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Sept 19
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Care provision and practice - 5N2705
Identify range of groups in need of care
Care in the community and specific needs
Holistic needs of the patient
Physical needs: medicine, food, movement
Emotional needs: empathy, listening, respect
Social needs: interaction
Intellectual needs: crosswords, puzzles
Role of the care worker: statutory/volunteer
Skills involved in total patient care
Recognise requirements: privacy, independence, dignity, positive self-image
Range of interpersonal qualities
Awareness of different feelings of client, relatives, colleagues
Assist with total patient care
Contribute to planned activities
Recognise the therapeutic value of leisure and social activities
60% assignment (2x30% assignments)
40% skills demo
Care skills - focus of skills and competencies
Physical, emotional, social, psychological, and spiritual needs
Hygiene needs
Pressure sores
Levels of assistance
Client involvement in social events
Disposal of soiled stuff
Client safety and security
Report changes in client conditions
40% assignment
60% skills demo
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Sept 20
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What is care?:
Providing a person with what they need for health, welfare, and safety.
Meet needs that they cannot meet themselves.
Doing something for them while being aware of their needs.
Helps individuals meet needs and stay independent.
Helps everyday living and supports quality of life, aims, and desires.
All people at some stage need care from birth until death.
● Various client groups
● Children with special needs
● Adults with special needs
● Intellectual disability
● Mental health issues
● Chronic life conditions
● Physical disability
It is an essential requirement to help achieve/restore an acceptable level of independence or
quality of life.
Physical needs:
Needs we have to keep our bodies working
Everyone’s needs are different
Certain needs we all share (nutritious food, clean water, shelter)
We also need warmth, clothing, sleep, security
Needs vary throughout level, older people may eat less than growing adolescents but we all
need food
Some activities harm us, damaging our bodies and not meeting our physical needs.
Social needs:
Ability to form and maintain relationships both personally and professionally.
Important aspect of mental health.
If not met loneliness and isolation result. Have negative effect of mental health
Important to have family and friends and belong to groups or part of community to have a
sense of belonging and feel accepted
Emotional Needs:
Need to feel loved and nurtured and have a close bond with other people.
Everyone has this need.
Ability to express or support these feelings.
Depending on social, cultural environments.
Sadness, distress are easily recognisable emotions.
Psychological needs:
Study of the mind and its processes
To do with mental well being and mental health
Ability to think clearly, problem solve, make rational decisions and perform particular
processes.
Ability to express emotions and deal with stressful situations and cope with demands on the
mind
Intellectual needs:
The need to keep the brain active and alert
Import to keep up mental ability and physical ability fails
Include mental activity and simulation to keep us motivated and interested
Should be met throughout life
Children meet intellectual needs by exploring and asking questions
Recreational needs:
Need for mental activity or stimulation
Includes interest or activities that can be done in spare time and done anywhere
Recreational activities stimulate mental, physical and emotional wellbeing
Should be suitable for clients
Financial Needs:
Expenses that are essential for people to work and live
Recurring expenses; rent, car, insurance, housing, transportation, electricity, food.
Environmental Needs:
Surroundings in which we live, housing, noise, air
Affects people’s existence in a social way
Spiritual needs:
To do with beliefs
Duty of care to facilitate all beliefs
Be prepared to learn about cultures and religion
Assist clients practice
Holistic Care:
Social, Physical, mental, emotional, intellectual health are all interlinked
Complete care is taking a holistic care on health; looking at every need affecting each other
Respiration
Done on admission to hospital
When a person is unwell or injured, loss of consciousness, chest injury, difficulty breathing,
chest pain
Monitor condition after a surgery during treatment
Monitor response to medication that can affect the respiratory system
Factors:
● Environment
● Respiratory conditions
● Illness
● Exercise
● Age
● Body size
● Emotional state
● Sleep
● Drugs
● Talking
● Gender
● Metabolic demands
Normal adult respiratory rate 10-15 per minute
Normal children rate varies with age:
<1 year: 30-40
1-2 years: 25-35
2-5 years:
Consider:
● Rhythm
● Quality
● Sounds
● Verbal Complaints
● Difficulty:
○ Respirations normally effortless observe if breathing is laboured
● Sound:
○ Observe sound of breathing, normally quiet, may hear wheeze or stridor
○ Wheeze is high pitched sound that occurs when air is forced through
narrowed passages
○ Strider is a harsh high pitched sound that is heard during respirations when
larynx is obstructed
● Depth:
○ Depth of breathing should be observed, relates to volume of air moving in and
out of respiratory tract, referred to as tidal volume
● Hyperventilation:
○ Prolonged rapid and deep ventilation which can occur in someone having an
anxiety attack. This can cause dizziness and fainting
● Hypoventilation:
○ Slow and shallow breathing
● Apnoea:
○ This a period without breathing, can occur during hyperventilation when
another breath only taking place when carbon dioxide levels rise
● Dyspnoea:
○ Difficulty or laboured breathing
PULSE
● Felt every time the heart beats
● One heartbeat = one pulse beat
● Pulse rate is number of beats of the heart in 60 seconds
● Measured to identify rate and strength of heart
● In case of trauma or bleeding pulse rate may be weak and fast
● Locations:
○ Temporal artery: left of forehead
○ Carotid artery: neck
○ Brachial artery: fossa of arm
○ Femoral artery: Groin
○ Apical artery: Chest
○ Popliteal: behind the knee
○ Posterior tibial artery: inner side of ankle
● Factors
○ Age: Younger people have higher pulse rate
○ Exercise: Raises pulse rate. Trained athletes have lower resting rate
○ Disease: Illness puts pressure on body
○ Drugs: Drugs can speed up/slow down heart rate
○ Body Temperature: Cold will raise heart rate
○ Posture: Laying flat slows heart rate
○ Mental State: Stress, anxiety, fear
● Adult rate is 60-100
● Outside this range is considered abnormal
● Consider
○ The rate
○ The rhythm: iregular beats helps indicate abnormality
○ Volume/force:
● Bradycardia: pulse is below 60 bpm
● Tachycardia: pulse is above 100 bpm
Temperature - 36.1
Pulse - 71
Respirations - 23
