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Applied Chemistry
Activity Sheet
Quarter 4 – MELC 1
Week 1-2
Organic Compounds

Applied Chemistry
Organic Compounds
First Edition, 2020
Published in the Philippines
By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Activity Sheet

Writers: Luz D. Latoza

Jessa Mae D. Pampag

Illustrators:

Editor:

Layout Artist:

Regional Management Team:

Ma. Roselyn J. Palcat
Novelyn M. Vilchez
Elleda E. De la Cruz
Minda L. Soldevilla
Arthur J. Cotimo
Felizardo S. Valdez IIIMarve E. Gelera

Regional Management Team:

Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma
Josilyn S. Solana
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Welcome to Applied Chemistry

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Iloilo and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas through the
Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is developed to guide
the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible adults) in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Applied Chemistry Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the leaching-learning
activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with minimal or no
face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be made available to the learners
with the references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Applied Chemistry Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue learning even if
you are not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful and engaging
activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and understand
the instructions then perform the activities and answer the assessments. This will be
returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner: ________________________________________________________
Grade and Section:__________________________ Date: _____________________

Applied Chemistry
Organic Compounds

I. Learning Competency

Cite uses of representative examples of compounds bearing the

different functional group.

II. Background Information for Learners

Do you know that there are about 10 million organic compounds including those
compounds from living organisms and those synthesized by chemists?
What is an organic compound? What is the simplest form of organic compound?
Based on its name, what elements are present in hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon is an organic chemical compound composed of hydrogen (H)

and carbon (C) atoms only. The framework of the compound is formed when
carbon atoms are joined together and hydrogen atoms are attached to the carbon
atoms in different configurations. Hydrocarbons are classified as either aliphatic
(hydrocarbon having a straight chain structures with no rings in them) or aromatic
(hydrocarbons having a ring structure in them).

[Link]

Aliphatic hydrocarbons are classified according to the types of bonds they contain:
alkanes, have only single bonds (C-C); alkenes, contain a carbon-carbon double bond
(C=C); alkynes, containna a carbon-carbon triple bond (C≡C). Aromatic hydrocarbons
contain a benzene ring as a structural unit.
Table 1.1
Types of representative hydrocarbons and their uses
Types of Examples Uses
Hydrocarbon
I. Aliphatic

a. Alkane Methane, A natural gas, used as fuel

Ethane Natural gas

Refrigerant

Used in the manufacture of acetic acid,

acetaldehyde and ethanol

Fuel for space heating, water heating, cooking

Propane (LPG), drying, and transportation;
petrochemical feedstock

used as fuel for cigarette lighters and portable

Butane stoves, a propellant in aerosols, a heating fuel,
a refrigerant,

Extract edible oils from seeds and vegetables.

As an additive in consumer products including

hexane gasoline, glue, varnishes and inks.

As a cleaning agent in the textile, furniture and

printing industries;

As a special glue used in roofing, shoemaking

and leather products

Heptane anesthetics, cements, compounders, inks, lab

reagents, organic synthesis and solvents

major component of gasoline

Octane
solvent for fats and oils
 b. Alkene Ethene building block for the production of plastics
(PVC, PET), antifreeze solutions and solvents.

Starting material for the production of

cosmetics and toilet preparations

Propene used for the production of important chemicals

such as propylene oxide, acrylonitrile, cumene,
butyraldehyde, and acrylic acid

butene used as a precursor to polypropylene resins,

butylene oxide, and butanone.
c. Alkyne Ethyne for welding and cutting.
(acetylene)

propyne
a rocket fuel for space craft intended for low
Earth orbit.
II. Aromatic Phenol disinfectant in household cleaners and in
mouthwash.

the first surgical antiseptic.

used chiefly in the manufacture of dyes,

benzaldehyde cinnamic acid, and other organic compounds,
and to some extent in perfumes and flavouring
agents.

benzoic acid For the manufacture of perfumes, dyes, topical

medications and insect repellents

used to make plastics, resins, and nylon and

benzene synthetic fibers

used to make some types of lubricants,

rubbers, dyes, detergents, drugs, and
pesticides.

This learning activity will help you understand more about hydrocarbons,
the functional group present, their uses and examples.
III. Activity Proper
Activity 1.

Directions: Classify the following illustrations as to what type of hydrocarbons

(alkane, alkene, alkyne, aromatic hydrocarbon). Write your answers on a
sheet of paper.

1. _______________________________
[Link]

2. _______________________________
[Link]

3. ___________________________
[Link]

4. ______________________________
[Link]

5. ____________________________
[Link]

6. _____________________________
[Link]
 7. _____________________________
[Link]

8. _________________________________
[Link]

9. ________________________
hot air balloon that uses propane tanks - Google Search

10.
[Link]

Functional Groups
Most organic chemistry involves substituents, which are groups attached to
hydrocarbon chains. The substituents of organic molecules often contain oxygen,
nitrogen and halogens. They are called functional groups because they are the chemically
functional parts of the molecule. The functional group present in alkene is the double
bond and triple bond in alkynes. Do you know that the alcohol (ethyl alcohol or isopropyl
alcohol) we are using to sanitize our hand is an example of hydrocarbon containing
oxygen substituents?
Table 1.2
Organic Compounds Classified by Functional Group
Compound Functional Examples Uses
Type Group
Alcohol -OH, Methanol used as a solvent
hydroxyl
raw material for the
manufacture
of formaldehyde and
special resins,antifreeze and
cleaning metals

Ethanol used for the production of

acetic acid and formaldehyde,
which in turn are used in
products like adhesives, foams,
plywood subfloors, solvents
and windshield washer fluid.

used for the production of

toiletries, pharmaceuticals, and
fuels

Propanol used to sterilize hospital

nstruments; antiseptic

the alcohol in alcoholic

beverages such as beer, wine,
and distilled spirits.

used as a solvent

used to produce other solvents

isopropanol such as antifreezes, lacquer
formulations, soaps, dye
solutions, window cleaner

used in the printing industry

and in printing ink

antiseptic
Aldehyde Carbonyl, Methanal used in making building
C=O (formaldehyde) materials and many household
products

used in pressed-wood
products, such as
particleboard, plywood, and
fiberboard; glues and
adhesives; permanent-press
fabrics; paper product coatings;
and certain insulation
materials.

Formalin (37% Preservation of biological

formaldehyde) specimens

Embalming (treating human

remains to delay their
decomposition)

Disinfectant for hospital

appliances

Industry-scaled antibacterial

Fly repellent

In photography, formalin is
used to harden gelatin layer
and paper

Ingredients of urea fertilizer

Cosmetics preservative

Corrosion prevention for oil

well

used as a precursor to acetic

acid.

used in the manufacture of

Ethanal resin.
(acetaldehyde)
 used to produce polyvinyl
acetate

used in the manufacture of

disinfectants, perfumes, and
drugs

used in the manufacture

butanal of rubber accelerators,
synthetic resins, solvents, and
plasticizers.

ketone C=O, 2-propanone used to make plastic, fibers,

carbonyl (acetone) , and other chemicals
used to dissolve other
substances

nail polish remover

butanone solvent for lacquer and other

coatings and as a paint
remover

used in the manufacture of

textile, plastic, and wax

used as a cleaning and

degreasing agent.
Carboxylic Methanoic acid as a preservative and
acid O (formic acid) antibacterial agent in livestock
│ first isolated from feed
C=O certain ants
(carboxyl) used in
processing textiles and leather

ethanoic acid used for cleaning, laundry,

(acetic acid) cooking, and many other
household uses

used as livestock silage to

counter bacterial and fungal
growth
 used for the manufacture of
inks and dyes and perfumes.

used as an antiseptic against

pseudomonas, staphylococci,
enterococci, streptococci and
others

used in cervical cancer

screening

used for the treatment of ear

infections like the growth of
fungus and bacteria

used in vinegar, which is used

as a condiment & in the
pickling of raw vegetables and
other foods

Propanoic acid used to inhibit the growth of

mold and various bacteria

used as a preservative for food

(especially bread and other
baked goods as its sodium or
calcium salts)
ester O Ethyl ethanoate Used as artificial fruit essences
│ (ethyl acetate) and aroma enhancers
C = O –R’
ester artificial flavours for
confectionery, ice cream and
cakes

as a solvent in decaffeinating
tea and coffee

used for varnishes and paints

(nail varnish remover

for the manufacture of printing

inks

used in a variety of coating

formulations such as epoxies,
 urethanes, cellulosics, acrylics
and vinyls

Ethyl used as a flavor enhancer in

butanoate(fruity processed orange and
odor similar to pineapple juices in alcoholic
pineapple) beverages
ether Ether R-O-R’ Ethoxyethane used as an anaesthetic
(diethyl ether)
widely used as a solvent

used in the manufacture of

perfumes and flavors due to
their pleasant odors

methoxyethane used as an aerosol propellant,

as a refrigerant, and as a
blowing agent for the
production of some foams

also be used as a fuel in diesel

engines
amines Amino, -NH2 Methyl amine used for making
pharmaceuticals, insecticides,
paint removers,
surfactants, rubber chemicals

Ethyl amine used as a mouse metabolite.

as a raw material in the
production of herbicides such
as Atrazine, Simazine and
Cyanazine

used as a catalyst for the

production of polyurethane
foam
amide Amido Methanamide used as a softener for paper
(formamide) and fiber
NH2
│ Ethanamide used as a solvent
-C=O (acetamide) Used in explosives
used as a plasticizer
used as a hygroscopic agent
 used to manufacture
methylamine.

Activity 2.
Direction: Put a check on the correct classification of organic substances
Organic Alcohol Aldehyde Ketone Carboxylic Ester Ether Amine Amide Halo
Substances Acid carbon
Vinegar
Hand
sanitizer
Refrigerant
Nail polish
remover
Anesthesia
Flavor
enhancer
Coolant in
Aerosols
explosives
Alcoholic
Beverages
Hair dye
Diesel fuel
Essence in
Plastic
Balloon
herbicide
lysol
Flavoring in
Ice cream
Human
tissue
preservative
wine
Food
preservative
Skin
ointment
Reflections:

1. What do many fuels like gasoline, kerosene have in common?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

2. How does methane contribute to greenhouse effect?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

3. How do functional groups determine the character of organic

compounds?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

IV. Links and/or Other References

Wilbraham, Antony C. et al. [Link] Hall. Needham,

[Link].672-724

hydrocarbon | Definition, Types, & Facts | Britannica

Hydrocarbons - Types, Classification, Properties, Preparation, Uses ([Link])

Hydrocarbons | Chemistry for Majors ([Link])

Uses of hydrocarbon gas liquids - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Alkene - Definition, Classification, Properties & Uses with Examples & Videos
([Link])

[Link]