring the efficient operation of the
system itself via resource sharing i.e.
Resource Allocation
Accounting
Protection
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Resource Allocation
When multiple users or multiple jobs running
concurrently, resources must be allocated to
each of them
Many types of resources available such as
CPU cycles, main memory, and file storage
may have special allocation code,
others such as I/O devices, may have general
request and release code
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Accounting
keep track of and record which users use
how much and what kinds of computer
resources for account billing or for
accumulating usage statistics.
This is required to improve the computing.
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Protection
The owners of information stored in a multiuser
or networked computer system may want to
control use of that information, concurrent
processes should not interfere with each other
Protection involves ensuring that all access to
system resources is controlled
Security of the system from outsiders requires user
authentication, extends to defending external I/O
devices from invalid access attempts
If a system is to be protected and secure,
precautions must be instituted throughout it. A
chain is only as strong as its weakest link.
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A View of Operating System Services
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Continued…..
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