PREGNANCY TEST

Analysis in Urine and Body Fluids

BS Medical Laboratory Science | SEM 1 2022 [FINALS]

- To determine the presence of I. BIOLOGICAL PREGNANCY TEST

hCG
● used before
hCG - animal testing: mice, rats,
● human chorionic gonadotropin rabbits, frogs
● hormone present during Female White Mice
pregnancy ● Azcheim-Zondek Test
● comes from viable placental - urine is injected
tissue→ supports fetal subcutaneously 3x daily
development, where baby lies in for 2 days
the uterus - after 100-200 hrs after
* no hCG emits when there is no viable the injection, mice is
placental tissue killed using ether
Ectopic Pregnancy - pinhead- normal size of
- fertilized egg grows outside the the ovary
womb or uterus - yellowish spots- corpora
- commonly occurs in fallopian lutea
tube→ not expandable so fetus - reddish spots- corpora
will die hemorrhage
- no development of the baby - enlargement indicates
H mole positive
- Hydatidiform mole - dissect the mice after
- grape-like structure that forms subcutaneous injection
in the uterus where women - if there is enlargement in
appears pregnant reproductive organ and
appearance of reddish
spots in ovaries means
PREPARATION OF PATIENT
positive
● restricted water to avoid dilute - hyperemia of uterus,
● salicylates (aspirin) is not premature opening of
recommended vaginal canal
● first morning specimen Rat Ovarian Hyperemia Test
● 60mL for sufficient testing - female virgin rat
- rat is cultured– to check virgin
Main groups rat
- subcutaneous, intradermal, ● Frank-Berman Test
intramuscular ● Kelso Test
● Kuppermann Test
PREGNANCY TEST
Analysis in Urine and Body Fluids
BS Medical Laboratory Science | SEM 1 2022 [FINALS]

Female Virgin Rabbit - urine with hCG is added

● Freidman’s Test- 15cc of urine with anti-serum that
● Hoffman’s Test- 12cc of whole contains anti-hCG
blood and get the serum of the antibody that will combine
patient with antibodies and
- inject 30-40hrs neutralize it
- inject in vein of marginal ear [common - latex particle is then
site injection in rabbits] added which is the RBC
- ovary and the spot present - no agglutination (+)
Frog Test - with agglutination (-)
● Hogben’s Test- for female frog a. Gravindex “Slide Test”
test Pregnancy
● Galli-Mainini Test- for male - no agglutination (+)
frog test - agglutination in 2 mins (-)
* female frogs is bigger in size than ● Latex Agglutination
male frogs - urine and serum, latex is
* front claws of male frog however is added
bigger in size than females due to - agglutination (+)
copulation - no agglutination (-)
- intramuscular injection [muscle ● Direct Latex Agglutination
thigh] - agglutination (+)
- cloaca- where frog’s waste - no agglutination (-)
passes - tighter of the hCG
* when eggs appear needle-like or sperm present
appears banana shape, cannot be used - serial dilution esp. in
for testing serum [special test for
* its urine must be tested first and be preg.]
negative before the injection a. DAP Test
* after 1hr, urinate the frog for
protrusion of eggs/sperms to see if the
III. CHEMICAL TEST
patient is positive for pregnancy
● Pregnanediol Test- progesterone
● Iodine lugol's reaction test-
II. IMMUNOLOGIC PREGNANCY TEST
epinephrine
- test kits
● HAI
- hemagglutination
inhibition
PREGNANCY TEST
Analysis in Urine and Body Fluids
BS Medical Laboratory Science | SEM 1 2022 [FINALS]

IV. CLINICIAN’S TEST

● Prostigmen Withdrawal
(Bleeding Test)
- prostigmen is injected
- no bleeding (+)
- bleeding or menstruation
within 2 weeks (-)
● Skin ColostrumTest
- forearm
- colostrum- breast milk
which has a high
antibodies; gives of
proper nutrients and
antibodies essential for
babies
- occurs during pregnancy
[lactation: production of
milk]
- no swelling (+)
- swelling [no colostrum] w/
reddish discoloration (-)
● Premodos Oral
- 2 tabs once for 2 consec.
days [for women who do
not menstruate yet]
- tabs for menstruation
● Gestex
- 1 tab for a day
- no bleeding (+)
- bleeding (+) for 4 -5 days

note/s: hCG is detectable after few

days of missed period [if pregnant]
: hCG is easily seen in 3-4mos pregnancy
: no hCG should be seen after giving
birth however traces can be seen