Power System Analysis
Lab Report 3
Shaheer Ahmed Qureshi
Pakistan Institute of Engineering And Applied Science
Department of Electrical Engineering
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Dr Arif Gilgiti
LAB INSTRUCTOR: Sir Bilal Nadeem
Power factor improvement using an over-excited actual and reactive power. Equation demonstrates that the load
synchronous motor will require more line current from the source for the same
real power absorbed, resulting in a lower power factor. This
implies that low power factor will incur more line losses(i.e.,
I. A BSTRACT I 2 R in the line). The remedy could be to install a capacitor
This document shows how to improve power factor using an bank of appropriate capacity in parallel with the load which
over-excited synchronous motor MATLAB (Simulink). Reac- draws leading current. For the same real power drawn by
tive power compensation is the process of correcting the power the load, the installation of capacitor will improve overall
factor in electric power systems. When an enterprise uses a system power factor thus reducing the line losses. When a
synchronous motor as both a mechanical power generator and
a power factor corrector, it saves money and improves effi-
ciency. Various research have been conducted on employing
power factor adjustment to improve the efficiency, capacity,
and stability of a power system under various operating
conditions. Thanks to the asynchronous motor connected to
the system, this study focuses on power factor adjustment of
the system. To analyze power systems, MATLAB, a powerful
software, is employed. To calculate real power, reactive power
and line losses; first a code will be executed and using results,
required values will be extracted which then will be used in
Fig. 1. A simple power system supplying an industrial plant from an infinite
formulae to obtain desired results. bus through a transmission line
II. I NTRODUCTION
A. Objectives synchronous motor is over-excited or under-excited, the field
• To understand the importance of power factor improve- current can be varied to draw leading or lagging currents. As
ment in reducing line losses. a result, when a synchronous motor is over-excited, it can be
• Learning about power factor improvement using a syn- employed to improve the system load factor. Consider Figure
chronous motor. 1, which shows how three motors are utilised to drive loads
in an industrial arrangement. The actual power consumed by
III. T HEORY the motors is also shown in the diagram. The total real and
If θ is phase angle between phase current and phase reactive powers drawn by the loads will be P = P1 + P2 + P3
voltage, the real power drawn by a three-phase load is given and Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 , with Qi = Pi tanθi if the motor
by has a 150kW rating (note that inductive loads draw positive
P = 3VL IL cosθ; reactive power). As a result, the system power factor will be
Where; (recall complex power triangle)
P= Real power drawn by the load, Watts cos = cos(tan−1 Q/P )
VL = Line voltage, volts If the third motor is replaced by an overexcited synchronous
IL = Line current, A motor that draws leading current, Q3 will be negative (we can
cosθ= Power factor argue that loads that draw leading currents absorb negative
Similarly, the reactive power Q absorbed or delivered by the reactive power), lowering Q. As a result, the system power
load is given by the following expression: factor will improve, as shown by Equation, meaning that line
Q = 3VL IL sinθ losses will be reduced.
The majority of industrial loads are inductive, absorbing both
IV. TASKS IL = 565.9041
Write MATLAB code to perform the following:
[Link] that the third motor is an induction motor PowerLoss= 3.3626e+04
operating at a power factor of 0.80 lagging. Compute
the following: Q1 , Q2 , Q3 , Q, and system power factor.
Take line voltage equal to 480V. If the line resistance is
R =0.035ohms, compute three-phase line losses (calculate
power factor and line current).
[Link] that the third motor is an over-excited syn-
chronous motor operating at a power factor of 0.85 lead-
ing. Compute the following: Q1 , Q2 , Q3 , Q, and system
power factor. If the line resistance is R =0.035ohm,
compute three-phase line losses.
[Link] the power factor of synchronous motor is varied
between 0.85 lagging and 0.85 leading in steps of 0.5 by
varying its field current. Tabulate the 3-phase line losses Fig. 3. Task 2
for different values of power factors.
[Link] on the results steps I, II, and III. Task 3
R ESULTS
Task 1
Q= 3.4273e+05
P= 450000
PF= 0.7955
IL = 680.3940
PowerLoss= 1.6203e+04 Fig. 4. Task 3
Task 3
The observations made were that with Power factor when goes
from lagging to leading; line losses reduces.
V. C ONCLUSION
Objectives of this lab were successfully met. By linking var-
ious functional building blocks in the simulation environment,
the simulation approach allows the researcher to design power
system models to simulate power quality disturbances. These
simulation models serve as foundations models for power
quality research and development of power quality education
and learning curricula. Task 1 enabled us determine the power
losses in case the power factor was lagging and task 2 enabled
Fig. 2. Task 1 us to determine power losses when power factor was leading
the calculations are shown in MATLAB code. Task 3 and 4
determined that when power factor changes from lagging to
Task 2 leading the power losses reduce simultaneously due to the
capacitive effect which means that power is being supplied
Q= 1.37273e+05 rather than being absorbed.
R EFERENCES
P= 450000
[1]
• Hadi Saadat, “Power Analysis” Boston : McGraw-Hill, 2004, second
edition, pp. 50–80.
PF= 0.9565 [2] Bergen AR. Power Systems Analysis. Delhi, India: Pearson Education
India; 2009
CODE T ask3
Task 1: P 1 = 100 ∗ 1000
P 2 = 200 ∗ 1000
P1=100000; P 3 = 150 ∗ 1000
P2=200000; o1 = 0.78
P3=150000; o2 = 0.8
A1=acosd(0.78); o31 = 0.85 : 0.05 : 1
A2=acosd(0.8); o32 = 0.85 : 0.05 : 1
A3=acosd(0.8); Rt = 0.035
Q1=100000*tand(A1); V = 480
Q2=200000*tand(A2); t1 = acosd(o1)
Q3=150000*tand(A3); t2 = acosd(o2)
Q=Q1+Q2+Q3; t31 = acosd(o31)
P=P1+P2+P3; t32 = −acosd(o32)
display(Q1) Q1 = P 1. ∗ tand(t1)
display(Q2) Q2 = P 2 ∗ tand(t2)
display(Q3) Q31 = P 3 ∗ tand(t31)
display(Q) Q32 = P 3 ∗ tand(t32)
display(P) Qt1 = Q1 + Q2 + Q31
PF=cosd(atand(Q/P)); Qt2 = Q1 + Q2 + Q32
x=acosd(PF); Pt = P1 + P2 + P3
M1=1.732*480*cosd(x); Ot1 = cosd(atand(Qt1/P t))
IL=P/M1; Ot2 = cosd(atand(Qt2/P t))
PowerLoss=3*((IL)2 ) ∗ 0.035; I1 = P 1/(V ∗ (cosd(t1)) ∗ sqrt(3)) ∗ 1000
display(P F ); I2 = P 2/(V ∗ (cosd(t2)) ∗ sqrt(3)) ∗ 1000
display(IL); I31 = P 3./(V ∗ (cosd(t31)) ∗ sqrt(3)) ∗ 1000
display(P owerLoss); I32 = P 3./(V ∗ (cosd(t32)) ∗ sqrt(3)) ∗ 1000
It1 = P t./(V. ∗ (Ot1) ∗ sqrt(3)) ∗ 1000
T ask2 It2 = P t./(V. ∗ (Ot2) ∗ sqrt(3)) ∗ 1000
LL1 = 3 ∗ (It1). ∗ (It1) ∗ Rt
P 1 = 100000; LL2 = 3 ∗ (It2). ∗ (It2) ∗ Rt
P 2 = 200000;
P 3 = 150000;
A1 = acosd(0.78);
A2 = acosd(0.8);
A3 = acosd(0.85);
Q1 = 100000 ∗ tand(A1);
Q2 = 200000 ∗ tand(A2);
Q3 = −150000 ∗ tand(A3);
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3;
P = P 1 + P 2 + P 3;
display(Q1)
display(Q2)
display(Q3)
display(Q)
display(P )
P F = cosd(atand(Q/P ));
x = acosd(P F );
M 1 = 1.732 ∗ 480 ∗ cosd(x);
IL = P/M 1;
P owerLoss = 3 ∗ ((IL)2 ) ∗ 0.035;
display(P F );
display(IL);
display(P owerLoss);
