ASSIGNMENT FLUID MECHANICS
ROLL NO. 2022MET2178
SOLUTION .1
Given
u=u∘ , v =at , ( a> 0 ,u ∘>0 )
TE=x+ysint
(a) Equation of streamline
dx dy
=
uo v
dx dy
⇒ =
u 0 at
at x
⇒ y= +c ❑1
xO
(1) At t=0
y=cı (this is the family of straight lines having slope zero and y
intercept c1)
y
x
u
(2)at t= a0
Y=x+c1
y
45ᴼ
At t= √a
3
(2) uο
y= √3 x +c 1
60ᴼ
X
(b) pathlines and the equation for pathline
At t=0 ,x=xo ,y=yo
dx
dt
=uo
→X=uo.t+c2
→c2=xo (at t=0 ,x=xo)
→ x=uo.t+co ……equation (1)
Now
dy
=at
dt
at2
→ y= 2
+c3
2
→ y= a2t + yο ……. equation 2 (at t=0,y=yo)
From equation 1 and 2 eliminating t we get
y= (
a x−xo 2
2 uo )
+ yo
y
X
(c) Lagrangian temperature field
Given ,eulerian temperature field ,TE(x,y,z,t)=x+ysint
→TL =(uo . t+ xo)+ ( at 2
2 )
+ yo sint (here we have substituted x,y)
(d)
Now differentiating the lagrangian temperature field
∂T L ∂
( )
2
at
∂t
= ∂ t ((uo . t+ xo)+ 2 + yo sint ¿
a t2
=uo+at(sint)+( 2
+ yo ¿ cost …….(3)
Now finding the total derivative of eulerian temperature field
DT E ∂T E ∂T ∂T
= +u E +v E
Dt ∂t ∂x ∂y
=ycost+uo+at(sint)
t2
Now putting ,x=uo.t+xo and y=a 2 + yo,we get
=( a
t2
2
+ yo )cost+uo+at(sint)……..(4)
Since eqn 3 and 4 are equal we get
∂T L DT E
=
∂t Dt
Hence proved
Solution( 3 )
given
X i is function of ( a1 , a 2 , a3 , t )
X 1 =a1 +t
X 2 =a2 e t
X 3 =a3 +a 1 t
d X1
V 1= =1
dt
d X2 t
V 2= =a2 e
dt
d X3
V 3= =a 1
dt
Now for finding eulerian velocity
x 1=a1 +t
→ a1=x 1−t
t
x 2=a 2 e
−t
→ a2=x 2 e
Using these substitutions in velocity we get
u1=1
u2=x 2
u3= x1−t
Eulerian velocity field is
u⃗ ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ,t )=( 1, x 2 , x 1−t ,t )
Equation of surface of stream tube
∂ X 1 ∂ X2 ∂ X3
∂S ∂S ∂ S ………eqn 1
= =
1 X2 X 1−t
∂ X1 ∂ X2
From first two relations =
∂ S ∂ S X2
→ ( X 1−ln X 2 )=f ( η )
It is given that X 1 =cosη , X 2=sinη
So f(η )=cosη -[Link]η
Equation becomes X 1 −ln X 2=cosη−ln . sinη
Now
∂ X1 ∂ X3
=
∂ S ∂ S( X 1−t)
X 21
−t X 1−X 3=f 2 ( η )
2
Also we have X 1 =cosη , X 2=sinη , X 3=0
so f 2 η=¿
X 21
−t X 1−X 3=¿¿
2
Solution (4)
Given
u=cost, v=sint
(a)stream line equation
dx dy
=
cost sint
y=xtant+c since this equation passes through (0,0)
so c=0
y=xtant
y
t=t1 t=π /2
t=0
dx
=cost
dt
x=sint +c 1 it passes through (0,0) and time is π /2
π
c 1=
2
x=sint−1……..eqn1
Also we have
dy
=sint
dt
y=−cost+ c 2
π
c 2=cost at t=
2
We have y=-cost …….eqn2
Removing t from eqn 1 and 2
We get ( x +1 )2+ y 2=1
This is the eqn of pathline
(c) equation of sreamline
when particle is at (0,0) let time be t’
'
x=sin t + c3 it passes through (0,0)
So x=sint−sin t
'
…..eqn3
Also y=−cost+ c 4 it pasess through (0,0)
So y= -cost+cost’ …….eqn4
Removing t’ from 3 and 4
( x−sint )2 + ( y+ cost )2=1
At t =π /2 eqn is
2 2
(x−1) + y =1
streamline
Pathline sreakline
Solution (2)
Given
¿ ¿ ¿
u⃗ =0 e r +Ω r eθ +0 e z
dθ
V r =0 , =Ω ,V z =0
dt
X=rcosθ differentiating this eqn with respect to time
dx dr
= cosθ−rsinθ Ω
dt dt
u=−Ω y
Also we have
Y=rsinθ
dy dr
= sinθ+ rcosθ Ω
dt dt
V y =Ω x
Now finding the acceleration
∂u u∂u v∂u
ax= + +
∂t ∂ x ∂y
= −Ω x
2
∂v u∂v v ∂v
a y= + +
∂t ∂ x ∂y
2
−Ω y
a total =√ a2x + a2y
¿ Ω2 √ x 2 + y 2
2
¿Ω r
Also by lagrangian approach we can directly difrrentiate velocity and
find the total acceleration
d V x du 2
= =−Ω rcosθ
dt dt
d V y dV 2
= =−Ω rsinθ
dt dt
Now finding the total magnitude of acceleration we get
¿ Ω r √sin θ+cos θ
2 2 2
=Ω2 r
Hence we are getting same acceleration from lagrangian and eulerian
approaches
