See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: [Link]

net/publication/364338828

Relative abundance of mustard aphid Brevicoryne brassicae

(Homoptera:Aphididae) on Mustard, Brassica juncea (L.)

Article  in  Indian Journal of Ecology · October 2022

DOI: 10.55362/IJE/2022/3773

CITATIONS READS

0 7

6 authors, including:

Sajad Hussain Mir Summira Rafiq

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir
44 PUBLICATIONS   101 CITATIONS    7 PUBLICATIONS   0 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Yousra Mukhtar
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Jammu
7 PUBLICATIONS   1 CITATION   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Fruit flies View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Yousra Mukhtar on 16 October 2022.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Indian Journal of Ecology (2022) 49(5) (SI): 1996-1999 Manuscript Number: 3773
DOI: [Link] NAAS Rating: 5.79

Relative Abundance of Mustard Aphid Brevicoryne brassicae

(Homoptera: Aphididae) on Mustard, Brassica juncea (L.)

Shafiya Rashid1*, Sajad Hussain Mir2, R.K. Gupta1, Summira Rafiq2, Sabreena Ashraf3
1
and Yousra Mukhtar
1
Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, 180009, India
2
Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir-193 201, India
3
Division of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India
*E-mail: rashidshafiya042@[Link]

Abstract: Field experiment was conducted during the years 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Entomology Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura
campus, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, India to ascertain the aphid
incidence in mustard, Brassica juncea. The incidence of aphid started from the 12th standard week (6.37 aphids/20 plant) and reached its peak
in 16th standard week viz., 127.36 aphids/20 plantsand declined in 22nd standard week (8.54 aphids/20 plants). Negative correlation was found
between aphid population and maximum and minimum temperatures. Positive correlation was found between aphid population and rainfall
and significantly positive correlation was observed between aphid population and morning relative humidity and evening relative humidity. Two
species of predators, Coccinella septumpunctata and Hippodamia variegata, were observed feeding on mustard aphid. C. septumpunctata
appeared in 12th standard week (0.05 population/20 plants)and H. variegata in 13th standard week (0.15 population/20 plants) and the
population reached its peak at 16th standard week viz., 4.05 and 2.35 population/ 20 plants for C. septumpunctata and H. variegata,
respectively that coincided with the peak population of aphids. B. brassicae population exhibited significantly positive correlation with C.
septumpunctata and H. variegata.

Keywords: Population dynamics, Brevicoryne brassicae, Coccinella septumpunctata, Hippodamia variegata

Mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss is an feeding on leaves, inflorescence and stems as well as
important oilseed crop of Cruciferae family and constitute indirectly by transmitting diseases (Liu and Yue 2001). The
major source of edible oil for human consumption and cakes ecological approach to the pest management suggests using
for animals. Every effort is being made to raise yield of this pesticides only when and where necessary. Therefore, for
crop by adopting modern agricultural practices, such as the ensuring an effective and economical management of this
use of high yielding varieties, heavy manuring and assured serious pest, the present studies were undertaken to study
irrigation in order to meet the growing demands of oils. These population fluctuations in relation to weather parameter.
composite efforts are, however, nullified if crop is not These studies will provide an opportunity to face the pest
protected from the ravages of insect-pests. The crop is challenge by manipulating sowing time, varietals selection;
damaged at various stages of plant growth by more than a correct timing of pesticidal application besides other
dozen of insect pests viz; mustard sawfly (Athalia lugens management practices.
proxima Kulg.), painted bug (Bagrada cruciferarum Kirk.),
mustard aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae.), cabbage leaf MATERIAL AND METHODS
webber (Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller), flea beetle The field experiment was conducted at Entomology Farm
(Phyllotreta cruciferae Geoze) and leaf miner (Phytomyza of College of Agriculture, Wadura Campus, SKUAST-K, India
horticola Meign). The mustard aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) during 2018-19 and 2019-20. The mustard crop variety, KS
nd
(Homoptera: Aphididae) is the most serious and destructive 101 “Gulcheen” was sown manually on 2 week of October in
2
pest and major limiting factor for mustard cultivation (Biswas 2018 and 2019, in lines@ 5kg /ha on a plot of 10×12 m about
and Das 2000). The infestation of this pest varies with place 3 cm deep in furrows, keeping the row to row and plant to
and also depends upon the environmental factors. This pest plant distances as 30 and 10cm, respectively. Half of the
caused substantial losses in many crops and causes about recommended dose of nitrogenous fertilizer (60 Kg N/ha) and
35-75 % reduction in the yield of mustard (Singh and Sharma full dose of phosphatic fertilizer (60 Kg P2O5/ha) and potasic
2012). The infestation also led to 6% reduction in oil contents fertilizer (40 Kg K2O/ha) were applied at the time of ploughing
(Singh et al 2007). The loss caused by aphids is due to direct and rest of the nitrogenous fertilizers were applied through
 Abundance of Mustard Aphid 1997

th
top dressing at the time of flowering. The meteorological data (2019-20) in the 16 standard week from where started
prevailed during the infestation of aphids, Rabi 2018-19 and declining and reached the population, 6.23and
nd
Rabi 2019-20 was procured from the meteorological 10.85aphids/plant in 22 standard week for 2018-19 and
observatory located at Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e- 2019-20 respectively. In Rabi 2018-19the population per
Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology plant ranged from 0.0 to 12.0, 78.0 to 124 and 5.0 to 20.0
th th nd
of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir. aphids/plant in 12 , 16 and 22 standard week, respectively.
Observation on aphid population was recorded soon after In Rabi 2019-20 the population per plant ranged from 0.0
the appearance of the aphids on mustard and continued till to16.0, 95.0 to 165.0 and 8.0 to 23.0 in 12th, 16th and 22nd
the maturity of the crop. The population of the aphids was standard week respectively. The maximum and minimum
recorded on twenty randomly tagged plants at weekly temperature does not favour the aphid population however;
interval. Initially at pre-bloom stage, the population of aphid rainfall, morning and evening relative humidity favoured the
was recorded on whole plant as a one single unit. At aphid population (Table 3). Thus negative correlation was
flowering/bloom stage, the aphids were counted from the observed between aphid population and maximum
upper 10 cm twig. At the post-bloom stage the aphids were temperature and minimum temperature. Positive correlation
recorded on the upper, middle and lower pods of plants on was found between aphid population and rainfall.
five randomly selected plants. The population of coccinellids Significantly positive correlation was observed with morning
was also recorded at pre-bloom, bloom, and post-bloom relative humidity and evening relative humidity. Mishra and
stages on whole plant at weekly interval. The data generated Kanwat (2018) also reported that aphid population is
on the population of aphids was correlated with the weather negatively correlated with maximum temperature and
parameters like maximum and minimum temperature, positively correlated with relative humidity. Dharavat et al
relative humidity and rainfall and with the population of (2016) observed negative correlation of aphids with
coccinellids. Regression coefficient (R2) and regression maximum and minimum temperature and significantly
equation (Y = a+ bx) were computed by standard statistical positive correlation with humidity. Sahu et al (2017) reported
methods. that pest population drastically decreased after 3rd week of
March due to gradual increase in high temperature. Kumar
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and Paul (2017) observed that the maximum temperature
The commencement of mustard aphid population was exhibited a negative effect RH with a significant positive
th
from 12 standard week with average number 5.42 effect. Earlier researchers also observed that aphid
aphids/plant in 2018-19 and 3.67 aphids/plant in 2019-20 population exhibit negative correlation with maximum
(Table 1 and 2). The pest reached to its peak population viz., temperature and positive correlation with rainfall, morning
110.27 aphids/plant (2018-19) and 144.45 aphids/plant and evening relative humidity (Pawar et al 2010, Hassan and

Table 1. Incidence of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi and subsequent appearance of its predators during Rabi 2018-2019
SMW No. of *No. of predators/plant Max. temp Min. temp Rainfall Morning relative Evening
aphids/plant (°C) (°C) (mm) humidity (%) relative
Coccinella Hippodamia humidity (%)
septumpunctata variegata

12 5.42 0.03 0.00 13.57 1.76 30.60 82.42 57.14

13 19.32 0.37 0.02 19.36 4.36 2.20 69.57 48.43
14 25.54 0.63 0.25 23.07 4.79 1.40 64.71 36.14
15 50.34 1.15 0.56 21.93 7.57 5.40 77.14 51.14
16 110.27 3.21 1.73 19.5 7.57 13.40 84.71 62.29
17 75.54 2.43 1.16 22.36 8.19 30.20 77.72 59.14
18 70.23 1.79 0.73 20.29 7.33 10.80 80.57 57.29
19 21.59 1.52 0.54 23.57 6.51 22.80 65.42 43.71
20 17.52 1.16 0.37 22.14 8.51 15.60 76.00 59.00
21 8.67 0.43 0.13 22.50 9.57 34.80 80.14 67.29
22 6.23 0.00 0.00 28.14 9.00 6.20 67.71 45.86
SMW = Standard meteorological week
* Mean of population on 20 plants
1998 Shafiya Rashid et al

Table 2. Incidence of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi and subsequent appearance of its predators during Rabi 2019-20
SMW No. of *No. of predators/plant Max. temp Min. temp Rainfall Morning relative Evening
aphids/plant (°C) (°C) (mm) humidity (%) relative
Coccinella Hippodamia humidity (%)
septumpunctata variegata

12 7.30 0.07 0.00 16.71 4.64 21.30 74.29 56.57

13 23.73 0.59 0.28 13.57 4.27 68.39 85.71 75.71
14 31.56 0.87 0.64 17.79 3.24 53.20 76.85 60.71
15 64.32 1.48 0.99 21.29 6.34 18.20 74.00 58.29
16 144.45 4.80 2.96 16.71 6.71 29.19 86.28 74.14
17 91.90 3.74 2.01 25.14 8.42 2.03 71.43 65.00
18 83.27 2.85 1.75 23.07 9.50 64.61 73.29 71.00
19 29.07 2.01 1.36 25.29 8.73 6.58 75.29 75.00
20 27.40 1.59 0.80 23.36 8.66 15.61 73.14 65.86
21 12.89 0.67 0.28 28.86 9.01 0.00 70.71 44.57
22 10.58 0.20 0.06 23.21 11.05 42.98 85.57 76.14
23 0 0 0 27.64 12.06 15.80 74.57 68.14
SMW = Standard meteorological week
* Mean of population on 20 plants

Singh 2010, Nayak 2010, Varmora et al 2009). Ahlawat et al Table 3. Correlation and regression analysis between abiotic
(2021) also observed the positive correlation of aphid as well as biotic factors and Lipaphis erysimi
population on Brassica juncea (Pooled 2018-19 and
population with relative humidity and rainfall. The variation in 2019-20)
the month of incidence of aphids may be due to different Parameters Regression equation Correlation
climatic conditions of the Kashmir valley. coefficient (r)
The predator population viz; Coccinella septumpunctata Abiotic factors Aphid population/plant
and Hippodamia variegata on the mustard aphid appeared Maximum temperature y = -0.025x+22.92 -0.26
simultaneously with the aphid population. C. septumpunctata R² = 0.066
appeared during the 12th standard week as0.03 beetles per Minimum temperature y = -0.002x+7.570 -0.05
R² = 0.001
plant (2018-19) and 0.07 beetles per plant (2019-20), and H.
Rainfall y = 0.012x+21.36 0.06
variegate occurrence was observed during the 13th standard R² = 0.003
week as 0.02 per plant (2018-19) and 0.28 beetles per plant Morning RH y = 0.067x+72.81 0.60*
(2019-20). Both the predator populations reached its peak R² = 0.360
th
during 16 standard week being 3.21 and 1.73 (2018-19) and Evening RH y = 0.077x+56.16 0.58*
R² = 0.334
4.80 and 2.96 beetles per plant during 2018-19 and 2019-20
Biotic factors
coinciding the peak population of aphids and then again
C. septumpunctata y = 0.031x+0.105 0.95**
decreased with the decline of aphid population to 0.43 and R² = 0.894
0.13 beetles per plant in 2018-19 and 0.20 and 0.06 beetles H. variegata y = 0.018x-0.011 0.96**
per plant in 2019-20, respectively (Table 1 and 2). R² = 0.922
Brevicoryne brassicae exhibited positive correlation with
coccinellid predators viz; C. septumpunctata and H. population in the season and population of predator was
variegate (Table 3). Ali et al (2012) also reported that positively correlated with prey population. Bilashini and
population of coccinellids increased along with the increased Singh (2011) reported that numerical density of the predator
population of aphids and thus revealed positive correlation was observed to increase with increase in density of aphid
between B. brassicae population and coccinellid prey in the field and correlation analysis showed highly
[Link] & Kanwat (2018) observed that the positive significant correlation between predator and aphid
population of C. septumpunctata was influenced by the host species.
insect and both were at peak the same time(17
beetles/404.25 aphids). Similarly Pal et al(2018) reported CONCLUSION
that the population of predator fluctuated according to its prey The incidence of mustard aphid, Brevicoryne
brassicaeon mustard was observed from last week of
View publication stats

Abundance of Mustard Aphid 1999

th th
March i.e. 12 and later reached to peak at 16 standard parameters on different cultivars of Indian mustard
(Brassicajuncea L.). The Journal of Plant Protection Sciences
week. So by manipulating the calendar of sowing of 2(1): 71-76.
mustard, can protect crop from the peak aphid population Liu T and Yue B 2001. Comparison of some life history parameters
infestation. Similarly the population of coccinellid between alate and apterous forms of turnip aphid (Homoptera:
th Aphididae) on cabbage under constant temperatures. Florida
predators also reached peak at 16 standard week, thus Entomologist 84: 239-242.
coinciding with the peak population of aphids. Aphids Mishra SK and Kanwat PM 2018. Seasonal incidence of mustard
exhibit negative correlation with maximum temperature aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) and its major predator on mustard
and their correlation with abiotic factors. Journal of Entomology
and positive correlation with minimum temperature, and Zoology Studies 6(3): 831-836.
rainfall, morning relative humidity, evening relative Nayak MK 2010. Population dynamics of major insect species of
humidity and positive correlation was between mustard mustard (Brassica Compstris sariah) towards weather
parameters. Journal of Rural and Agricultural Research 10(1):
aphid and its predators: Coccinella septumpunctata and 19-21.
Hippodamia variegata. Pal S, Singh DK and Umrao RS 2018. Population dynamics of insect
pests in mustard and ecofriendly management of Lipaphis
erysimi (Kaltenbach) in Uttrakhand. International Journal of
REFERENCES Current Microbiology Applied Sciences 7(7): 324-331
Ahlawat DS, Kumar D and Punia R 2021. Population dynamics of Pawar VR, Bapodra JG, Joshi MD and Ghadge SM 2010. Population
mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi on Brassica crop in relation to dynamics of aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) on mustard.
abiotic factors and sowing date. Journal of Applied Entomologist Agricultural Science Digest 30(3): 221-223
1(2): 15-18. Sahu V, Yadav R, Singh RP and Bareliya PK 2017. Seasonal
Ali A and Rizvi PV. 2012. Influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the incidence of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi in Jhansi during
population dynamics of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) Rabi crop season. Plant Archives 17(2): 1505-1507
on Indian mustard, Brassica juncea with respect to sowing Singh B 1986. Morphological/biochemical traits of Brassica
dates. Academic Journal of Plant Sciences 5(4): 123-127 genotypes vis-a vis mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.)
Bilashini Y and Singh TK 2011. Relative abundance of aphid Lipaphis resistance. [Link]. (Ag.) Thesis, Haryana Agricultural University,
erysimi (Kaltenbach) and predator Coccinella septempunctata Hisar, India.
Linnaeus on Brassica oleracea var. botrytis in relation with Singh R, Singh MP, Singh KP, Devi TB and Singh NG 2007.
abiotic factors. Environment and Ecology (Kalyani); 29(3A): Comparative efficacy of certain Neem products and
1372-1375. conventional and insecticides against mustard aphid,
Biswas GC, and Das GP 2000. Population dynamics of the mustard Brevicoryne brassicae (Kalt.) and their safety to its natural
aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in relation enemies. Indian Journal of Entomology 69(3): 259-264.
to weather parameters. Bangladesh Journal of Entomology Singh YP and Sharma KC 2012. Integrated approach to manage the
19(1&2): 15-22. mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) (Homoptera; Aphididae)
Dharavat N, Mehera B, Nath S, Patra S and Rout S 2016. Effect of in oilseed Brassica crops: A review. Journal of Aphidology 16: 77-
sowing dates on population dynamics of mustard aphid 88.
(Lipaphis erysimi) in mustard (Brassica juncea) under Allahabad Varmora JM, Raghvani KL, Joshi MD, Makadia RR, Dalwadi NG. and
climatic condition. Advances in Life Sciences 5(20): 9109-9113. Boricha HV 2009. Population dynamics of aphid, Lipaphis
Hasan W and Singh CP 2010. Relationship between the population erysimi (Kalt.) and predators on cabbage. Asian Sciences 4(1,2):
of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and weather 56-58.

Received 19 July, 2022; Accepted 15 September, 2022