CHAPTER 4
Drafting
4 Drafting System ………………………………………………………….. 4.2
4.1 Selection of Type of Cradle……………………………………………... 4.2
4.2 Parts of a top arm………………………………………………………… 4.3
4.3 Total Draft…………………………………………………………………. 4.4
4.4 Front Zone settings………………………………………………………. 4.4
4.5 Break Draft Zone and Break Draft……………………………………… 4.4
4.6 Settings in Weighting Arm………………………………………………. 4.5
4.6.1 Adjusting Roller Load…………………………………………... 4.5
4.6.2 Draft Field Setting………….................................................... 4.9
4.6.3 Top Arm Pressure Setting……………………………………… 4.12
4.7 Opening at the Apron Release…………………………………………. 4.13
4.8 Top Rollers………………………………………………………………... 4.14
4.9 Cots and Aprons…………………………………………………………. 4.14
‘e’ version Drafting
4. Drafting system
Ring Frame RXI 240e can be PK 2025
225 /
equipped with two types of pendulum
weighting arms 2025
PK 2130
• PK 2025 (SKF / Texparts) or
PK 2130 (Texparts)
• PK 2035 (SKF / Texparts) or
PK 2135 (Texparts).
Two types of cradles are available
• Short Cradle
(Texparts OH2022) for Fibre Cradle OH 2022 OH 2042
lengths upto 45mm Short Medium
• Medium Cradle HF 48 57
HF 1 44 53
(Texparts OH2042) for Fibre
Lengths above 45mm and upto VF 49 59
54mm VF 1 51 61
Max
Fibre 45 54
Length
All Dimensions in mm
4.1 Selection of type of Cradle PK 2035
The size is based on the length of the PK 2135
fiber to be processed and the cradle
used determine the front zone setting
which is an essential factor in
optimizing drafting performance.
Table and the figure beside show the
range of cradle together with the
recommended draft zone settings.
Also shown are the maximum
spinnable fiber lengths for the drafting
version with three nip points.
OH 2022 OH 2042
Cradle
Short Medium
HF 50 58
HF 1 46 54
VF 49 73
VF 1 51 75
Max
Fiber 45 54
Length
4–2 May 2007
Drafting
4.2 Parts of a Top Arm
Lever
Bracket
Screw
Back Load Selector
Locking Screw
Middle Load Selector
Height Setting
Handle (Pressure) Screw
Load Indicator
Front Top (Available only in Texparts
Roller PK2130 / PK 2135)
Parallelism
Adjuster Saddle Spring
Frame Back Weighting Element
Clearer Holder Saddle Spring
Middle Weighting Element
Front Load Selector
Front Weighting Saddle
Element Spring Back Top Roller
Middle Top Roller
Front Top Roller Top Apron
Cradle
May 2007 4- 3
‘e’ version Drafting
4.3 Total Draft
The amount of total draft to be applied is largely dependent on amount and
composition of fiber material, the quality of roving and the design and condition of all
the fiber guiding elements in the system.
Following are the general guidelines for the total draft that can be applied on two zone
double apron drafting system. However, the actual draft that can be applied should
be optimized by mill.
Carded cotton of very short length - 12 to 20
Carded cotton - 15 to 30
Combed cotton - 20 to 40
Blend of cotton & man made fiber - 25 to 45
Man made fibers alone - 25 to 50
4.4 Front zone settings
This is dependent on the type of cradle used; and should be set at the recommended
distance. The front top roller is set with 2 mm front off set. The top apron roller is set
with a rear off set of 2 mm. In setting the front zone, care should be taken to ensure
that none of the drafting elements interferes with the movement of the other. Grazing
of the apron against top or bottom rollers indicates a need for the setting to be
corrected.
4.5 Break draft zone & Break draft
In break draft zone the draft serves for tensioning the roving sufficiently to ensure that it
will enter into the main draft zone in well stretched condition.
The main factors to be considered while selecting the setting for the break draft zone as
well as the break draft to be applied are staple length, roving hank, twist in roving, inter-
fiber friction. Normally break draft is decided in relation with back zone setting.
For two zones double apron drafting system used on RXI 240e, break draft ranging
from 1.1 to 1.4 is recommended. Break drafts of 1.26 for cotton and 1.3 for synthetics
are widely used in the mills with successful results.
Table on Page 4 - 1, shows the recommended setting in the back zone. Wider setting
should be selected for processing material with poor drafting properties such as highly
twisted roving or man-made fibers with considerable inter-fiber friction. The back zone
setting should be optimized by trial.
In certain cases where the total draft applied is extremely high, it may be of advantage
to use higher break drafts, in the range of 2 - 3. The rear zone then has to be set to suit
the length of the fiber being processed.
4–4 May 2007
Drafting
4.6 Settings in Weighting Arm
4.6.1 Adjusting roller load
[Link] Adjusting the Front Top Roller Load
Load adjustability is provided for the front top
roller. Load on front top roller can be adjusted in
different stages. The simple key provided with Top
arm gauge kit can be used for changing the load
on the eccentric load selector. Colour marks
indicate the individual load stage and it is possible
at any time to identify the existing load quickly &
easily.
While processing cotton & cotton blends with man
made fibers optimum results can be easily
obtained by using medium load (Green). Maximum
Load (Red) is recommended for processing man
made fibers or processing blends when top roller
o
cots have high shore hardness (85 ).
The Partial Load Selection can be used when the
machine is to be kept stopped for a longer
duration.
Caution:
The Load Selection has to be done with the
special Tool Provided. Usage of any other tools
can damage the eccentric load selector. Special Tool Used for Front
Also it is recommended to change the load (other Roller Load Adjustment
than setting partial load, when the top arm is in a
released condition).
[Link].1 PK 2025 / PK 2035 Weighting Arms
Colour Load Selector Load in
Load in Kgs
Code Position Kgs
Partial White 6
Basic Black 10
Standard Green 14
14K gs
Maximum Red 18
18 K gs
May 2007 4- 5
‘e’ version Drafting
[Link].2 PK 2130 / PK 2135 Weighting Arms
Colour Load Selector Load in
Load in Kgs
Code Position Kgs
Partial White 6
Load 1 (Basic) Black 10
Black /
Load 2 12
Green
Load 3
Green 14
(Standard)
Green /
Load 4 16
Red
Load 5
Red 18
(Maximum)
4–6 May 2007
Drafting
[Link] Adjusting Middle Roller Load
By turning the load selector Bolt with Allen
Key the middle Roller Load can be changed
[Link].1 PK 2025 / PK 2035 Top Arms
Load Kgs
Middle Back
Minimum 10
Maximum 14
14 Kg
10
10 Kg
14
14 10 Decrease
Increase
[Link].2 PK 2130 / PK 2135 Top Arms
Load
Load Indicator Kgs
Position
Middle Back
Basic 10
14 Kg
10 Kg 15
10 Increase
Decrease 12.5
Medium 12.5
Maximum 15
May 2007 4- 7
‘e’ version Drafting
[Link] Adjusting Back Roller Load
By turning the load selector Bolt with Allen
Key the back Roller Load can be changed
[Link].1 PK 2025 / PK 2035 Top Arms
Back
Load Kgs
Minimum 12
Maximum 16 12Kg 16 Kg
16 12
Increase Decrease
[Link].2 PK 2130 / PK 2135 Top Arms
Load
Load
Load Indicator
(Kgs)
Position
Basic 12
Back
Medium 14
12Kg 16 Kg
12 16
Decrease
14 Increase
Maximum 16
4–8 May 2007
Drafting
4.6.2 Draft Field Setting (Saddle Gauge)
Top roller setting should be selected based on
setting of the bottom fluted rollers.
As a general rule, the front top roller has a
forward overhang of 2mm. The middle top roller
has a backward offset of 2mm. The third top
roller is aligned exactly over the corresponding
bottom fluted roller.
[Link] With PK 2025 / PK 2035
Weighting Arm
The Draft field gauge (saddle gauge) used for
setting the position of the top roller is shown in
adjacent figure. This gauge is a part of the SKF
Top arm gauge kit.
Following table gives the recommendation of
the center-to-center distance to be set between
the top rollers. Using a caliper set the Draft field
gauge to the required dimension `a’ & `b’ to get
the values given in the table.
Units in mm
Cradle with Top arm
OH 2022 OH 2042
PK 2025 PK 2035
HF 1 44 54
Main Draft Field
HF 48 58 HF VF
a 148.5 138.5
VF 1 51 75
Break Draft Field
F M B
VF 49 73
b 78.5 45.5 HF 1 VF 1
May 2007 4- 9
‘e’ version Drafting
Keep the top arms in unloaded and lifted
position
Loosen the socket headed screws of the
loading elements and push back wards
Place the preset saddle gauge on the top
arm as shown.
Push the socket headed screws forward
such that they butt with the cross plates of
the saddle gauge and tighten them.
Remove the gauge and set the next top
arm.
After setting every two middle blocks check
the a and b values of the saddle gauge and
correct if necessary before proceeding to
the next middle block.
4 – 10 May 2007
Drafting
[Link] With PK 2130 / PK 2135
Weighting Arm
The Draft field gauge (saddle gauge) used
for setting the position of the top roller is
shown in adjacent figure. This gauge is a
part of the Texparts Top arm gauge kit.
Following table gives the recommendation
of the center-to-center distance to be set
between the top rollers. Using a caliper set
the Draft field gauge to the required
dimension `L1’ & `L2’ to get the values
given in the table.
Cradle with Top arm HF1
HF VF1
VF
OH 2022 OH 2042
PK 2130 PK 2135
HF 1 44 54
HF 48 58
Main
Field
Draft
F M B
L1 48.8 58.8
VF 1 51 75
Draft Field
HF1
HF VF1
VF
VF 49 73
Break
L2 118 154
Open the weighting arm. Release the
hexagon socket screws of weighting
elements.
Slide weighting elements towards front
end
Put the calibrated draft field gauge by
fitting the gauge's downward looking bolt
into the hole, which is located on the top
front end of the frame
Push middle element backwards until it
is stopped by the element's fixing screw
touching the corresponding bracket of
the saddle gauge. Tighten the fixing
screw.
Set the back element also in similar
way.
Remove the gauge and set the next top
arm.
After setting every two middle blocks
check the a and b values of the saddle
gauge and correct if necessary before
proceeding to the next middle block
May 2007 4- 11
‘e’ version Drafting
While setting the pressure of top arms in a middle block, keep the top arms of
both the adjacent middle blocks in loaded condition.
The pressure has to be done with the front roller at 14Kgs, Middle & Back roller
at Minimum Loads.
While setting the pressure gauge ensure that the top roller cot is having the
maximum recommended diameter.
Keep the locking screw in a semi-loosened condition.
Push the side ‘A’ (3.2 mm) of the gauge into the frame through the top end of
the front guide arm until the front load selector (colour mark) appears in its
opening.
Use the special hexagonal key with handle of the Top arm gauge kit to turn the
height setting screw gradually in the clockwise direction when looked from the
back of the top arm, thus moving the weighting arm about the support rod until
the stopper of the top arm comes in contact with the gauge.
Set the complete side of the machine in this manner, the weighting arms
remaining in the loaded condition.
Proceed in the same way for the other side of the machine.
After both sides have been set, it is necessary to check the height of the
weighting arms. This is required because the arm height mayLocking
vary Screw
depending
on the roller stand rigidity.
Pressure Setting Screw
With front top roller of maximum recommended diameter, insert side ‘B’ (3 mm)
of the gauge between the guide arm and the front top roller saddle.
4.6.3 Top arm Pressure setting
Frame Gap
Readjust the height of the weighting arm
such that the gauge must fit between the
guide arm and saddle.
It should not be possible to insert side A of
the gauge.
Secure the weighting arm in this position
by tightening the locking screw.
Caution:
4.7 Opening at the apron release Ensure that the locking
screw is loose while
The opening between the top & bottom turning the height setting
aprons can be adjusted with snap - on screw for height
spacers. The spacers are fixed onto the adjustment. The lockup
cradle. The spacer size can be identified by screw should be
its colour. tightened only after the
height adjustment is
The opening between the front edge of the completed & checked.
top apron cradle and bottom apron bar
4 – 12 May 2007
Drafting
Apron Bridge determines the intensity with which the two aprons are pressed against
each other and thus the intensity of the fiber guidance by double apron unit. As a
general rule, close distance between top & bottom aprons yield better values. However,
the drafting system becomes more susceptible to minor disturbances like Humidity;
Roving Twist & Fiber blend etc. Trials should therefore be made for optimum selection
of spacers.
Following table gives the value of opening between the cradle nip and bar Apron
Bridge, when different spacers of Texparts are used with different cradles.
Distance between cradle nip and bar apron bridge in mm
Spacer
OH 2022 OH 2042 Recommended For
(Short) (Medium)
Red - 2.5 Finer than Ne 60
Yellow 2.2 2.8 Finer than Ne 60
Lilac 2.5 3.2 Ne 40 ~ Ne 60
White 2.8 3.5 Ne 30 ~ Ne 40
Grey 3.3 4.0 Ne 20 ~ Ne 30
Black 3.8 4.6 Ne 10 ~ Ne 20
4.8 Top rollers
Cots are mounted over the top roller arbors in the front and back. Middle roller boss is
used without any cots.
Top roller arbors from SKF are used in the machine. The table below gives the top roller
arbors used in front, middle and back.
Make Front Middle Back
SKF LP 302 LP 303 LP 302
Texparts LP 1002 LP 1003 LP 1002
May 2007 4- 13
‘e’ version Drafting
4.9 Cots and Aprons
Size of Cots (in mm):
PK 225 / PK 235 /
Top
PK 2025 PK 2035
Arm
W d D W d D
Front
28 19 29 28 19 35
Cot
Back
28 19 29 28 19 35
Cot
Size of Aprons (in mm):
Short Medium
Cradle
D W T D W T
Top
37.0 27.8 1.05 41.5 27.8 1.05
Apron
Bottom
37.3 30 1.2 41.6 30 1.2
Apron
D
The top roller cot diameter can be reduced
d
by grinding up to maximum of 2 mm. The
cots should then be replaced. The top roller
arbors in the front row and the back row are
interchangeable. Shore hardness of the top
rollers cots should be selected based on the W
type of raw material.
For processing cotton normally shore
hardness of 65° for front & 83° for back roller
is recommended. For processing
synthetics, both front & back roller should
be cots having 83° shore hardness.
D W
NOTE
For Processing Compact yarn, please refer compact Instruction Manual
4 – 14 May 2007
